| Schools for Strategy: Teaching Strategy for 21st Century Conflict |
Nov-2009 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Colin S Gray; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
 | Because strategic performance must involve the ability to decide, to command, and to lead, as well as the capacity to understand, there are practical limits to what is feasible and useful by way of formal education in strategy. The soldier who best comprehends what Sun-tzu, Clausewitz, and Thucydides intended to say is not necessarily the soldier best fitted to strategic high command. It is important to distinguish between intellect and ... |
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| Defense Horizons. To Build Resilience: Leader Influence on Mental Hardiness |
Nov-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Robert E Armstrong; Paul T Bartone; Charles L Barry; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC
|
| The military profession is inherently stressful and is getting more so for U.S. troops, who are deploying more often and for longer periods of time on missions that are multifaceted, changeable, and ambiguous. Such stressful conditions can lead to a range of health problems and performance decrements even among leaders. But not everyone reacts in negative ways to environmental stress. Most people remain healthy and continue to perform well even ... |
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| Multi-Scale Modeling for Combined Shock-Shear Initiation of Energetic Solids |
07-Oct-2009 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Keith A Gonthier; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV BATON ROUGE DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Multi-scale interactions between initially planar deformation waves in heterogeneous energetic solids and macro-scale boundaries were computationally examined to characterize wave interaction structures and dissipative heating responsible for combustion initiation. The macro-scale response was described by a continuum theory that accounts for elastic and inelastic volumetric deformation in a thermodynamically consistent manner. The meso-scale response was described by conservation principles and an elastic-viscoplastic constitutive theory to predict contact induced nonlinear deformation ... |
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| Enhancing Simulation-Based Training Adversary Tactics via Evolution (ESTATE) |
15-Sep-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
CHARLES RIVER ANALYTICS INC CAMBRIDGE MA
|
| During this reporting period, we extended our work in the conceptual formulation of ESTATE for Challenge/Response games. We explored and refined aspects of item response theory to support assessment and learning Challenge/Response games. We constructed multiple simulations to test our theoretical hypotheses. |
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| Synthesis, Interdiction, and Protection of Layered Networks |
Sep-2009 |
246 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin T Kennedy; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This research developed the foundation, theory, and framework for a set of analysis techniques to assist decision makers in analyzing questions regarding the synthesis, interdiction, and protection of infrastructure networks. This includes extension of traditional network interdiction to directly model nodal interdiction; new techniques to identify potential targets in social networks based on extensions of shortest path network interdiction; extension of traditional network interdiction to include layered network formulations; and ... |
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| Signal Modeling of Turbulence-Distorted Imagery |
Sep-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
S S Young; Ron Driggers; Keith Krapels; Richard Espinola; Joseph Reynolds; Jae Cha; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
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| Understanding turbulence effects on wave propagation and imaging systems has been an active research area for more than 50 years. Conventional atmospheric optics methods use statistical models to analyze image degradation effects that are caused by turbulence. In this paper, we intend to understand atmospheric turbulence effects using a deterministic signal processing and imaging theory point of view and modeling. The model simulates the formed imagery by a lens by ... |
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| Viscoelastic Models for Nearly Incompressible Materials |
Sep-2009 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Mike Scheidler; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This report discusses linear and nonlinear constitutive models for the viscoelastic response of nearly incompressible solids undergoing moderate to large deformations and arbitrarily large rotations. For both the linear and nonlinear cases, the general theory is outlined first, then the Prony series approximation to the stress relaxation function is introduced, and this in turn is used to derive various incremental relations for the stress. These incremental relations can be easily ... |
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| Optimizing the Router Configurations within a Nominal Air Force Base |
Sep-2009 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Marcus E McNabb; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Routing information is a delicate balance between theoretical ideas such as optimization of flow and shortest path routing and the reality of threats to the security of the network. The way in which information is routed can be massaged to give the best solution, that being one that aptly satisfies both of these constraints. But are the routers on a nominal Air Force base set up with all of these ... |
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| A Recommended Framework for the Network-Centric Acquisition Process |
Sep-2009 |
148 pages |
| Authors:
Gustavo J Vergara; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Network-Centric Warfare (NCW) is a theory of war in the information age that hypothesizes that forces, which exploit networked conditions better than their adversaries will achieve tactical advantage. Understanding how Network-Centric Systems (NCS) that support NCW are acquired is essential for the continued development and delivery of systems that are affordable, meet end-user requirements, and that can be fielded quickly. The Network-Centric Acquisition Process (NCAP) will enable the DoD to ... |
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| China and Japan's Strategic Nuclear Relationship |
Sep-2009 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey W LaBauve; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| While China and Japan individually have been the focus of tremendous study, until recently it was not necessary to compare their nuclear relationship. The advent of Japan's ballistic missile defenses has offered a unique twist on the traditional study between two nuclear powers. This thesis examines each country?s strategic situation in this new light and maintains that the same theories about strategic interaction still hold. Lawrence Freedman's theory of general ... |
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| Southern Philippines and the Policy of the Second Front in the Global War on Terrorism |
Sep-2009 |
110 pages |
| Authors:
Jihoon P Choi; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis analyzes the effects of the United States' policy of the second front in the global war on terrorism (GWOT) on the conflict in the southern Philippines. The policy's reliance on intervention measures that are both preemptive and direct by military means echoes Mearsheimer's argument that simply put, great powers are primed for offense. The question may be asked: how effective is the second front policy in terms of ... |
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| The Timing of Social Comparison in Crowds |
18-Aug-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Natalie Fridman; Gal A Kaminka; BAR-ILAN UNIV RAMAT-GAN (ISRAEL) COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT
|
| Models of crowd behavior facilitate analysis and prediction of the behavior of large groups of people, who are affected by each other's presence and actions. For instance, in defense and security applications, generative models of crowd behaviors are used for decision-support, simulation, and training. Most existing approaches for modeling crowd behavior have focused on algorithmic and mathematical approaches, which generate simulations which are qualitatively or visually appealing, but have not ... |
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| Applying Dynamic Wake Models to Induced Power Calculations for an Optimum Rotor |
Aug-2009 |
192 pages |
| Authors:
Cristina Garcia-Duffy; WASHINGTON UNIV ST LOUIS MO SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE
|
| This work continues previous inflow work in that it extends it to the flow below the disk both in and out of the shed wake. In addition, the work utilizes that new inflow model to offer optimum power states for rotors in hover and in forward flight. |
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| Ankudinov Ship Squat Predictions - Part 1: Theory, Parameters, and FORTRAN Programs |
Aug-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J Briggs; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
|
| Squat is the reduction in underkeel clearance (UKC) between a vessel at-rest and underway due to the increased flow of water past the moving hull. The forward motion of the ship pushes water ahead of it that must return around the sides and under the keel. This water motion induces a relative velocity between the ship and the surrounding water that causes a water level depression in which the ship ... |
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| Double Rail Tests |
24-Jul-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Ira S Moskowitz; Gerard Allwein; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| We present algebraic operators useful in constructing models for software engineering applied to reliability and security. Double rail testing is a mathematical formalism for analyzing testing situations that have both false positives and false negatives, as well as true positives and true negatives. Furthermore, tests are qualitatively modeled via channel theory, and their quantitative behavior is described as a Shannon binary communication channel. Tests, viewed strictly quantitatively, form a domain ... |
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| Temporal Investigations Into the Relationship Between Affect and Discretionary Work Behavior |
Jul-2009 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Howard M Weiss; Reeshad S Dalal; Holly Lam; Eric R Welch; PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN
|
| After a long hiatus, mood and emotions (collectively known as affect) are enjoying a strong resurgence in many areas of psychology. Vis-a-is the workplace, Affective Events Theory predicts that stochastic workplace events influence workplace affect, which in turn influences various workplace behaviors relevant to job performance. Moreover, like the events and affect that precede them, these behaviors are highly volatile within persons over time. The present set of research projects ... |
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| Genetic Manipulation of Mammary Stem Cells to Reconcile Tumor Stem Cell Theory with Breast Cancer Heterogeneity |
Jul-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Justine Hutchinson; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This report serves as a progress report on the first year of my training grant. I have just completed my fourth year as a graduate student in Dartmouth Medical School's Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, part of the Program in Experimental Molecular Medicine (PEMM). Dr. James DiRenzo serves as my mentor and chair of my thesis committee, and also directs the lab where I work, hereafter referred to as the ... |
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| Al Qaeda as a Charismatic Phenomenon |
Jun-2009 |
165 pages |
| Authors:
Dushyant Singh; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis examines the hypothesis that the presence of charismatic effect in terrorist or insurgent groups tends to make them more violent. Raymond Bradley's theory forms the backbone of the study. It focuses on identifying a charismatic effect in a group, measuring the level of the charismatic effect, and analyzing how the dimensions of the effect relate to the survivability or viability of the group. The theory envisages that endogenous ... |
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| Accuracy Analysis for Kinetic Modeling of Homogeneous Condensation in Plumes |
Jun-2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Sergey Gimelshein; Deborah Levin; Ingrid Wysong; Ryan Jansen; Michael Zeifman; Zheng Li; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| Two different approaches for modeling the clustering in rapidly expanding plumes have been reported in the literature. The first approach, known as the classical approach, takes its starting point from the classical nucleation theory (CNT) which is based on equilibrium thermodynamics. The second one, known as the kinetic approach, treats nucleation as the process of kinetic chemical aggregation. The first, macroscopic, approach, while being useful and found to be applicable ... |
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| Dynamic Battlefield Visualization: Knowledge Management in a Complex, Emergent PMESII-PT Battlefield |
Jun-2009 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Scott B Shadrick; Dennis K Leedom; EVIDENCE BASED RESEARCH INC VIENNA VA
|
| This paper provides an in-depth examination of battlefield visualization in a complex, emergent environment such as stability or counterinsurgency operations. This research integrates current theories of knowledge management with two sets of interviews conducted with military officers having recent command and staff experience in Afghanistan and Iraq. Phase I of this research identified seven specific socio-cognitive skill areas that contribute to command and staff performance in this area. In Phase ... |
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| Rethinking Command and Control |
Jun-2009 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
George Galdorisi; Jose Carreno; Antonio Siordia; Stephanie Hszieh; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The term command and control has come into question from both the theoretical and the operational front. Dr. Alberts noted in his International C2 Journal article that the future of command and control is not command and control. Rather, C2 should be rebuilt on a new conceptual foundation that incorporates agility, focus, and convergence. With the military's traditional warfighting roles and mission now being expanded to include peacekeeping operations, humanitarian/disaster ... |
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| C2 Domain Ontology within Our Lifetime |
Jun-2009 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Leslie Winters; Andreas Tolk; UNITED STATES JOINT FORCES COMMAND NORFOLK VA
|
| Agile Command and Control (C2) requires agile information sharing with an increasingly wide variety of military and non-military partners. While current net-centric approaches may improve information sharing within a particular niche of C2, they do not support information sharing across the larger C2 domain. Although not a silver bullet, the development and application of a C2 domain ontology to improve C2 data and service integration appears to be increasingly realistic. ... |
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| A General Framework of Human Trust in Networks |
Jun-2009 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Brian Rivera; Elizabeth K Bowman; Kevin S Chan; Natalie Ivanic; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| In order to achieve the Army's vision of network centric warfare (NCW), Soldiers must effectively and efficiently interact with tactical networks to maintain information dominance and complete mission objectives. Soldiers must possess a sufficient amount of trust in networks for adequate mission performance. We are investigating human trust in tactical networks by establishing a theoretical framework for analysis and an approach for validation of the framework. We identify reliability and ... |
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| Experiments with the Combat CAS: Unifying Net-Enabled Teams |
Jun-2009 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Paul J Hiniker; DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AGENCY FALLS CHURCH VA
|
| This paper summarizes the results of a series of controlled Human-in-the-Loop experiments with teams of distributed warfighters engaged in combat scenarios enacted on wargame simulators. Viewed in the light of complexity theories the significant results show that increasing the self-similarity of a CAS (Complex Adaptive System), or warfighting team, composed of agents, or warfighters, with respect to their shared decision-making processes and shared schema of the battlespace, increases the quality ... |
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| Engineering Design Theory: Applying the Success of the Modern World to Campaign Creation |
21-May-2009 |
115 pages |
| Authors:
Xander L Bullock; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
|
| This monograph directly addresses design, and incorporates elements of Engineering Design Theory to the codified, social act of campaign creation using art, science, and craft. The monograph gives a definition of design and discusses the appropriate language for design. Furthermore, design is expressed as the evolution of military craft, and a blending of military art and military science. Therefore, the monograph is staunchly pro-design, and presents the incorporation of design ... |
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| Importance of Seabasing to Land Power Generation |
06-May-2009 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Michael F Perry; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| In 1954, Samuel P. Huntington reconsidered the classic strategies of naval warfare and urged the U.S. Navy to focus upon sea-based support of land power generation (Seabasing), since it lacked a peer competitor on the high seas in the wake of World War II. Yet, over 50 years later, the U.S. Navy and the Department of Defense are still struggling to clearly define Seabasing and overcome an array of difficulties ... |
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| An AK, Three Clips, and a Koran: Deciphering Al Qaeda's Principles of War |
04-May-2009 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
William J Fry; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Many papers and reports have been written on Al Qaeda and the western principles of war. Government agencies and universities throughout the world work hard to analyze the background of Al Qaeda to better understand the organization and where its next strike might occur. At the same time, theorists and academics debate whether the principles of war debated since the time of Clausewitz still apply to the modern battles that ... |
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| Theory as Foundation for Strategic Communication Doctrine |
04-May-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Norberto R Menendez; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Civilian and military leaders throughout the Department of Defense (DoD) acknowledge the importance of strategic communication for operational forces today. Although strategic communication has been defined in the DoD, much still needs to be done to develop joint doctrine that geographical combatant commands (GCCs) can use for implementing strategic communication in support of operations. This paper examines the development of strategic communication in the 21st century, discusses a framework for ... |
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| Compressive Optical Imaging Systems -- Theory, Devices and Implementation |
15-Apr-2009 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
David Brady; Richard G Baraniuk; Kevin F Kelly; Rebecca Willett; RICE UNIV HOUSTON TX
|
| In this project we expanded the theory of compressive sensing and explored the connection of CS to advanced optical imaging systems. In regard to theory we incorporated a Hidden Markov Tree signal model into existing CS theory and produced an algorithm for fast signal recover. We physically implemented CS on a single-pixel imaging testbed and analyzed its performance against existing multiplexing schemes. The insight of CS theory and experience in ... |
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| Hybrid Threats: Reconceptualizing the Evolving Character of Modern Conflict (Strategic Forum, Number 240, April 2009) |
Apr-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Frank G Hoffman; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC INST FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES
|
| America's ongoing battles in Afghanistan and Iraq have highlighted limitations in our understanding of the complexity of modern warfare. Furthermore, our cultural prism has retarded the institutionalization of capabilities needed to prevail in stabilization and counterinsurgency missions. An ongoing debate about future threats is often framed as a dichotomous choice between counterinsurgency and conventional war. This oversimplifies defense planning and resource allocation decisions. Instead of fundamentally different approaches, we should ... |
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| A Moral Framework for War in the 21st Century |
26-Mar-2009 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
John R Leaphart; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Just War Theory is the predominant moral framework used today to talk about the justness or morality of war. It has its roots firmly embedded in the Westphalian state system. For the strategic operating environment that existed during the Westphalian era, Just War theory was more than adequate to the task. However, in the post WWII era the strategic operating environment has changed dramatically. The most significant indicator of this ... |
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| Russian Operational Art in the Russo-Georgian War of 2008 |
25-Mar-2009 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Donovan; George T Jr; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| This paper is about the Russian military's use of operational art to achieve its strategic objectives during the Russo-Georgian War of August 2008. In this brief war, the Russian military, in a quick and decisive campaign, overwhelmed Georgian forces to gain control of two breakaway republics, destroyed much of Georgia's armed forces on land and sea, and caused NATO to reconsider its offer of membership to Georgia. This study focuses ... |
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| New Theory and Algorithms for Compressive Sensing |
06-Mar-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Richard G Baraniuk; RICE UNIV HOUSTON TX
|
| In this project we expanded the field of compressive sensing in both theoretical and practical ways. We first demonstrated the information scalability of CS. We applied CS principles to analog-to-digital conversion, showing ADC can be accomplished on structured high rate signals with sub-Nyquist sampling. We introduced a smashed filter to perform statistical classification problems with a rate of measurements that corresponds to the problem structure, rather than bandwidth. Second, we ... |
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| Applying Modern Portfolio Theory and the Capital Asset Pricing Model to DoD's Information Technology Investments |
01-Mar-2009 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Pringle; Sammie Jr; Marc A VanOrden; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Program Managers (PMs) throughout the Department of Defense (DoD) were directed by the DoD Chief Information Officer to manage information technology (IT) investments as portfolios (to include Mission Areas, Subportfolios, and Components) within the DoD Enterprise. Managing portfolios of capabilities aligns IT with the overall needs of the warfighter, as well as the intelligence and business activities which support the warfighter. This thesis provides the detailed steps that PMs and ... |
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| On Peace: Peace as a Means of Statecraft |
01-Mar-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
James H Herrera; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Peace is a word that is often used but vaguely understood. Conventional thought considers peace as a condition that shares a dialectical relationship with war, albeit devoid of a separate nature of its own. Upon closer examination peace has a pragmatic quality to it as well as the potential to be a separate element of statecraft, not simply the absence, termination, or continuation of war. This paper examines peace at ... |
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| Task-Technology Fit Assessment of an Expertise Transfer System |
Mar-2009 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Daphne R McGill; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Organizations today are using information technology to capture knowledge from experts and disseminate this knowledge to decision makers. Having the right information to the right person at the right time facilitates more effective and efficient decisions. This study uses Goodhue's (1998) Task-Technology Fit (TTF) theoretical model to evaluate an Expertise Transfer Forum (ETF) developed by the Oklahoma State University for the Defense Ammunition Center's quality assurance personnel. The preliminary findings ... |
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| Optimizing Uncertainty in Dempster-Shafer Detectors Fusing Multi-Sensor Data |
Mar-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Nasser M Nasrabadi; Kenneth I Ranney; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| Fusion algorithms based on the Dempster-Shafer (DS) Theory of Evidence lack a universally standard method for automatically assigning probability mass to the don't know hypothesis for a particular input. For example, when fusing automatic target detection (ATD) algorithm outputs from multiple sensors, one must associate a measure of uncertainty with the output from the ATD algorithm of each sensor. We describe such a fusion algorithm, developed using the DS formalism, ... |
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| An Analysis of Trust in Deception Operations |
Mar-2009 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Christine L Fix; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA UNDERSEA WARFARE ACADEMIC GROUP
|
| This study explores the concept of trust and its relevance to deception operations. It proposes that trust is a belief or characteristic that can be exploited or undermined to achieve a desired objective. By using a trust framework to analyze several case studies in deception, the paper will examine how the deception target beliefs and preconceptions affected the success of the deception and the impact or consequences of exploiting or ... |
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| Multiobjective Optimal Control Methodology for the Analysis of Certain Sociodynamic Problems |
Mar-2009 |
155 pages |
| Authors:
Gloria L Porter; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH DEPT OF MATHEMATICS
|
| Social networks involve studying how relations form between individuals in a group based on their shared preferences and attributes. In this work, social force theory is used to model social interaction and long-term network dynamics while multiobjective optimal control theory provides a basis for predicting network structural formation. Using computer simulations, the author numerically analyzes the evolution and long-term behavior of optimal network structures based on the demographics of a ... |
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| Finite Deformation by Elasticity, Slip, and Twinning: Atomistic Considerations, Continuum Modeling, and Application to Ceramic Crystals |
Mar-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
John D Clayton; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| A continuum theory is developed for modeling elasticity, plasticity, and twinning in single crystals of arbitrary anisotropy, subjected to arbitrarily large deformations. Concepts from discrete lattice models are considered for estimating resistances to inelastic shear. Nonlinear thermoelastic calculations are used in conjunction with experimental shock physics observations to provide estimates for resistances to slip, twinning, and shear fracture on preferred planes in alumina single crystals (i.e., rhomobohedral corundum or sapphire). ... |
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| Strategic Framing of Stability Operations |
Mar-2009 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas D Lilly; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| This paper establishes the strategy factors which must be considered for strategy framing of stability operations by analyzing the strategic aspects of counterinsurgency theory and doctrine, a subset of stability operations. Controlling these strategic factors with the U.S. Government's instruments of power - diplomatic, informational, military, economic, financial, intelligence, and law enforcement - set the conditions with other nations and groups external to the fragile state to help ensure successful ... |
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| Russian Language Prestige in the States of the Former Soviet Union |
Mar-2009 |
115 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J Tyson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The prestige of the Russian language has changed since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Nicholas Ostler, a linguist and language historian, categorized four reasons why an imperial language would remain after the colonizing power leaves. He applied this theory to Russian in the states of the former Soviet Union. He found that only Belarus maintains a significant enough number of Russian speakers to fall into one of his categories. ... |
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| A Hierarchy of Needs in International Relations |
Mar-2009 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Casey P Hayden; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Characterizing U.S.-Russian relations as a new Cold War is nostalgic for many, but it does not accurately describe Russia's motivation behind its current behavior. Abraham Maslow, a prominent behavioral psychologist, investigated the motivation behind human behavior and concluded that human motivation centers on satisfying five basic needs. It is plausible to modify his hierarchy of basic human needs and develop a similar hierarchy of basic state needs. A single case ... |
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| The European Union's Human Security Doctrine: A Critical Analysis |
Mar-2009 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa C Berg; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The term human security first officially appeared on the scene of international relations in 1994, with a report by the United Nations Human Development Program. The concept has fast been gaining supporters and sparking associated intellectual debate. It challenges the traditional concept of security by contending that the central focus of security efforts should be the individual human being, not the nation state, as has been -- and remains -- ... |
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| Least-Squares Finite Element Formulation for Fluid-Structure Interaction |
Mar-2009 |
276 pages |
| Authors:
Cody C Rasmussen; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Fluid-structure interaction problems prove difficult due to the coupling between fluid and solid behavior. Typically, different theoretical formulations and numerical methods are used to solve fluid and structural problems separately. The least-squares finite element method is capable of accurately solving both fluid and structural problems. This capability allows for a simultaneously coupled fluid structure interaction formulation using a single variational approach to solve complex and nonlinear aeroelasticity problems. The least-squares ... |
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| Deformation and Failure of Protein Materials in Physiologically Extreme Conditions and Disease |
Mar-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Markus J Buehler; Yu C Yung; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE CENTER FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| Biological protein materials feature hierarchical structures that make up a diverse range of physiological materials. The analysis of protein materials is an emerging field that uses the relationships between biological structures, processes and properties to probe deformation and failure phenomena at the molecular and microscopic level. Here we discuss how advanced experimental, computational and theoretical methods can be used to assess structure-process-property relations and to monitor and predict mechanisms associated ... |
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| Efficient Simulation and Novel Modeling by Using Generic Three-Dimensional Exact Solutions to Analyze Transport Dynamics in Turbulent Vortices |
28-Feb-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Sukalyan Bhattacharya; TEXAS TECH UNIV LUBBOCK
|
| In this project, we have formulated an alternative boundary-layer theory. This new analysis will be able to mathematically describe flow-separation unlike the classical theory. In our research, we have partially validated the developed theory and concluded that approach has considerable potential to account for flow-separation. The effective description of separated flow can potentially lead to a fast simulation-algorithm for aerodynamic computation. Our estimate predicts that this semianalytical scheme will compute ... |
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| An Automated Process for Generation of New Fuel Breakdown Mechanisms |
28-Feb-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Angela Violi; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The work performed by our research group over the last years aimed to develop an integrated and innovative computational approach for predicting reaction mechanisms for JP8 surrogate components. The modeling effort has integrated various computational tools to build chemical kinetic pathways, starting from the structure of the proposed fuel components and ending with a list of reactions pathways, rate constants, thermodynamic and transport data. Studies were conducted in several research ... |
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| Individual Decision-Making in Uncertain and Large-Scale Multi-Agent Environments |
18-Feb-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Prashant Doshi; Adam Goodie; GEORGIA UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC ATHENS
|
| Research undertaken in this initial performance period developed: (a) the first set of generally applicable approximation methods for the finitely nested interactive POMDP (I-POMDP) framework, and (b) novel probabilistic graphical models called interactive dynamic influence diagrams (I-DIDs) that generalize the well-known DIDs to multiagent settings. These methods provide approximation techniques for decision making in complex multiagent settings in reduced time and space facilitating scalability. Experiments reveal that the approaches generate ... |
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| Supermultiplicative Speedups of Probabilistic Model-Building Genetic Algorithms |
Feb-2009 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
David E Goldberg; Kumara Sastry; Martin Pelikan; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN DEPT OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
|
| Substantial progress was achieved for all objectives stated in this proposal. Several effective efficiency enhancement techniques were proposed from specialized model-directed hybrids to methods capable of learning from prior runs on similar problems. Substantial speedups of an order of magnitude or more were obtained with several of these techniques on difficult classes of problems and evidence was provided of supermultiplicative speedups resulting from a combination of multiple efficiency enhancements. Theoretical ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
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