| Climatological Factors Affecting Electromagnetic Surface Ducting in the Aegean Sea Region |
Mar 2012 |
191 pages |
| Authors:
Konstantinos Raptis; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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 | We have studied the conditions that affect atmospheric electromagnetic surface ducts in the Aegean Sea region and how those conditions are related to regional and global scale climate variations. As a primary source for our calculations, we used radiosonde soundings from three different stations situated around the Aegean Sea, analyzing a 20-year period, from 1991 to 2010. We derived statistics on ducting parameters and correlated them with the seasonal means ... |
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| Experimentally-Based Ocean Acoustic Propagation and Coherence Studies |
Jan 2012 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy F Duda; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF APPLIED OCEAN PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING
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| The long-term goal is to better understand fluctuating sound propagation in two distinct ocean acoustic regimes: Stratified shallow water, where sound is highly bottom interacting, and the temperate deep-ocean sound channel. Acoustic field fluctuations have time scales varying from less than a minute to hours, and horizontal spatial scales from tens of meters to kilometers, comparable to processing time scales and system spatial scales, and thus impact exploitation of underwater ... |
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| Assessment of the Effects of Air-Sea-Land Interaction Processes on the Intensity and Impact of Modelled and Observed Coastal Extratropical Cyclones |
08 Sep 2011 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
W L Peirson; T D Shand; J E Ruprecht; J Evans; R J Cox; NEW SOUTH WALES UNIV MANLY VALE (AUSTRALIA) WATER RESEARCH LAB
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| This investigation compares observed values with global circulation model (GCM) predictions of those atmospheric forcing variables relevant to coastal flooding prediction. Both reanalysis and predictive GCMs models are investigated. While the limitations of these models in representing tropical storms are well established, in this investigation we have completed an assessment of their performance in more temperate regions as a function of latitude along the eastern United States and Australian coasts. ... |
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| Application of Hyperspectral Vegetation Indices to Detect Variations in High Leaf Area Index Temperate Shrub Thicket Canopies |
Jan 2011 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Steven T Brantley; Julie C Zinnert; Donald R Young; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
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| Accurate measurement of leaf area index (LAI), an important characteristic of plant canopies directly linked to primary production, is essential for monitoring changes in ecosystem C stocks and other ecosystem level fluxes. Direct measurement of LAI is labor intensive, impractical at large scales and does not capture seasonal or annual variations in canopy biomass. The need to monitor canopy related fluxes across landscapes makes remote sensing an attractive technique for ... |
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| Medical Surveillance Monthly Report. Volume 16, Number 7, July 2009 |
Jul-2009 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Lyme disease is a zoonotic tick-borne disease that is caused by infection with a spirochetal bacterium of the genus Borrelia. It has a worldwide distribution and is endemic in many temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. In the United States, it is hyperendemic along the mid- and northeastern Atlantic seaboard and in nonurban areas of Wisconsin. Lyme disease is transmitted by ticks that feed on both humans and animal hosts ... |
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| Assessment of Weather Sensitivites and Air Force Weather (AFW) Support to Tactical Lasers in the Lower Troposphere |
Mar-2009 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Francesco J Echeverria; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT/DEPT OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS
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| ATL scientists need to develop a full understanding of the interaction effects between a high-energy laser beam and the atmosphere through which it propagates. Achieving this understanding is important for many reasons. In particular, the high cost of DE weapons systems makes each propagation event expensive. Having an understanding of the atmosphere in which a high-energy laser propagates will increase efficiency and effectiveness of the ATL weapon system, which in ... |
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| An Analysis of Clear Sky and Contextual Biases Using an Operational Over Ocean MODIS Aerosol Product |
Jan-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Jianglong Zhang; Jeffrey S Reid; NORTH DAKOTA UNIV GRAND FORKS
|
| Clear sky and other cloud-related contextual biases are critical yet unsolved mysteries for aerosol related climatological studies using satellite observations. For the first time, we simulated contextual biases over ocean using 2-years of Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) products that include the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) assimilation. We compared model-derived AOD in regions with and without observations, and found that sampling results in ... |
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| Growth Response of Potamogeton crispus to Lime Application in Experimental Mesocosms |
JUN 2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
William F. James; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| The objectives of the research were to examine Potamogeton crispus shoot, root, and propagule (i.e., turions) growth response to lime application in experimental outdoor mesocosms. Potamogeton crispus is a nonnative species that has become widespread in temperate regions of North America (Bolduan et al. 1994). Because densities are often high and senescence occurs in mid-summer, P. crispus also represents an important source of internal nutrient loading for algal assimilation (James ... |
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| Deriving Sea Surface Salinity and Density Variations From Satellite and Aircraft Microwave Radiometer Measurements: Application to Coastal Plumes Using STARRS |
MAR 2008 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Derek M. Burrage; Joel C. Wesson; Jerry Miller; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| Using brightness temperature Tb measurements from L-band airborne microwave radiometers, with independent sea surface temperature (SST) observations, sea surface salinity (SSS) can be remotely determined with errors of about 1 psu in temperate regions. Nonlinearities in the relationship between $Tb$, SSS, and SST produce variations in the sensitivity of salinity S to variations in Tb and SST. Despite significant efforts devoted to SSS remote sensing retrieval algorithms, little consideration has ... |
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| Reflective Light Modulation by Cephalopods in Shallow Nearshore Habitats |
Jan-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Roger T Hanlon; MARINE BIOLOGICAL LAB WOODS HOLE MA
|
 | The central question is: what are the optical principles upon which crypsis is achieved by opaque organisms in shallow, nearshore marine habitats? Camouflage mechanisms are not well known despite the general misconception that they are. Moreover, quantification of camouflage (especially of opaque organisms) is particularly wanting. We have three objectives: (1) Acquire imagery (camouflaged animals and their backgrounds) and corresponding irradiance data from coral reef and temperate rock reef environments. ... |
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| Structure and Evolution of Thermohaline Staircases in Tropical North Atlantic |
DEC 2007 |
104 pages |
| Authors:
Steven Wall; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| This study explores the dynamics of salt finger convection which occurs when warm, salty water overlies cool and fresh. Salt finger convection is generally observed in mid-latitude regions, particularly in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, between the hase of the mixed layer and the top of the intermediate water. Active salt fingering is characterized by the appearance of well mixed layers separated by thin high-gradient interfaces, known as thermohaline ... |
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| Reflective Light Modulation by Cephalopods in Shallow Nearshore Habitats |
30 Sep 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Roger T Hanlon; Kenneth G Foote; MARINE BIOLOGICAL LAB WOODS HOLE MA
|
| Camouflage mechanisms are not well known despite the general misconception that they are; moreover, quantification of camouflage (especially of opaque organisms) is particularly wanting. We have three objectives: (1) Acquire imagery (camouflaged animals and their backgrounds) and corresponding irradiance data from coral reef and temperate rock reef environments. (2) Perform image analyses to quantify the degree of crypsis. (3) Construct a comparative digital photographic library of shallow-water marine animals in ... |
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| Assessment of Optical Turbulence Profiles Derived From Probabilistic Climatology |
MAR 2007 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
Brett W. Wisdom; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| This research e ort assesses the performance of the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) Climatological C2noptical turbulence model. Path-integrated C2nvalues of two HELEEOS optical turbulence pro les at 3 distinct operational altitudes are compared to values determined from measured thermosonde data. HELEEOS desert and mid-latitude sites are selected from the Extreme and Percentile Environmental Reference Tables (ExPERT) database for comparison to the thermosonde data. Statistical equivalence of the ... |
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| Characterisation of Narrowband HF Channels in the Mid and Low Latitude Ionosphere |
01 JUN 2006 |
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| Authors:
T. J. Harris; M. L. Scholz; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA)
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| The performance of an HF digital radio system is strongly affected by the response of its various protocols to short-term (sub-hourly) variations in the ionosphere. There is a very limited choice of models of this variation. Channel simulators based on the Watterson 2-path model (ITU-R F.1487) are commonly relied upon for modem testing, system design and modelling. Limited DSTO trials in the past have cast doubt on the validity of ... |
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| Space Weather Applications of the UAF Eulerian Parallel Polar Ionosphere Model (EPPIM) |
01 JUN 2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Sergei Maurits; Anton Kulchitsky; Brenton Watkins; ALASKA UNIV FAIRBANKS
|
| UAF EPPIM is the first principles theoretical model of the polar ionosphere, which covers region pole ward from 50 N of geomagnetic latitude, and altitudes from 80 to 900-1000 km. If available, the model can input real data or, conversely, it is capable of generating all necessary inputs using statistical modules (e.g., MSIS, electric field, precipitation intensity, etc.) incorporated into the model and driven by the standard set of geophysical ... |
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| Biotic and Abiotic Attenuation of Nitrogenous Energetic Compounds (NEC) in Coastal Waters and Sediments |
30 MAY 2006 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
M. T. Montgomery; S. W. Walker; C. L. Osburn; L. J. Hamdan; T. J. Boyd; Y. Furukawa; J. Hawari; F. Monteil-Rivera; D. W. O'Sullivan; H. W. Paerl; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| During the first year of this project, laboratory experiments were coupled with two field samplings; the first involved the temperate ecosystem of the Chesapeake Bay in March 2005, and the second involved the tropical ecosystem offshore of Oahu. In general, the study of the rates of abiotic transformation of NEC (Task 1) and photolytic degradation (Task 2) took place in the laboratory, while the study of the degradation by microalgae ... |
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| No Effect of Moderate Hypohydration or Hyperthermia on Anaerobic Exercise Performance |
2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
S. N. Cheuvront; R. Carter; E. M. Haymes; M. N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Purpose: This study examined the effects of hypohydration and moderate hyperthermia (core temperature elevation) on anaerobic exercise performance in a temperate environment. Methods: Eight active males completed two passive heat exposure trials (180-min, 45 degrees C, 50%rh) with (EUH) and without (HYP) fluid replacement. A single 15-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) was used to assess anaerobic performance (peak power, mean power, and fatigue index) before (-180-min) and again a three ... |
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| Dust Abatement Methods for Lines-of-Communication and Base Camps in Temperate Climates |
OCT 2005 |
110 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Rushing; Vernon M. Moore; Jeb S. Tingle; Quint Mason; Tim McCaffrey; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB
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| The U.S. Army Engineer Research and development Center was tasked by the U.S. Marine Corps Systems Command to develop dust control systems for sustainment use on roads and other large-area applications in temperate climates as part of a comprehensive dust abatement program. The project consisted of evaluating various dust palliatives and application procedures during field tests. The products of this effort include equipment recommendations, palliative recommendations, and complete application guidance. ... |
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| Use of a High-Resolution 3D Laser Scanner for Minefield Surface Modeling and Terrain Characterization: Temperate Region |
AUG 2005 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Sam S. Jackson; Michael J. Bishop; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| The use of a high-resolution, ground-based 3D laser scanner was recently evaluated for terrestrial site characterization of variable-surface minefield sites and generation of surface and terrain models. The instrument used to conduct this research was a Leica HDS3000 3D laser scanner. The high-speed, highly accurate ranging system has a 360 deg horizontal x 270 deg vertical field of view that delivers positional, range, and angular (vertical and horizontal) single point ... |
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| Use of a High-Resolution 3D Laser Scanner for Minefield Surface Modeling and Terrain Characterization: Temperature Region |
AUG 2005 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Sam S. Jackson; Michael J. Bishop; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The use of a high-resolution, ground-based 3D laser scanner was recently evaluated for terrestrial site characterization of variable-surface minefield sites and generation of surface and terrain models. The instrument used to conduct this research was a Leica HDS3000 3D laser scanner. The high-speed, highly accurate ranging system has a 360 deg horizontal 270 deg vertical field of view that delivers positional, range, and angular (vertical and horizontal) single point accuracies ... |
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| Near-Simultaneous Plasma Structuring in the Midlatitude and Equatorial Ionosphere During Magnetic Superstorms |
29 APR 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Santimay Basu; Sunanda Basu; Keith M. Groves; Eileen MacKenzie; M. J. Keskinen; F. J. Rich; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| Near simultaneous formation of ionospheric plasma density structures at middle and equatorial latitudes during the intense magnetic storms of October 29-31, 2003; July 15, 2000; and March 30-31, 2001 is investigated. The evolution of these structures is explored by measuring amplitude scintillation of satellite signals at 250 MHz, determining zonal irregularity drifts and by detecting equatorial plasma bubbles with DMSP satellites. During abrupt decreases of SYM-H (1-minute resolution Dst) that ... |
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| Anthropometric Study of U.S. Army National Guard Personnel, Fort Polk, Louisiana (2003) |
APR 2005 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Todd N. Garlie; Claire C. Gordon; ARMY NATICK SOLDIER CENTER MA
|
| This report highlights the collection of anthropometric and demographic data for a group of Army National Guard (ARNG) personnel (N=451) who were preparing, at Fort Polk, Louisiana, for active duty in Bosnia and Kosovo in July 2003. These data provide information on body size and shape for Army National Guard personnel. In addition, this report, the first of its kind, provides weights (grams) from a post-hoc study of warm weather ... |
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| Influence of Antarctic Oscillation on Intraseasonal Variability of Large-Scale Circulations Over the Western North Pacific |
MAR 2005 |
113 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth R. Burton Jr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| This study examines Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude wave variations connected to the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) to establish connections with the 15- to 25-day wave activity in the western North Pacific monsoon trough region. The AAO index defined from the leading empirical orthogonal functions of 700 hPa height anomalies led to seven distinct circulation patterns that vary in conjunction with the 15- to 25-day monsoon trough mode. For nearly one half of ... |
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| Radio Wave Studies of Irregular Ionospheric Phenomena at Midlatitude |
31 DEC 2004 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Cristos Haldoupis; CRETE UNIV (GREECE)
|
| This report results from a contract tasking University of Crete as follows: The contractor will investigate irregular plasma physical processes in the mid-latitude ionosphere. Proposed research will focus on four topics: i) Formation and morphology of sporadic E layers (Es). 2) Plasma physics of instabilities and irregularities inside Es. 3) The role of unstable sporadic E in the generation of mid-latitude Spread F. 4) A new VLF experiment in Crete ... |
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| A Simulation Model on the Competition for Light of Meadow-forming and Canopy-forming Aquatic Macrophytes at High and Low Nutrient Availability |
SEP 2004 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Elly P. Best; Gregory A. Kiker; William A. Boyd; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| A simulation model has been developed that focuses on the ability of two competing submersed macrophytes, meadow-forming and canopy-forming, to maintain their biomass under different environmental conditions. Vallisneria americana (American wildcelery) serves as the example for meadow-forming plants and Stuckenia pectinata (until recently known as Potamogeton pectinatus or sago pondweed) for canopy-forming plants. The model can be used to predict changes in species composition of submersed vegetation as a result ... |
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| Environmental Mitigation Ranges around Australia |
FEB 2004 |
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| Authors:
Paul Clarke; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) MARITIME OPERATIONS DIV
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| URS Australia is currently writing "Environmental Management Plan for Australian Maritime Exercise Areas" for the ADF. To help URS, the MOD within DSTO has modeled the expected received sound pressure levels for a number of different environments and sonar frequencies around Australia. The maximum ranges the sound pressure levels dropped below 182 and 160 dB were then calculated for a number of different sonars operating at levels indicative of or ... |
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| Operator Functional State Assessment (l'evaluation de i'aptitude operationnelle de i'operateur humain) |
FEB 2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
R. Carter; S. N. Cheuvront; M. N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining fighting effectiveness, and several common operational stresses can result in relatively large alterations in TBW content and distribution. During most "normal" conditions, humans have little trouble maintaining optimal fluid balance. However, many factors such as sickness, physical exercise, climatic exposure (heat, cold, and altitude), and psychological strain can lead to significant disturbances in water balance (Sawka, 1988). Perhaps the best example involves heat stress ... |
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| Investigating the Effect of Natural and Technogenic Atmospheric Disturbances of the Northern Hemisphere on the Electromagnetic Environment in the Antarctic (P-072) |
JUL 2003 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
Yuri Yampolski; UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES KHARKOV INST OF RADIO ASTRONOMY
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| This report results from a contract tasking National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine as follows: The Project is aimed at studying the effect of high-energy natural and/or technogenic processes in the Northern hemisphere in the electromagnetic conditions of the Antarctic region. The observations are to be held at the Ukrainian 'Antarctic base (UAB) Academician Vemadsky' at 65 S, 64 W. The Antarctic is known to be the only continent ... |
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| The Regulation of Expression of the Stx2d Toxins in Shiga Toxin- producing Escherichia coli O91:H21 Strain B2F1 |
2002 |
153 pages |
| Authors:
Louise D. Teel; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
| Shiga toxin (Stx) types 1 and 2 are encoded within intact or defective temperate bacteriophages in Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and expression of these toxins is linked to bacteriophage induction. Among Stx2 variants, only stx2e from one human STEC isolate has been reported to be encoded within a toxin-converting phage. In this study, I examined O91:H21 STEC isolate B2F1 that carries two functional alleles (stx2d1 and stx2d2) for the potent ... |
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| Nutrition for Health and Performance, 2000: Nutritional Guidance for Military Operations in Temperate and Extreme Environments |
01 DEC 1999 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Beverly Patton; Scott Montain; Harris Lieberman; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| The technical note, Nutrition for Health and Performance, 2000: Nutritional Guidance for Military Operations in Temperate and Extreme Environments, is intended as a guide and reference for U.S. military small unit commanders and NCOs. Included are descriptions of all military rations, information on ration nutrient content and fortification, and ration composition. In addition, nutritional guidance is provided for specific military scenarios: heat, cold, and ... |
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| A Comparative Analysis of the Iridium and Globalstar Satellite Transmission Paths |
01 MAR 1999 |
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| Authors:
Kenneth e. Crowe; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| Globalstar and Iridium will provide valuable global communications assets for business, humanitarian aid and military operations. However, the level of coverage and the quality of the transmission path of these systems are strongly dependent on the latitude of the user and, due to their orbital characteristics, both systems provide reduced levels of coverage at low latitudes. Additionally, the L- and S-Band frequencies utilized by these systems are prone to ionospheric ... |
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| Sediment Transport in the Western Interior Seaway of North America: Predictions from a Climate-Ocean.Sediment Model |
1999 |
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| Authors:
Rudy Slingerland; Timothy R. Keen; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Whether from the foreshore, shoreface, shelf, or incised estuarine valleys, sedimentary deposits along the western edge of the Western Interior seaway quite uniformly record southerly directed paleoflows. Cardium Formation shoreface gravels at Willesden Green, Alberta, decrease in clast size to the southeast. Isoliths outlining clastic wedges, such as the Chalk Creek, are recurved to the south. Large-scale cross-strata in rocks considered to be either shelf ... |
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| Laboratory Studies of the Stratospheric Effects of Rocket Exhaust |
DEC 1998 |
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| Authors:
M. J. Molina; M. Haider; Y. Mantz; L. Gutzwiller; L. T. Molina; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| The most important chlorine activation reaction that takes place in the stratosphere is the heterogeneous reaction of chlorine nitrate with hydrogen chloride to produce molecular chlorine and nitric acid. The reaction is catalytic, promoted by surfaces that are not themselves affected by the reaction. This process was investigated in the laboratory: the reaction probability was found to have a value of about 0.02 on glass, on laboratory alumina, and on ... |
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| Dynamics of Oceanic Motions |
30 SEP 1998 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Allan R. Robinson; HARVARD UNIV CAMBRIDGE MA DIV OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES
|
| This research is concerned with accurate and efficient four-dimensional field estimation and fundamental dynamical process studies for the mid-latitude ocean. The research is multiscale, interdisciplinary and generic. The methods are applicable to an arbitrary region of the coastal and/or deep ocean and across the shelf-break. Results contribute to: knowledge of realistic regional processes and general physical and physical/acoustical processes; and to the formulation and initiation of studies on physical-biological-chemical interactions ... |
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| Tracer Studies of Mixing in Stratified Coastal Waters |
30 Sep 1998 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
James R Ledwell; Timothy F Duda; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA DEPT OF APPLIED OCEAN PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING
|
| The long term goal of the experiment is to gain an understanding of the interaction of mixing, stirring, and advection with the optical properties of the water column on the continental shelf in a temperate region. This understanding should ultimately be great enough to enable predictions of optical properties to be made from external forcing of the physical and biological system and conditions of the waters surrounding the shelf region. ... |
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| Biochemistry and Chemotherapy of Malaria and Leishmaniasis |
DEC 97 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Linda Nolan; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV AMHERST
|
| Malaria is the world's most ravaging infectious disease. It is rampant throughout much of the tropics and some of the temperate areas of the world. It threatens a third of the world's population, presently afflicting hundreds of millions of people, causing several million deaths annually and possibly generating as many as 92 million new clinical cases each year. The socioeconomic drain of the disease is enormous. Resurgence of this pestilence ... |
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| Southern Hemisphere Application of the Systematic Approach to Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasting. Part 1: Environmental Structure Characteristics |
DEC 1997 |
104 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony J. Bannister; mark A. Boothe; Lester E. Carr III; Russell L. Elsberry; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The environment structure conceptual models of the Systematic Approach to Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasting technique of Carr and Elsberry are applied to all Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclones during January 1994 - June 1997. Whereas three of the four synoptic patterns from the western North Pacific could be applied with relatively small modifications, a new High (H) amplitude synoptic pattern was defined to classify the situations with large meridional penetrations of ... |
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| Extratropical Transition of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones |
SEP 1997 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Peter M. Klein; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Extratropical transition (ET) of a tropical cyclone (TC) often results in a mid-latitude storm that threatens maritime and coastal interests. Cases of ET between 1 July through 31 October during 1994-1996 are reviewed using Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) analyses and hourly geostationary satellite imagery. Current conceptual models are found to be inadequate to explain the physical processes in ET. ET is redefined ... |
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| Adaptive Observations in Fastex IOP-18: Data Impact and Synoptic Interpretation |
1997 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Rolf H. Langland; Ronald Gelaro; Gregory D. Rohaly; Melvyn A. Shapiro; OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH ARLINGTON VA
|
| An issue of major importance in numerical weather prediction is the requirement to provide models with accurate initial conditions. The Fronts and Atlantic Storm Track Experiment (FASTEX) provides an opportunity to examine the impact of special observational data in 1-3 day forecasts of north Atlantic cyclones. An overview of FASTEX objectives and observational resources is contained in July et al (1997). The FASTEX field phase ... |
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| Development of the Zebra Danio Model: Carcinogenesis and Gene Transfer Studies |
SEP 96 |
337 pages |
| Authors:
Jerry D. Hendricks; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS
|
| Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) were evaluated as a small fish model for environmental carcinogenesis monitoring. Criteria used for evaluation included: (1) sensitivity to dose response exposures of 6 known carcinogens by 4 routes of exposure, (2) histopathologic evaluation of the resulting lesions and comparison with responses in other species, (3) response to promoters of neoplasia, (4) ability to conduct carcinogen metabolism studies to understand mechanisms of action, (5) determining the role ... |
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| A Radiative Transfer Model To Analyze Radiometer Data In The Atmospheric Window |
MAR 96 |
108 pages |
| Authors:
Keith J. Duffy; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| A radiation model was developed to calculate radiance in a plane parallel, vertically nonhomogeneous, nonscattering atmosphere. The radiance model was developed to analyze data collected by a vertically pointed radiometer with a receiver bandwidth of 9.5-11.5 micrometers. These radiometer readings are used in conjunction with backscatter readings from a vertically aligned polarization diversity lidar system to compute various cirrus cloud properties such as infrared (IR) emittance. The model used the ... |
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| Atmospheric Ionization by Solar Particles Detected by Nitrate Measurements in Antarctic Snow. FY91 AASERT |
30 NOV 95 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Francis M. Vitt; Charles H. Jackman; KANSAS UNIV LAWRENCE DEPT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY
|
| The odd nitrogen source strengths associated with solar proton events (SPEs), galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), and the oxidation of nitrous oxide in the Earth's middle atmosphere from 1974 through 1993 have been compared globally, at middle and lower latitudes ( 50 deg) with a two- dimensional (2-D) photochemical transport model. As discovered previously, the oxidation of nitrous oxide dominates the global odd nitrogen source while GCRs and SPEs are significant ... |
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| Larval Fish Dynamics in Oxbow Lakes with Varying Connections to a Temperate River |
SEP 95 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
K. J. Killgore; Gary L. Miller; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
|
| Bottomland hardwood wetlands occur on alluvial fioodplains of many river systems in the lower Mississippi River basin. These forested wetlands are inundated in winter and spring, they are highly productive, and most support diverse fish communities (Finger and Stewart 1987; Scott and Nielson 1989; Baker and Kiligore 1994). |
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| Heat Strain Models Applicable for Protective Clothing: Comparison of Core Temperature Response |
JUN 95 |
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| Authors:
Richard R. Gonzalez; Thomas M. McLellan; W. R. Withey; Stephen K. Chang; Kent B. Pandolf; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| This report represents the results of TTCP-UTP6 efforts on modeling aspects when chemical protective ensembles are worn which need to be considered in warm environments. Since 1983, a significant data base has been collected using human experimental studies and wide clothing systems from which predictive modeling equations have been developed with individuals working in temperate and hot environments, but few comparisons of the -- results from various model outputs have ... |
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| An Observational Study on the Onset of the Summer Monsoon Over Eastern Asia in 1979 |
15 DEC 94 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Tao Shiyan; He Shixiu; Yang Zufang; NATIONAL AIR INTELLIGENCE CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This article analyzes the process of seasonal transition from spring to summer during the monsoon test period of May-July 1979. In the area of southern Asia and the northwestern Pacific, ten days before the outbreak of large scale summer monsoons, there was a strengthening process in upper atmosphere jet stream westerlies for the area of the southern hemisphere between 40 deg - 160 deg E in the middle latitudes. As ... |
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| Comparisons of Target Detection Clutter Using Data From the 1993 FOPEN Experiments |
OCT 94 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
E. M. Winter; M. J. Schlangen; C. R. Hendrickson; NAVAL COMMAND CONTROL AND OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CENTER RDT AND E DIV SAN DIEGO CA
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| During 1993, a series of experiments were performed under the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) sponsorship using the SRI Ultra-Wide Band UHF Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). These experiments were performed over a variety of clutter backgrounds to assess the foliage penetration capability of the technology and to investigate target detection in clutter. Experiments were conducted observing tropical rain forest backgrounds in Panama, several different desert backgrounds in the Yuma vicinity, ... |
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| Hydraulics and Instabilities of Quasi-Geostrophic Zonal Flows |
SEP 94 |
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| Authors:
Elise A. Ralph; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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| The thesis addresses the applicability of traditional hydraulic theory to an unstable, mid-latitude jet where the only wave present is the Rossby wave modified by shear. While others (Armi 1989, Pratt 1989, Haynes et al.1993 and Woods 1993) have examined specific examples of shear flow "hydraulics", my goal was to find general criteria for the types of flows that may exhibit hydraulic behavior. In addition, a goal was to determine ... |
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| Multiple Instrument Studies of Chemical Releases and Heating at Arecibo |
MAR 94 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
R. C. Livingston; C. J. Heinselman; J. F. Vickrey; R. T. Tsunoda; SRI INTERNATIONAL MENLO PARK CA
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| The Combined Releases and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) Puerto Rico experiments carried out during June and July 1992, provided and opportunity to observe the dynamics and evolution of high-altitude chemical releases at middle latitudes. Among the experiments that were conducted for the program, three large barium payloads were released into the dawn F region -- two into the natural ionosphere and one into an ionosphere modified by HF heating. Extended ... |
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| Nutritional Guidance for Military Field Operations in Temperate and Extreme Environments |
JUN 93 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
C. D. Thomas; C. J. Baker-Fulco; T. E. Jones; N. King; D. A. Jezior; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
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| The purpose of this report is to augment and supplement, but ot replace, current military policy. It is intended as a guide and reference for U. S. military small unit commanders and NCOs. Included are descriptions of all military rations, information on ration nutrient fortification, and ration composition. In addition, nutrition guidance is provided for military operations in temperate and extreme climates, and altitude. Answers are provided for frequently encountered ... |
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| Upper Atmosphere Neutral and Plasma Density Modeling |
31 MAR 93 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey M. Forbes; Matthew Fox; BOSTON UNIV MA
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| The neutral density studies described in this report concentrate on specifying tidal aspects of the thermosphere. Firstly, HMEs were used to describe the variations in a database of tidal measurements, providing improved thermospheric specification. Similar techniques were used to derive diurnal and semi-diurnal density corrections to the Grove/MSIS83 model currently used by the AWS. Finally, the variations of satellite -based (SETA) wind and density measurements in the 170-220km high latitude ... |
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TEMPERATE REGIONS
