| Department of Transportation Dermal Test of Neutralized GB Hydrolysate in Rabbits |
Jul-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Ruth W Moretz; James H Manthei; Jeffry S Forster; Bernardita I Gaviola; Charlene M Corun; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
 | The Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives Branch was tasked with the destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles at the Blue Grass Army Depot, Kentucky. This study addressed the dermal hazard of pH adjusted neutralized GB hydrolysate since the material may be transported off-site. The material does not warrant being classified as a Class 5, Division 6.1 Poison. The neutralized GB hydrolysate produced erythema and edema with a Primary Irritation Score of 4.54. ... |
|
| Genetic Manipulation of Mammary Stem Cells to Reconcile Tumor Stem Cell Theory with Breast Cancer Heterogeneity |
Jul-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Justine Hutchinson; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This report serves as a progress report on the first year of my training grant. I have just completed my fourth year as a graduate student in Dartmouth Medical School's Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, part of the Program in Experimental Molecular Medicine (PEMM). Dr. James DiRenzo serves as my mentor and chair of my thesis committee, and also directs the lab where I work, hereafter referred to as the ... |
|
| Design of Energetic Ionic Liquids |
12-May-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Sharon Hammes-Schiffer; Jerry A Boatz; Mark S Gordon; Gregory A Voth; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| An essential need of the US Air Force is the discovery, development, and fielding of new, energetic materials for advanced chemical propulsion in space and missile applications. Some of the key factors driving the requirement for new chemical propellants include: (a) improved performance in terms of increased specific impulse and density, (b) reduced sensitivity to external stimuli such as impact, friction, shock, and electrostatic discharge, and (c) mitigation of environmental ... |
|
| Soil Microbial Activity Benchmarks (Provisional) for Ecological Risk Assessments at Explosives-Contaminated Sites: Promoting Range Sustainability |
Dec-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
R G Kuperman; R T Checkai; C T Phillips; M Simini; S Dodard; J Hawari; S Rocheleau; M Joly; G I Sunahara; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The Army Strategy for the Environment applies an ecosystem approach to managing natural resources on Army installations. It incorporates the principles of sustainability across the Army into all functional areas. We conducted investigations to develop critical data required for successful management of Army installations in a sustainable manner and for the knowledge-based decision making. Assessment and protection of the terrestrial environment at Army testing and training ranges is being advanced ... |
|
| Drug Usage in Pilots Involved in Aviation Accidents Compared With Drug Usage in the General Population: From 1990 to 2005 |
APR 2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Sabra R. Botch; Robert D. Johnson; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| Civil aviation pilots represent a small subsection of the general population. Therefore, one might expect to see the same types of drugs used by pilots that are found in the general population. The purpose of this study was to compare usage of both illegal drugs and abused prescription medications in pilots involved in civil aviation accidents from 1990 to 2005 with that of the general population in the United States. ... |
|
| Chemical/Radiation Hormesis Database, Evaluation of Hormetic Mechanisms and their Biomedical and Risk Assessment Implications |
MAR 2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Edward J. Calabrese; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV AMHERST SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
|
| This project assessed the biomedical and toxicological literature for evidence of hormesis, its frequency in the literature and its underlying mechanistic foundation. This work was supported by the continued development of the hormesis database and the conduct of a high level international conference on hormesis held annually. Particular focus was given to the area of neuroscience and hormesis in the literature assessment. Fourteen manuscripts concerning hormesis and neuroscience have been ... |
|
| Mechanism of Action of Botulinum Neurotoxin and Overview of Medical Countermeasures for Intoxication |
Jan-2008 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Adler; George Oyler; Frank J Lebeda; Sharad S Deshpande; James D Nicholson; James P Apland; Jaime Anderson; Charles B Millard; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs)* comprise a family of seven distinct neurotoxic proteins (A-G) produced by immunologically discrete strains of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum and in rare cases by Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum (Habermann and Dreyer, 1986; Harvey et al., 2002; Simpson, 2004). These toxins act on peripheral cholinergic synapses to inhibit spontaneous and impulse-dependent release of acetylcholine (ACh) (Brooks, 1956; Kao et al., 1976). Intoxication by BoNT results ... |
|
| The Role of NAD+ Depletion in the Mechanisms of Sulfur Mustard-Induced Metabolic Injury |
Jan-2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Margaret E Martens; William J Smith; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Results of our previous studies on the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide) suggested that mustard-induced inhibition of glycolysis is not solely a function of NAD+ depletion. To define the role of NAD+ in mustard-induced metabolic injury, we examined the effects of mustard +/- niacinamide on energy metabolism in cultured human keratinocytes. Sulfur mustard caused concentration-dependent decreases in viable cell number and ATP content at 24 hours, but not ... |
|
| Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of CS and Synthesis of Its Novel Analogs |
OCT 2007 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Shekar Munavalli; Dennis K. Rohrbaugh; H. D. Durst; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP (SAIC) ABINGDON MD
|
| Of the potential five groups of less-than-lethal riot control and crowd management agents, three groups, namely co-chloroacetophenones (CN), benzylidene malononitriles (CS-type), and dibenzooxazepines (CR) have found frequent use. Of the three groups, chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) is the most popularly used non-lethal agent in riot control situations and military exercises. With a view to improve its properties and enhance its effectiveness, 15 new CS analogs incorporating fluorine and fluorine-containing groups have ... |
|
| Antiemetics With Concomitant Sedative Use in Civil Aviation Pilot Fatalities: From 2000 to 2006 |
OCT 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Sabra R. Botch; Robert D. Johnson; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| Many drugs commonly used for the treatment of various ailments can be dangerous when used in combination. Antiemetics and sedatives are two drug classes that contain compounds that may have harmful side effects when mixed. A drug such as chlorpheniramine with antiemetic properties can dramatically increase the negative side effects of numerous drugs in the sedative class. This phenomenon is especially dangerous for pilots. Although many of these compounds are ... |
|
| Feasibility of Biomonitoring of Exposure to Permethrin Through Analysis of Long-Lived (Metabolite) Adducts to Proteins |
SEP 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Daan Noort; TNO DEFENCE SECURITY AND SAFETY RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
|
 | Biomonitoring of exposure to the insecticide permethrin is usually performed by analysis of its urinary metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3- PBA). However, chronic low-level exposures and cumulative exposures cannot be assessed by analyzing urinary biomarkers. We are engaged in the development of a methodology to assess the cumulative internal dose of exposure to permethrin, which is based on the assumption that (reactive) glucuronide conjugates of the major permethrin metabolites 3-PBA and ... |
|
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Medical History of Fatally Injured Aviation Accident Pilots |
JUL 2007 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Ahmet Sen; Ahmet Akin; Dennis V. Canfield; Arvind K. Chaturvedi; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are popularly prescribed for treating depression, but these antidepressants are not currently approved for use by U.S. civilian aviators. In a 2003 study, 4 SSRIs-citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline-have been found in 61 pilot fatalities of civil aviation accidents that occurred during 1990-2001. However, it was not known whether these pilots had disqualifying psychological conditions, including depression, and had properly reported the use of the ... |
|
| Jet Fuel Exposure and Neurological Health in Military Personnel |
JUL 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Susan P. Proctor; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| Jet propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) has recently been recognized by the Department of Defense as the single largest chemical exposure for its personnel. The primary aim of the project is to conduct an epidemiological field study to examine the relationship between JP-8 fuel exposure and adverse neurological health in military personnel. The research objectives are as follows: (1) determination of the individual service member's level of exposure to JP-8 components ... |
|
| Radiation Dosimetry of Intratumoral Injection of Radionuclides into Human Breast Cancer. Revision |
Jul-2007 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Franklin C Wong; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| This study has been designed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution as well as the radiation dosimetry of intratumoral injection of proprietary radiopharmaceuticals Ga-67 and Ga-68 Galium Iron Macroaggregates (GIMA). While the refinement of the human protocol is ongoing, we continued on basic studies of in vivo imaging and therapy using other drugs under revised versions of our approved rat tumor protocols. We gained approval of our canine tumor ... |
|
| First-Generation H1 Antihistamines Found in Pilot Fatalities of Civil Aviation Accidents, 1990-2005 |
MAY 2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Ahmet Sen; Ahmet Akin; Krisit J. Craft; Dennis V. Canfield; Arvind K. Chaturvedi; GULHANE MILITARY MEDICAL ACADEMY ESKISEHIR (TURKEY) DEPT OF AEROSPACE MEDICINE
|
| First-generation H1-receptor antagonists are popularly used for alleviating allergy and cold symptoms, but these antihistaminics cause drowsiness and sedation. Such side effects could impair performance and, thus, could be the cause or a factor in accidents. Therefore, the prevalence of these antagonists was evaluated in aviation accident pilot fatalities. During civil aircraft accident investigations, postmortem samples from pilots involved in fatal aviation accidents are submitted to the Civil Aerospace Medical ... |
|
| New Model for Population-Subpopulation Differences |
FEB 2007 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald B. Crosier; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| Civil defense planning requires estimates of the toxicity of chemical warfare agents to the general public, but the current toxicity estimates are for male soldiers. In ECBC-TR-224 and ECBC-TR-337, individual susceptibilities for both the general population and the military subpopulation were modeled by a lognormal distribution. The assumption of a lognormal distribution of individual susceptibilities for both the general population and a subpopulation cannot be correct. This report presents an ... |
|
| Index to FAA Office of Aerospace Medicine Reports: 1961 Through 2006 |
JAN 2007 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
William E. Collins; Michael E. Wayda; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| An index to Federal Aviation Administration Office of Aerospace Medicine Reports (1964-2006) and Civil Aeromedical Institute Reports (1961-1963) is presented for those engaged in aviation medicine and related activities. The index lists all FAA aerospace medicine technical reports published from 1961 through 2006: chronologically, alphabetically by author, and alphabetically by subject. A foreword describes the index's sections and explains how to obtain copies of published Office of Aerospace Medicine technical ... |
|
| Multifactorial Assessment of Depleted Uranium Neurotoxicity |
DEC 2006 |
121 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard S. Jortner; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST BLACKSBURG
|
| THIS WAS A 5-YEAR PROJECT TO EXPERIMENTALLY ASSESS THE NEUROTOXICOLOGIC POTENTIAL OF EXPOSURE TO DEPLETED URANIUM (DU), AND THE ROLE OF STRESS IN ALTERING THE TOXICITY. THE PROJECT INVOLVED DETERMINATION OF THE TOXICOKINETICS OF DU IN THE BRAIN, DEVELOPMENT OF A RELEVANT STRESS MODEL, AND STUDY OF NEUROTOXIC EFFFECTS OF A SINGLE (ACUTE) EXPOSURE TO SOLUBLE DU AND TO LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO IMPLANTED PELLETED DU, AND THEIR MODIFICATION BY STRESS. ... |
|
| Metabolic and Toxicological Networks |
01-Nov-2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Ed Perkins; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Presentation on metabolic and toxicological networks and using systems to predict the impact of the Army on animals in the environment. |
|
| Speciation and Geochemistry of Tungsten in Soil |
01 NOV 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
A. J. Bednar; J. E. Mirecki; L. S. Inouye; L. E. Winfield; S. L. Larson; D. B. Ringelberg; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| In order to limit the dispersive use of lead on small arms firing ranges, 5.56-mm bullets with tungsten-nylon composite material cores have been fired at a number of Army training ranges. Tungsten in bullet residues oxidizes when exposed to the atmosphere, yielding an amorphous tungsten oxide (WO3) coating. This coating rapidly dissolves to yield the tungstate anion (WO4 2-), which can migrate in saturated subsurface and surface water environments. The ... |
|
| Fluoride Ion Regeneration of Cyclosarin (GF) From Minipig Tissue and Fluids Following Whole Body GF Vapor Exposure |
NOV 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Edward M. Jakubowski; Jeffery M. McGuire; Ronald A. Evans; Stanley W. Hulet; Robert J. Mioduszewski; Sandra A. Thomson; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Recent developments to improve nerve agent biomarker techniques include methods for measuring fluoride regenerated Sarin (GB) in blood and tissue. Our efforts extend the fluoride ion regeneration method to be able to determine cyclosarin (GF) in red blood cells, plasma, and tissue of minipig blood samples after whole body exposure to GF at miosis levels. Blood samples were taken serially before, during, and after whole body GF exposure from the ... |
|
| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUN 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Robert P. Casillas; BATTELLE COLUMBUS DIV OH
|
| Under Task Order 0001 the MREF's laboratories and facilities were maintained and operated in compliance with government regulations. The MREF successfully passed all inspections and certifications. Major contract activities performed include: conducting inventories of CA and maintaining usage reports preparing seven Test Execution Plans (TEP) for task orders and scientific meetings with DoD Team representatives to develop current and projected tasks. A TEP was prepared for Task Order 0002 to ... |
|
| A Rapid and Inexpensive PCR-Based STR Genotyping Method for Identifying Forensic Specimens |
JUN 2006 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Doris M. Kupfer; Mark Huggins; Brandt Cassidy; Nicole Vu; Dennis Burian; Dennis V. Canfield1; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| Situations arise where forensic samples can be inadvertently misidentified during field collection. Samples identified in the field as being from the same person that return conflicting toxicological results may suggest such misidentification. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based human identity testing provides a reliable and independent method to confirm sample identification. In the study presented here, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's human Combined DNA Identity System (CODIS) loci were used on a ... |
|
| Chemical Characterization of the Pyrotechnically Disseminated KM03 Red Phosphorus Floating Smoke Pot |
MAY 2006 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Anthony; Emily A. Davis; Mark V. Haley; David A. McCaskey; Robert L. Kristovich; Charles L. Crouse; Kathy L. Matson; Steven D. Turley; Dennis T. Burton; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The United States Marine Corps Floating Smoke Pot (FSP) MK 7 MOD 0 Program was established to redesign the previously fielded M4A2 Hexachioroethane (HC) Smoke Pot. Although the HC pots were extremely effective as an obscurant, there were safety concerns from a manufacturing and an operational perspective. Red phosphorous (RP) has been widely used in screening applications and was chosen as a replacement for the smoke payload. The smoke payload ... |
|
| Comparison of Pilot Medical History and Medications Found In Postmortem Specimens |
MAY 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis V. Canfield; Guillermo J. Salazar; Russell J. Lewis; James E. Whinnery; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| Pilots are required by FAA regulations to report all medications and medical conditions to the FAA Office of Aerospace Medicine for review as to the overall suitability of the pilot for flight activities. Following a fatal aviation accident, specimens from deceased pilots are collected by local pathologists and sent to the Bioaeronautical Sciences Research Laboratory (BSRL) for toxicological analysis. The results of such tests are entered into the BSRL Forensic ... |
|
| Acute Toxicity of the Lampricides TFM and Niclosamide to Three Species of Unionid Mussels |
APR 2006 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. Boogaard; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LA CROSSE WI UPPER MIDWEST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTER
|
| The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a jawless parasitic eel-like fish native to the Atlantic Ocean (fig. 1), was accidentally introduced into the Great Lakes in the early 20th century through the construction of shipping canals. A member of the Petromyzonidae family, the primitive parasite has been identified as a major cause of the collapse of the Great Lakes fishery in the 1940s and 1950s. The lampricides 3 trifluoromethyl 4 nitrophenol ... |
|
| In Vitro Toxicity of Aluminum Nanoparticles in Rat Alveolar Macrophages |
MAR 2006 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew Wagner; Charles Bleckmann; E. England; Krista Hess Saber /Hussain; John J. Schlager; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| The purpose of this research was to investigate and characterize the in vitro cellular effects of exposing rat lung macrophages to aluminum oxide nanoparticles (30 and 40nm average size) compared to aluminum metal nanoparticles (50, 80, and 120nm). This study used toxicity endpoints involving cell viability, mitochondrial function, phagocytotic ability, and inflammatory response. Results indicated none to minimal toxicological effects occurred with exposure of macrophages as high as 500 microg/ml ... |
|
| In Vitro Toxicity of Aluminum Nanoparticles in Rat Alveolar Macrophages |
MAR 2006 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew J. Wagner; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| The purpose of this research is to characterize the in vitro cellular effects of rat lung macrophages to exposure to aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NP) (30 and 40nm) compared to aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NP) (50, 80, and 120nm). This study concentrates on cell viability, mitochondrial function, phagocytosis ability, and cytokine response. Results indicate no to minimal toxicological effects on macrophages exposed as high as 500 μg/ml for 24 hours with Al2O3-NP. However, ... |
|
| Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents: General Overview, LC-MS Review, In-House LC-ESI-MS Methods and Open Literature Bibliography |
MAR 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Paul A. D'Agostino; C. L. Chenier; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SUFFIELD (ALBERTA)
|
| Ratification of the Chemical Weapons Convention by more than 165 States Parties has reduced the risk of chemical warfare agent use, but there still remains a concern that other parties may make use of these weapons against civilian or military targets. Concerns within the defense and homeland security communities over possible terrorist use as well as the requirements for a verifiable Chemical Weapons Convention have driven the development of analytical ... |
|
| Modeling Fog Oil Obscurant Smoke Penetration Into Simulated Tortoise Barrows and Bat Colony Trees |
OCT 2005 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Guelta; Harold E. Balbach; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| The gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyhemus) and the Indiana bat (Myotis sodalist) are species found on many military installations. The Indiana bat is endangered throughout its range, and the gopher tortoise is threatened in its westernmost distribution and at risk everywhere else. On installations where troop readiness training is conducted, an important component of realistic troop readiness training is the generation of obscurant material and the conduct of maneuvers under obscurant ... |
|
| Relationship Between Network Topology and Dynamics: Concepts from Genome-Wide Regulation of Cell States |
24 AUG 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Sui Huang; CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER BOSTON MA
|
| Despite accumulating data about the topology ("wiring diagram") of genome-wide gene regulatory networks little is known about the system behavior of such complex networks which produce the genome-wide molecular profiles that now can be measured with new genomic technologies. Using gene expression profiling to monitor multiple trajectories in genome-wise expression state space it was shown experimentally for the first time that a cell fate, in this case, neutrophil differentiation in ... |
|
| Chemical Biological Defense Conference |
17 AUG 2005 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Raymond A. Mackay; JOINT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PANEL ON CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| DoD Non-Medical Technology Base Processes, Joint Science & Technology Panel for Chemical/Biological Defense, (1) addresses all phases of research in five commodity areas (modeling/simulation, detection, individual protection, collective protection, decontamination); (2) Executed by Principal Investigators within Service labs; (3) Utilizes proposal-driven process focused by user-developed desired operational capabilities; (4) Responsive to development/acquisition program; (5) Managed as fully Joint Services program. |
|
| Development of Medical Countermeasures to Sulfur Mustard Vesication |
17 AUG 2005 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
William J. Smith; Michael C. Babin; Robyn C. Kiser; Robert P. Casillas; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Sulfur mustard (HD) is an alkylating agent with cytotoxic, mutagenic and vesicating properties. It use on the battlefield results in debilitating injuries to skin, eyes and the respiratory system (1, 2). To elucidate the toxic sequelae that follow cutaneous exposure to HD, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) has undertaken a broad-based research program encompassing both intramural and extramural research. This report summarizes our current ... |
|
| Inhalation and Percutaneous Toxicokinetics of Sulfur Mustard and Its Adducts in Hairless Guinea Pigs and Marmosets. Efficacy of Naval Scavengers |
AUG 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Jan P. Langenberg; Henk C. Trap; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
|
| As a follow-up to contract DAMD17-94-V-4O09, the inhalation toxicokinetics of sulfur mustard were studied in more detail in the hairless guinea pig as well as in the marmoset. Hairless guinea pigs were 5-min nose-only exposed to 0.3 and 1 LCt5O. The distribution of sulfurmustard in the respiratory tract was measured at various time-points after exposure. The DNA- adduct levels increased and subsequently decreased with time. The highest levels were found ... |
|
| Simultaneous Quantitation of Atenolol, Metoprolol, and Propranolol in Biological Matrices Via LC/MS |
MAY 2005 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D. Johnson; Russell J. Lewis; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| Hypertension is a growing medical concern in the United States. With the number of Americans suffering from hypertension increasing, the use of antihypertensives such as beta-blockers is increasing as well. In fact, three beta-blockers - atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol - were among the 200 most prescribed medications in the United States in 2003. Pilots that successfully manage their hypertension can remain certified to fly. The Federal Aviation Administration currently designates ... |
|
| In Vitro Toxicity of Cadmium Oxide Particles in BRL 3A Rat Liver Cells |
MAR 2005 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Janice M. Shelley; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| For the last decade or so, in vitro toxicology has been studied as a method for determining human toxicity, as well as hazard identification and characterization. One purpose of in vitro studies is to determine the possibility of developing systems in which the toxicity of chemicals can be quantified, without heavy reliance on animal experimentation. Specific data pertaining to cadmium toxicity in humans through use of in vitro methods and ... |
|
| In Vitro Methods To Measure Toxicity Of Chemicals |
DEC 2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
C. J. Cao; J. S. Madren-Whalley; C. Kristina; J. J. Valdes; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Rapid screening of industrial compounds for toxicity will require high-throughput in vitro assays with which to select candidate compounds for more intensive animal testing. The purpose of this study, sponsored by the National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) and the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM), is to evaluate the utility of in vitro cytotoxicity assays for estimating the starting ... |
|
| Biomarker Development for TLR4 Agonists |
OCT 2004 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
David H. Persing; CORIXA CORP SEATTLE WA
|
| In DARPA-supported studies, we have shown that a family of novel synthetic glycolipids known as the aminoalkyl glucosaminide phosphates (AGPs) act as potent agonists of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and that administration of AGPs to the airways results in protection against lethal challenge with virulent bacterial and viral agents. Preliminary toxicological studies indicate that intranasal delivery of the compounds is safe, and human clinical trials with aerosolized TLR4 agonists are ... |
|
| Immunotoxicology of JP-8 Jet Fuel |
29 SEP 2004 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
David T. Harris; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON
|
| We have examined the immunotoxicological effects of JP-8 jet fuel exposure. Inbred C57BL6 mice were exposed to varying concentration (100-250 mg/ m3) of aerosolized JP-8 jet fuel varying periods of time, using a variety of experimental models. Animal exposure was performed via nose-only presentation while the animals were held in individual subject loading tubes. The tubes were nose cone fitted to receiving adapters that originated from a common anodized aluminum ... |
|
| Validating Pathway Analysis of Organic Contaminants from Aged Dredged Material Using Plants and Worms |
SEP 2004 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Elly P. Best; K. Geter; H. E. Fredrickson; H. L. Richmond; M. Furey; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Contaminants in dredged material (DM) placed in an upland situation, such as a confined disposal facility (CDF), may move from substrates into food webs because of their contact with CDF-colonizing or inhabiting plants and animals, and therefore may cause unacceptable risks outside the CDF. The primary goal of this technical note is to provide guidance on evaluating bioaccumulation of organic contaminants and toxicological effects in test species representing two trophic ... |
|
| 1 ALPHA-Hydroxyvitamin D5 as a Chemotherapeutic and Possibly Chemopreventive Agent |
SEP 2004 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Tapas K. Das Gupta; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
|
| We identified a novel vitamin D analog, 1 alpha-hydroxy-24 ethyl vitamin D5 (1 alpha(OH)D5) that showed potent growth inhibitory and cell- differentiating actions in breast cancer cells. Based on our findings in vitro and in vivo, we hypothesized that 1 alpha(OH)D5 (D5), when administered to women with breast cancer, will induce differentiation of dedifferentiated cells and thereby prevent progression of malignancy. In 1999-2000, we completed preclinical studies in rats, showing ... |
|
| Accurate Assignment of Ethanol Origin in Postmortem Urine: A Case Study |
AUG 2004 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D. Johnson; Russell J. Lewis; Dennis V. Canfield; Kurt M. Dubowski; C. L. Blank; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| Specimens from fatal aviation accident victims are submitted to the FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute for toxicological analysis. During toxicological evaluations, ethanol analysis is performed on all cases. Care must be taken when interpreting a positive ethanol result due to the potential for postmortem ethanol formation. Several indicators of postmortem ethanol formation exist; however, none are completely reliable. The consumption of ethanol has been shown to alter the concentration of ... |
|
| Inhalation and Percutaneous Toxicokinetics of Sulfur Mustard and Its adducts in Hairless Guinea Pigs and Marmosets. Efficacy of Nasal Scavengers |
AUG 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Jan P. Langenberg; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK(NETHERLANDS)
|
| As a follow-up to DAMDl7-94-V-4OO9, the inhalation toxicokinetics of sulfur mustard are studied in more detail in the hairless guinea pig as well as in a species more relevant for man, i.e., the marmoset. Furthermore, its percutaneous toxicokinetics are studied in the hairless guinea pig at a lower exposure level than previously. The aspect of toxicologically relevant time period of in vivo persistence of sulfur mustard is integrated in these ... |
|
| Dynamic Modeling and Control in PBPK Models for Toxic Agents Electromagnetic Imaging and Active Stealth |
JUL 2004 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
H. T. Banks; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION
|
| This project had three major objectives: (i) the development or an inverse problem methodology (theoretical, statistical and computational) for parameter estimation in the presence of (model and data) uncertainty. Applications investigated include tissue dissipation of electromagnetic pulsed waves and molecular based models for polymers; (ii) the development of electromagnetic interrogation and anti-interrogation ("active stealth") methodologies. This includes research on use of moving acoustic interfaces as virtual "mirrors" to reflect electromagnetic ... |
|
| Biotechnology for Near Real-Time Predictive Toxicology for Warfighter Protection |
JUN 2004 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Nicholas J. DelRaso; Richard R. Stotts; John J. Schlager; Marck P. Westrick; Victor Chan; Nicholas V. Reo; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| An increasingly important issue in force protection is the toxicology associated with toxic chemical and mixture exposure at uncharacterized deployed sites. Current methods for determining or monitoring toxic exposures to the warfighter in their working or living environment are not adequate to prevent serious health effects. Deployed personnel may be exposed to toxic chemicals as a result of industrial accidents, intentional or unintentional activities of enemy or friendly forces, or ... |
|
| The Role of Dioxin Receptor in Mammary Development and Carcinogenesis |
JUN 2004 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Sakina E. Eltom; MEHARRY MEDICAL COLL NASHVILLE TN
|
| The aromatic hydrocarbon (or dioxin) receptor (AhR) which is a ligand-activated basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, mediates the toxic responses of dioxin. The research in this proposal is testing the hypothesis that the dioxin receptor (AhR) plays a central role in regulating the mammary epithelial network during the gland development, as well as regulating major events in mammary carcinogenesis. Following on preliminary observation of the dramatic up-regulation of this receptor ... |
|
| Quantitating the Percutaneous Absorption of Mechanistically-Defined Chemical Mixtures |
03 MAY 2004 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Jim E. Riviere; Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere; Ronald E. Baynes; Xin-Rui Xia; Charles Smith; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
|
| The focus of this research was to assess the dermal absorption and skin toxicity of topically applied jet fuels Jet A, JP-8, JP-8(100) using pigs, in vitro porcine skin and inert membrane models as well as human keratinocyte cell cultures. Our working hypothesis was that jet fuel dermal toxicity was secondary to its hydrocarbon components with differences between fuel types due to additive-modulation of hydrocarbon deposition. Consistent with previous JP-8 ... |
|
| The Formation of Ethanol in Postmortem Tissues |
FEB 2004 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D. Johnson; Russell J. Lewis; Mike K. Angier; Nicole T. Vu; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| During the investigation of aviation accidents, postmortem samples obtained from fatal accident victims are submitted to the FAA's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute for toxicological analysis. During toxicological evaluations, ethanol analysis is performed on all cases. Many species of bacteria, yeast and fungi have the ability to produce ethanol and other volatile organic compounds in postmortem specimens. The potential for postmortem ethanol formation complicates the interpretation of ethanol-positive results from accident ... |
|
| Nitric Oxide and CNS O2 Toxicity Biochemical Modeling and Risk Prediction |
JAN 2004 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Claude A. Piantadosi; B. W. Allen; I. T. Demchenko; DUKE CENTER FOR HYPERBARIC MEDICINE ANDENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY DURHAM NC
|
| The objective of this project was to elucidate the biological mechanisms and specific pathways that implicate the gaseous signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) as a critical factor in producing the convulsions of central nervous system (CNS) oxygen (O2) toxicity, and to obtain data that could be the basis for mathematical risk predictions of O2 convulsions. For the past 3 years, data obtained in this project have supported the hypothesis that ... |
|
| Development of an Aerosol Concentration Model to Vary Exposure Duration with Infectious Agents |
19 NOV 2003 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Justin M. Hartings; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| The Aerobiology Mission: Develop appropriate animal models; define pathogenesis/mechanism of toxicity/toxicology, develop surrogate markers of efficacy; Develop new bioaerosol technologies; precision and accuracy of dose control, aerosol size, environmental conditions. |
|
Reports by Keyword(s)
TOXICOLOGY
