| Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance |
02-Nov-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | The Afghan government's limited writ and widespread official corruption are helping sustain a Taliban insurgency, and have fed international pessimism about efforts to stabilize Afghanistan. At the same time, President Hamid Karzai has, through compromise with faction leaders, been able to confine ethnic disputes to political competition, enabling his government to focus on trying to win over those members of the ethnic Pashtun community who support the Taliban and other ... |
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| Rwanda: Background and Current Developments |
03-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ted Dagne; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| In 2003, Rwanda held its first multi-party presidential and parliamentary elections in decades. President Paul Kagame of the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) won 95% of the votes cast, while his nearest rival, Faustin Twagiramungu, received 3.6% of the votes cast. In the legislative elections, the ruling RPF won 73% in the 80-seat National Assembly, while the remaining seats went to RPF allies and former coalition partners. In September 2008, Rwanda ... |
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| Gynecologic Cancer Center for Racial Disparities |
Aug-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
G L Maxwell; JACKSON (HENRY M) FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
 | There are significant health-related disparities in outcome among women in the U.S. with different types of gynecologic cancer. Poor outcome among minorities with gynecologic cancer exists because of biological differences in tumors related to race and ethnicity; cultural, social and psychological barriers to accessing care; less than optimal screening services and prevention strategies, and unequal provision of quality health care and tailored therapeutics. 1: An analysis of the genomic and ... |
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| Choosing Among Causal Agents in a Dynamic Environment |
30-Jul-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael E Young; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV AT CARBONDALE
|
| Participants in a video game environment were required to make a series of decisions in which they must identify which of three targets was causing a distal explosion. The potential targets were firing weapons which could produce an explosion after a constant or variable delay, a delay that was filled or unfilled with an auditory event, and may have produced explosions probabilistically. Delays had profound effects on accuracy and decision ... |
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| Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS): Current Legislative Issues |
14-Jul-2009 |
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| Authors:
Nathan James; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program was created by Title I of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (P.L. 103-322). The mission of the COPS program is to advance community policing in all jurisdictions across the United States. The Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-162) reauthorized the COPS program through FY2009 and changed the COPS program from a ... |
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| Afghanistan: U.S. Foreign Assistance |
14-Jul-2009 |
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| Authors:
Curt Tarnoff; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The U.S. program of assistance to Afghanistan is intended to stabilize and strengthen the Afghan economic, social, political, and security environment so as to blunt popular support for extremist forces in the region. Since 2001, nearly $38 billion has been appropriated toward this effort. More than half of U.S. assistance -- roughly 54% -- has gone to security programs, mostly the training and equipping of Afghan forces. Another 32% has ... |
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| Trafficking in Persons: U.S. Policy and Issues for Congress |
02-Jul-2009 |
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| Authors:
Alison Siskin; Clare R Seelke; Liana S Wyler; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Trafficking in persons (TIP) for the purposes of exploitation is believed to be one of the most prolific areas of international criminal activity and is of significant concern to the United States and the international community. The overwhelming majority of those trafficked are women and children. According to the most recent Department of State estimates, roughly 800,000 people are trafficked across borders each year. If trafficking within countries is included ... |
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| Determination of the Role of Estrogen Receptors and Estrogen Regulated Genes in B Cell Autoreactivity |
Jul-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Betty Diamond; FEINSTEIN INST FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH MANHASSET NY
|
| Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that occurs preferentially in women. In murine models of SLE, it is clear that increased or sustained high physiologic levels of estradiol can accelerate onset of disease and exacerbate disease severity. We have shown that estradiol alters B cell maturation in vivo but does so in a genetically restricted fashion. We have also shown that estradiol can act directly on B cells ... |
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| Trafficking in Persons Report |
Jun-2009 |
325 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Department of State is required by law to submit each year to the U.S. Congress a report on foreign governments' efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. This is the 9th annual TIP Report; it seeks to increase global awareness of the human trafficking phenomenon by shedding new light on various facets of the problem and highlighting shared and individual efforts of the international community, and to ... |
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| The Rising Importance of Women in Terrorism and the Need to Reform Counterterrorism Strategy |
21-May-2009 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Marne L Sutten; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
|
| It is evident that women are increasingly playing a role in terrorism. The war on terror has restricted freedom of action within the security environment for terrorist organizations, making it more advantageous for terrorist organizations to use women to support or execute terrorist activities. In countries where terrorism originates and extremist organizations find safe haven and freedom of movement, the social environment also can play a significant role in leading ... |
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| Injury Reduction Effectiveness of Prescribing Running Shoes Based on Plantar Shape in Marine Corps Basic Training San Diego, CA and Parris Island, SC |
May-2009 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
Steve Bullock; Joseph J Knapik; Bruce H Jones; David I Swedler; Daniel W Trone; Adriana Villasenor; Timothy Bockelman; Emily Schmied; Peggy Han; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| In response to a request from the Military Training Task Force of the Defense Safety Oversight Council, this study examined whether prescribing running shoes based on the shape of the plantar surface influenced injury risk in Marine Corps basic training. After foot examinations, Marine Corps recruits in an experimental group (E, n=408 men, 314 women) were prescribed motion-control, stability, or cushioned shoes for plantar shapes indicative of low, medium, or ... |
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| Multidisciplinary Biomarkers of Early Mammary Carcinogenesis |
01-Apr-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Julie Ostrander; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| The purpose of the proposed research is to develop novel optical technologies to identify high-risk premalignant changes in the breast. Our proposed research will first test specific optical parameters in breast cancer cell lines and models of early mammary carcinogenesis, and then develop methods to test the optical parameters in random periareolar fine needle aspirate (RPFNA) samples from women at high-risk for developing breast cancer. Over the last year, we ... |
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| Menstrual Cycle and Visual Information Processing |
Apr-2009 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Michelle I Nash; BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PROVO UT
|
| This project examined the effects menstruation may have on visual attention in women. A recent study examined electroencephalographic (EEG) gender differences using a visual object recognition task. Results indicated certain EEG amplitudes (specifically, P300 and N400) are greater in women than men. This study extended the previous findings to determine if these increased EEG amplitudes vary across menstrual phases. Eighteen female participants participated in a series of 3 EEG recording ... |
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| Why Are So Few Veterans in Public Service |
25-Mar-2009 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick O Briley; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| This paper examines many reasons why Military Officers, upon retirement, generally do not opt to enter public service. It looks at the current legislative situations linked to the background of elected officials and how men and women with a military background, whether retired or not, would be more capable than the average politician, and do a much better job. The ingrained values and patriotic duty of military Service Members would ... |
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| Rwanda: Background and Current Developments |
23-Mar-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ted Dagne; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| In Rwanda, events of a prior decade are still fresh in the minds of many survivors and perpetrators. In 1993, after several failed efforts, the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) and the government of Rwanda reached an agreement in Tanzania, referred to as the Arusha Peace Accords. The RPF joined the Rwandan government as called for in the agreement. In April 1994, the Presidents of Rwanda and Burundi, along with several ... |
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| Women in Combat: Standardize the Physical Fitness Test |
09-Mar-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Ervin R Stone; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
|
| In 1994, after receiving a report from the Presidential Commission on the Assignment of Women to the Armed Forces, Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) Leslie Aspin redefined the Department of Defense (DoD) assignment policy for women in the military. The policy has not seen significant change since then. However, with the increased involvement of females in the Global War on Terrorism, this policy has come under scrutiny by groups such as ... |
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| Incorporating Functional Imaging Information into rpFNA Analysis for Breast Cancer Detection in High Risk Women |
Mar-2009 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Kristy L Perez; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| The overall goal of this work is to correlate the imaging information from the dual-modality, dedicated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography device with the results of random periareolar fine needle aspiration (rpFNA) in women at high risk for breast cancer. To maximize the information gained from this collaborative study, the whole breast will be imaged prior to rpFNA and the needles will be imaged after aspiration ... |
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| 2008 Gender Relations Survey of Reserve Component Members |
Mar-2009 |
193 pages |
| Authors:
Rachel N Lipari; Lindsay M Rock; DEFENSE MANPOWER DATA CENTER ARLINGTON VA
|
| This report provides the results for the 2008 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Reserve Component Members (2008 WGRR). The overall purpose of the 2008 WGRR is to document the extent to which Reserve component members reported experiencing harassment and unwanted sexual contact in the 12 months prior to filling out the survey, the details surrounding those events, and the member's perceptions of the effectiveness of sexual harassment and sexual ... |
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| Detection and Evaluation of Early Breast Cancer via Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Studies of Mouse Models and Clinical Implementation |
Mar-2009 |
199 pages |
| Authors:
Sanaz A Jansen; CHICAGO UNIV IL
|
| The early detection of breast cancer is a major prognostic factor in the management of the disease. In particular, detecting breast cancer in its pre-invasive form as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) improves prognosis greatly compared with invasive tumors. Although dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging (DCEMRI) of the breast has demonstrated high sensitivity to invasive breast cancer, there is room for improving the diagnostic accuracy of DCEMRI to DCIS. However, ... |
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| Security Forces of the Kurdistan Regional Government |
26-Feb-2009 |
312 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis P Chapman; CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WASHINGTON DC
|
| Since 1991, the Kurdistan has enjoyed autonomy from the rest of Iraq. Despite upheavals and setbacks, during this period the Kurds of northern Iraq have established viable government institutions including legally constituted legislative, executive, judiciary, and security entities. These structures were the only state elements in Iraq to remain intact in the aftermath of the 2003 U.S. invasion, and have continued to develop in the intervening 6 years. Their existence ... |
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| Women in Active Combat Roles |
20-Feb-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
C L Bala; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
|
| The female Marine described above is attached to an all-male combat unit. Her primary duty while attached is to search female indigenous personnel that the unit encounters. However, she gets placed in a position where she will be exposed to hostile fire and contact with the enemy. She is forced to defend herself in a manner that is equivalent to serving in a combat MOS by engaging that threat. Despite ... |
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| Disordered Eating and Weight Changes after Deployment: Longitudinal Assessment of a Large US Military Cohort |
04-Feb-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Besa Smith; Tyler C Smith; Margaret A Ryan; Isabel G Jacobson; Edward J Boyko; Timothy S Wells; Paul J Amoroso; Pamela K Keel; Gaston P Bathalon; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The effect of military deployments to combat environments on disordered eating and weight changes is unknown. Using longitudinal data from Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed baseline (2001-2003) and follow-up (2004-2006) questionnaires (n=48,378), the authors investigated new-onset disordered eating and weight changes in a large military cohort. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare these outcomes among those who deployed and reported combat exposures, those who deployed but did not ... |
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| Opportunities to Improve Management of the Quick Response Fund |
29-Jan-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Nancee K Needham; David R Warren; Frank W Slayton; Walter J Franzen; W R Gentry; OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL ARLINGTON VA SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION
|
| The Quick Response Fund program (QRF) was created by the Department of State (DoS) in 2007 to allow Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) in Iraq to support initiatives that promote efforts by community-based leaders and organizations to improve their communities' access to public services, economic opportunities, employment, and education. The U.S. Embassy's Office of Provincial Affairs (OPA) reviews and selects projects and either OPA or the U.S. Agency for International Development ... |
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| The Costs and Benefits of Increasing the Minimum Service Requirement for NROTC Graduates |
Dec-2008 |
97 pages |
| Authors:
Karen J Sankes; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| On 9 June 2008, during the Future Years Defense Program Officer Accessions Brief, the Chief of Naval Personnel requested more information on increasing the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) minimum service requirement (MSR) for newly commissioned officers from four years to five years. The present study used a distributed survey to assess the potential impact of increasing the minimum service obligation on NROTC program recruitment. The survey responses as ... |
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| Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy |
15-Oct-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| U.S. and outside assessments of the effort to stabilize Afghanistan are increasingly negative, to the point where top U.S. commanders say they are not sure the effort is winning and some partner commanders say the effort is being lost. U.S. and outside assessments emphasize a growing sense of insecurity in areas around Kabul previously considered secure, increased numbers of suicide attacks and civilian deaths, and divisions within the NATO alliance ... |
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| The Federal Workforce: Characteristics and Trends |
30-Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Curtis W Copeland; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Understanding the characteristics and trends of the federal workforce is important because, among other things, agencies accomplish their missions via that workforce. Total personnel costs (direct compensation and benefits) for all federal employees (civilian and military, current employees and retirees) were estimated at more than $523 billion in 2008, and civilian personnel costs in the executive branch alone were estimated at about $194 billion. Three cabinet departments the Departments of ... |
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| Patterns of Care and Disparities in the Treatment of Early Breast Cancer |
30-Sep-2008 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Grace Smith; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| Prior research evidence that has suggested that regional variation and socioeconomic barriers in breast cancer treatment remain substantial problems for patients across the nation. The purpose of our project was to characterize national patterns in the treatment of early invasive breast cancer in older women with incident disease. We specifically sought to characterize disparities in care and regional variation in treatment patterns. Methods. We sought to apply a novel resource, ... |
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| Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy |
29-Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| U.S. and outside assessments of the effort to stabilize Afghanistan are increasingly negative, to the point where U.S. commanders say they are not sure the United States and its allies are winning in Afghanistan. Outside studies emphasize a growing sense of insecurity in areas previously considered secure, increased numbers of suicide attacks, and growing divisions within the NATO alliance about total troop contributions and the relative share of combat. Both ... |
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| Military Personnel: Actions Needed to Strengthen Implementation and Oversight of DOD's and the Coast Guard's Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Programs |
10-Sep-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Joanna Chan; Brenda S Farrell; Marilyn K Wasleski; Pawnee A Davis; K N Harms; Wesley A La Due Johnson; Ronald Lake; Amanda K Miller; Cheryl A Weissman; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| In 2004, Congress directed the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish a comprehensive policy to prevent and respond to sexual assaults involving service members. Though not required to do so, the Coast Guard has established a similar policy. This statement addresses implementation and oversight of DoD's and the Coast Guard's programs to prevent and respond to sexual assault incidents. Specifically, it addresses the extent to which DoD and the Coast ... |
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| Identification of New Serum Biomarkers for Early Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis Using Lipid Microarrays |
01-Sep-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Guangwei Du; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK RESEARCH FOUNDATION AT STONY BROOK OFFICE OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS
|
| Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women. Compared with other serum polypeptides, autoantibodies have many appealing features as biomarkers including sensitivity, stability, and easy detection. Anti-lipid autoantibodies are routinely used in the diagnosis of autoimmune disease, but their potential for cancer diagnosis has not been explored. Metabolism of lipids immediately follows cellular stimulation, resulting in various lipid metabolites. Dysregulation of cellular signaling in cancer cells would ... |
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| HER2/Leptin Crosstalk in Breast Cancer |
Sep-2008 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Eva Surmacz; TEMPLE UNIV PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| Obesity in postmenopausal women is associated with increased breast cancer risk, development of more aggressive tumors and resistance to certain anti-breast cancer treatments. These effects might be mediated by obesity hormone leptin. Here we tested if leptin can transactivate the oncogenic receptor HER2. We found that HER2 and the leptin receptor (ObR) are coexpressed in several studied breast cancer cell lines. In MCF-7 cells, HER2 physically interacted with ObR and ... |
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| A Novel Approach to Detect Therapeutic Resistance in Breast Cancer |
Sep-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Kamila Czene; KAROLINSKA INST STOCKHOLM (SWEDEN)
|
| Our aim is to understand whether adjuvant therapy of a first primary breast cancer might predict the prognosis of a metachronous bilateral cancer. Major findings: Our findings support a selection process where adjuvant systemic treatment selectively prevents the occurrence of cancers with a favourable prognosis, allowing those with a more aggressive phenotype to surface clinically. |
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| Predictive Validity of the Air Force Officer Qualifying Test for USAF Air Battle Manager Training Performance |
Sep-2008 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas R Carretta; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| The Air Force Officer Qualifying Test (AFOQT) was validated for the prediction of academic performance during Undergraduate Air Battle Manager (UABM) training. Participants were 680 men and women selected for UABM training on the basis of academic performance, aptitude test scores (i.e., AFOQT), commander's ratings, and medical and physical fitness. The criterion was the mean on several written tests taken during the 9 month UABM training course. Validities were examined ... |
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| International Population Assistance and Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress |
24-Jul-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Luisa Blanchfield; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Since 1965, the U.S. Government has supported international population planning based on principles of volunteerism and informed choice that gives participants access to information on all methods of birth control. This policy, however, has generated contentious debate for over two decades, resulting in frequent clarification and modification of U.S. international family planning programs. In 1984, controversy arose over U.S. population aid policy when the Reagan Administration introduced restrictions, which became ... |
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| Biologic and Computational Modeling of Mammographic Density and Stromal Patterning |
01-Jul-2008 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph Lo; Victoria Seewaldt; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| The goals of this synergistic grant proposal are to develop computational and biological tools to investigate the relationship between mammographic density and short-term breast cancer risk. Here we have worked to correlate computational models of mammographic and stromal patterning with clinical outcome leading to the construction of multi-disciplinary tools for the classification of breast cancer risk and response to prevention strategies. To this end we have currently evaluated mammographic density ... |
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| Enhancing Involvement in Treatment Decision Making by Women with Breast Cancer |
Jul-2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
MaryAnn O'Brien; MCMASTER UNIV HAMILTON (ONTARIO)
|
| Women with breast cancer desire more information about their disease, in part, to be involved in making treatment decisions (TDs). Patient involvement responds to patients desires for autonomy and addresses ethical concerns about rights to make TDs. However, several researchers have reported that patients actual experiences in TDM did not match their preferences. The study objectives are to 1) understand the meaning of involvement in TDM from the perspectives of ... |
|
| The Inflammatory Milieu Permits Metastasis in Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer |
Jul-2008 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Pepper Schedin; COLORADO UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER AURORA CO
|
| Background and Hypothesis: Pregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC) has higher metastatic potential. We propose that the process of mammary gland involution following pregnancy co-opts programs of wound healing and this pro-inflammatory milieu promotes metastasis. The following aims are proposed. Aim 1. Validate in human breast tissue that breast involution has a pro-inflammatory component. Results: CD45 and CD68 positive cells are increased in human involuting brnasts consistent with a pro-inflammatory program. ... |
|
| The Impact of the Navy's Tuition Assistance Program on the Retention and Promotion of First-term Sailors |
12-Jun-2008 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen Mehay; Elda Pema; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND PUBLIC POLICY
|
| This study analyzes the impact of the Navy's Tuition Assistance (TA) program on the retention and job performance of first-term Navy enlisted personnel. Prior studies analyzing the retention effect of the Navy's TA program have produced conflicting results one study finding that participants are more likely to leave the Navy, the other study finding they are more likely to stay. Our analysis of this relationship has several advantages over the ... |
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| Benign Breast Disease: Toward Molecular Prediction of Breast Cancer Risk |
01-Jun-2008 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Lynn C Hartmann; MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER MN
|
| Optimal early detection and prevention strategies for breast cancer are predicated on our ability to identify individuals at significantly increased risk for this disease. The purpose of this Center is to bring molecular risk prediction for breast cancer into the clinical area. This will require progress on three fronts of scientific endeavor:(i) Establishment of a tissue repository of benign breast disease; (ii) Assessment of potential biomarkers of risk in this ... |
|
| Injury Reduction Effectiveness of Prescribing Running Shoes Based on Foot Shape in Basic Combat Training |
01-Jun-2008 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Salima Darakjy; Keith G Hauret; Nakia Clemmons; Steve Tobler; Kelly Williams; Tyson Grier; Joseph J Knapik; David Swedler; Mark Lester; Steven H Bullock; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| In Basic Combat Training (BCT) running shoes are prescribed based on plantar foot shape (reflecting longitudinal arch height). In response to a request from the Military Training Task Force of the Defense Safety Oversight Council this study examined whether or not this prescription technique influenced injury risk. After foot examinations BCT recruits in an experimental group (E, n=1,079 men, 456 women) were prescribed motion control stability or cushioned shoes for ... |
|
| Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer by Mimicking the Protective Effect of Early First Birth |
01-Jun-2008 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Malcolm C Pike; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
|
| We have successfully shown that in the rat estradiol, estradiol plus progesterone, and beta-HCG is protective against carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis. Progesterone alone was not protective; perphenazine was partially protective. Treatment and pregnancy induced RNA gene expression changes have been identified. Work on finding the lowest effective dose of estrogen has started. We have continued to collect normal breast tissue from women undergoing elective reduction mammoplasty. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptors and ... |
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| Using the Internet to Collaborate with Consumers in Redefining a Psychosocial Agenda for Families with Hereditary Breast Cancer |
01-Jun-2008 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
James C Coyne; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA
|
| Women at increased risk of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancers (HBOC) and their families face dilemmas about testing risk management and family dissemination of results. They face problems regarding the accuracy of the information they have received difficulties accessing new information and specialized services and resistance and misinformation from inadequately informed health care professionals in the community. Thus they are forced to develop their own informal means of individual and ... |
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| One-Carbon Metabolism and Breast Cancer Survival in a Population-Based Study |
01-Jun-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jia Chen; MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEW YORK
|
| The 5-year survival rate for BC among US women has increased from 75% during 1974-76 to 85% during 1989-95. Despite such marked improvement BC is still the leading cause of cancer mortality among women 20 - 59 years of age and the second leading cause of cancer mortality among all women. Disease-free survival after BC treatment is likely predicted by both tumor characteristics and host factors. The clinical and pathologic ... |
|
| Improvised Explosive Devices: Booklet of Related Readings 25 |
20 MAY 2008 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
French MacLean; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC FEDERAL RESEARCH DIV
|
| This booklet represents the 25th in a series of compilations of print and electronic articles that are relevant to the defeat of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) that insurgent and terrorist operatives use to kill and injure U.S. military forces and civilian populations. section contains abstracts of the articles included in the booklet in alphabetical order. The articles are as follows: "Acquiring Women's Rights in Saudi Arabia: Between Gradualism and Haste," ... |
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| Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy |
15 MAY 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| U.S. and outside assessments of the effort to stabilize Afghanistan are mixed and subject to debate; the Administration notes progress on reconstruction, governance, and security in many areas of Afghanistan, particularly the U.S.-led eastern sector of Afghanistan. However, recent outside studies contain relatively pessimistic assessments, emphasizing a growing sense of insecurity in areas previously considered secure, increased numbers of suicide attacks, increasing aggregate poppy cultivation, and growing divisions within the ... |
|
| The Red Scourge Returns: The Strategic Challenge of Maoist Insurgency in India and South Asia |
09-May-2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
William R Florig; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| With the United States and other powers focused on the struggle against Islamic terrorism and insurgency, the effects of globalization have swelled the ranks of Maoist insurgents in India and South Asia. The response of some marginalized peoples in these countries, having been abandoned by their national socioeconomic and political systems, is to look to the alternative system provided by Maoist insurgents who are creating a counter-state to address societal ... |
|
| The Hygiene Hypothesis and Breast Cancer: A Novel Application of an Etiologic Theory for Allergies, Asthma, and Other Immune Disorders |
01-May-2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Christina A Clarke; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CANCER CENTER FREMONT CA
|
| The hygiene hypothesis , the idea that reduced exposure to important microbes, especially in childhood, impacts development of asthma and allergies, may have application to breast cancer. This research project aims to explore the hygiene hypothesis as it might relate to breast cancer development, thereby assessing its utility for more comprehensive future research. This research project aimed to interview a population-based series of Californian women recently diagnosed with breast cancer ... |
|
| Hypermethylation of AP-2Alpha as a Prognostic Marker for DCIS |
May-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen B Baylin; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| This proposal was initially based on the IDEA award concept that the abnormal gene promoter DNA methylation status of the AP2 gene might predict which DCIS lesions in women would be at risk for the evolution of recurrence and/or emergence of invasive cancer. As the work progressed the concept was expanded to include the DNA methylation status of additional genes for this purpose and also for the purpose of predicting ... |
|
| Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy |
30 APR 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| U.S. and outside assessments of the effort to stabilize Afghanistan are mixed and subject to debate; the Administration notes progress on reconstruction, governance, and security in many areas of Afghanistan, particularly the U.S.-led eastern sector of Afghanistan. However, a November 2007 Bush Administration review of U.S. efforts in Afghanistan reportedly concluded that overall progress was inadequate. This mirrors recent outside studies that contain relatively pessimistic assessments, emphasizing a growing sense ... |
|
| BATTLE: Biomarker-Based Approaches of Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer Elimination |
01-Apr-2008 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Roy Herbst; Li Mao; Edward Kim; Waun Ki Hong; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in both men and women in the United States. Chemotherapy has reached its limit in improving the survival of lung cancer patients. Therefore, a different strategy must be waged in the battle against lung cancer. Targeted therapy, a newly emerged therapeutic approach in lung cancer, has succeeded in some cancer types and demonstrated its initial success in the treatment of lung ... |
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