| Development of a Versatile Conditioning Wind Tunnel for Evaporative Fate Studies |
Oct-2009 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
H D Durst; James E Danberg; Daniel J Weber; Daniel Waysbort; Clayton S Moury; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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 | This report documents the development of a conditioning wind tunnel that allows multiple test samples to be conditioned at identical environmental settings that are used in smaller vapor sampling wind tunnels. The conditioning of multiple samples, especially those involving persistent chemicals, allows for the efficient use of a limited number of instrumented vapor sampling tunnels. Up to nine samples can be sequentially and quickly cycled through the instrumented vapor wind ... |
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| Quantifying SST Errors from an OGCM in Relation to Atmospheric Forcing Variables |
03-Mar-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Harley E Hurlburt; Alan J Wallcraft; A B Kara; Wei-Yin Loh; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The relationship between various atmospheric variables at the sea surface and climatological monthly means of sea surface temperature (SST) is investigated over the global ocean. The goal is to quantify the change in SST that results solely from variations in a particular atmospheric variable. This is accomplished using a series of numerical simulations from an atmospherically-forced ocean general circulation model (OGCM). It is first demonstrated that SST variations at all ... |
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| Development of the 2007 Chemical Decontaminant Source Document |
Mar-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Teri Lalain; Brent Mantooth; Zach Zander; Pamela Humphreys; Tom Lynn; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP GUNPOWDER MD
|
 | The chemical decontaminant performance evaluation testing source document is the product of project BA06DEC414 for improved test methodology. The primary objective is to improve the rigor of existing test methods for the generation of defensible and comparable decontamination efficacy data for the quantitative determination of post-decontamination contact and vapor hazards and residual agent. Execution of these improved methods will yield higher fidelity data presented in appropriate context. The data generated ... |
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| In-Orbit Performance Assessment of Giove Clocks |
01-Dec-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Pierre Waller; P Tavella; I Sesia; G Tobias; I Hidalgo; R Piriz; S Binda; J Hahn; F Gonzalez; G Cerretto; EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY NOORDWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
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| Two onboard atomic clock technologies have been developed for the Galileo system, one based on vapor cell rubidium technology (RAFS: Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard) and one based on passive hydrogen maser (PHM) technology. In the years 2004-2005, both technologies have successfully passed a full qualification campaign (including shock, vibration, thermal vacuum, ...) aimed at verifying their performance in a Galileo-like environment. In the year 2005, six RAFS and two PHM ... |
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| A Residual Life Indicator (RLI) for Physical Adsorption Capacity of Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Filters. Part 3. A Novel RLI Design for Collective Protection Demonstrated Using Breakthough and Chemical Pulse Data |
Nov-2008 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory W Peterson; David Friday; Marc Shrewsbury; Scott Deibert; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| We start by simulating the condition of a fielded filter by selecting representative threat vapors and representative contaminant vapors. We assume that only contaminants that are moderately and strongly adsorbed can affect the residual life. A simulated contaminated filter is configured using contaminated carbon at the bed inlet and fresh carbon at the bed outlet. Breakthrough experiments are then completed using an organic to simulate the threat vapor. These data ... |
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| Detailed Field Investigation of Vapor Intrusion Processes |
01-Sep-2008 |
339 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas E McHugh; Tim N Nickels; GSI ENVIRONMENTAL INC HOUSTON TX
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| The primary objective of this demonstration study was to identify a cost effective and accurate protocol for investigation of vapor intrusion into buildings overlying contaminated groundwater. Intensively monitored sites, such as the Borden Landfill in Canada, have greatly contributed to our understanding of the physical and chemical processes that control the transport of chemicals in groundwater. For this project, we have used a similar approach (i.e., intensively monitored sites with ... |
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| Evaporation of HD Droplets From Nonporous, Inert Surfaces in TGA Microbalance Wind Tunnels |
Sep-2008 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth B Sumpter; Seok H Hong; Wendel J Shuely; Robert G Nickol; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
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| The environmental fate of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is important because the contact or vapor hazard is critical input for models used to support decisions on the level of individual protection at fixed sites. Two different microbalances, configured in a wind-tunnel geometry, were used to measure the evaporation and desorption rates from surfaces. The overall experimental design covers several neat and thickened agents and several material surfaces. The initial elements ... |
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| Immunotoxicology of JP-8 Jet Fuel: Mechanisms |
20-Jul-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
David T Harris; J Wang; D Camacho; M Badowski; T Tsang; M Witten; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON DEPT OF IMMUNOBIOLOGY AND PEDIATRICS
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| Experiments were performed exposing mice to varying doses of either JP-8 or S-8 jet fuel for 1h/day for 7 days, using the new exposure apparatus with in-line monitoring of jet fuel concentrations (aerosol and vapor). Six controls, 6 JP-8 exposed and 6 S-8 exposed animals examined. There were no significant effect on body weight due to JP-8 or S-8 exposure, and no effect on immune cell viability from any immune ... |
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| Residual Life Indicator for Physical Adsorption Capacity of NBC Filters. Part 1. Acetone Vapor Pulses and the Effect of Moisture Content on Retention Characteristics |
01-Jun-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory W Peterson; David Friday; Marc Shrewsbury; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| Currently, no method exists to indicate when chemical biological radiological nuclear (CBRN) filters no longer have the capacity to protect the warfighter in the event of a toxic chemical release. The three factors responsible for CBRN filter failure are losses of mechanical integrity, physical adsorption capacity, and of reactive capacity. In this report, data are collected to support the development of a residual life indicator for the remaining physical capacity ... |
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| Development of TWO HD Vapor Exposure Techniques in a Rabbit Ocular Model: A Pilot Study |
May-2008 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Schulz; Roy Railer; Edward Clarkson; Carol Bossone; Melinda Sigler; Kenneth Despain; Kimberly Whitten; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| This pilot study investigated the feasibility of two different vapor models to yield additional insight into HD-induced ocular injury. Eight female New Zealand white rabbits (2.0-2.4 kg) were divided into 2 groups. Rabbits were exposed to HD vapor (estimated vapor density, 1.4 gm/m3) ranging from 30 seconds to 4 minutes. Four rabbits were exposed to 10 microliters neat HD instilled into a vapor cap (VC) for a corneal only exposure, ... |
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| Impacts of Individual Protective Equipment on Active Range of Motion and Respiratory Protection |
APR 2008 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
David M. Caretti; Daniel J. Barker; Kari A. Carter; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This investigation quantified active range of motion (AROM) of common military and law enforcement movements while wearing chemical/biological (CB) and ballistic protective equipment, measured the impacts of integrated CB and ballistic equipment on respirator protection from particulates, and determined local head and neck protection factors against gases and vapors with the same individual protective equipment (IPE). To quantify the impacts of IPE wear on AROM, sequential levels of protective equipment ... |
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| JP8 Induced Mutagenesis and Hormesis |
13 MAR 2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Purushottam Kale; ALABAMA A AND M UNIV NORMAL
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| In order to test the phenomenon of JP8 induced hormesis and mutagenesis in Drosophila, several experiments were performed using samples over 5000 individuals in each experiment. The JP8 doses were progressively decreased from 5 microliters to 0.5 microliters in 1000 milliliters of air. Exposures were for 12 hours and survival was counted after 10 days. At a dose of 5 microliters, the survival was 80% which increased (or lethality decreased) ... |
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| Multi-Sensor Systems Development for UXO Detection and Discrimination: Man-Portable Dual Magnetic/Electromagnetic Induction Sensor |
FEB 2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
David Wright; Jr. Bennett Hollis H.; Linda P. Dove; John H. Ballard; Morris P. Fields; Tere A. DeMoss; Dwain K. Butler; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| An unexploded ordnance (UXO) survey instrument that simultaneously collects total field magnetic data and frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) data was developed and tested for the detection and characterization of buried UXO objects. The system comprised an FDEM sensor operating at a single frequency of 9.8 kHz and a cesium vapor magnetometer. The system was tested in dynamic survey (detection) and cued analysis (characterization) modes at the Naval Research Laboratory Blossom ... |
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| Ionic Liquids as Hypergolic Fuels (Postprint) |
Jan-2008 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Stefan Schneider; Gregory Drake; Michael Rosander; Tommy Hawkins; Ghanshyam Vaghjiani; Steven Chambreau; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
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| After seminal work presented a decade ago, ionic liquids (IL) have now received a lot of attention as energetic materials for propellant applications. In bipropellant rocket engines, it is desirable to achieve ignition by means of a hypergolic reaction and so to minimize system complexity. Hypergolic bipropellants are defined as fuel and oxidizer combinations that, upon contact, chemically react and release enough heat to spontaneously ignite, eliminating the need for ... |
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| Multi-Scale Computational Analyses of JP-8 Fuel Droplets and Vapors in Human Respiratory Airway Models |
31 OCT 2007 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Clement Kleinstreuer; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
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| Using representative human nasal, oral and tracheobronchial airway models, transient 3- D as well as equivalent steady-state solutions have been obtained for the transport and deposition of spherical particles and droplets as well as vapors. It should be noted that equivalence to transient airflow and particle deposition results was achieved by employing matching Reynolds and Stokes numbers for steady-state simulations. Inhalation inlet conditions and aerosol characteristics resembled JP-8 fuel exposure ... |
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| Characteristics of Mustard (Blister) Agents |
OCT 2007 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY CHEMICAL MATERIALS AGENCY ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Mustard (blister) agent, purified sulfur mustard or distilled mustard, has a 5 percent sulfur impurity, less odor and greater blistering power than the original mustard agent used in World War I. Mustard agent is also known as H, HD or HT. Agent H contains about 20-30 percent impurities and HD is a nearly pure substance. HT is a mixture of 60 percent HD and 40 percent of another substance called ... |
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| Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Sensor Array Development |
17-Sep-2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
David J Wright; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP (SAIC) CARY NC ADVANCED SENSORS AND ANALYSIS DIVISION
|
| A laboratory prototype frequency domain electromagnetic induction sensor array suitable for simultaneous operation with an array of cesium vapor total field magnetometers has been designed and fabricated and has undergone limited bench testing. The design is based on the GEM-3 active primary field cancellation technology, which creates a "magnetic cavity" for each receive coil in the array. The array's magnetometers would be mounted inside the receive coils, within the magnetic ... |
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| Laser-Based Detection Methods for Explosives |
SEP 2007 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Chase A. Munson; Jennifer L. Gottfried; Jr. De Lucia Frank C.; Kevin L. McNesby; ANDRZEJ W. MIZIOLEK; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| Many well-known explosive detection techniques such as mass spectrometry and chromatography rely on close-contact sampling of surface residues or explosive vapors. Effective detection of explosive materials using laser-based methods has been demonstrated in close-contact and standoff (tens of meters) configurations. This work reviews the current technical progress in laser-based explosive detection methods such as infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and photo fragmentation. The potential for standoff ... |
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| Validation of FMTV Modular VHP/mVHP System and Fumigation Decontamination Process in a C-141B Starlifter Aircraft |
AUG 2007 |
124 pages |
| Authors:
Mark D. Brickhouse; Teri A. Lalain; Jerry W. Pfarr; Brian K. Maclver; John P. Lloyd; James E. Flowers; Brent A. Mantooth; Zach B. Zander; DAVID C. STARK; Matthew J. Shue; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| The C141 test was designed to further demonstrate that decontaminating substrates contaminated with chemical and biological warfare threat materials, while maintaining a near constant hydrogen peroxide/ammonia fumigant concentration (500 ppm/30 ppm) and varying exposure durations during separately timed runs, was reproducible. The test was also designed to demonstrate the ability to consistently achieve effective kills on materials contaminated with biological and chemical challenges set by the Joint Portable Interior Decontamination ... |
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| Exhaust Recirculation - A Technology to Minimize Energy Use in Aircraft Painting Operations |
JUN 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Joe Wandar; Gerald Doddington; Steve Frere; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB TYNDALL AFB FL MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE
|
| The mandate in DoDD 5000.1 to manage risk as an element of acquisition cost control enabled Robins AFB?s justification for incorporation of 80% exhaust recirculation into the design for construction of a corrosion control facility (CCF) for C-5 aircraft that will enter service in 2007. A key tool in developing their justification was the LaPuma model, a process model into which a user inputs facility and process parameters to calculate ... |
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| Steady-State and Dynamic Desorption of Organic Vapor From Activated Carbon With Electrothermal Swing Adsorption |
Jun-2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick D Sullivan; Mark J Rood; Byung J Kim; Hamidreza Emamipour; Zaher Hashisho; Diego Cevallos; Deborah L Thurston; K J Hay; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DEPT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
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| A new method to achieve steady-state and dynamic tracking desorption of organic compounds from activated carbon was developed and tested with a bench-scale system. Activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC) was used to adsorb methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) from air streams. Direct electrothermal heating was then used to desorb the vapor to generate select vapor concentrations at 500 ppmv and 5000 ppmv in air. Dynamic-tracking desorption was also achieved with carefully ... |
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| Contamination Control Area - Airlock - Toxic Free Area Process Analysis (BRIEFING CHARTS) |
MAY 2007 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce J. Nielsen; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB TYNDALL AFB FL MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE
|
| Collective Protection (COLPRO) systems provide unencumbered, long term personnel protection and have capability for ingress/egress of personnel as they process out (doff) and into (donn) Individual Protection Equipment (IPE). To enter COLPRO systems, strict processes are enforced to allow safe entry as well as maintain the integrity of the Toxic Free Area (TFA). Normally, personnel would process through an outside Contamination Control Area (CCA) where decontamination crews identify any gross ... |
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| Development of an Infrared Spectrophotometric Method for the Analysis of Jet Fuel Using a Loop Calibration Technique |
MAR 2007 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
James Reboulet; Robert Cunningham; Palur G. Gunasekar; Gail D. Chapman; Sean C. Stevens; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER (DET) WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS LAB
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| A whole body inhalation study of combined jet fuel vapor and aerosol necessitated the development of a method for preparing vapor standards from the neat fuel. Due to the complex mixture of components in jet fuel, and the selective partitioning between aerosol and vapor, a novel method was needed to prepare vapor only standards for the calibration of infrared spectrophotometers and a gas chromatograph. A re-circulating loop system was developed ... |
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| Establishment of a Vaporous Hydrogen Peroxide Bio-Decontamination Capability |
FEB 2007 |
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| Authors:
Andrew M. McAnoy; Michelle Sait; Sue Pantelidis; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) HUMAN PROTECTION AND PERFORMANCE DIV
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| Vaporous hydrogen peroxide (VHP) has previously been demonstrated to be effective against biological agents and to some extent chemical agents. As part of the current HPPD work program on chemical and biological decontamination a VHP decontamination system was acquired. Here we describe the commissioning of the VHP unit which involved setting up a small scale testing capability, the sterilization of a PC3 laboratory and conducting a field trial to decontaminate ... |
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| Characteristics of Nerve Agents |
2007 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY CHEMICAL MATERIALS AGENCY ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| There are three types of nerve agents currently stored in chemical stockpiles in the United States: VX, GB and GA. All three nerve agents are members of the organophosphate family. Nerve agent VX, a clear, odorless and tasteless liquid, has an appearance similar to motor oil. VX can become an aerosol (very small droplets) through explosion or a vapor through ignition. It is heavier than water and evaporates 2,000 times ... |
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| Development of a PBPK Model for JP-8 |
15 NOV 2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jeff Fisher; Michael Bartlett; Shonetta D. Gregg; GEORGIA UNIV ATHENS
|
| The overarching goal of this research project was to develop a mathematical dosimetry model for aerosolized JP-8 to better understand human exposure to inhaled JP-8. The JP-8 dosimetry model could then be used to determine human health risks from exposure to JP-8. For the first time, individual hydrocarbon data were collected to characterize the atmospheric exposures and dosimetry for laboratory animals exposed to vaporized or aerosolized JP-8. Both chamber atmosphere ... |
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| Investigation of Hair Follicle and Plasma Biomarkers for Low-Level VX Vapor Exposure |
01 NOV 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
E. M. LaFiandra; A. E. Chambers; J. Horsmon; J. J. Valdes; J. W. Sekowski; B. Benton; M. Horsmon; R. Mioduszewski; S. Thomson; C. Evans; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Currently, there are no field-ready and expedient assays able to determine whether someone has been exposed to very low-level chemical warfare agent (CWA). Furthermore, if it were known that a person had been exposed, there is a paucity of information regarding the potential for transient or persistent neurological or other injuries. While our laboratory is working to address both of these problems, our recent work toward finding a more expedient ... |
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| Mobile Robot Enabled Detection of Explosives and Biological Agents |
01 NOV 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory W. Auner; Abhilash Pandya; Golam Newaz; Grant Gerhart; Greg Hudas; Andrew Scott; Janet Jensen; Joseph Smolinski; Michelle Brusatori; WAYNE STATE UNIV DETROIT MI SMART SENSORS AND INTEGRATED MICROSYSTEMS (SSIM) PROGRAM
|
| Detection of chemical agents such as explosives and biological agents in air and water is of current importance. The integration of micro sensors for agent detection into a robotic system can greatly enhance the safety and efficacy of the detection system. Our research aim is two-fold. 1) To create a sensing system that can detect chemical agents in explosives and biological agents in air and water and 2) to implement ... |
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| Implications of Atmospheric Temperature Fluctuations on Passive Remote Sensing of Chemicals |
01-Nov-2006 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Avishai Ben-David; Gabriel Laufer; Stephen K Holland; Jason D Baker; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Passive remote sensing of airborne chemicals at infrared wavelengths may be limited by temporal fluctuations in atmospheric brightness temperatures delta T(Delta t). The fluctuations delta T increase the minimum detectable chemical vapor concentration-pathlength product (CL) given by the noise-equivalent-CL (NECL) of the measurements scenario. Brightness temperatures in two infrared spectral bands were measured on clear and cloudy days along three lines of sights. For time windows Delta t < 3-5 ... |
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| Ultra Low Concentration Adsorption Equilibria |
NOV 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
John J. Mahle; Leonard C. Buettner; M. D. LeVan; Bryan J. Schindler; SOLDIER AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL COMMAND ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This paper discusses innovative research on the subject of protecting the warfighter from hazardous vapors by means of employing chemical filters containing microporous, nano-structured sorbents. Specifically this work focuses on novel experimental and modeling methods to characterize and predict at ultra-low chemical vapor concentrations the protection afforded by adsorption-based vapor filtration systems. The motivation for this work is to provide appropriate respiratory protection for the warfighter at pace with a ... |
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| Validation for CFD Prediction of Mass Transport in an Aircraft Passenger Cabin |
NOV 2006 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
A. J. Baker; S. C. Ericson; J. A. Orzechowski; K.L. Wong; R. P. Garner; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
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| A joint project was established to validate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a quantitative methodology for prediction of the distribution of pathogens released into the environmental control system (ECS)-generated ventilation flow field of an aircraft passenger cabin. Acquisition of the requisite experimental databases for three-dimensional velocity and gaseous contaminant distributions was accomplished in the FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute's (CAMI's) Aircraft Environmental Research Facility (AERF). The associated CFD simulations were ... |
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| Generation, Sampling, and Analysis for Low-Level GF (Cyclo-Sarin) Vapor for Inhalation Toxicology Studies |
OCT 2006 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Jr. Muse William T.; Sandra A. Thomson; Charles L. Crouse; Kathy L. Matson; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The generation, sampling, and analysis system used for low-level GB inhalation studies was modified to test the nerve agent GF. A saturator cell used in conjunction with an inhalation chamber generated low level OF vapor at concentrations ranging from 0.004 - 0.05 mg/cu m. Additional testing with a syringe drive spray atomization system generated OF vapor concentrations from 0.7 - 2 mg/cu m. This capability was important to determine sub-lethal ... |
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| Hair Follicle Bulb as a Biodosimeter for Low-Level VX Vapor Exposure: Initial Studies Validating the Presence of Potential Protein Biomarkers of Exposure in the Sprague-Dawley Rat Whisker Follicle |
OCT 2006 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Amanda E. Chambers; Bernard J. Benton; James J. Valdes; Jennifer W. Sekowski; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| Over the past fifty years, numerous studies have been performed to determine the health effects of exposure to organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents. The traditional approaches to determine OP exposure are invasive (e.g. require blood samples) laboratory-based assays that are not ideal for rapid, reliable testing in the event of a mass exposure scenario. However, advances in biomarker discovery make it possible to develop a less invasive, more expedient assay. The ... |
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| Forced Ventilation of Protective Garments for Hot Industries |
JUL 2006 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Julio A. Gonzalez; Larry G. Berglund; Tom L. Endrusick; Meg A. Kolka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| The performance of a battery powered, forced air distribution system for ventilation under protective clothing (torso body armor) was evaluated on a sweating thermal manikin in a 35 deg C and 50% RH environment. The ventilation system, delivering 9 L dot s(-1) of ambient air increased the heat loss from the manikin by 45 W. Measurements made on the manikin indicated that the ventilation decreased the dry thermal resistance and ... |
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| Passive Badge Assessment for Long-Term, Low-level Air Monitoring on Submarines: Acrolein Badge Validation |
30 JUN 2006 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly P. Williams; Susan L. Rose-Pehrsson; David A. Kidwell; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CHEMISTRY DIV
|
| Passive diffusion badges are being tested as a long-term, method of analyte-specific air analysis onboard U.S. Navy (USN) nuclear submarines. Passive badge monitors for acrolein detection were tested. Long-term sampling efficiency was evaluated for a 28-day period by comparing the response of the passive badge to an active tube sampling method. The badges and tubes were exposed to acrolein vapor at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.1 ppm, resulting in a ... |
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| Advanced Hybrid Cooling Loop Technology for High Performance Thermal Management |
Jun-2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Chanwoo Park; Aparna Vallury; Jeffrey Perez; ARMY TANK-AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND WARREN MI
|
| Advanced hybrid cooling loop technology has been developed for the high performance cooling systems for such as U.S. Army next generation vehicles, Future Combat System (FCS) and Directed Energy Weapons (DEW), high power Solid State Laser Systems. The hybrid cooling loop combines the active liquid pumping with the passive capillary liquid management in the sintered wick structure of the evaporator and its liquid/vapor separation. The prototype hybrid cooling loop using ... |
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| Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP) Decontamination of a Section of a Boeing 747 Cabin |
APR 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Robert M. Shaffstall; Robert P. Garner; Joshua Bishop; Lora Cameron-Landis; Donald L. Eddington; Gwen Hau; Shawn Spera; Thaddeus Mielnik; James A. Thomas; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| The use of STERIS Corporation's Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP)* technology as a potential biocide for aircraft decontamination was demonstrated in a cabin section of the Aircraft Environment Research Facility (an FAA-owned Boeing 747). When exposed to an appropriate concentration of VHP vapor in the cabin test section, biological indicators inoculated with 106 colony forming units of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores demonstrated a total suppression of culture growth. Efficacy was demonstrated with ... |
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| A Review of the Fabrication and Properties of Vapor-Grown Carbon Nanofiber/Polymer Composites (Preprint) |
MAR 2006 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Gary G. Tibbetts; Max L. Lake; Karla L. Strong; Brian P. Rice; APPLIED SCIENCES INC CEDARVILLE OH
|
| Several varieties of vapor-grown carbon nanofibers with diameters under 200 nm and conically shaped grapheme planes canted with respect to the longitudinal fiber axis are available. Because of the strong interfiber bonding, compounding these fibers with polymeric resins demands some care. Therefore, fabrication of nanofiber composites has led to variable and occasionally disappointing electrical conductivity and tensile strength. In the following paper, we review the published data for vapor-grown carbon ... |
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| Estimating Lethal and Severe Toxic Effects in Minipigs Following 10, 60, and 180 Minutes of Whole-Body GB Vapor Exposure |
MAR 2006 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Stanley W. Hulet; Douglas R. Sommerville; Edward M. Jakubowski; Bernard J. Benton; Jeffry S. Forster; Paul A. Dabisch; Jacqueline A. Scotto; Ronald B. Crosier; William T. Muse; Bernardita I. Gaviola; David C. Burnett; Sharon A. Reutter; Robert J. Mioduszewski; Sandra A. Thomson; Dennis B. Miller; Jill R. Jarvis; Candice L. Krauthauser; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| Sexually mature male and female Gottingen minipigs were exposed to various concentrations of GB vapor via whole-body inhalation for 10, 60, or 180 min. Signs of nerve agent exposure were classified as lethal, severe, or moderate. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to calculate the median effect levels: lethal (LCT50) and severe (ECT50) for each gender-duration combination. Ordinal regression was used to model the product of concentration and time profile of ... |
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| Rigorous Mathematical Modeling of an Adsorption System With Electrothermal Regeneration of the Used Adsorbent |
19 JAN 2006 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Menka Petkovska; Danijela Antov-Bozalo; Nikola Nikacevic; BELGRADE UNIV (YUGOSLAVIA)
|
| The general objective of the project is fundamental mathematical modeling of a complex TSA system with electrothermal desorption step, with absorbers assembled of one or more cartridge-type, radial flow fixed beds and with in-vessel condensation of the desorbed vapor. During the first stage of the project, a 1-D mathematical model of a single cartridge without condensation was developed in Matlab and used for simulation. During the second stage of the ... |
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| An Automated Air Sampling System Comprising an OPTIC GC Injector II, Quantification of VX Vapour |
JAN 2006 |
|
| Authors:
J. L. Harteveld; R. C. Olivier; H. W. Zappey; TNO DEFENSE SECURITY AND SAFETY RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
|
| An automated air sampling system comprising an OPTIC GC injector was evaluated with the nerve agent VX. The system is suitable for the near real time monitoring of VX vapor in humid air at a concentration level of 0.1 mg/m3. Lower concentrations remain to be investigated. |
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| Passive Badge Assessment for Long-term, Low-level Air Monitoring on Submarines: Chamber Validation |
31 OCT 2005 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly P. Williams; Susan L. Rose-Pehrsson; David A. Kidwell; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CHEMISTRY DIV
|
| Exposure chambers were designed and engineered for validating passive diffusion badges for long-term atmospheric monitoring onboard U.S. Navy nuclear submarines. This a validation study of the reproducibility among five identical chambers. Long-term sampling was evaluated for a 21-day period by comparing the response of a passive badge to an active tube sampling method while they were simultaneously exposed to homogeneous test vapors. The results provided by the five exposure chambers ... |
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| Metabonomics of Pig Blood Plasma Following Whole Body Exposure to Low Levels of Gb Vapor |
01 OCT 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Vicky L. Bevilacqua; Terreiice G. D'Onofrio; K. M. Jakubowski; Stanley W. Hulet; Kelly J. Maguire; Jennifer L. Edwards; James A. Laramee; Mark D. Brickhouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Chemometric approaches have the potential to enhance defense operations against chemical warfare agents (CWAs), for which complex data must be analyzed. Therefore, we have begun an exploration of the use of chemometrics for the correlation of metabolic change with low-level CWA exposure in animal models. In this exploratory study, pigs were exposed to GB (sarin) over a range of concentrations (0.028-0.310 mg/cubic meters) and exposure times (0-180 minutes). Blood (4-8 ... |
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| Cavitands: Molecules With Enhanced Selectivity for Chem/Bio Detection |
01 OCT 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Devanand K. Shenoy; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR BIOMOLECULAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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| The selective response of supramolecular structures, cavitands, is demonstrated using a sensitive optical transduction scheme, surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The methylene bridged cavitands (MeCav) with shallow cavities do not complex aromatic vapors, the pyrazine bridged cavitands (PzCav) show intermediate selectivity whereas the quinoxaline bridged cavitands (QxCav) with the deepest cavities show the best selectivity for aromatic vapors. A comparison with polymer sensing layers, PECH and PIB, shows cavitands are more ... |
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| Study of Cryogenic Plasma in Superfluid Liquid Helium |
23 AUG 2005 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Misoon Y. Mah; Osamu Ishihara; YOKOHAMA NATIONAL UNIV (JAPAN) FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
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| The work describes work on Study of Cryogenic Plasma in Superfluid Liquid Helium (Principal investigator: O. Ishihara, AOARD-04-4018) for the period from June 7, 2004 to August 6, 2005. A preliminary experiment to produce a DC discharge plasma in a vapor of liquid helium started. In addition, a complex plasma with charged fine particles in the cryogenic environment has been also produced successfully. The analytical study on the experimental results ... |
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| Inhalation and Percutaneous Toxicokinetics of Sulfur Mustard and Its Adducts in Hairless Guinea Pigs and Marmosets. Efficacy of Naval Scavengers |
AUG 2005 |
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| Authors:
Jan P. Langenberg; Henk C. Trap; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
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| As a follow-up to contract DAMD17-94-V-4O09, the inhalation toxicokinetics of sulfur mustard were studied in more detail in the hairless guinea pig as well as in the marmoset. Hairless guinea pigs were 5-min nose-only exposed to 0.3 and 1 LCt5O. The distribution of sulfurmustard in the respiratory tract was measured at various time-points after exposure. The DNA- adduct levels increased and subsequently decreased with time. The highest levels were found ... |
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| Rigorous Mathematical Modeling of an Adsorption System With Electrothermal Regeneration of the Used Adsorbent |
28 JUL 2005 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Menka Petkovska; Danijela Antov-Bozalo; Ana Markovic; BELGRADE UNIV (YUGOSLAVIA)
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| The general objective of the project is fundamental mathematical modeling of a complex TSA system with electrothermal desorption step, with adsorbers assembled of one or more activated carbon fiber clot (ACFC) cartridge-type, radial flow fixed beds and with in-vessel condensation of the desorbed vapor. During the first stage of the project, a mathematical model of a single cartridge without condensation was developed and used for simulation. the objective of this, ... |
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| Dielectric and Infrared Properties of TiO2 Films Containing Anatase and Rutile |
18 JUL 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
T. Busani; R. A. Devine; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE CENTER FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY MATERIALS
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| Electrical and optical properties of low-temperature, plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposited films of Ti02 have been studied; the source gases were TiCl4 and O2. The amorphous, as-deposited films had a dielectric constant ~33 consistent with their measured density of 3.2 0.2 g cm - . Films deposited using a -41 V substrate bias contained the anatase phase and some rutile as evidenced from infrared spectroscopy and x-ray scattering. Annealing of ... |
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| Unsteady Outflow of the Vapour into Vacuum from the Flat Surface |
13 JUL 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
German A. Lukyanov; SAINT PETERSBURG STATE POLYTECHNICAL UNIV (RUSSIA) CENTER FOR ADVANCED STUDIES
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| Unsteady expansion of the vapour into vacuum from the flat surface was studied by the direct simulation Monte-Carlo method. The vapour was considered as monatomic gas (the model of hard spheres). The flow structure and parameters in the ranges of flow regimes from free-molecular to continual were investigated. |
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| Diffusiophoresis of a Spherical Volatile Particle |
13 JUL 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Kazuo Aoki; Masatake Hatano; Shingo Kosuge; Shigeru Takata; KYOTO UNIV (JAPAN) DEPT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
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| A spherical condensed phase (volatile particle) is placed in an infinite expanse of a binary mixture consisting of the vapor of the condensed phase and another noncondensable gas. The mixture is assumed to be at rest with uniform pressure and temperature at infinity. However, the vapor and the noncondensable gas have small uniform density (or concentration) gradients of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction. The flows of both ... |
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