| Emerging Regional Energy Security Issues China |
29-Sep-2009 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
David Pumphrey; CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES WASHINGTON DC
|
 | AVOIDING RESOURCE CONFLICTS: Key energy security issue is dealing with the growth in Chinese energy demand * Resource conflict is not inevitable in a global market * Investments by Chinese companies likely to increase total production available * China should be brought into organizations and processes promoting collaboration on energy security * IEA is principal body but will need to modify its charter * Members will have to make room ... |
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| Protecting Identifiers in Cross-Domain Environments |
Jun-2009 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Sam Chamberlain; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Unique identification of objects and their associated data representations have received significant attention in the past 10 years. Developing an efficient identifier allocation and tracking scheme that transparently spans security domains requires finesse. It is not uncommon for information to be created in a lower security domain and copied to a higher domain. The rigor by which the data is maintained varies widely, as does the resulting difficulty in maintaining ... |
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| A Computational Study of Laminate Transparent Armor Impacted by FSP |
Jun-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
C G Fountzoulas; J M Sands; B A Cheeseman; P G Dehmer; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| The current report reports on our efforts to simulate the ballistic impact of a fragment simulating projectile (FSP) into a Lexan 9034 polycarbonate (PC)- polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA), which was a Plexiglas G manufactured by Atofina Chemicals, - Lexan 9034 Polycarbonate laminate system, with and without the presence of polyurethane adhesive, using the nonlinear analysis software AUTODYN. The simulation results, which included V50 measurements, were compared to the ballistic results from the ... |
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| A Computational Study of the Energy Dissipation Through an Acrylic Target Impacted by Various Size FSP |
Jun-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
C G Fountzoulas; J M Sands; P G Dehmer; J H Yu; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| Recent advances in the numerical techniques, higher computing power and materials model have allowed the accurate simulation of the ballistic impact into monolithic and multi-layer transparent armor configurations. In the current effort, the velocity profile during the ballistic impact of 0.22-cal and 0.15-cal fragment simulating projectiles (FSP) into a polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) target, which was a Plexiglas G manufactured by Atofina Chemicals was simulated using the ANSYS/AUTODYN commercial software. Our successful ... |
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| Dynamic Failure Processes Under Confining Stress in AlON, a Transparent Polycrystalline Ceramic |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
James W McCauley; B Paliwal; K T Ramesh; Mingwei Chen; SANDIA NATIONAL LABS ALBUQUERQUE NM
|
| An experimental technique is developed to impose a planar lateral confinement in a prismatic specimen (with rectangular cross-section); the setup enabled a controlled and homogeneous stress state with high lateral compressive stresses. A transparent polycrystalline aluminum oxynitride (AlON) specimen was used for the study. The statically pre-compressed specimen was then subjected to axial dynamic compressive loading using a modified compression Kolsky bar setup. Experimental design was performed using 3D computational ... |
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| 50th Anniversary Celebration: 46th Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference on Advances and Needs in Multi-Spectral Transparent Materials Technology |
01-Sep-2008 |
170 pages |
| Authors:
James W McCauley; James M Sands; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| Since 1954, the Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference has brought together scientists and engineers from government, industry, and academia for in-depth discussions on cutting edge materials technology issues of critical importance to the U.S. Army community. The 46th Sagamore Army Materials Research Conference continued this tradition with a focus on Advances and Needs in Multi-Spectral Transparent Materials Technology. Held at the Harbourtowne Golf Resort and Conference Center, St. Michaels, MD, ... |
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| Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative on Ultracold Atom Optics |
09-Apr-2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Dana Z Anderson; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER
|
| Work under the MURI in Ultracold Atom Optics Science and Technology has contributed substantially to the development of new technology and knowledge toward practical implementations of both ultracold matter and slow light systems. Work on cold matter focused on simplifying systems for producing Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and studied both optical and atom chip based approaches. The chip-based approaches in particular have proved to enable substantial reduction in the size, weight ... |
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| High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Laminates |
01-Apr-2008 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Elmar Straburger; M O Steinhauser; FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E V MUNICH (GERMANY F R)
|
| Conventional transparent armor consists of glass laminates with polymer interlayer and backing. It has been demonstrated that the materials, the ratio of materials, and the type and thickness of the interlayers affect the ballistic efficiency of the laminate. Borosilicate glass, Starphire ultra-clear soda-lime glass, and the transparent, polycrystalline ceramic AION are materials being considered for transparent armor applications. A comprehensive series of Edge-on Impact tests has been conducted in order ... |
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| High-Speed Transmission Shadowgraphic and Dynamic Photoelasticity Study of Stress Wave and Impact Damage Propagation in Transparent Materials and Laminates Using the Edge-On Impact (EOI) Method |
MAR 2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Elmar Strassburger; Parimal Patel; James W. McCauley; Christopher Kovalchick; K. T. Ramesh; Douglas W. Templeton; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| In order to accelerate the development of validated design and predictive performance models, the Army Research Laboratory, the U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research Development and Engineering Center, and the Material Center of Excellence at Johns Hopkins University have entered into a collaboration with The Ernst-Mach Institute (EMI) of Efringen-Kirchen, Germany. The unique, fully instrumented Edge-on Impact facility at EMI, modified for dynamic photoelasticity, is being used to quantify stress wave ... |
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| Development of Multifunctional Ultra-Nonlinear Liquids and Liquid Crystals for Sensor Protection Applications |
MAR 2008 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
I. C. Khoo; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK OFFICE OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS
|
| A multi-prong program of study has been conducted that encompassed nonlinear optical material synthesis, quantitative characterization, design and proof of concept demonstration of practical devices for eye/sensor protection against agile frequency lasers in the entire visible spectrum. Significant breakthroughs have been achieved in developing supra-nonlinear liquid crystalline films that possess extraordinarily large photorefractive responses, low switching thresholds and useful properties not available in other existing photorefractive materials. A class of ... |
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| Novel Conductive Coatings of Carbon Nanotubes: A Fundamental Study |
29 FEB 2008 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Duck J. Yang; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS RICHARDSON
|
| Among several CNT samples we tested, the best performance result we have achieved is with metallic SWNT (m- SWNT) coated on PEN (poly-ethylene-naphthalate) transparent composite film: it gave conductivity of 1 30/sq with 80% transmittance at 400-700nm wavelength range. In contrast,, current commercially available single side inorganic, brittle ITO coated PET film gave 88/sq with 80% transmittance. Our sample mentioned above was prepared with double side coating using a dipping ... |
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| Strategic Maritime Domain Awareness: Supporting the National Strategy for Maritime Security |
29-Jan-2008 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Francis J Campion; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The National Strategy for Maritime Security seeks to protect U.S. national and global maritime security interests by preventing aftacks and safeguarding the ocean and its resources through maximum threat and situational awareness across the vast maritime domain The purpose of this project is to present a model for Strategic Maritime Domain Awareness that will enhance U.S. maritime security by linking the national and global maritime domains using the capabilities of ... |
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| Modeling Transparent Armor Behaviors Subject to Projectile Impact |
27 JAN 2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Xin Sun; Kevin C. Lai; Tara Gorsich; Douglas W. Templeton; BATTELLE PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABS RICHLAND WA
|
| Design and manufacturing of transparent armor have been historically carried out using experimental approaches. In this study, we use advanced computational modeling tools to perform virtual design evaluations of transparent armor systems under different projectile impact conditions. AHPCRC developed modeling software EPIC'06 is used in predicting the penetration resistance of transparent armor systems. LaGrangian-based finite element analyses combined with particle dynamics are used to simulate the damage initiation and propagation ... |
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| Ballistic Transparent Armor Testing Using A Multi-Hit Rifle Pattern |
DEC 2007 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony M. Dolan; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| Currently, the United States Army does not have a ballistic standard for measuring the multi-hit performance of its transparent armor (TA). The results of this testing may aid in the establishment of a ballistic performance standard. A draft TACOM Transparent Armor Purchase Document (ATPD 2352) has been written based on early testing. This study adds data to validate the outlined ballistic testing method and conformance of the TA to the ... |
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| Military Deception: Transparency in the Information Age |
06-Nov-2007 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Edwin J Grohe; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| The Information Age has brought about an overwhelming amount of possible intelligence sources. Operational Deception, which grants the operational commander freedom of action, relies on confusing the adversary either through a flood of conflicting information or a supply of incorrect information. There are three main sources of unclassified information that must be accounted for when trying to create this information confusion: commercially available satellite imagery, open source information, and 24/7 ... |
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| Transparent Composite Utilizing Nonlinear Optical Polymers |
SEP 2007 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel J. O'Brien; Joshua A. Orlicki; J. D. Demaree; James K. Hirvonen; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| Polymer composites are attractive candidates for lightweight armor applications and can be made transparent by matching constituent refractive indices (RIs). Unfortunately, RI matching is difficult since the indices must be matched to approximately the third decimal place, and the matrix RI is very sensitive to factors such as temperature and stress state. Therefore, index matched systems are transparent only over a narrow temperature range. In order to capitalize on the ... |
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| Unique Anamorphic Lens Design Used for Femtosecond Micromachining in Transparent Bulk Materials (Preprint) |
AUG 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Chris Brewer; Shane Juhl; Peter Powers; Mark Walker; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE
|
| A unique anamorphic lens design was applied to a circular 780nm femtosecond laser pulse to transform it into a narrow line spread at focus. This lens was developed to give an alternative method of micromachining bulk transparent materials. The challenge for femtosecond laser processing is to control the nonlinear affect of self-focusing, which can occur when using a fast f-number lens. Once the focused spot is dominated by self-focusing the ... |
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| Femtosecond Laser Threshold and Nonlinear Characterization in Bulk Transparent SiC Materials (Preprint) |
AUG 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Chris Brewer; Shane Juhl; G. L. DesAutels; Peter Powers; Mark Walker; Marc Finet; Scott Ristich; Matt Whitaker; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE
|
| Semi-insulating and conducting SiC crystalline transparent substrates were studied after being processed by femtosecond laser radiation. Z-scan and damage threshold experiments were performed on both SiC bulk materials to determine each samples' nonlinear and threshold parameters. "Damage" in this text refers to an index of refraction modification as observed visually under an optical microscope. In addition, a study was performed to understand the damage threshold as a function of numerical ... |
|
| International Conference: Fundamentals of Laser Assisted Micro- & Nanotechnologies (FLAMN-07). Workshop: Laser Cleaning and Artworks Conservation (LCAC). St. Petersburg, Russia, 25-28 June 2007. Abstracts |
28-Jun-2007 |
165 pages |
| Authors:
SAINT PETERSBURG STATE UNIV OF INFO TECHNOLOGIES MECHANICS AND OPTICS (RUSSIA)
|
| The Final Proceedings for Fundamentals of Laser Assisted Micro & Nanotechnologies, 25 June 2007 - 28 June 2007. Physical fundamentals of laser based microtechnologies, modelling and quantitative analysis. Precision laser microshaping: cutting, drilling etc. Local laser modification of different materials composition and properties. Laser surface microstructuring. Laser melting, welding and soldering of microcomponents including plastics. Pulsed laser deposition including LIFT. Laser based methods of photonics components fabrication. Laser cleaning of ... |
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| Transparent Calibrated Moisture Boot for UH-60 Pitch Trim Actuator |
07 JUN 2007 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
NATIONAL CENTER FOR DEFENSE MANUFACTURING AND MACHINING LATROBE PA
|
| The UH-60 Black Hawk Helicopter Pitch Trim Actuator manufactured by MOOG Inc. Aircraft Group currently utilizes a black opaque dust and moisture boot for protecting a rotating shaft and seal. During normal operation, hydraulic fluid can seep past the seal and collect in the boot. Currently, there is no way to determine the amount of fluid that has collected in the boot. This fluid will continue to collect in the ... |
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| Turbulence and Complex Flow Phenomena in Multi-Stage Axial Turbomachines |
10 MAY 2007 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph Katz; Charles Meneveau; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The objective of this project is to measure the flow within axial turbomachines and use the data to address turbulence modeling issues. Measurements are performed in two-stage transparent machines located in an optically index matched facility, which allows unobstructed 2-D and Stereo PIV measurements. Data provide insight on blade-wake, wake- boundary layer and wake-wake interactions. This report examines and elucidates several phenomena: i. Variations in turbulence within a wake generated ... |
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| A Study of Pre-Stress Effect on Dynamic Failure of Transparent Brittle Materials |
MAR 2007 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
G. I. Kanel; S. V. Razorenov; A. S. Savinykh; G. S. Bezruchko; G. V. Garkushin; G. E. Ivanchikhina; RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MOSCOW INST FOR HIGH ENERGY DENSITIES
|
| The report presents results of studying the pre-stress effect on dynamic failure of K8 crown glass, K14 crown glass, fused quartz and sapphire crystals. A technology of radial pre-compression of glass samples has been worked out. Controlled confinement pressure on the specimen in a range of 150 MPa to 550 MPa was provided by installing a shrink-fit metal sleeve on the lateral surface of the glass specimen disk. Results of ... |
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| Recycled Glass and Dredged Materials |
MAR 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Lee Landris T.; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB
|
| This technical note explores the concepts and applications of recovering and reusing two common disposable materials (crushed glass and dredged spoil) for beneficial engineering purposes. Dewatered fine-grained dredged material (DM) amended with glass cullet may prove to be a marketable combination especially useful as an engineered material and construction aggregate substitute. RECYCLED GLASS: Glass is manufactured from silica sand (SiO2) and other compounds, and occurs naturally as black obsidian rock ... |
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| Military Base Closures: Opportunities Exist to Improve Environmental Cleanup Cost Reporting and to Expedite Transfer of Unneeded Property |
JAN 2007 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| While expected environmental cleanup costs for unneeded property arising from the 2005 BRAC round are not yet fully known, Department of Defense (DOD) data indicate that about $950 million will be needed to clean up these bases, adding to the estimated $13.2 billion total cleanup cost for the prior rounds. Although DOD's cleanup program has matured compared to prior BRAC rounds, there are still many unknowns and the cleanup estimate ... |
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| Optically Transparent Nanoporous Glasspolymer Composites |
01 NOV 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
D. J. O'Brien; T. F. Juliano; P. J. Patel; S. H. McKnight; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| Proper design of lightweight laminated composite armor relies on the engineer's ability to specify the acoustic impedance of each layer. In conventional, opaque laminated armor systems, stress waves can be efficiently transmitted throughout the structure with a gradual variation of the acoustic impedance from one layer to the next. In transparent systems, however, the engineer can only choose between monolithic glass, ceramic, or polymer systems, resulting in a large acoustic ... |
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| Towards Failure Pattern Formation in Brittle Materials |
01-Nov-2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
M A Grinfeld; J W McCauley; S E Schoenfeld; T W Wright; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Several Edge-on Impact (EOI) tests on transparent glasses and polycrystalline ceramics have shown that failure fronts have an extremely rough morphology, including the appearance of spikes. A simple thermodynamic theory has been used to interpret the observed morphological instability of failure fronts. For the case of isotropic phases, the instability criterion can be obtained in explicit form. |
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| Improved Low-Cost Multi-Hit Transparent Armor |
01 NOV 2006 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Parimal J. Patel; ALEX J. HSIEH; Gary A. Gilde; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| Operation Iraqi Freedom has clearly demonstrated the criticality of transparent armor in many Army systems. As the threats have escalated and become more varied, the challenges for rapidly developing optimized threat specific transparent armor packages have become extremely complex. The current industry methodology is to add more glass layers to increase the thickness and thus weight to achieve new protection requirements. ARL began a program to develop a transparent armor ... |
|
| Unraveling Dynamic Mechanical Deformation in Segmented Polyurethanes: From High Strain-Rate Hardening to Complete Fold Recovery |
NOV 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
A. J. Hsieh; J. Yi; B. D. Pate; M. C. Boyce; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| In light of the increased threat from terrorist activities in recent years, there is a critical need for lightweight transparent ballistic shield materials that are mechanically robust and have multi-functional properties. Transparent segmented polyurethanes (PU) in particular have shown potential for use as rigid ballistic shields and as lens materials for flexible C/B protective face masks. The performance specifications required for each application are quite different, and the current state-of-the-art ... |
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| Evaluation of Hot Isostatic Pressing Parameters on the Optical and Ballistic Properties of Spinel for Transparent Armor |
NOV 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Gary Gilde; Parimal Patel; James Sands; Philip Patterson; David Blodgett; Donald Duncan; Daniel Hahn; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The effect of different hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing temperatures and pressures on the optical properties of spinel was studied. Extinction coefficients of spinel samples were estimated by comparing the measured transmittance with the theoretical transmittance as calculated via a Sellmeier model. Results showed that the relative size of the scattering sites was large compared to the wavelengths of light. Overall, increasing HIP temperature and pressure resulted in decreasing ... |
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| Progress Towards a Benchtop Energetics Capability (BRIEFING CHARTS) |
JUN 2006 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Mario E. Fajardo; William K. Lewis; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EGLIN AFB FL MUNITIONS DIRECTORATE
|
| The incorporation of nanometric (sub-micron size) metal fuel and oxidizer particles into energetic materials is a promising approach to increasing significantly the systems-level performance of munitions. We propose to exploit the phenomenon of laser driven shock initiation of energetic materials to enable bench-scale testing of initiation mechanisms and energy-release reaction kinetics of nanometric energetic materials using methods which utilize a minimum of often rare and expensive energetic materials, and which ... |
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| The Coherent Nonlinear Optical Response and Control of Single Quantum Dots |
20 JUL 2005 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Duncan G. Steel; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| Work on this program is aimed at developing and understanding nano-optical structures with emphasis on developing quantum optical-based devices. Specific work focused on semiconductor quantum dots. The major achievements include the first demonstration of an all optically driven quantum NOT-gate based on using the exciton-Bloch vector as the qubit (Science 2003). We also demonstrated optical density matrix tomography on this system. Since the fast recombination time of quantum dot excitons ... |
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| Microfluidic Integration on Detector Array for Absorption and Fluorescence Micro-Spectrometers |
01 JUN 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Mark L. Adam; Markus Enzelberger; Stephen Quake; Axel Scherer; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
|
| We describe a new approach for miniaturizing spectrometers by combining replica molded elastomeric micro-channels with filtered silicon detector arrays. Elastomers are excellent transparent materials, which provide hermetic seals to silicon dioxide and allow sensitive absorption and fluorescent spectroscopy in the visible and near-UV wavelength range. When integrated on dense detector arrays, such spectroscopy can be conducted on picoliter sample volumes. Elastomeric fluidic systems also permit easy integration of spectroscopic measurements ... |
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| Multi-Spectral Optical Techniques for Communication and Computation |
30 OCT 2004 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel J. Blumenthal; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| In this research project the team studied unique gain and signal processing capabilities of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The main areas studied over the 5 years of this award were: 1. Small signal processing using SOAs; 2. Large signal pulse shaping using SOAs; and 3. Optical signal processing and filtering using slow optical waveguides based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In this PECASE sponsored research they investigated the potential for ... |
|
| Dynamic Visual Acuity Assessment Through Visors |
AUG 2004 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Alan R. Pinkus; Harry L. Task; Martha A. Hausmann; Maryann H. Barbato; Charles D. Goodyear; TASK CONSULTING DAYTON OH
|
| This study was undertaken to determine the utility of a dynamic visual acuity assessment methodology for examining the effects of looking through a transparent component on visual performance. The different types of transparent components that can be investigated using this methodology include, but are not limited to, night vision goggles, tinted visors, laser eye protection spectacles, and aircraft windscreens. Transparency attributes that can be investigated include transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient, ... |
|
| Future Generation Network Architecture (New Arch) |
JUN 2004 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
David Clark; Karen Sollins; John Wroclawski; Dina Katabi; Joanna Kulik; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MARINA DEL REY INFORMATION SCIENCES INST
|
| This report describes an effort to understand how the Internet might be designed today if we could make a fresh start. The goal is to understand the current set of requirements that drive the Internet, and to offer long-term directions to help guide the evolution of the Internet in response to these requirements. |
|
| Preparation of ZnGeP2 for Nonlinear Optical Applications: Melt and Homoepitaxial Vapor Growth, Properties of the Grown Crystals |
APR 2004 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Alexander I. Gribenyukov; INSTITUTE OF OPTICAL MONITORING OF SIBERIA TOMSK (RUSSIA)
|
| Nonlinear optical materials are needed for use in atmospheric monitoring and remote sensing applications. ZnGeP2 is one of the most highly efficient nonlinear optical media for the middle infrared. This paper describes a research program to grow ZnGeP2 crystals and to investigate the relationship of composition to crystal structure to optical properties. The latter (transparency and damage threshold) determines the use of the material in nonlinear optics. It is known ... |
|
| The Effects of PMMA on Ballistic Impact Performance of Hybrid Hard/ Ductile All-Plastic- and Glass-Plastic-Based Composites |
FEB 2004 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Alex J. Hsieh; Daniel Deschepper; Paul Moy; Peter G. Dehmer; John W. Song; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The U.S. Army Research Laboratory is focusing on utilizing the materials-by-design strategy in the development of transparent armor systems to achieve lightweight, mobility, enhanced survivability, and lower life cycle costs for the soldiers and ground vehicle protection. The focus of this research is to identify the material parameters that are critical for the ballistic performance of hybrid hard/ductile laminate systems. We evaluated the role of poly(methyl methacrylate), (PMMA), on the ... |
|
| Ferroelectric Thin Film Development |
10 DEC 2003 |
108 pages |
| Authors:
Taran V. Harman; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| The long-term goal of the research project initiated with this thesis is the development of lead-free, fully-transparent ferroelectric devices, such as ferroelectric capacitors or ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistors. Ferroelectric materials exhibit spontaneous polarization with the application of an external electric field, which is persistent upon removal of the applied field, and can be reversed by applying a field of opposite polarity. Ferroelectric thin films can be used in non-volatile memory applications ... |
|
| Low-Cost Deposition Methods for Transparent Thin-Film Transistors |
26 SEP 2003 |
188 pages |
| Authors:
Benjamin J. Norris; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS
|
| The objective of this dissertation is to introduce low-cost processing methods for the fabrication of ZnO transparent thin-film transistors "TTFTs". A novel method for depositing ZnO body layers via spin-coating of a zinc nitrate-based spin solution is presented. The processing conditions of spin-coated ZnO are optimized to produce continuous and polycrystalline thin-films. Optimal spin-coated ZnO thin-films are obtained for a 32 nm thick film which is converted to ZnO at ... |
|
| p-Type Transparent Electronics |
25 SEP 2003 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Melinda M. Valencia; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS
|
| The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the development of p-type materials for transparent electronics applications. Thin films of ?-BaCu2S2, a p-type semi-transparent semiconductor, are fabricated and characterized. ?-BaCu2S2 has a transmittance of 60% to 80 % in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The mobility, conductivity, and carrier concentration of ?-BaCu2S2 are 3.5 cm2/V-s 17 S/cm, and 1019 cm−3, respectively. The potential use of BaCu2S2 in ... |
|
| NUWC XP-1 Polyurethane-Urea: A New, Acoustically Transparent Encapsulant for Underwater Transducers and Hydrophones |
01-Sep-2003 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas Ramotowski; Kirk Jenne; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| Almost all acoustic projectors and hydrophones are encapsulated in polymeric materials. These coatings protect the underlying sensors and electronics from physical damage and water ingression, while allowing the passage of acoustical energy without significant reflection, loss, or distortion. Critical material parameters for superior acoustical performance include: (1) density and sound speeds close to those of seawater; (2) low mechanical loss tangent; (3) medium to high shear loss tangent; (4) low ... |
|
| Concept and Technology Exploration for Transparent Hearing |
MAY 2003 |
142 pages |
| Authors:
William L. Chapin; Patrick M. Zurek; Barbara Shinn-Cunningham; Nathaniel Durlach; Mark Bolas; AUSIM INC MOUNTAIN VIEW CA
|
| Modern militaries are challenged to physically protect open-field personnel from a great variety of life and effectiveness threats, including chemical, biological, laser, ballistic, and percussive weapons. Many chemical and biological threats require covering all orifices, including the ears, to achieve minimal protection. Additionally, warfighting involves operating in very close proximity to loud equipment, from which the noise can degrade an individual 5 auditory perception, and over time can degrade general ... |
|
| Development of Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulators for mid-IR radiation, Addressed by Visible Radiation |
OCT 2002 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Vladimir Y. Venediktov; INSTITUTE FOR LASER PHYSICS SAINT PETERSBURG (RUSSIA)
|
| This report results from a contract tasking Research Institute for Laser Physics as follows: Recent years has shown fast progress in the development of the technique of compensation for distortions in laser and imaging optical systems working in the visible spectral range through the use of dynamic holographic recording in optically-addressed liquid crystal spatial light modulators. However, this has not been extended to the mid-IR due to the lack of ... |
|
| Compact Adaptive Optics Systems (CAOS) |
27 AUG 2002 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
A. H. Greenway; HERIOT-WATT UNIV EDINBURGH (UNITED KINGDOM) DEPT OF PHYSICS
|
| As feasibility study has been conducted to investigate whether compact adaptive optical (AO) systems based on the use of transparent wavefront modulators are viable. The results presented here consider the generic properties of suitable wavefront sensor technologies and establish sufficient conditions for their exploitation. Schemes by means of which these properties might be exploited in a multi-conjugate AO system are then considered. It is shown that the prospects for such ... |
|
| Micro Laser Plasma Thrusters for Small Satellites |
AUG 2002 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Claude R. Phipps; PHOTONIC ASSOCIATES SANTA FE NM
|
| We developed and tested a preprototype micro laser plasma thruster (micro-LPT). This is a new departure in sub-kilogram micropropulsion modules, which we believe can compare favorably with the micro-PPT in total impulse/dry mass and thrust/power ratios. A lens focuses the light output of a group of fiber-coupled diode lasers onto a special ablatant tape. The tape is composed of a transparent supporting layer through which the light passes without perforating ... |
|
| Towards Improved Optical Limiters |
03 MAY 2002 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Peter D. Huffman; NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD
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| Optical limiters are materials that are transparent to low-intensity, ambient light but become opaque to high-intensity light. Such materials are of particular interest to the Navy for protecting optical sensors and human eyes from battlefield lasers. The most successful optical limiters known are soluble phthalocyanines, in particular those metallated with lead and indium. Yet further improvements are needed. This research project used a two-pronged approach to create improved optical limiters. ... |
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| Publications/Patents/Presentations/Honors/Students Report: Modification of Mossbauer Spectra by Laser Radiation |
2002 |
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| Authors:
Olga Kocharovskaya; Zameer Hasan; James Carroll; TEXAS A AND M UNIV COLLEGE STATION DEPT OF PHYSICS
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 | Listing of publications, patents filed, presentations given and detailed description and status of the experimental research on modification of Mossbauer spectra by laser radiation. |
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| Optical, Electrical and Microstructural Properties of Tin Doped Indium Oxide Films Made from Sintered Nanoparticles |
NOV 2001 |
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| Authors:
Annette Hultaker; Anders Hoel; Claes-Goran Granqvist; Arie van Doorn; Michel J. Jongerius; UPPSALA UNIV (SWEDEN) DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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| Thin transparent and electrically conductive films of tin doped indium oxide (ITO) were made by sintering of nanoparticle dispersions. The resistivity decreased to 1 - 10(exp -2) Omega cm upon treatment at 800 deg C, while the luminous transmittance remained high. The property evolution was connected with sintering and densification as studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Fluorescence and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis. |
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| Preparation of Optically Transparent Films of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and Montmorillonite |
NOV 2001 |
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| Authors:
Elena Vasiliu; Chyi-Shan Wang; Richard A. Vaia; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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| Transparent polymeric material with enhanced thermal, mechanical and barrier properties are of special interest for advanced structural, optical and photonic applications. The present paper reports a novel solution processing scheme for fabricating optically transparent polymer nanocomposites involving organophilic layered silicates. It is shown that the nanocomposite material prepared with PMMA and an organically modified montmorrilonite maintains the excellent optical transparency of PMMA. Small-angle x-ray scattering of the polymer nanocomposite material ... |
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| Nanocomposite Coatings - Applications and Properties |
NOV 2001 |
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| Authors:
Roger H. Cayton; R. W. Brotzman Jr.; NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORP ROMEOVILLE IL
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| Nanocomposite coatings were made by incorporating nano-sized and micron-sized alumina into aqueous and non-aqueous polymer systems. At approximately 50 wt% nano-sized alumina a synergistic effect was observed in coating hardness with no degradation in optical properties. |
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