| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
27-Nov-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), in December 2008, declared the economy in recession since December 2007. With the worsening performance of the economy beginning in September 2008, Congress passed and President Obama signed a much larger stimulus package composed of spending and tax cuts. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5), a $787 billion package with $286 billion in tax cuts and the remainder ... |
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| The Global Financial Crisis: Analysis and Policy Implications |
25-Nov-2009 |
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| Authors:
Dick K Nanto; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The world appears to be beginning to recover from the global recession that is causing widespread business contraction, increases in unemployment, and shrinking government revenues. Although the industrialized economies have stopped contracting, for many, unemployment is still rising. The United States likely hit bottom in June 2009, but numerous small banks and households still face huge problems in restoring their balance sheets, and unemployment has combined with sub-prime loans to ... |
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| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
10-Nov-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), in December 2008, declared the economy in recession since December 2007. With the worsening performance of the economy beginning in September 2008, Congress passed and President Obama signed a much larger stimulus package composed of spending and tax cuts. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5), a $787 billion package with $286 billion in tax cuts and the remainder ... |
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| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
06-Oct-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Recent policies have sought to contain damages spilling over from housing and financial markets to the broader economy, including monetary policy, which is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve, and fiscal policy, including a tax cut in February 2008 of $150 billion and two extensions of unemployment compensation in June and November of 2008. In 2008 and early 2009, the government intervened in specific financial markets, including financial assistance to ... |
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| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
16-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Recent policies have sought to contain damages spilling over from housing and financial markets to the broader economy, including monetary policy, which is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve, and fiscal policy, including a tax cut in February 2008 of $150 billion and two extensions of unemployment compensation in June and November of 2008. In 2008 and early 2009, the government intervened in specific financial markets, including financial assistance to ... |
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| Effects of Form Perception and Meaning on the Visual Evoked Potential with Author's Update |
Sep-2009 |
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| Authors:
Melvyn E Kalich; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
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| Visual evoked responses (VER) from different interpretations of reversible figures, simple geometrical forms, and consonant-vowel-consonant (cvc) trigrams with differently ordered consonants were studied over a 2-year period in three adult human subjects. Stimuli were all black line figures subtending less than 2 degrees, seen against a white, square, 10-degree background and presented in random order with a random interstimulus interval. VERs were obtained from six active electrode sites. VER wave ... |
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| The Global Financial Crisis: Analysis and Policy Implications |
21-Aug-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Dick K Nanto; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The world is in a global recession that is causing widespread business contraction, increases in unemployment, and shrinking government revenues. Although recent data indicate the large industrialized economies may have reached bottom and are beginning to recover, for the most part, unemployment is still rising. Numerous small banks and households still face huge problems in restoring their balance sheets, and unemployment has combined with sub-prime loans to keep home foreclosures ... |
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| The Global Financial Crisis: Analysis and Policy Implications |
10-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Dick K Nanto; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The world has entered a global recession that is causing widespread business contraction, increases in unemployment, and shrinking government revenues. Some of the largest and most venerable banks, investment houses, and insurance companies have either declared bankruptcy or have had to be rescued financially. Nearly all industrialized countries and many emerging and developing nations have announced economic stimulus and/or financial sector rescue packages, such as the American Recovery and Reinvestment ... |
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| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
06-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Recent policies have sought to contain damages spilling over from housing and financial markets to the broader economy, including monetary policy, which is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve, and fiscal policy, including a tax cut in February 2008 of $150 billion and two extensions of unemployment compensation in June and November of 2008. Over the past few months, the government has also intervened in specific financial markets, including financial ... |
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| The Global Financial Crisis: Analysis and Policy Implications |
02-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Dick K Nanto; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The world has entered a global recession that is causing widespread business contraction, increases in unemployment, and shrinking government revenues. Some of the largest and most venerable banks, investment houses, and insurance companies have either declared bankruptcy or have had to be rescued financially. Nearly all industrialized countries and many emerging and developing nations have announced economic stimulus and/or financial sector rescue packages, such as the American Recovery and Reinvestment ... |
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| Experimental Evaluation of Collaborating Teams (EECT) |
Jul-2009 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Tamera R Schneider; Pamela Dowling; Gaea M Payton; Charlene K Stokes; WRIGHT STATE UNIV DAYTON OH
|
 | This report documents the results of research activities conducted as part of this task order. The Experimental Evaluation of Collaborating Teams (EECT) research effort sought to investigate psychosocial factors that might impact performance in virtual, distributed teams. Although computer-mediated interactions can limit the social context and depth of discussion about team tasks, their benefits include that they can obscure status differences, and increase team member participation and team coordination. The ... |
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| Regulatory Role of the NF-kB Pathway in Lymphangiogenesis and Breast Cancer Mestatasis |
Jul-2009 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Flister; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV SPRINGFIELD
|
| The concept of inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis (i.e., formation of new lymphatic vessels) has long been recognized, but the molecular mechanisms remained largely unknown. The two primary mediators of lymphangiogenesis are vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) and Prox1. The key factors that regulate inflammation-induced transcription are members of the NF-kB family; however, the role of NF-kB in regulation of lymphatic-specific genes has not been defined. Here, we identified VEGFR-3 and Prox1 ... |
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| Roles for the DNA Damage Checkpoint Protein HUS1 in Breast Cancer |
Jul-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Stephanie A Yazinski; CORNELL UNIV NEW YORK
|
| Cancer is aberrant, uncontrolled cellular proliferation arising from an accumulation of mutations in growth regulatory genes. Two mammalian DNA damage checkpoint pathways, the Atm and Atr pathways, act to suppress tumor formation by preventing mutation accumulation and inducing senescence in response to oncogenic stimuli. Roles for the Atr pathway in tumor suppression are less understood, as deletion of any member of this pathway, including Hus1, results in embryonic lethality. To ... |
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| Assessment of EEG Signal Quality in Motion Environments |
Jun-2009 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Kaleb McDowell; Scott E Kerick; Kelvin S Oie; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
|
| Assessing the neurocognitive demands of humans operating in real-world environments is critical for understanding Soldier performance. However, the capability to reliably measure brain dynamics of Soldiers in operational environments is a major challenge because of inherent artifacts in real environments. This study quantified the integrity of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals as a function of varied motion artifacts that are characteristic of realistic environments. Participants performed a standard auditory discrimination task in ... |
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| The Integrative Studies of Genetic and Environmental Factors in Systemic Sclerosis |
May-2009 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaodong Zhou; TEXAS UNIV HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT HOUSTON
|
| During this second year of the project, we established multiple primary cell strains from normal controls and SSc patients. We performed stimulation assays with silica in 82 primary fibroblast strains. Our results showed that silica activate fibroblasts toward fibrotic changes. However, different fibroblast strains obtained from different individuals showed different responses in terms of the gene expression of the ECM components. Using longitudinal linear models in analysis of association between ... |
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| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
03-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Recent policies have sought to contain damages spilling over from housing and financial markets to the broader economy, including monetary policy, which is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve, and fiscal policy, including a tax cut in February 2008 of $150 billion and two extensions of unemployment compensation in June and November of 2008. Over the past few months, the government has also intervened in specific financial markets, including financial ... |
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| Menstrual Cycle and Visual Information Processing |
Apr-2009 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Michelle I Nash; BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PROVO UT
|
| This project examined the effects menstruation may have on visual attention in women. A recent study examined electroencephalographic (EEG) gender differences using a visual object recognition task. Results indicated certain EEG amplitudes (specifically, P300 and N400) are greater in women than men. This study extended the previous findings to determine if these increased EEG amplitudes vary across menstrual phases. Eighteen female participants participated in a series of 3 EEG recording ... |
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| Sound Localization in Multisource Environments |
Mar-2009 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Brian D Simpson; Douglas S Brungart; Nandini Iyer; HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH 711 HUMAN PERFORMANCE WING
|
| Although most sound localization research has examined the ability of listeners to determine the location of single sounds presented in quiet (typically anechoic) environments, most real-work listening situations are more complex, with multiple simultaneous sounds. Similarly, many applications of spatialized auditory (3D audio) displays are likely to require the presentation of complex auditory virtual environments, which must be reliably perceived and interpreted. Moreover, these displays must function properly even in ... |
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| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
27-Feb-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Recent policies have sought to contain damages spilling over from housing and financial markets to the broader economy, including monetary policy, which is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve, and fiscal policy, including a tax cut in February 2008 of $150 billion and two extensions of unemployment compensation in June and November of 2008. Over the past few months, the government has also intervened in specific financial markets, including financial ... |
|
| Scavenger Receptors and Resistance to Inhaled Allergens |
01-Feb-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Lester Kobzik; HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH BOSTON MA
|
| In vitro we tested our hypothesis that DCs from SRA KO mice would show altered migration and maturation, which would possibly explain the observation of enhanced allergy in the SRA KO mice. In detailed studies of random migration, chemotaxis to two different chemoattractants and surface marker maturation in response to two different stimuli (TNF and LPS) we found no difference in SRA deficient vs wild type dendritic cells. We made ... |
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| Algebraic Topology and Neuroscientific Data - Neovision 2 |
Feb-2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Gunnar Carlsson; STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF MATHEMATICS
|
| This work applied methods from computational topology to understand the behavior of populations of neurons in the Macaque primary visual cortex using embedded electrode arrays. The methods were additionally adapted to test the behavior of technology produced by Irvine Sensors, in which it is hoped to construct an artificial visual pathway. The results obtained demonstrated the presence of strong correlations of a particular kind in the electrode array data. |
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| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
23-Jan-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Recent policies have sought to contain damages spilling over from housing and financial markets to the broader economy, including monetary policy, which is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve, and fiscal policy, including a tax cut in February 2008 of $150 billion and two extensions of unemployment compensation in June and November of 2008. Over the past few months, the government has also intervened in specific financial markets, including financial ... |
|
| The Mechanosensitive Ca2+ Channel as a Central Regular of Prostate Tumor Cell Migration and Invasiveness |
Jan-2009 |
126 pages |
| Authors:
Owen P Hamill; Rosario Maroto; TEXAS UNIV MEDICAL BRANCH AT GALVESTON
|
| Our patch clamp studies indicate MscCa is expressed by the invasive prostate tumor cell PC-3. Anti-MscCa agents, Gd3+, GsmTx-4, and an anti-TRPC1 antibody block PC-3 cell migration. MscCa activity can be recorded over the surface of the PC-3 cell but is expressed at higher density on the rear compared with the front of the cell. This channel density gradient combined with a higher density of thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ stores in the ... |
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| Differential Effect of Correct Name Translation on Human and Automated Judgments of Translation Acceptability: A Pilot Study |
01-Sep-2008 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Michelle Vanni; James Walrath; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES DIRECTORATE
|
| This study proffers two important findings: (1) automated machine translation (MT) evaluation is insensitive to the cognitive gravitas of proper names, contributing to its weak modeling of human judgments of higher quality MT output, and (2) there is a "new" methodology that produces superior measurement of translation acceptability. Twenty Arabic sentences, each with average name density of 3.7 names in 22 words, were translated into English with a research-grade MT ... |
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| The Integrative Studies of Genetic and Environmental Factors in Systemic Sclerosis |
01-May-2008 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaodong Zhou; TEXAS UNIV HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT HOUSTON
|
| During this first year of the project, we established 60 primary fibroblast strains from normal controls and SSc patients who have been genotyped with HLA markers. We performed stimulation assays with silica and/or carbon, titanium particles in 60 primary fibroblast strains. Our results showed that both silica and carbon particle can activate fibroblasts toward fibrotic changes. To develop a comprehensive statistical analysis in study of dynamic properties of fibroblasts, we ... |
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| The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2008 to 2018 |
JAN 2008 |
199 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that after three years of declining budget deficits, a slowing economy this year will contribute to an increase in the deficit. Under an assumption that current laws and policies do not change, CBO projects that the budget deficit will rise to 1.5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2008 from 1.2 percent in 2007 (see Summary Table 1). Enactment of legislation to provide ... |
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| Effects of Noise and Tonal Stimuli on Hearing in Pinnipeds |
Jan-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Colleen Reichmuth; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA CRUZ INST OF MARINE SCIENCES
|
| The practical objective for FY08 was to complete behavioral testing with three subjects against an equal energy matrix of tonal noise exposures (with similar characteristics to mid-frequency sonar) based on pre-determined combinations of stimulus duration and received sound pressure level. The specific aims were (1) to compare the characteristics of the threshold shifts induced by exposure to tonal sounds to the auditory effects induced by broadband noise exposure so that ... |
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| Auditory Weighting Functions and Frequency-Dependent Effects of Sound in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) |
Jan-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
James J Finneran; SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS CENTER PACIFIC SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The long term goal of this effort is to develop meaningful auditory weighting functions for marine mammals. These weighting functions would improve assessments of the effects of anthropogenic sound by emphasizing frequencies to which animals are most sensitive and de-emphasizing those to which they are not. The objective of this effort is to develop auditory weighting functions for bottlenose dolphins with normal hearing and high-frequency hearing loss. The weighting functions ... |
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| The Temporal Resolution of Flight Attitude Control in Dragonflies and Locusts: Lessons for the Design of Flapping-Wing MAVs |
04 DEC 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Gert Stange; Fabian Schmeling; Richard Berry; Gerlinde Lenz; AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIV CANBERRA (AUSTRALIA) RESEARCH SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
|
| In order to identify stability constraints in flapping-winged MAVs, within the context of longitudinal stabilization of flight attitude, the question is examined whether insects are capable of controlling flight attitude at the temporal resolution of a single wing beat. It is found that the phenomenon of phase locking between a periodic light flash and the wingbeat of insects is suitable for the examination of the time resolution with which vision ... |
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| D2 as an Integrator of Oncogenic Stimuli in Breast Cancer |
01 SEP 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Ruth A. Keri; CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV CLEVELAND OH
|
| This proposal focused on the role of Inhibitor of Differentiation (Id) proteins, which are transcription factors, in mammary gland development and carcinogenesis. Although Id2 regulates mammary gland growth and development and is important for myc-induced transformation of certain cell types, its role in breast cancer has not been thoroughly addressed. We have found that Id2 is upregulated in two mouse models of breast cancer: one that involves hormone-induction of carcinogenesis ... |
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| Design of Energetic Ionic Liquids (Preprint) |
27 AUG 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jerry A. Boatz; Hui Li; Mark S. Gordon; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| An essential need of the US Air Force is the discovery, development, and fielding of new, energetic materials for advanced chemical propulsion in space and missile applications. Some of the key factors driving the requirement for new chemical propellants include: (a) improved performance in terms of increased specific impulse and density, (b) reduced sensitivity to external stimuli such as impact, friction, shock, and electrostatic discharge, and (c) mitigation of environmental ... |
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| Presence |
01 JUL 2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Erik den Dekker; Nico Delleman; TNO HUMAN FACTORS SOESTERBERG (NETHERLANDS) THERMAL PHYSIOLOGY GROUP
|
| If one wants to turn virtual reality (VR) technology into an effective tool, it is vital to obtain a basic understanding of the key elements for success. A concept that has received a lot of attention from VR researchers is presence. Presence may be loosely described as the feeling of being there in the virtual world instead of just experiencing stimuli from displays (for a clear description of the difference ... |
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| Using Genetically Engineered Mice to Probe the Role of Bioactive Lipids in Prostate Carcinogenesis |
JUL 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Diana M. Stafforini; UTAH UNIV SALT LAKE CITY
|
| Prostate cancer (CaP) is the second most common cause of cancer death in North American men. CaP is characterized by stages that include aggressive forms that disseminate to other tissues. Tumors release factors that attract and activate cells of the immune system including macrophages. Exposure of macrophages to inflammatory stimuli results in the transcriptional activation of an anti-inflammatory phospholipase A2, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) that inactivates PAF and other bioactive ... |
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| Autonomous Defensive Space Control via On-Board Artificial Neural Networks |
Apr-2007 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Michael T Manor; AIR WAR COLL MAXWELL AFB AL CENTER FOR STRATEGY AND TECHNOLOGY
|
| Future advances in neural network technology, coupled with increased computer processor capability, may create an opportunity to develop systems that enable satellites to autonomously differentiate, detect and defend against attacks. The Air Force should take advantage of this potential opportunity by investing the necessary resources for the development of space-based neural networks. An artificial neural network (ANN) or commonly just neural network (NN) is an artificial intelligence system created to ... |
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| Augmenting Cognition: Optimizing Strategic Visual Processing |
30 MAR 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Stephanie M. Doane; MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV MISSISSIPPI STATE
|
| This report details a research project investigating the acquisition and transfer of strategic stimulus processing skills. Previous research suggests that humans initially acquire processing strategies that reduce the number of redundant comparisons required for accurate visual discriminations. Further, strategies acquired during exposure to one set of visual stimuli can be transferred to a novel stimulus set. Strategies are transferred regardless of their effectiveness, and once acquired, they are difficult to ... |
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| Condensed-Phase Reactions of Energetic Ionic Liquids Under Different Ignition Stimuli |
20 MAR 2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas A. Litzinger; Stefan T. Thynell; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK
|
| The experimental work conducted under this program was designed to provide new insight into condensed-phase reactions leading to ignition of ionic liquids. The objectives of the work were: (1) to identify the initiation and secondary reactions in the condensed phase that lead to ignition and combustion, (2) to understand the effects of the structure of the cation on these reactions, and (3) to determine the effects of the type of ... |
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| Analysis of Morphogenic Effect of hDAB2IP on Prostate Cancer and its Disease Correlation |
FEB 2007 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Jer-Tsong Hsieh; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
|
| Imbalance of apoptotic and/or survival signaling cascade is a hallmark of malignant cell. In prostate cancer (PCa), constitutive activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt/PKB and inactivation of apoptosis-stimulated kinase (ASK1)-JNK pathway signaling are often detected in metastatic cell. Understanding the underlying mechanism leading to such alternations will provide a better treatment strategy to control the terminal stage of this disease. In this project, we have proposed that DAB2IP protein, a novel ... |
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| Situational Awareness, Crew Resource Management and Operational Performance in Fatigued Two-Man Crews Using Three Stimulant Countermeasures |
01 NOV 2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
K. Darlington; L. V. Palacio; T. Dowler; P. LeDuc; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| The Warfighter lives a life of critical judgments, decisions, and risk taking. There is barely enough time to perform mission-essential tasks, let alone time to rest and rejuvenate body and mind. Army researchers have done a thorough job in the pursuit of countermeasures to Soldier fatigue that do not interfere with soldier performance, when that issue is couched in terms of individual soldiers performing fairly simple, repetitive tasks. Acceptable sedatives ... |
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| Bone Growth, Mechanical Stimulus and IGF-1 |
01 OCT 2006 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Vicente Gilsanz; CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL LOS ANGELES CA
|
| The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for brief periods of low magnitude high frequency mechanical stimulation signals in the musculoskeletal system. The major findings were that short bouts of extremely low-level mechanical signals, several orders of magnitude below that associated with vigorous exercise, increased bone and muscle mass in the weight bearing skeleton of young adult females with low bone density. Ultimately, this information could be ... |
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| Canola Oil Fuel Cell Demonstration: Volume 3 - Technical, Commercialization, and Application Issues Associated with Harvested Biomass |
17 AUG 2006 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
John Adams; Craig Cassarino; Joel Lindstrom; Linda Eslin; Scott M. Lux; Franklin H. Holcomb; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| This study evaluated the use of Montana-based oilseed crops (canola oil) for power generation in defense and civilian fuel cell applications. Three major fuel production operations were considered: (1) recovery of oil from the harvested vegetable crop, (2) conversion of the vegetable oil into its biodiesel corollary, and (3) reforming the biodiesel into a synthesis gas. The study explored areas for potential improvements in the cost or technical performance in ... |
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| A Phase I/II Study of Combination Neoadjuvant Hormone Therapy and Weekly OGX-011 Prior to Radical Prostatectomy in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer |
AUG 2006 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Kim N. Chi; BRITISH COLUMBIA UNIV VANCOUVER
|
| The clusterin gene encodes a cytoprotective chaperone protein that promotes cell survival. Clusterin is expressed in a variety of cancers including prostate increases in response to apoptotic stimuli and confers a resistant phenotype OGX-011 is a 2nd generation antisense complimentary to clusterin mRNA that inhibits expression of clusterin in xenograft models and thereby increases sensitivity to therapy. To evaluate OGX-011 as a potential treatment in humans we have undertaken this ... |
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| SI Cortical Contributions to Tactile Motion Perception |
21 JUL 2006 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Tommerdahl; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL
|
| The specific aim of this project was to test the hypothesis (through parallel neurophysiological experiments and neural network modeling simulations) that perceptual mislocalization of a moving tactile stimulus arises from a systematic misrepresentation of stimulus location on the skin by primary somatosensory cerebral cortex (SI). Experimentally, SI cortical experiments substantiated the original hypothesis by demonstrating that the pattern of neural activity evoked in SI cortex by a moving skin stimulus ... |
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| Instructional Features for Training in Virtual Environments |
JUL 2006 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Singer; Jason P. Kring; Roger M. Hamilton; ARMY RESEARCH INST ORLANDO FL SIMULATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH UNIT
|
| The U.S. Army has made a substantial commitment to using simulations for training and readiness. Many current simulators are networked and designed to provide realistic training for large combined arms groups of vehicles and major weapon systems. These simulators represent dismounted Soldier activities, but are not intended to directly train or rehearse individual dismounted Soldiers. Virtual Environment (VE) technology, which typically includes head-mounted visual displays with tracking devices for limbs ... |
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| Using Genetically Engineered Mice to Probe the Role of Bioactive Lipids in Prostate Carcinogenesis |
JUL 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Diana M. Stafforini; UTAH UNIV SALT LAKE CITY
|
| Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in North American men and represents the second most common cause of cancer death. PCa is characterized by many different stages including very aggressive forms that disseminates to bone, lymph nodes, and other tissues. Tumors release factors that attract and activate cells of the immune system including macrophages. In some tumors, macrophages can both stimulate and inhibit cancer growth and proliferation. One ... |
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| Role of IKKs and Transcription Factor NF-kB in Prostate Tumorigenesis |
MAY 2006 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Irina V. Budunova; NORTHWESTERN UNIV CHICAGO IL
|
| One of the central anti-apoptotic pathways in cells is mediated by NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-B) transcription factors. There is mounting experimental evidence that NF- kB is activated during tumorigenesis in different tissues, and that NF-kB is critically important for cell protection against apoptosis induced by different treatments including chemotherapeutic drugs and gamma-irradiation. The key to NF-kB regulation is the inhibitory kB (IkB) proteins which retain NF-kB in an inactive form ... |
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| Evaluation of Evidence for Altered Behavior and Auditory Deficits in Fishes Due to Human-Generated Noise Sources |
APR 2006 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
P. L. Edds-Walton; J. J. Finneran; LOYOLA UNIV OF CHICAGO IL PARMLY HEARING INST
|
| In this study, the authors have evaluated peer-reviewed publications and contracted reports to provide an overview of what is known about auditory processing by fishes and the behavioral and physiological effects of various noise stimuli as documented by the best and most appropriate studies. Included are reviews of work on both cartilaginous (sharks, skates, and rays) and teleost fishes (modern bony fishes). Recommendations for research to address remaining issues are ... |
|
| Molecular Analysis of Neurotoxin-Induced Apoptosis |
MAR 2006 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
Santosh R. D'Mello; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS RICHARDSON
|
| Apoptosis is a cell-suicide process that is required for the normal development of the nervous system, but that can be aberrantly activated in neurodegenerative diseases and following exposure to neurotoxins. The intracellular pathways by which these different physiological and pathophysiological stmuli cause neuronal death has not been characterized. In our original application we proposed the hypothesis that certain components of the signaling pathways activated by different apoptotic stimuli might be ... |
|
| A Biophysico-computational Perspective of Breast Cancer Pathogenesis and Treatment Response |
MAR 2006 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Valerie M. Weaver; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA
|
| Apoptosis regulates the pathogenesis and treatment responsiveness of breast tumors yet the molecular mechanisms whereby breast cancer cells resist apoptosis remains unknown. We found that coincident with malignant transformation and in association with an increase in collagen deposition, cross-linking and reorganization, the mammary gland becomes incrementally stiffer and that the elastic modulus of the tissues to which breast tumor cells characteristically metastasize varies widely. We used natural collagen and basement ... |
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| The Deployment of Visual Attention |
MAR 2006 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Jeremy M. Wolfe; BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON MA
|
| The world presents more information to the visual system than the visual system can analyze. One response to this problem is selective attention, the ability to direct processing resources to some stimuli at the expense of others. This research project seeks to understand how attention is deployed in visual search tasks in which observers look for target items in visual scenes containing distracting items. The work described under Aim 1 ... |
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| Activation and Protection of Dendritic Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environment |
FEB 2006 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Georgi Guruli; Mark L. Jordon; UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY PISCATAWAY
|
| First annual report for this award. Experiments were conducted as was scheduled in the Statement of Work. So far studies have demonstrated for the first time the presence of endothelin receptors on murine DC, and the fact of endothelin-1 production by murine DC upon stimulation with TNF+. Phenotyping of dendritic cells stimulated with TNF+ and treated with endothelin receptor inhibitors demonstrated decreased expression of pro-inflammatory co-stimulatory molecules (CD4O, VD8O, CD86, ... |
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