| Efficacy of Gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC) in Ischemia-reperfusion Injury |
Oct 2012 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Stanley T Omaye; NEVADA SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION RENO NV
|
 | Hemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of death in military combat and civilian trauma (Bellamy, 1984; Lieu, et al., 2004). Better understanding of the associated cellular biochemical changes that occur in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury can lead to efficacious therapies (Thomas et al., 2008). Therefore, we have been studying the feasibility of using gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC) a dipeptide precursor for glutathione as a potential compound in modulating the oxidative stress associated with ... |
|
| Intranasal Rapamycin Rescues Mice from Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Shock |
18 Sep 2012 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Teresa Krakauer; Marilyn Buckley; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and related exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are potent activators of the immune system and cause toxic shock in humans. Currently there is no effective treatment except for the use of intravenous immunoglobulins administered shortly after SEB exposure. Intranasal SEB induces long-lasting lung injury which requires prolonged drug treatment. We investigated the effects of rapamycin, an immunosuppressive drug used to prevent graft rejection, by intranasal administration ... |
|
| A Comparison of Proximal Tibia, Proximal Humerus and Distal Femur Infusion Rates of Blood Under High Pressure Using the EX IO Intraosseous Device in the Adult Swine (Sus scrofa) Hypovolemic Model |
25 Jul 2012 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Julio Lairet; Vikhyat Bebarta; AIR FORCE MEDICAL WING (59TH) WILFORD HALL AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTER LACKLAND AFB TX
|
| PURPOSE: Compare flow rates of blood administered through intraosseous (10) needle in proximal tibia and humerus, and distal femur under high pressure(300mmHg) in adult hypovolemic (sus scrofa). METHOD:3 groups of animals; 14 per group were intubated and ventilated. Central vein and arterial lines were placed, blood was removed until MAP is 50% of baseline. An EZIO needle was inserted. Blood was reinfused under pressure. Lung samples evaluated for signs offal ... |
|
| Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Digital Breast Tomosynthesis |
Mar 2012 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew Maidment; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA
|
| Contrast-enhanced digital breast tomosynthesis (CE-DBT) is a novel x-ray imaging technique that produces a 3D representation of the breast vasculature via an intravenous contrast agent. CE-DBT offers a combination of excellent spatial resolution and accurate functional information, suggesting a strong potential role in disease prognostication. We are developing an innovative technique for obtaining dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) images with high spatial and temporal resolution. Our objective is to demonstrate, in proof-of-principle, ... |
|
| Arteriovenous Patterns in Beaked Whales |
Jan 2012 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Alexander M Costidis; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT WILMINGTON CENTER FOR MARINE SCIENCE
|
| Long term goals of this study are 1) To describe the venous morphology in the head of beaked whales, with a special focus on the venous structures associated with the accessory sinus system and the acoustic fat bodies. 2) To describe the vascular morphology of the terminal airways of beaked whales, as it relates to presence and actuation of intrapulmonary shunts. |
|
| Measurement of S-nitrosylated Proteins in Tissues of Rats Fed Diets with Differing Levels of Nitrite |
Dec 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Valerian Kagan; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA
|
| Increased ventilation is a general response to shock that may help to maintain cardiac output by improving venous return to the heart. The central stimulus for this increase in ventilation involves the production of S-nitroso-L-cysteine from more ubiquitous precursor S-nitrothiols in the medulla of the brain. Changes in dietary nitrite and nitrate have been shown to increase tissue levels of S-nitrosothiols and to improve survival in models of myocardial infarction. ... |
|
| The Utility of Human Plasma-Derived Butyrylcholinesterase (huBuChE) as a Therapeutic Measure in the Absence of Pre-Treatment or Conventional Post-Poisoning Therapies Against Nerve Agent |
Oct 2011 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Helen Mumford; DEFENSE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LAB SALISBURY (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| The aim of this study was to demonstrate, in guinea-pigs in vivo, the utility of huBuChE as a therapy against percutaneous (p.c.) nerve agent poisoning, following which there is a slower absorption of agent than by the inhalation route and consequently a longer window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention. The p.c. toxicity of VR was determined in Dunkin- Hartley guinea-pigs. The 24h LD50 was 0.45mg/kg (0.36 0.54 95% CI) and ... |
|
| Use Of Colistin Serum Concentrations After Intravenous Administration Of Colistimethate Sodium To Determine Pharmacokinetic And Pharmacodynamic Relationships |
Oct 2011 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
David Byers; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| Purpose: To define the pharmacokinetics of colistin after colistimethate sodium infusion and use clinical and microbiological data to explore pharmacodynamic relationships between colistin plasma levels, clinical and microbiological outcomes and drug-related toxicities. Research Design: Multi-center, prospective, open-label, un-controlled observational study. Methodology/Technical Approach: Five plasma samples from 60 patients 18 years of age receiving colistimethate sodium will be collected, frozen and shipped to Ordway Research Institute where they will be analyzed ... |
|
| Discovery of Metastatic Breast Cancer Suppressor Genes Using Functional Genome Analysis |
Jul 2011 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaoxing Wang; DANA-FARBER CANCER INST BOSTON MA
|
| I hypothesize that metastasis is governed by specific genetic alterations and that identifying this genetic program will provide candidates for new therapeutic targets. My aim is to discover potential metastasis suppressor genes (MSGs) in murine model of breast cancer metastasis through genome scale loss-of-function studies. As a first step to establish a system for prescreening candidate MSGs among the vast number of gene candidates, I calibrated two in vitro tumor ... |
|
| The Utility of Human Plasma Derived Butyrylcholinesterase (huBuChE) A Therapeutic Measure in the Absence of Pre-treatment or Conventional Post-poisoning Therapies Against Nerve Agent |
APR 2011 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Helen Mumford; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LAB PORTON DOWN (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| The aim of this study was to demonstrate, in guinea-pigs in vivo, the utility of huBuChE as a therapy against percutaneous (p.c.) nerve agent poisoning, following which there is a slower absorption of agent than by the inhalation route and consequently a longer "window of opportunity" for therapeutic intervention. The first task was to determine the p.c. toxicity of VR in Dunkin-Hartley guinea-pigs. The 24h LD50 was 0.45mg/kg (0.36 - ... |
|
| Immune Responses and Protection of Aotus Monkeys Immunized with Irradiated Plasmodium vivax Sporozoites |
Jan 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Alejandro Jordan-Villegas; Anilza Bonelo Perdomo; Judith E Epstein; Jesus Lopez; Alejandro Castellanos; Maria R Manzano; Miguel A Hernandez; Liliana Soto; Fabian Mendez; Thomas L Richie; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD MALARIA PROGRAM
|
| A non-human primate model for the induction of protective immunity against the pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium vivax malaria using radiation-attenuated P vivax sporozoites may help to characterize protective immune mechanisms and identify novel malaria vaccine candidates. Immune responses and protective efficacy induced by vaccination with irradiated P vivax sporozoites were evaluated in malaria-naive Aotus monkeys. Three groups of six monkeys received two, five, or ten intravenous inoculations, respectively, of 100,000 ... |
|
| Confirmation of Anopheles (Anopheles) calderoni Wilkerson, 1991 (Diptera: Culicidae) in Colombia and Ecuador Through Molecular and Morphological Correlation with Topotypic Material |
Dec 2010 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Ranulfo Gonzalez; Nancy Carrejo; RichArd C Wilkerson; Joubert Alarcon; Joubert Alarcon-Ormasa; Fredy Ruiz; Ravinder Bhatia; Jose Loaiza; Yvonne-Marie Linton; UNIVERSIDAD DEL VALLE CALI (COLOMBIA)
|
| The morphologically similar taxa Anopheles calderoni, Anopheles punctimacula, Anopheles malefactor and Anopheles guarao are commonly misidentified. Isofamilies collected in Valle de Cauca, Colombia, showed morphological characters most similar to An. calderoni, a species which has never previously been reported in Colombia. Although discontinuity of the postsubcostal pale spots on the costa (C) and first radial (R1) wing veins is purportedly diagnostic for An. calderoni, the degree of overlap of the ... |
|
| Intravenous Perfluorocarbon After Onset of Decompression Sickness Decreases Mortality in 20-kg Swine |
Jun 2010 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Richard T Mahon; Tomas T Watanabe; Madison C Wilson; Charles R Auker; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Decompression sickness (DCS) occurs when bubbles form due to pressure decreases with severity ranging from trivial to fatal. Standard treatment requires a hyperbaric chamber, not likely to be available at remote sites or during a disabled submarine escape or rescue. Alternative (non-recompressive) treatments are needed. Intravenous administration of emulsified perfluorocarbons (PFCs) enhances oxygen delivery to, and inert gas removal from, tissues. Swine studies show PFCs administered with supplemental oxygen before ... |
|
| Determination of Etomidate in Human Postmortem Fluids and Tissues |
Feb-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D Johnson; Russell J Lewis; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| Following an aviation accident, biological specimens from the operator of the aircraft are submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute for toxicological analysis. During the course of medical treatment following an aviation accident, pilots who later died as a result of their injuries may have been administered etomidate as an intravenous anesthetic. Our laboratory has developed a sensitive method for the identification and quantitation of etomidate in ... |
|
| A Targeted Mulifunctional Platform for Imaging and Treatment of Breast Cancer and Its Metastases Based on Adenoviral Vectors and Magnetic Nanoparticles |
FEB 2008 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Maaike Everts; ALABAMA UNIV IN BIRMINGHAM
|
| Nanotechnology holds many promises for the imaging and treatment of breast cancer. In particular, magnetic nanoparticles can be utilized for tumor imaging via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and tumor treatment by heating after exposure to an alternating magnetic field. However, selective targeting of the nanoparticles to the tumor cells needs to be accomplished before the imaging or therapy can be successful. In this respect, adenoviral (Ad) vectors for gene ... |
|
| Nosocomial Infection of Serratia marcescens May Induce a Protective Effect of Monkeys Exposed to Bacillus anthracis |
01-Jan-2008 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Elizabeth K Leffel; Nancy A Twenhafel; Chris A Whitehouse; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| This study was originally designed to collect data on the natural history of inhalational anthrax in a new nonhuman primate model. An uncontrollable event created a new experimental condition which allowed us to retrospectively evaluate the power of the innate immune system to protect from an aerosol exposure of B. anthracis. Five African green monkeys (AGMs) had intravenous catheters implanted. One catheter was accidentally pulled out, leaving four AGMs with ... |
|
| Artificial Pancreas for Control of BG and Insulin Levels in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes and Stress Hyperglycemia |
01 AUG 2007 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey I. Joseph; THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| This addendum to the final report contains a summary of the data analyses for the research project entitled Artificial Pancreas for Control of BG and Insulin Levels in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes and Stress Hyperglycemia , (Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Joseph, DO; Award Number: W81XWH-04-1-0004). The original tasks set forth in the statement of work for this research project are given in Table 1 (modifications to the statement of work appear ... |
|
| The Use of a Low-Concentration Heparin Solution to Extend the Life of Central Venous Catheters in the African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) |
28 NOV 2006 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher S. Gamble; Kenneth O. Jacobsen; Elizabeth K. Leffel; M. L. Pitt; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH AND MATERIEL COMMAND FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Normal hematological values for African green monkeys have been reported, but these results are confounded by the effect of chemical restraint (ketamine), physical restraint, and capture stress. The dual-lumen central venous catheter, jacket, and tether combination described allows intravenous fluid administration and repeated blood sampling without using restraint or anesthesia. The use of a low-concentration heparin solution for catheter maintenance resulted in a significant increase in mean patency time compared ... |
|
| Fluoride Ion Regeneration of Cyclosarin (Gf) from Minipig Tissue and Fluids Following Whole Body GF Vapor Exposure |
01 NOV 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Edward N Jakubowski; Jeffery M. McGuire; Ronald A. Evans; Stanley W. Hulet; Robert J. Mioduszewski; Sandra A. Thomson; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Recent developments to improve nerve agent biomarker techniques include methods for measuring fluoride regenerated Sarin (GB) in blood and tissue. Our efforts extend the fluoride ion regeneration method to be able to determine cyclosarin (GF) in red blood cells, plasma, and tissue of minipig blood samples after whole body exposure to GF at miosis levels. Blood samples were taken serially before, during, and after whole body GF exposure from the ... |
|
| Targeting of Breast Cancer with Triptolide Nanoparticle |
AUG 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Shanmin Yang; ROCHESTER UNIV NY
|
| We have demonstrated that the Triptolide (TPL) a diterpenoid tripoxides-like molecule (MW 360) purified from the herb Triptetygium wilfordii Hook F possesses a potent anti-tumor effect. To further enhance its targeting effect on tumor TPL was conjugated with human RGD and NGR that highly expressed on vessel and tumor cells and then further precessed in a liposome form as nanoparticle of RGD/NGR-PA-TPL-Liposome. The results of in vitro test RGD/NGR-PA-TPL-lipo showed ... |
|
| Monitoring Cancer Oxygenation Changes Induced by Ultrasound |
JUN 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Anastasios Maurudis; Quing Zhu; CONNECTICUT UNIV STORRS
|
| Chemotherapy is becoming more important in breast cancer treatment. It offers a perfect opportunity to evaluate the utility of newer targeted drugs. Despite the development of new techniques to characterize the biologic features of breast tumors, the factors influencing the quality of response to therapy remain obscure. One factor that may influence response to systemic chemotherapy is tumor perfusion. Tumors with relatively poor perfusion may receive inadequate delivery of systemic ... |
|
| The Grand Challenges of Command and Control Policy |
JUN 2006 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Jack Lenahan; Phil Charles; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER NORTH CHARLESTON SC
|
| We are interested in defining and investigating the grand challenges facing the command and control (C2) community in a network centric, transformational environment. The purpose of these investigations is to provide a rigorous basis for assessing the state of the art and the state of the practice of command and control in modern warfare. In 1900, David Hilbert proposed a list of 23 outstanding problems in mathematics, a number of ... |
|
| Systemic Oncolytic Cytokine HSV Therapy of Prostate Cancer |
MAY 2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Varghese; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| We have made substantial progress toward the goals outlined in our grant application. In particular, we demonstrate the efficacy of systemically administered oncolytic viruses for the treatment prostate cancer in the transgenic TRAMP mouse model. We show that while intravenous administration of the NV1023 parental virus at 12 weeks of age (presence of prostate adenocarinoma) resulted in reduced tumor burden, the effects by the IL-12 expressing NV1042 virus were substantially ... |
|
| A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PB/PK) Model for Multiple Exposure Routes of Soman in Multiple Species |
2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Richard E. Sweeney; Jan P. Langenberg; Donald M. Maxwell; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB/PK) model has been developed in advanced computer simulation language (ACSL) to describe blood and tissue concentration-time profiles of the C(plus or minus)P(minus)stereoisomers of soman after inhalation, subcutaneous and intravenous exposures at low (0.8-1.0 x LD50), medium (-3 x LD50) and high (6 x LD50) levels of soman challenge in three species (rat, guinea pig, marmoset). Allometric formulae were used to compute the compartment volumes, blood ... |
|
| Preliminary Studies Examining Near Ultraviolet Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy for Tissue Interrogation of Shock |
31 DEC 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
James Terner; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
|
| Non-invasive methods for the measurement of tissue oxygen saturation have long been sought for the detection of impending shock and the adequacy of resuscitation. Current methods such as those that require insertion of a catheter into the pulmonary artery or superior vena cava have attendant risks to the patient. Gastric tonometry, though considered to be minimally invasive, still requires insertion of a nasogastric tube into the stomach. We have found ... |
|
| Non-Immunogenic Structurally and Biologically Intact Tissue Matrix Grafts for the Immediate Repair of Ballistic-Induced Vascular and Nerve Tissue Injury in Combat Casualty Care |
JUL 2005 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Nathaniel Bachrach; LIFECELL CORP BRANCHBURG NJ
|
| Produce decellularized and freeze-dried umbilical vessel grafts to serve as off-the-shelf vascular graft prostheses for below-the-knee vassal replacement, AV access, and other clinically relevant applications. Procedures for procurement, dissection, and processing of human umbilical veins, including decallularization and cryo or solution preservation, were optimized. The umbilical artery was found unsuitable for use. Veins were Successfully processed with rhDNase instead of bovine DNase, and gamma irradiated to reduce the risk of ... |
|
| Biological Mechanisms of Metastasis Suppression: Which Steps in the Metastatic Cascade are Inhabited by the Metastasis Suppressor Gene BRMS1? |
JUN 2005 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Benjamin D. Hedley; Ann Chamber; LONDON REGIONAL CANCER CENTRE (ONTARIO)
|
| The purpose of this research is to determine which steps in the metastatic process are affected by the metastasis suppressor gene, BRMS1. Stable b-Gal expressing MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231/BRMS1 cell lines were used to identify 2 steps in the metastatic process inhibited by BRMS1. It was found that BRMS1-expression (I) reduced the numbers of solitary cells that survive initial arrest in the lung (4 hours) and (2) reduced the numbers of ... |
|
| Expediting Clinician Adoption of Safety Practices: The UCSF Venous Access Patient Safety Interdisciplinary Education Project |
2005 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Nancy E. Donaldson; Rosemary K. Plank; Ann Williamson; Jeffrey Pearl; Jerry Kellogg; Marcia Ryder; AGENCY FOR HEALTHCARE RESEARCH AND QUALITY ROCKVILLE MD
|
| Objectives: The primary objective of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Venous Access Device (VAD) Patient Safety Interdisciplinary Education Project was to develop a 30-hour/one clinical academic unit VAD patient safety course with the aim of expediting clinician adoption of critical concepts related to VAD-related patient safety. This paper describes the evolution of the interdisciplinary academic and continuing education courseware, and discusses the theoretical and technological underpinnings of the ... |
|
| The Use of Ultrasound for Placement of Intravenous Catheters |
13 DEC 2004 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Said Acosta; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
| Ultrasound has been used to aid cannulation of veins of the neck, chest, antecubital fossa as well as the femoral vein. This investigation compared the traditional method of peripheral intravenous (IV) cannulation of veins of the hands and forearms to ultrasound-guided (IV) cannulation of these veins. Subjects were adults of either gender who reported a history of difficult IV cannulation or, based on examination, suspected to be to be difficult ... |
|
| Altitude Decompression Sickness at 7,620 m Following Prebreathe Enhanced With Exercise Periods |
01 OCT 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
James T. Webb; Andrew A. Pilmanis; Ulf I. Balldin; WYLE LABS LIFE SCIENCES AND SERVICES INC SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| Over 80% altitude decompression sickness (DCS) was reported during a 4-h exposure with mild exercise to 7620 m (25,000 ft) without prebreathe. Prebreathe for more than 1 h would be necessary to reduce the DOS risk below 40%. Use of a single period of exercise to enhance prebreathe effectiveness has been successfully tested and used during some U-2 operations. The current tests used multiple exercise sessions to enhance prebreathe (MEEP) ... |
|
| Opioid Peptides Increase Blood Pressure and Enhance Survival of Rats Undergoing Hemorrhagic Shock Without Fluid Resuscitation |
01 SEP 2004 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Peter R. Oeltgen; Meera Govindaswami; KENTUCKY UNIV LEXINGTON DEPT OF PATHOLOGY
|
| Rats weighing 300-350 g had catheters placed in the femoral artery (for hemorrhage), tail artery for blood pressure (BP) measurements and the tail vein (for administration of opioids) controls received saline or opioids without hemorrhage. For the moderate hemorrhage studies (5.5 ml hemorrhage volume) animals received saline or Deltorphin-D (Delt-D) a delta specific opioid receptor agonist prior to hemorrhage without fluid resuscitation and post-treated animals received saline or Delt-D 1 ... |
|
| Changes in Interstitial Metabolic Parameters during Hemorrhagic Shock |
01 SEP 2004 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
III Oliver James D.; James L. Atkins; James F. Schooley; Elena R. Morris; Lei Wang; Timothy B. Bentley; Motilal B. Pamnani; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Decompensation in hemorrhagic shock is the critical stage after which resuscitative efforts may prove futile. One mechanism for decompensation may be potassium-mediated vasodilation and/or loss of cardiac contractility, and thus a method of measuring interstitial potassium may be a crucial part of future metabolic monitoring efforts. Anesthetized rats underwent controlled hemorrhage to a constant mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg. Microdialysis probes were implanted in skeletal muscle, vein, and liver ... |
|
| Devices for Emergency Hypothermia and Military Applications |
SEP 2004 |
176 pages |
| Authors:
Ralph Gill; ARDIEM MEDICAL INC INDIANA PA
|
| Recent work in the field of emergency and therapeutic hypothermia shows excellent results through the induction of mild-to-moderate profound hypothermia (SA) in laboratory animals using devices developed and fabricated by Ardiem Medical, Inc. An engineering prototype of a device used for the induction of mild- (34 deg C) to-moderate (30 deg C) hypothermia was delivered to SCRR center for Resuscitation Research (SCRR) in the last reporting period (01 Sept. 2002-31 ... |
|
| The Effect of Temperature on Decompression and Decompression Sickness Risk: A Critical Review |
SEP 2004 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Charles B. Toner; Robert Ball; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| There are long-held beliefs regarding temperature effects on dive outcome. One accepted tenet is that decompression sickness (DCS) risk increases during exposures to cold water. It is also commonly held that post-dive hot water showers encourage the onset of DCS. The question of thermal effects on DCS was raised most recently in response to observations of DCS cases after the introduction of hot water suits during the salvage effort for ... |
|
| Enhancing Process and Data Collection Efficiency of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Insertion for Justification of an Intravenous Access Program |
21 JUN 2004 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
John L. Mansuy; KENTUCKY UNIV LEXINGTON
|
| This purpose of this paper is to describe the optimizing Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) insertion, revising data collection strategies, estimating workloads, and calculating the financial savings generated by the vascular access nurse (VAN). The data gathered will be used in a proposal to start an Intravascular Access Program (IAP). |
|
| Targeting of Drugs to ICAM for Treatment of Acute Lung Injury |
APR 2004 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Vladimir Muzykantov; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA
|
| In the second year, we characterized intracellular traffic and final destination of anti-CAM conjugates in endothelial cells (EC) and found that CAM- mediated endocytosis initiates an unusually slow vesicular traffic that delivers conjugates to lysosomes several hours after internalization. Further, auxiliary drugs that regulate these processes can be utilized for prolongation of therapeutic duration of internalized conjugates. We characterized a series of in-house models of human ALI (injection of anti-TM/GOX ... |
|
| Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Emulsion |
APR 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
David M. Dromsky; Bruce D. Spiess; Andres Fahlman; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER BETHESDA MD
|
| We examined an adjunctive treatment for severe decompression sickness (DCS) to be used when hyperbaric treatment is delayed or unavailable. Hypothesis: It has been hypothesized that intravenous perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion combined with 100% inspired O2 would improve the outcome in severe DCS. Methods: Swine (n = 45) were compressed to 4.9 ATA on air for 22 h and brought directly to 1 ATA at 0.9 ATA min 1. The animals ... |
|
| Interstitial Metabolic Monitoring During Hemorrhagic Shock |
APR 2004 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Motilal B. Pamnani; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLEMD
|
| Decompensation in hemorrhagic shock is the critical stage after which resuscitative efforts may prove futile. We hypothesize that decompensation results from potassium-mediated vasodilation and/or loss of cardiac contractility, and thus a method of measuring interstitial potassium should be a crucial part of future metabolic monitoring efforts. Anesthetized rats underwent controlled hemorrhage to a constant mean arterial pressure of 40 mmllg. Microdialysis probes were implanted in skeletal muscle, vein, and liver ... |
|
| Mathematical Analysis of Extremity Immersion Cooling for Brain Temperature Management |
2004 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaojiang Xu; William Santee; Larry Berglund; Richard Gonzalez; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Due to low heat conductivity of body tissue, head surface cooling methods for management of the brain temperature during medical treatments often have limited utility. As blood flow rates and surface-to-volume ratios are generally high in the extremities, heat exchange between the body and the environment through the extremities is an important path for heat exchange. This study examines the effects of cold-water extremity immersion on brain temperature by simulation ... |
|
| Fluid and Electrolyte Needs for Preparation and Recovery From Training and Competition |
2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Susan M. Shirreffs; Lawrence E. Armstrong; Samuel N. Cheuvront; LOUGHBOROUGH UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| For a person undertaking regular exercise, any fluid deficit trial is incurred during one exercise session can potentially compromise the next exercise session if adequate fluid replacement does not occur. Fluid replacement after exercise can, therefore, frequently be thought of as hydration before the next exercise bout. The importance of ensuring euhydration before exercise and the potential benefits of temporary hyperhydration with sodium salts or glycerol solutions are also important ... |
|
| Non-Immunogenic Structurally and Biologically Intact Tissue Matrix Grafts for the Immediate Repair of Ballistic-Induced Vascular and Nerve Tissue Injury in Combat Casualty Care |
DEC 2003 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Nathaniel Bachrach; LIFECELL CORP BRANCHBURG NJ
|
| In the first year of this graft processes were developed that provided a decellularized, cryopreserved, and freeze-dried human umbilical artery and vein for use as off-the-shelf vascular grafts. Short term animal studies indicated that the vein graft had potential as a hemodialysis graft. However, close evaluation of those tissues indicated that there were defects that may have clinical impact. This past year the source of he defects was determined to ... |
|
| Evaluation of Intravenous Therapy Devices in the Hyperbaric Chamber |
DEC 2003 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
D. F. Stanga; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Ventilators, cardiac monitors, intravenous (IV) pumps, and other equipment are being evaluated to meet a U.S. Navy-identified need to improve patient care levels in the hyperbaric environment. Though the MTP MILITARY is currently the only IV pump that has been found suitable for use in the hyperbaric chamber, a search of the market has identified three pumps that afford increased capability for patient care. This report presents results from a ... |
|
| Consequences of Prolonged Hemorrhage on Oxygen Delivery to Skeletal Muscle Microcirculation |
OCT 2003 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Roland N. Pittman; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
|
| The purpose of the proposal is to characterize global hemodynamics and microcirculatory oxygen transport in skeletal muscle in an animal model of severe (40 mm Hg), prolonged (4 hours) hemorrhagic hypotesion (HH) . The target pressure and length of hemorrhage were set in the Army's original request for proposals. Arterial and venous blood pressures, gases, acid-based status, glucose, lactate, electrolytes, hemoglobin, 02 delivery and consumption were measured before and up ... |
|
| Herpes Virus Therapy of Prostate Cancer |
AUG 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Robert L. Martuza; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| To improve the efficacy of intravenous administration of herpes vectors for metastatic prostate cancer we conducted experiments in the Tramp model system using clinically applicable agents that have been previously shown to transiently inactivate complement activity and demonstrate that dextran sulfate was effective in enhancing the tumor inhibitory activity of G207 efficiently infects human endothelial cells (HUVEC) at a low MOI 0.01 and kills >80% if cells by day 3. ... |
|
| Biometrics Technology Review 2002 |
MAR 2003 |
|
| Authors:
T. Blackburn; M. Butavicius; I. Graves; D. Hemming; V. Ivancevic; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) LAND OPERATIONS DIV
|
 | The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States have motivated renewed global efforts to secure national borders. Accordingly, Australian authorities have demonstrated an interest in mechanisms that support these endeavors. This report examines the state of current biometric research, covering the literature up to October 2002. The report characterizes the main categories of biometric techniques, with a focus on face recognition, which is the least intrusive but most ... |
|
| Exact Test Size and Power for Small Samples Using an Internal Pilot Study |
31 JAN 2003 |
104 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy S. Webb; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| Marlar and Welsh (2001) proposed a prospective ascertainment strategy for a case-control study of deep venous thrombosis with a binary exposure. This study design relied on prevalence estimates of certain genetic polymorphisms from previous studies using different populations. They planned on collecting a portion of the data to use as an internal pilot in order to better estimate these prevalences using their population of interest. The internal pilot data were ... |
|
| Sundromes of Hypercoagulability: Protein C and Protein S Deficiencies |
14 JAN 2003 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Marla J. DeJong; Janet F. Mulroy; KENTUCKY UNIV LEXINGTON
|
| Imagine that you are receiving report from the night shift nurse. You are assigned a 41-year-old Caucasian female who was admitted with a second stroke. You note that the patient smoked one pack of cigarettes per day and has no history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease, atrial fibrillation, or deep vein thrombosis. The neurologist described her condition as thrombotic strokes from an unknown origin. All routine diagnostic procedures ... |
|
| Preclinical Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Investigational New Drugs |
OCT 2002 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Patricia E. Noker; SOUTHERN RESEARCH INST BIRMINGHAM AL
|
| A study was conducted to investigate the pharmacodynamic effects, as assessed by signs of clinical and pathological toxicity, of artelinate (AL; given as an L-lysine salt) and artesunate (AS) in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats given single or multiple intravenous (iv) doses via a tail vein; intramuscular (im) administered arteether (AE) served as the positive control for the formation of neurotoxicological lesions. For rats given single iv doses, mortality was ... |
|
| Herpes Virus Therapy of Prostate Cancer |
AUG 2002 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Robert L. Martuza; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Conditionally replicating herpes vectors offer unique advantages for cancer therapy. We have studied vector constructs with increased anti-tumor efficacy and demonstrated that the NV-series of vectors are more efficacious in the mouse prostate cancer models than the G-series of vectors. Moreover, in a bilateral tumor model, the lL-12 containing vector, NV1042, causes a markedly significant tumor growth inhibition of the treated tumor and lesser but significant inhibition of the untreated ... |
|
| An Assessment of the Potential for Increasing the Salvageability of Critical Combat Traumas Through First Responder Interventions |
30 JUL 2002 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher G. Blood; G. J. Walker; Ray Bias; Edmond Kay; Edward J. Carlson; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Five former first responders with battlefield experience as a corpsman/medic and subsequent medical experience after discharge each reviewed 100 clinical records of soldiers wounded in combat who subsequently died of their wounds. The former first responders were surveyed as to which, if any, present-day technologies and/or training, if made available to today's first responders, would make a difference in the salvageability of each trauma case reviewed. In an average of ... |
|
Reports by Keyword(s)
VEINS
