| Critical Infrastructures: Background, Policy, and Implementation |
12-Nov-2009 |
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| Authors:
John D Moteff; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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 | The nation's health, wealth, and security rely on the production and distribution of certain goods and services. The array of physical assets, functions, and systems across which these goods and services move are called critical infrastructures (e.g., electricity, the power plants that generate it, and the electric grid upon which it is distributed). The national security community has been concerned for some time about the vulnerability of critical infrastructure to ... |
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| SMART: Security Measurements and Assuring Reliability Through Metrics Technology |
Nov-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne Zage; Dolores Zage; BALL STATE UNIV MUNCIE IN
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 | Battlefield operations in the foreseeable future will depend heavily on network-centric computing systems that link a diverse multitude of geographically dispersed resources, operating on widely varied platforms, into a cohesive fighting force. The warfighter at all levels will depend on these unified systems to conduct successful multi-force operations in the 4-dimensional battle space. Such complex and widely dispersed operations expose network-based systems to unprecedented levels of reliability and security risks. ... |
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| Considering Software Protection for Embedded Systems |
Oct-2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Yong C Kim; J T McDonald; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| Software in modern embedded systems is often realized by using prefabricated reconfigurable computing devices such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Such devices support the use of portable hardware description languages and, as a result, have vulnerabilities consistent with normal software applications. In this article, we consider the nature of adversarial reverse-engineering attacks in this environment and measures of protection. |
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| DEFENSE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE: Actions Needed to Improve the Identificaiton and Management of Electrical Power Risks and Vulnerabilities to DOD Critical Assets |
Oct-2009 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
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| The Department of Defense (DOD) relies on a global network of defense critical infrastructure so essential that the incapacitation, exploitation, or destruction of an asset within this network could severely affect DOD's ability to deploy, support, and sustain its forces and operations worldwide and to implement its core missions, including those in Iraq and Afghanistan as well as its homeland defense and strategic missions. In October 2008, DOD identified its ... |
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| Panel on Emerging Petroleum and Natural Gas Issues |
30-Sep-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Adam Sieminski; DEUTSCHE BANK FANKFURT (GERMANY)
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| ENERGY SECURITY: What's it all about? CHURCHILL'S LAW: Safety and certainty in oil lie in variety and variety alone. THATCHER'S LAW: The unexpected happens. You had better prepare for it. PALMERSTON'S LAW: We have no eternal allies and no perpetual enemies. Our interests are perpetual and eternal. VULNERABILITY: Rise in import quantity and balance of payments/currency issues; Disruptions/market failures; Political turmoil; Prince spikes/market pressures; Homeland infrastructure. TRADITIONAL RESPONSES TO ENERGY ... |
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| Probabilistic Treatment of Airlift Delivery |
Sep-2009 |
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| Authors:
W L Greer; A I Kaufman; INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES ALEXANDRIA VA
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| Traditionally, a deterministic simulation is used to estimate airborne cargo and passenger delivery in wartime scenarios. Deterministic models address reliability by removing the number of non-mission capable aircraft from the total possessed numbers at the very beginning of the delivery process. Only mission capable (MC) aircraft, minus any special mission withholds, are used in the model. Most important, once an aircraft is deemed to be MC, it never fails anywhere ... |
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| An Assessment of Vulnerabilities for Ship-based Control Systems |
Sep-2009 |
193 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Bensing; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Growing asymmetric threats, such as international terrorism, have replaced the hostile nation-state as the adversary of choice. As embodied by the September 11 attacks, the United States now faces enemies that seek to create havoc and disruption in nontraditional ways. This new adversarial paradigm makes the protection of the critical infrastructure of the nation even more important than ever. Unfortunately, this is the nation's soft underbelly. Computer-based control systems form ... |
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| Computational Algebraic Attacks on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) |
Sep-2009 |
121 pages |
| Authors:
Mantzouris Panteleimon; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| This thesis examines the vulnerability of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to algebraic attacks. It will explore how strong the Rijndael algorithm must be in order to secure important federal information. There are several algebraic methods of attack that can be used to break a specific cipher, such as Buchburger's and Faugere's F4 and F5 methods. The method to be used and evaluated in this thesis is the Multiple Right ... |
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| Cost Benefit Analysis of Integrated COTS Energy- Related Technologies for Army's Force Provider Module |
Sep-2009 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
Allen Rivera; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| This study evaluates the capability of several energy efficient and renewable technologies that will potentially improve the operational readiness of the current Army expeditionary shelter system. The two major motivations of this objective are decreasing the shelter's heavy dependence on generator use and lessening the tactical vulnerabilities in operating the systems in austere environments. Furthermore, this study determines whether a portfolio of these commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies is a good financial ... |
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| Document-Based and Message-Centric Security Using XML Authentication and Encryption for Coalition and Interagency Operations |
Sep-2009 |
228 pages |
| Authors:
William; Jeffrey S Sr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA MODELING VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS AND SIMULATION (MOVES)
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| Different agencies and different nations are not able to securely communicate and share structured information due to differences in security policies and data formats. The current evolution of security and data policies is not solving this fundamental problem. Document-based message-centric XML security can provide satisfactory security within a diversified communications framework between traditional and nontraditional partners by utilizing existing Web standards for XML canonicalization, XML digital signature, XML compression and ... |
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| Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Requirements for Military and Commercial Equipment |
Sep-2009 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
Pierce; James D Jr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Until approximately 1970, radio frequency (RF) requirements were driven by military usage, and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) efforts were conducted by the military and a few select industries. This was largely due to the fact that limited applications and high costs had kept the use of consumer electronics to a minimum. The past three decades, however, have seen a fundamental shift in this status quo. Starting with the emergence of the ... |
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| Optimizing the Air-to-Ground Kill Chain for Time-Sensitive Targets |
Sep-2009 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Bradley A Bloye; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH
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| When groups of platforms, sensors, and weapons are able to communicate with each other in real-time, they form a network. Modern warfare increasingly involves network-centric operations, the military strategy that seeks to translate informational advantages gained through the cooperation of all platforms in the network into increased overall mission effectiveness. For this thesis, the Time-to-Kill is our metric to quantify mission effectiveness because a given time-sensitive target is vulnerable to ... |
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| An Investigation of Network Enterprise Risk Management Techniques to Support Military Net-Centric Operations |
Sep-2009 |
186 pages |
| Authors:
John F Teply; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
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| System security and information assurance requirements and specifications incorporated into the architectural design of a network enterprise must be driven by an adaptable and evolving network enterprise risk management plan. Network Risk Management must start at concept design and relate to the network's Concept of Operations. The purpose of this thesis is to examine some of the essential elements necessary in a network enterprise risk management plan for a complex ... |
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| Navy Nuclear Aircraft Carrier (CVN) Homeporting at Mayport: Background and Issues for Congress |
17-Jul-2009 |
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| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| On January 14, 2009, the Navy announced that it wants to transfer one of its nuclear-powered aircraft carriers (CVNs) to the Navy home port at Mayport, Florida, known formally as Naval Station (NAVSTA) Mayport. On April 10, 2009, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced that it had decided to delay a final decision on whether to propose transferring a CVN to Mayport until it reviews the issue as part of ... |
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| The Global Financial Crisis: Increasing IMF Resources and the Role of Congress |
05-Jun-2009 |
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| Authors:
Martin A Weiss; Jonathan E Sanford; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The current global financial crisis is testing the ability of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other international financial institutions (IFIs) to provide sufficient assistance to affected countries. It has also enhanced the IMF's role in crisis management and given it a key place in current efforts to reform the world financial system. During the past half-year, many countries have come to the IMF for assistance and more are likely ... |
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| Military and Dual-Use Technology. Covert Testing Shows Continuing Vulnerabilities of Domestic Sales for Illegal Export |
04-Jun-2009 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory D Kutz; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
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| GAO found that sensitive dual-use and military technology can be easily and legally purchased from manufacturers and distributors within the United States and illegally exported without detection. Using a bogus front company and fictitious identities, GAO purchased sensitive items including night-vision scopes currently used by U.S. soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan to identify targets, triggered spark gaps used to detonate nuclear weapons, electronic sensors used in improvised explosive devices, and ... |
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| Automated Risk Analysis Tool to Support Transformation of US Air Force Security Forces (Briefing Slides) |
Jun-2009 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth Knox; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC TYNDALL AFB FL
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| The Automated Risk Analysis Tool to Support Transformation of US Air Force Security Forces briefing provides an overview of AFRL's risk analysis methodology and the software tool ForcePRO. Discussed is the research from AFRL, Airbase Technologies Division, Integrated Defense Technologies vulnerability and risk assessment support to the Air Force's Security Forces Center. |
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| Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector |
26-May-2009 |
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| Authors:
Claudia Copeland; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Damage to or destruction of the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure by terrorist attack or natural disaster could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threatening public health and the environment, or possibly causing loss of life. Interest in such problems has increased greatly since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States. Across the country, water infrastructure systems extend over vast areas, ... |
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| Taking Up the Security Challenge of Climate Change |
26-May-2009 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Rymn J Parsons; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
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| Climate change, in which man-made global warming is a major factor, will likely have dramatic and long-lasting consequences with profound security implications, making it a challenge the United States must urgently take up. The security implications will be most pronounced in places where the effects of climate change are greatest, particularly in weak states that are already vulnerable to environmental destabilization. Two things are vitally important: stemming the tide of ... |
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| Software Exploit Prevention and Remediation via Software Memory Protection |
May-2009 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Anh Nguyen-Tuong; Clark L Coleman; Michele Co; Jack W Davidson; John C Knight; Jason D Hiser; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE
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| Deployed software often contains memory overwriting vulnerabilities which can be exploited by malicious users who provide input that causes critical data to be overwritten in the program (called a memory overwriting exploit). There are a wide variety of such exploits (e.g. buffer overflows, formatting string exploits, etc.). Some defenses have been limited to defeating memory overwrites in heap or stack memory, and most defenses require access to source code. The ... |
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| Cyberspace Policy Review: Assuring a Trusted and Resilient Information and Communications Infrastructure |
May-2009 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT WASHINGTON DC
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| The President directed a 60-day, comprehensive, clean-slate review to assess U.S. policies and structures for cybersecurity. Cybersecurity policy includes strategy, policy, and standards regarding the security of and operations in cyberspace, and encompasses the full range of threat reduction, vulnerability reduction, deterrence, international engagement, incident response, resiliency, and recovery policies and activities, including computer network operations, information assurance, law enforcement, diplomacy, military, and intelligence missions as they relate to the ... |
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| Unraveling the Persian Knot: Indirect Approaches towards Iran |
May-2009 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
George C Brown; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
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| In 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini's indirect approach ignited existing socioeconomic conditions to topple the Shah of Iran. A similar indirect approach using psychological operations to target audiences through key vulnerabilities and networks may have applicability today. Joint Pub 5-0 defines the indirect approach as the employment of attacks on an adversary's vulnerabilities when conditions do not permit direct attacks against a defined center of gravity (COG). Using a combination of operations, ... |
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| Navy Nuclear Aircraft Carrier (CVN) Homeporting at Mayport: Background and Issues for Congress |
13-Apr-2009 |
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| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| On January 14, 2009, the Navy announced that it wants to transfer one of its nuclear-powered aircraft carriers (CVNs) to the Navy home port at Mayport, FL, known formally as Naval Station (NAVSTA) Mayport. On April 10, 2009, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced that it has decided to delay a final decision on whether to propose transferring a CVN to Mayport until it reviews the issue as part of ... |
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| The Marines' Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV): Background and Issues for Congress |
02-Apr-2009 |
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| Authors:
Andrew Feickert; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) is an armored amphibious vehicle program that originated two decades ago to replace the 1970s-era Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV). The EFV has experienced a variety of developmental difficulties, resulting in significant program delays and cost growth. While the Marine Corps and Department of Defense remain optimistic about the future of the EFV program, there continue to be major concerns about the EFV's reliability, vulnerability to ... |
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| U.S. Seaport Security: Critical Challenge for Department of Homeland Security |
02-Apr-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Lane; Drefus Sr; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
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| There are an estimated 360 seaports in the U.S. These seaports annually handle roughly 1.5 billion tons of cargo worth over $1 trillion, arriving in at least 11 million containers. These seaports require deep-water access, sufficient land for staging and storage, and unrestricted access to highway, rail, inland waterway, and pipeline networks. The Department of Defense (DoD) maintains only an informal business relationship with U.S. ports. However, it plays a ... |
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| Making the Business Case for Software Assurance |
Apr-2009 |
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| Authors:
John Harrison; Nancy R Mead; Dan Shoemaker; Julia H Allen; W A Conklin; Antonio Drommi; Jeff Ingalsbe; James Rainey; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INST
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| This report provides guidance for those who want to make the business case for building software assurance into software products during each software development life-cycle activity. The business case defends the value of making additional efforts to ensure that software has minimal security risks when it is released and shows that those efforts are most cost-effective when they are made appropriately throughout the development life cycle. Although there is no ... |
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| Nuclear Power Plant Security and Vulnerabilities |
18-Mar-2009 |
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| Authors:
Mark Holt; Anthony Andrews; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The physical security of nuclear power plants and their vulnerability to deliberate acts of terrorism was elevated to a national security concern following the September 11, 2001 attacks. Since then, Congress has repeatedly focused oversight and legislative attention on nuclear power plant security requirements established and enforced by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-58) imposed specific criteria for NRC to consider in revising ... |
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| Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative: Legal Authorities and Policy Considerations |
10-Mar-2009 |
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| Authors:
John Rollins; Anna C Henning; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Federal agencies report increasing cyber-intrusions into government computer networks, perpetrated by a range of known and unknown actors. In response, the President, legislators, experts, and others have characterized cybersecurity as a pressing national security issue. Like other national security challenges in the post-9/11 era, the cyber threat is multi-faceted and lacks clearly delineated boundaries. Some cyber attackers operate through foreign nations? military or intelligence-gathering operations, whereas others have connections to ... |
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| Securing General Aviation |
03-Mar-2009 |
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| Authors:
Bart Elias; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| General aviation (GA)--a catch-all category that includes about 54% of all civilian aviation activity within the United States--encompasses a wide range of airports, aircraft, and flight operations. Because GA plays a small but important role in the U.S. economy, improving upon GA security without unduly impeding air commerce or limiting the freedom of movement by air remains a significant challenge. However, policymakers have received mixed signals about the relative security ... |
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| Secure Design Patterns |
Mar-2009 |
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| Authors:
Chad Dougherty; David Svoboda; Kazuya Togashi; Robert C Seacord; Kirk Sayre; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INST
|
| The cost of fixing system vulnerabilities and the risk associated with vulnerabilities after system deployment are high for both developers and end users. While there are a number of best practices available to address the issue of software security vulnerabilities, these practices are often difficult to reuse due to the implementation-specific nature of the best practices. In addition, greater understanding of the root causes of security flaws has led to ... |
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| Energy Security: Reducing Vulnerabilities to Global Energy Networks |
Mar-2009 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Jack K Pritchard; Michael Moon; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
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| In the age of globalization the vulnerability of energy networks, particularly oil and gas networks, has increased due to multiple factors, the least of which include: the presence of non-state, transnational terrorist networks, political and economic aims of emerging states, and the overall interdependence on global energy sources. These vulnerabilities have revealed the extreme fragility of these networks and the mere presence of threats to these networks causes disruptions to ... |
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| Mitigating Insider Sabotage and Espionage: A Review of the United States Air Force's Current Posture |
Mar-2009 |
162 pages |
| Authors:
Erika C Leach; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| The security threat from malicious insiders affects all organizations. This problem is especially difficult to address because there is no definitive profile for malicious insiders; organizations have placed their trust in these individuals; and insiders have a vast knowledge of their organization's personnel, policies, and information systems. The purpose of this research is to analyze to what extent the United States Air Force's (USAF) security policies address this problem. The ... |
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| Shelter-In-Pace: Indoor Exposure Assessment During an Airborne Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Event |
Mar-2009 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D Schmidtgoessling; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
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| The goal of Shelter-In-Place (SIP) is to reduce human exposure to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents in the event of an accidental or intentional airborne release into the outdoor environment. The Air Force Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE) career field is responsible for providing sampling, identification, and quantification input to hazard prediction models and supporting evacuation plan development to provide risk-based control recommendations to the Incident Commander. This also includes ... |
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| Physics-Based Multi-Scale Modeling of Shear Initiated Reactions in Energetic and Reactive Materials |
Mar-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Linhbao Tran; John K Brennan; Muge Fermen-Coker; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| A critical Army mission is to improve predictive technologies for the development of future weapon systems. Shear initiated reactions are an important aspect of lethality, survivability, and vulnerability considerations, i.e., the increased lethal effects due to shear localization of reactive materials, reactive armor applications, and shear-induced reactions in munitions due to fragment impact. Present computational capabilities in continuum mechanics codes used by Army designers do not possess the capability to ... |
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| Proactive Self Defense in Cyberspace |
17-Feb-2009 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce D Caulkins; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
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| The most prevalent form of warfare in the 21st Century will occur in cyberspace. Cyberwarfare can take on many forms and levels of volatility and the persistent environment of cyberwarfare will force network and systems security specialists to continue improving upon their tools of the trade. Most of these tools are reactive in nature. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and other government agencies need to develop a blend of ... |
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| Software Assurance in Acquisition: Mitigating Risks to the Enterprise. A Reference Guide for Security-Enhanced Software Acquisition and Outsourcing |
Feb-2009 |
133 pages |
| Authors:
Mary L Polydys; Stan Wisseman; INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COLL WASHINGTON DC
|
| Software vulnerabilities, malicious code, and software that does not function as promised pose a substantial risk to the Nation's software-intensive critical infrastructure that provides essential information and services to citizens. Minimizing these risks is the function of software assurance (SwA). Software assurance is the level of confidence that software is free from vulnerabilities, either intentionally designed into the software or accidentally inserted at any time during its life cycle, and ... |
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| Russia, China, and the United States in Central Asia: Prospects for Great Power Competition and Cooperation in the Shadow of the Georgian Crisis |
Feb-2009 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
Elizabeth Wishnick; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
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| This monograph explores the appearance and reality of a consolidation of anti-U.S. interests in Central Asia via the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the Sino-Russian partnership. The author asserts that while there is considerable suspicion of U.S. designs on Central Asia, divergent interests within the SCO, among Central Asian states, and especially between Russia and China, serve to limit any coordinated anti-U.S. activity. The monograph takes a critical look at ... |
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| Technology Strategies for Homeland Security: Adaptation and Coevolution of Offense and Defense |
Jan-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Brian A Jackson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA CENTER FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE AND SECURITY
|
| Terrorists technology choices are a key part of their ability to create fear in target populations and audiences. Terrorists interaction with technologies that perform key functions within modern society - e.g., communications or infrastructures can also be strategies through which they can produce damage and fear. It is the way the terrorist chooses to apply technologies to cause death and destruction that sets him apart from the criminal who may ... |
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| Reconstruction Under Fire: Unifying Civil and Military Counterinsurgency |
Jan-2009 |
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| Authors:
Michelle Parker; David C Gompert; Brooke S Lawson; Terrence K Kelly; Kimberly Colloton; RAND NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INST SANTA MONICA CA
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| this monograph presents a search for ways to improve security for civil aspects of counterinsurgency (COIN)--essential human services, political reform, physical reconstruction, economic development, and indigenous capacity-building--so that it can take place while insurgency is active and dangerous. The importance of this search lies in the fact that civilian counterinsurgency (civil COIN), when combined with military operations, can weaken insurgency. Thus, COIN as a whole is more likely to succeed ... |
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| Enhancing Air Base Defense Through Joint Doctrine |
Jan-2009 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Shawn C Covault; MARINE CORPS COMBAT DEVELOPMENT COMMAND QUANTICO VA
|
| Forward air base force protection, which is increasingly vulnerable in irregular warfare, can be enhanced for current and future operations through comprehensive adjustments to joint doctrine regarding air base defense. There has been an increased degree of importance and subsequent vulnerability levied on forward operating air bases from the tactical to the operational levels of war with a growing progression that will advance far into the future. A historical analysis ... |
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| America's Soft Underbelly: Economic Espionage |
10-Dec-2008 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin J Degnan; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| As economic markets fluctuate and globalization continues to stretch and stress U.S. corporations due to increased competition, the security of corporate and sensitive U.S. technology is increasingly a matter of national security. Threats to sensitive U.S. technologies come not only from our enemies, but from our allies and free market competitors. U.S. industries are a priority for economic espionage and very often a priority target for our adversaries. Foreign companies ... |
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| China's Electronic Long-Range Reconnaissance |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy L Thomas; FOREIGN MILITARY STUDIES OFFICE (ARMY) FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| Since 2005, Chinese cyber attacks against U.S. systems have increased at an alarming rate. However, the term attack carries unwanted connotations; these unwarranted incursions are more likely reconnaissance missions to collect intelligence on U.S. military systems, to spot vulnerabilities or plant trap-doors or viruses in our systems, and to ensure that China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) has an immediate advantage in the event of war involving America and China. If ... |
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| Enhancing Combat Survivability of Existing Unmanned Aircraft Systems |
Dec-2008 |
149 pages |
| Authors:
Kine S Tham; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The importance of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) to warfighters has been growing. Each loss (regardless of whether the entire UAS or parts of it) has become more expensive and unaffordable in both an operational and monetary sense. An unmanned aircraft (UA) loss may mean that critical missions cannot be performed and millions of dollars of investments on the UA lost. As most existing UAS were designed to be inexpensive and ... |
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| Defense Graphs and Enterprise Architecture for Information Assurance Analysis |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Ulrik Franke; Teodor Sommestad; Mathias Ekstedt; Pontus Johnson; ROYAL INST OF TECH STOCKHOLM (SWEDEN)
|
| The JQRR metrics for Information Assurance (IA) and Computer Network Defense (CND) are combined with a framework based on defense graphs. This enables the use of architectural models for rational decision making, based on the mathematical rigor of extended influence diagrams. A sample abstract model is provided, along with a simple example of its usage to assess access control vulnerability. With the advent of Network Centric Warfare, Information Assurance (IA) ... |
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| Advances in Modeling and Simulation of Rotorcraft Noise and Associated Impacts on Survivability |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel Newman; Thomas Doligalski; Robert Minniti; DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY ARLINGTON VA TACTICAL TECHNOLOGY OFFICE
|
| The acoustic signature of a rotorcraft is often the primary means of detection and identification by enemy forces in the modern battlespace. Additionally, this detection is often accomplished without the need for the sophisticated sensing equipment required for other signature components. While this vulnerability has existed for many generations of rotorcraft, the tools for predicting the acoustic signature and understanding its impact on mission survivability have lagged in development. This ... |
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| Global Positioning System Timing Criticality Assessment - Preliminary Performance Results |
Dec-2008 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
James Carroll; Kirk Montgomery; JOHN A VOLPE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CENTER CAMBRIDGE MA
|
| Precision timing and time interval (PTTI) capabilities are becoming more commonplace throughout the world. The increasing demand for and use of precise time comes with a potentially increasing risk of over-reliance on a single timing source. In addition, many precise time applications are considered critical, in that service disruption could result in severe consequences. The Global Positioning System (GPS) provides PTTI services that meet or exceed most user requirements, at ... |
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| The Surge In Iraq, A Center Of Gravity Perspective |
31-Oct-2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Di; Barry S Ruzza; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| One key component to the strategy implemented by General Petraeus in Iraq was deploying up to five additional U.S. Army combat brigades and two U.S. Marine battalions to theater bringing the overall troop level in Iraq close to 168,000. This increase in American combat forces on the ground in Iraq has become known as the Surge and is commonly credited by politicians, the media, and members of the military as ... |
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| The Use of Foreign-Flagged or Foreign-Owned Shipping in U.S. Military Sealift: Risks for the Combatant Commander |
30-Oct-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas R Kramer; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Sealift will inevitably be a major component of transporting U.S. military forces to overseas deployments. Of particular concern for the future is the decline in the number of active U.S. mariners, and that many U.S. shipping lines are now foreign-owned as well. For a number of reasons, the U.S. has used foreign-flagged shipping in the largest deployments, including Desert Shield/Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Foreign-flagged shipping poses risks in ... |
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| Operational Art of Maritime Straits |
29-Oct-2008 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
James P Lowell; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| The world economy is growing more reliant on the volume and security of traffic in the maritime straits. Given the expanding role of asymmetric warfare in littoral sea control and the growing importance of strait integrity in the global economy, understanding the intricacies of operational factors in straits is vital to the Commander's employment of sound Operational Art. This paper examines operational factors as they pertain to the uniqueness of ... |
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| Critical Infrastructures: Background, Policy, and Implementation |
10-Oct-2008 |
|
| Authors:
John D Moteff; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The nation's health, wealth, and security rely on the production and distribution of certain goods and services. The array of physical assets, functions, and systems across which these goods and services move are called critical infrastructures (e.g., electricity, the power plants that generate it, and the electric grid upon which it is distributed). This report discusses in more detail the evolution of a national critical infrastructure policy and the institutional ... |
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VULNERABILITY
