| Evaluation of the Weather Research and Forecast Model Over Dugway, Utah During 2009 |
Nov-2009 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Dumais; Robert Flanigan; Barbara Sauter; Jeffrey Passner; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE
|
 | The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) performed numerous case studies of the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at horizontal resolutions of 3 and 1 km to better understand weather output for military use. ARL's devised model sensitivity experiments of several WRF parameterizations including the vertical resolution of 40, 60, and 80 levels, model time steps of 9 and 3 seconds, three different explicit microphysics, ... |
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| Local-Rapid Evaluation of Atmospheric Conditions (L-REAC) System, Design and Development. Volume 1 (Proof-of-Concept) |
Sep-2009 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Sean O'Brien; Sean D'Arcy; Robert Brice; Gail Vaucher; Manny Bustillos; Lou Luces; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE
|
| The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been investigating various aspects of the urban environment, including the airflow and stability characterization around a single urban building. Experience and results from these studies have lead to a decision maker tool called the Local-Rapid Evaluation of Atmospheric Conditions (L-REAC) System. The ultimate goal for L-REAC is to improve soldier/civilian situational awareness of environmental hazards during potentially life-threatening events. L-REAC is composed of ... |
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| Determining Route Survey Periodicity for Mine Warfare: Investigation of Bedforms, Waves, Tides, and Currents |
Sep-2009 |
126 pages |
| Authors:
Nicola S Wheatley; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| To retain maritime security, an up-to-date database of mine countermeasures route surveys is essential. In 2005, the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) developed a GIS weighted suitability model to determine survey periodicity; allowing optimization of survey resources, increasing time and cost efficiency. The U.S. currently has no such model. Bedforms are an integral part of the survey periodicity problem. Sediment grain size, tides, currents, and wind-generated waves are influential in ... |
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| Surface Wind Field Analyses of Tropical Cyclones During TCS-08: Relative Impacts of Aircraft and Remotely-Sensed Observations |
Sep-2009 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick J Havel; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
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| The objective of this research is to investigate tropical cyclone wind field structure and development utilizing comprehensive observation sets collected during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS-08) and The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC). Rare aircraft measurements in the western North Pacific are utilized to define surface wind distributions of TY Nuri, TY Sinlaku, and STY Jangmi. Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) surface ... |
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| An Ocean Sensor Array to Detect Small-Scale Variability |
Jul-2009 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Janet Sprintall; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA
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| The specific objectives of this DURIP project were to provide direct measurements of velocity and currents in narrow straits with shallow sill depths in order to: (1) Examine the relative roles of the tidal and longer timescale flows in the generation and evolution of the small-scale dynamical flow features in straits; (2) Determine how the small-scale features evolve with observed across- and along-strait variation in sea level and the corresponding ... |
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| Drag and Atmospheric Neutral Density Explorer (DANDE) |
04-Jun-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Chris Koehler; Lee Jasper; Kyle Kemble; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER
|
| Within the past 14 months the DANDE project has progressed significantly. January through April of 2008 consisted of preparation for CDR where primary modeling and design of the major components for DANDE were completed. A vibration test had also occurred in March 2008 which showed promising results, however the structure had to be stiffened at all axes. The months of May through August 2008 were spent completing FlatSat revisions of ... |
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| Preliminary VHF Radar and High-Data-Rate Optical Turbulence Profile Observations Using a Balloon-Ring Platform: Post Print |
01-Jun-2009 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Frank D Eaton; Gregory D Nastrom; Demos T Kyrazis; Don G Black; Wiley T Black; R A Black; NASTROM CONSULTING LLC SAINT CLOUD MN
|
| A recent measurement campaign at Vandenberg Air Force Base involved taking simultaneous observations with a VHF radar and high-data-rate (1-micron diameter) platinum wires to sense optical turbulence (from temperature fluctuations). The radar observations produce profiles of the refractive index structure parameter, the turbulent kinetic energy, the eddy dissipation rate, the inner scale, the outer scale of turbulence, and wind speed and direction to an altitude of 20 km AGL. The ... |
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| Climate Analysis and Long Range Forecasting of Dust Storms in Iraq |
Jun-2009 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Jacquelyn Crook; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Skillful long range forecasts of dust storms have the potential to be very useful in planning operations by the Department of Defense (DoD) and other organizations. Our study assessed the potential to predict Iraq dust storms at long lead times (e.g., several weeks to several months). We examined two variables that associated with dust storms: precipitation rate and surface winds. To characterize conditions during dust storms, we generated averages (conditional ... |
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| Interaction of Hurricane Katrina with Optically Complex Water in the Gulf of Mexico: Interpretation Using Satellite-Derived Inherent Optical Properties and Chlorophyll Concentration |
Apr-2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Lyon; James Acker; Frank Hoge; Suhung Shen; Mitchell Roffer; Greg Gawlikowski; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| When Hurricane Katrina passed over southern Florida, Florida Bay and the West Florida Shelf, and into the Gulf of Mexico, empirically derived chl a increases were observed in the Tortugas Gyre circulation feature, and in adjacent waters. Analysis of the empirically derived chl a increase within the gyre has been primarily attributed to initiation of a phytoplankton bloom promoted by nutrients upweiled by Katrina's winds. Detailed analysis of inherent optical ... |
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| Energy Security and National Security; Securing U.S. Energy Resources |
19-Mar-2009 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
David Williams; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The United States has long been dependent on foreign oil and foreign energy sources. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007) identified multiple areas in which the United States should focus to become more energy independent. Throughout the course of the historic 2008 Presidential primaries and Presidential campaign, one of the common themes and promises from each candidate was to set a course for the United States ... |
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| CBLAST Data Analysis: Air-Sea Interaction Floats |
19-Mar-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Eric J Terrill; SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA JOLLA CA MARINE PHYSICAL LAB
|
| The objective of this program is to analyze data from the deployment of a class of low-cost instruments that were deployed into hurricanes during the Coupled Boundary Layer Air Sea Transfer (CBLAST) initiative. Measurements of the air-sea interface in very high sea states present a difficult challenge for both remote sensing techniques and in-situ moored or shipboard instrumentation. With significant effort and cost, moorings and surface buoys can be designed ... |
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| Using the Advanced Research Version of the Weather Research and Forecast Model in Support of ScanEagle Unmanned Aircraft System Test Flights |
Mar-2009 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Flanigan; Jeffrey E Passner; Robert E Jr; Dumais; Stephen Kirby; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE
|
| The U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) supported unmanned aircraft flights in a specified airspace domain at Yuma Proving Ground (YPG) in November and December 2007. The Battlefield Environment Division of the Computational and Information Sciences Directorate (CISD), Army Research Laboratory (ARL), was asked to provide real-time meteorological modeling support and weather products such as low-level wind and turbulence forecasts at YPG to help determine areas and ... |
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| Assessment of Weather Sensitivites and Air Force Weather (AFW) Support to Tactical Lasers in the Lower Troposphere |
Mar-2009 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Francesco J Echeverria; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT/DEPT OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS
|
| ATL scientists need to develop a full understanding of the interaction effects between a high-energy laser beam and the atmosphere through which it propagates. Achieving this understanding is important for many reasons. In particular, the high cost of DE weapons systems makes each propagation event expensive. Having an understanding of the atmosphere in which a high-energy laser propagates will increase efficiency and effectiveness of the ATL weapon system, which in ... |
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| Cost Analysis of Electric Grid Enhancement Utilizing Distributed Generation in Post-War Reconstruction |
Mar-2009 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Darol D Fiala; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have presented significant civil infrastructure rebuilding challenges to these nations, as well as to the United States, coalition allies, and the United Nations. Iraqi and Afghan critical infrastructure has been destroyed, or fallen into disrepair, due to years of war, international sanctions, sabotage and neglect. Electrical infrastructure, in particular, is a critical economic and social component that is failing to meet the essential ... |
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| Coastal Jets and Their Interactions Along the Central California Coastline |
Mar-2009 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Liam J Lynam; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis research focuses on the cause of strong southerly winds around the Monterey Peninsula and particularly on the effects of winter storms that produced strong southerly winds. The high-wind events from 2005 through 2008 were analyzed. During this period, 16 cases were identified that met the criteria of high winds around the Monterey Peninsula. From the 16 cases, three cases were chosen to complete a detailed analysis of the ... |
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| Estimation of Weapon Yield From Inversion of Dose Rate Contours |
Mar-2009 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
Buckley E O'Day; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This research studies the uncertainty in yield estimation from inversion of dose rate contours. The Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability (HPAC) and a simple FORTRAN95 based Fallout Deposition Code (FDC) are used to recreate dose rate contours from historic nuclear tests. Fallout footprints from six atomic tests are recreated using balloon wind soundings and high resolution mesoscale weather reanalysis data. Dose rate contour plots are created for different yields for ... |
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| Waypoint Generation Based on Sensor Aimpoint |
Mar-2009 |
173 pages |
| Authors:
Shannon M Farrel; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| This research develops waypoint generation algorithms required to keep a point of interest (POI) in the field of view (FOV) of a fixed sensor on a micro air vehicle (MAV), in the presence of a constant wind. The waypoint generation algorithms establish waypoints such that a fixed sensor on a MAV at that waypoint and assumed attitude would be pointed directly at the POI. Two scenarios are explored: one where ... |
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| United States Government Support of Pickens' Energy Plan |
18-Feb-2009 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew N Smith; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Billionaire T. Boone Pickens began a media campaign in July, 2008 to convince the American public and U.S. Congress that the nation should embark on a plan to displace one-third of its oil imports with wind energy within ten years. The plan calls for wind turbines to generate 20 percent of the nation's electricity. This new wind energy will free natural gas, currently used in electricity generation, to replace 47 ... |
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| TWAVE: A Modeling System for Flooding and Inundation of Islands by Tropical Storms |
Jan-2009 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
Zeki Demirbilek; Jane M Smith; Alejandro Sanchez; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
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| This report, the first of a series, describes the coastal modeling package TWAVE (Typhoon and WAVE) developed under the Surge and Wave Island Modeling Studies (SWIMS) project capable of modeling tropical cyclone winds, waves, storm surge, and coastal inundation. The TWAVE flood and inundation package is a practice-oriented engineering modeling tool. The first version of TWAVE is described in this report and will be updated based on user feedback in ... |
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| User's Manual for the Polar Ice Prediction System (PIPS) Version 3.0 |
05-Nov-2008 |
84 pages |
| Authors:
E J Metzger; Lucy F Smedstad; Suzanne N Carroll; Pamela G Posey; Ruth H Preller; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The Polar Ice Prediction System (PIPS) Version 3.0 is a dynamic sea-ice model that forecasts conditions in all sea-ice covered areas in the northern hemisphere (down to 30 degrees north in latitude). It has a horizontal resolution of approximately 9 km. The vertical resolution in the model has been set at 45 levels so that Arctic shelves, continental slopes, and submarine ridges are accurately represented. Currently, the domain includes the ... |
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| White Sands Missile Range 2007 Urban Study: Data Processing - Volume DP-2 (Main Dataset) |
01-Sep-2008 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Manuel Bustillos; Sean D'Arcy; Robert Brice; Gail Vaucher; Ron Cionco; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE
|
| This report (Volume DP-2) completes the initial series of White Sands Missile Range 2007 Urban Study (W07US) documentation. The term "data processing" can generate a wide variety of expectations across the many scientific disciplines. for W07US, data processing included all actions leading to the most informative quality data output relevant to the mission objectives. Thus, the data processing task began with the inception of the field study, continued through the ... |
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| A Probabilistic Approach to Tropical Cyclone Conditions of Readiness (TCCOR) |
01-Sep-2008 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth A Wallace; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Tropical Cyclone Conditions of Readiness (TCCOR) are set at DoD installations in the Western Pacific to convey the risk associated with the onset of destructive winds from approaching tropical cyclones. In this thesis, the methods by which TCCOR are set were analyzed to determine if objective and/or probabilistic guidance could improve the process. The Tropical Prediction Utility (TPU) was developed by forecasters at Yokosuka, JA and the Joint Typhoon Warning ... |
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| Investigating Characteristics of Air-Sea Interactions in the Wave and Surface Layers |
02-Jul-2008 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Jielun Sun; NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH BOULDER CO MESOSCALE AND MICROSCALE METEOROLOGY DIV
|
| We were funded to participate in the Coupled Boundary Layers/Air-Sea Transfer under low wind (CBLAST-Low) pilot experiment in 2001 and main experiment in 2003 and analyze the data collected from both field campaigns. Our focuses are air-sea interactions under weak winds by analyzing simultaneous measurements of directional waves and atmospheric turbulence. We found that air-sea interactions strongly depend on whether the oceanic wave energy peak is dominated by swell or ... |
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| Modeling the Electrodynamics of the Low-Latitude Ionosphere |
01-Jul-2008 |
201 pages |
| Authors:
Christian S Wohlwend; UTAH STATE UNIV LOGAN
|
| The electrodynamics of the Earth's low-latitude ionosphere is dependent on the ionospheric conductivity and the thermospheric neutral density, temperature, and winds present. This two-part study focused on the gravity wave seeding mechanism of equatorial plasma depletions in the ionosphere and the associated-equatorial spread F, as well as the differences between a two-dimensional flux tube integrated electrodynamics model and a three-dimensional model for the same time period. The gravity wave seeding ... |
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| Summer Generation of the Southern Gulf of California Eddy Train |
24-Jun-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Luis Zamudio; Patrick J Hogan; E J Metzger; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
 | Ocean color and sea surface temperature satellite-observations show the existence of a series of anticyclonic eddies along the axis of the southern Gulf of California (SGOC). To investigate the summer generation of these eddies, a regional version of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) has been configured for the GOC and has been nested inside the global model. A Suite of experiments, using the nested GOC model, was developed and ... |
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| A Nested Grid Model of the Oregon Coastal Transition Zone: Simulations and Comparisons with Observations During the 2001 Upwelling Season |
10-Apr-2008 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
S R Springer; R M Samelson; J S Allen; G D Egbert; A L Kurapov; R N Miller; J C Kindle; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| The Oregon Coastal Transition Zone (OCTZ) extends several hundred kilometers offshore where shelf flows interact with the northern California Current. A primitive-equation numerical ocean model is used to study the upwelling circulation in this region from May 1 to November 1, 2001. This OCTZ model obtains initial and boundary conditions from a larger-scale model of the California Current System and forcing from a regional atmospheric model product. The model results ... |
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| Air-Sea Stability Effects on the 10 m Winds Over the Global Ocean: Evaluations of Air-Sea Flux Algorithms |
09 APR 2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Ahmet B. Kara; Alan J. Wallcraft; Mark A. Bourassa; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Spatial and temporal variability of the impact of air-sea stratification on the differences between satellite-derived 10 m equivalent neutral wind speeds and stability-dependent (e.g., in situ) 10 m wind speeds are quantitatively examined over the global ocean. The influences of stability are compared with three air-sea flux algorithms, Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (version 3.0), Bourassa-Vincent-Wood, and Liu-Katsaros-Businger. Analyses are first presented at many individual buoy locations and then are extended ... |
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| Building the Holocene Clinothem in the Gulf of Papua: An Ocean Circulation Study |
28 MAR 2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Rudy Slingerland; Robert W. Selover; Andrea S. Ogston; Timothy R. Keen; Neal W. Driscoll; John D. Milliman; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| This paper investigated the role that tidal and wind-driven flows and buoyant river plumes play in the development of the Holocene clinothem in the Gulf of Papua. Time series data from bottom tripods and a mooring were obtained at four locations near the mouth of the Fly River during portions of 2003 and 2004. Flows in the Gulf of Papua during calendar year 2003 were hindcast every 3 h using ... |
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| Evaluation of Daytime Boundary Layer Heights from a Mesoscale Model Using Profilers/RASS Measurements |
01 MAR 2008 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
Lindsay A. Bloch; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis study focuses on the evaluation of the boundary layer height (BLH) diagnosed from a mesoscale model in comparison to wind profiler/Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) measurements from the profiler site at Miramar Marine Corps Station (MMR). This objective is met through validation of the observed BLH and evaluations of the model BLH using the observed BLH's. In particular, two methods, one uses Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) from the profiler, and ... |
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| The Use of Sand Fences in Barrier Island Restoration: Experience on the Louisiana Coast |
MAR 2008 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Syed M. Khalil; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| This System-Wide Water Resources (SWWRP) technical note describes experiences with sand fences to reduce losses by wind-blown sand transport on restored barrier islands in Louisiana. Seven installations of sand fences with various plan view orientations and cross-sectional designs are reviewed. Recommendations are given for use of sand fences in conjunction with restoration of barrier island systems. |
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| Extensible 3D (X3D) Graphics Clouds for Geographic Information Systems |
MAR 2008 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Darren W. Murphy; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This research evaluates the production of three dimensional (3D) clouds for geospatial viewing programs such as Google Earth, NASA World Wind, and X3D Earth. This thesis took advantage of iso-standard X3D graphics and X3D Edit in conjunction with manually produced image textures to represent 3D clouds. While a 3D geospatial viewing might never completely characterize the current state of the atmosphere, a sufficiently realistic virtual 3D rendering can be created ... |
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| Atmospheric Effects on Winter SO2 Pollution in Lanzhou China |
01-Jan-2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Yuchun Chen; Shihua Lu; Peter C Chu; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA NAVAL OCEAN ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION LAB
|
| Lanzhou is one of the most polluted cities in China SO2 concentration has evident seasonal variability It is generally within the second-level criterion (< 0.15 mg m sub-3) in spring, summer, and fall, but is much higher than the second-level criterion and sometimes reaches mid level pollution (API > 200) in winter Meteorological conditions (low winds, stable stratification) are found to be important for the SO2 pollution Observational and modeling ... |
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| South China Sea Wave Characteristics During Typhoon Muifa Passage in Winter 2004 |
01-Jan-2008 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Kuo-Feng Cheng; Peter C Chu; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA NAVAL OCEAN ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION LAB
|
| Ocean wave characteristics in the western Atlantic Ocean (Hurricane Region) to tropical cyclones have been investigated extensively, but not the regional seas in the western Pacific such as the South China Sea (Typhoon Region). This is due to the lack of observational and modeling studies in western Pacific regional seas. To fill this gap, Wavewatch-III (WW3) is used to study the response of the South China Sea (SCS) to Typhoon ... |
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| AY 2007-2008 Achieving U.S. Energy Security: Energy Industry Sector Report Seminar 8 |
01-Jan-2008 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
INDUSTRIAL COLL OF THE ARMED FORCES WASHINGTON DC
|
| The source of U.S. national security strength stems in large part from the nation's economic foundation; the ability to generate and exploit inexpensive energy underpins that strength. Therefore, the United States has a vital interest in ensuring the viability and stability of the global energy system and securing its energy security. This Industrial College of the Armed Forces Energy Industry paper analyzes the energy sector and grapples with how to ... |
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| Nesting the Gulf of Mexico in Atlantic HYCOM: Oceanographic Processes Generated by Hurricane Ivan |
01-Jan-2008 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Luis Zamudio; Patrick J Hogan; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) has been configured for the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) at 1/250 horizontal grid resolution and has been nested inside a basin-scale 1/120 Atlantic version of HYCOM. The 1/250 nested GOM model is used to study temperature variations, current patterns, transport variations, and two coastal-trapped waves (CTWs) generated by Hurricane Ivan during mid September 2004. The model results indicate that the winds generated by Ivan: ... |
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| Ensemble-Based Estimates of the Predictability of Wind-Driven Coastal Ocean Flow Over Topography |
Jan-2008 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Chris Snyder; R M Samelson; Sangil Kim; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| The predictability of coastal ocean circulation over the central Oregon shelf, a region of strong wind-driven currents and variable topography, is studied using ensembles of 50-day primitive-equation ocean model simulations with realistic topography, simplified lateral boundary conditions, and forcing from both idealized and observed wind time-series representative of the summer upwelling season. The main focus is on the balance, relevant to practical predictability, between deterministic response to known or well-predicted ... |
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| Afforestation for Reduction of NOx Concentration in Lanzhou China |
2008 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Peter C. Chu; Yuchun Chen; Shihua Lu; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA NAVAL OCEAN ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION LAB
|
| Lanzhou is one of the major industrial cities in northwest China, the capital of Gansu Province, and located at a northwest-to-southeast oriented valley basin with elevation about 1,500-1,600-m. Due to topographic and meteorological characteristics, Lanzhou is one of the most polluted cities in China Meteorological conditions (low winds, stable stratification especially inversion), pollutant sources and sinks affect the air quality Lanzhou government carried out afforestation and pollutant-source reduction (closing several ... |
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| Makef22: An ADCIRC Model Fort.22 Input File Creation Tool for Surface Wind and Pressure Forcing |
07 DEC 2007 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Cheryl A. Blain; Robert S. Linzell; Brett Estrade; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEAN DYNAMICS AND PREDICTION BRANCH
|
| The User's Manual for the Makef22 software tool, makef22.pl, contains descriptions of the software, including its functionality and usage. The Makef22 software is a Perl-based program that creates an ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) Model Surface Wind and Pressure Forcing file (fort.22) using the NWS=2 option. The software was developed for ADCIRC version 45.11. In addition to the creation of fort.22 files, the Makef22 utility also can read and process an existing ... |
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| Detection of Nuclear Explosions Using Infrasound Techniques |
01 DEC 2007 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
D. R. Christie; B. L. Kennett; AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIV CANBERRA RESEARCH SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES
|
| The performance of typical IMS infrasound monitoring stations has been examined in detail in order to evaluate the detection capability of the global network for regional and distant nuclear explosions. Three significant problems have been identified: a) problems with the loss of higher frequency signal components in the primary monitoring passband, b) detection problems associated with a low degree of signal coherence between array elements and c) problems with high ... |
|
| Non Linear Internal Waves: Modeling of Their Influence on Acoustic Mode Energy Fluctuations and Characterization Using SAR Systems |
DEC 2007 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Alban Simon; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Non Linear Internal Waves (NLIW) are ubiquitous and appear wherever a proper combination of stratified water, current and bathymetry occur. In recent years, they have also been proven of primary interest for acoustic oceanography, since they are known to play an important role in sound speed fluctuations in shallow waters. The predictability of acoustic variability caused by these waves has been somewhat limited, and largely based on direct numerical simulation. ... |
|
| Measurements of Storm and Nonstorm Circulation in the Northern Adriatic: October 2002 Through April 2003 |
16 NOV 2007 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey W. Book; Richard P. Signell; Henry Perkins; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Fifteen bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers were deployed from October 2002 through April 2003 in the northern Adriatic Sea. Average transport from the portion of the Western Adriatic Current (WAC) along the Italian slope was 0.1470 +/- 0.0043 Sv, punctuated by bursts of more than twice that amount during storm events. Monthly means were calculated with times f strong wind-driven circulation excluded. These suggest a 2002/2003 seasonal separation consisting of ... |
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| Validation of the Global Relocatable Tide/Surge Model PCTides |
17 OCT 2007 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Pamela G. Posey; Richard A. Allard; Ruth H. Preller; Gretchen M. Dawson; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed a global, relocatable, tide/surge forecast system called PCTides. This system was designed in response to a U.S. Navy requirement to rapidly produce tidal predictions anywhere in the world. The system is composed of a two-dimensional barotropic ocean model driven by tidal forcing only or in conjunction with surface wind and pressure forcing. PCTides is unique in its ability to forecast tidal parameters for ... |
|
| TNT07 MIO San Francisco Bay, Atmospheric Effects After Action Report |
12 OCT 2007 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Guest; Kenneth Davidson; Mary Jordan; Richard Lind; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The authors participated in four Tactical Network Topology Marine Interdiction Operations (TNT MIOs) during FY 2007. The overall goals of the authors TNT MIO studies were (1) to provide military and law enforcement personnel with real time and future information on how the environment will affect marine interdiction operations and (2) to develop, verify and improve models and procedures used in (1) by comparing predictions with actual in situ observations. ... |
|
| Cold Regions: Instrumentation Operation and Use. Test Operations Procedure (TOP) 1-1-004 |
10 OCT 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY COLD REGIONS TEST CENTER FORT GREELY AK
|
| This Test Operating Procedure (TOP) provides background information on the problems and adaptations associated with instrumentation, photographic, and video equipment required for conducting tests in cold regions. Basic information and procedures are presented as general guidelines to planning and using instrumentation systems for cold environments. Further information regarding cold temperature effects is contained in Army Material Command Pamphlet (AMCP) 706-116, Engineering Design Handbook, Environmental Series, Part Two, Natural Environmental Factors, ... |
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| Mountain Wave Analysis Using Fourier Methods |
01 OCT 2007 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
John R. Roadcap; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| Eigenanalysis of temperature and wind profiles can reveal distinct resonances at mesoscale wavelengths. Fourier transform methods are well suited to analyze resonant modes such as mountain waves due, in part, to (1) their fast computation speed for large wave number domains compared to numerical forecast models and (2) their requirements for only a coarse horizontal background state. Common traits of Fourier mountain wave models include use of the Boussinesq approximation ... |
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| Ocean Circulation and Dynamics on the West Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf |
SEP 2007 |
189 pages |
| Authors:
Carlos F. Varas; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE JOINT PROGRAM IN APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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| Observations of current velocity, temperature, salinity and pressure from a 2-year moored array deployment and four hydrographic cruises conducted by the United States Southern Ocean GLOBEC program on the western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf are used to characterize the ocean circulation and its connection to fresh water and heat fluxes on the shelf. Mean velocities on the shelf are of the order of 5 cm/s or less. Tidal motions are ... |
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| Full-Plane STWAVE with Bottom Friction. 2. Model Overview |
AUG 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jane McKee Smith; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| The purpose of this System-Wide Water Resources (SWWRP) Technical Note is to describe the full-plane version of the STWAVE wave generation and transformation model (Smith et al. 2001; Smith 2001; Smith and Smith 2002; and Smith and Zundel 2006). |
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| Wave and Beach Processes Modeling for Sabine Pass to Galveston Bay, Texas, Shoreline Erosion Feasibility Study |
AUG 2007 |
164 pages |
| Authors:
David B. King; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
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| This report describes the STWAVE/GENESIS modeling, the SBEACH modeling, and the related technical analysis that the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center's Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory has provided the U.S. Army Engineer District, Galveston, in support of their feasibility project: Sabine Pass to Galveston Bay, Texas Shoreline Erosion Feasibility Study. The main goal of this effort has been to set up and calibrate the numerical models so that they ... |
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| Dynamics of the Northwest Australian Shelf and Slope |
31 JUL 2007 |
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| Authors:
Kenneth H. Brink; David C. Chapman; R. K. Shearman; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| We seek to understand shelf and shelf-edge phenomena associated with regional-scale currents, buoyancy forcing, wind forcing and mesoscale variability. We thus carried out a set of highly resolved physical oceanographic measurements off the northwestern coast of Australia during June-July, 2003. Among other sampling approaches, our primary sampling tool was the SeaSoar towed undulating platform which allows rapid, highly resolved sampling. During austral winter, winds were weak, but the air was ... |
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| Wind Profiles in Gentle Terrains and Vegetative Canopies for a Three-Dimensional Wind Field (3DWF) Model |
JUL 2007 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Yansen Wang; Ronald Cionco; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES DIR
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| The objective of this study is to establish a simple wind profile parameterization for the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's (ARL) diagnostic Three-Dimensional Wind Field (3DWF) Model in gentle terrain and vegetation canopies. The Project Wind in Non-uniform Domains (WIND) data was applied for the analysis of wind profiles in open terrain, forest edge, and the interior of forest. A wind profile parameterization scheme was proposed according to this analysis and ... |
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