| Application of Symbolic Regression to Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Data for Lubricating Oil Health Evaluation |
27 Sep 2012 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Carl S Byington; Nicholos A Mackos; Garrett Argenna; Andrew Palladino; Johan Reimann; Joel Schmitigal; ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
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 | The authors have applied an advanced set of auto-regressive tools for identifying potentially complex, linear and non-linear relationships in data, wherein the underlying physical relationships are not well described. In this paper these tools and techniques are described in detail, and the results of the application of these tools to evaluation of diesel engine lubricating oil health (based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data) is detailed. It is demonstrated that highly ... |
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| Predictive Chemical and Statistical Modeling of Particulate Matter Formation in Turbulent Combustion with Application to Aircraft Engines |
Mar 2012 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Heinz Pitsch; Michael Frenklach; Venkat Raman; STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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| Soot formation in gas turbine engines is a major concern in the design of modern aircraft propulsion systems. Accurate modeling of soot formation is extremely di cult due to the complex underlying chemical and physical processes. A set of critical modeling requirements for soot prediction were identi ed and investigated under a comprehensive program covering three di erent research areas{chemical modeling, statistical modeling, and soot modeling in turbulent combustion. The ... |
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| Combustion Science to Reduce PM Emissions for Military Platforms |
Jan 2012 |
410 pages |
| Authors:
W M Roquemore; T A Litzinger; M B Colket; V R Katta; K L McNesby; S S Sidhu; R J Santoro; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
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| The technical objectives of this program are to aid the DoD in meeting current and future NAAQS PM2.5 regulations by: (1) establishing the fundamental science base needed to develop and validate soot models for realistic fuels and (2) aiding in obtaining substantial reductions of PM2.5 emissions from current and future GTEs in military platforms. The overarching research strategy for achieving the objective of this program involves strongly coupled, mutually supportive ... |
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| Temperature Measurements in an Ethylene-Air-Opposed Flow Diffusion Flame |
Jan 2012 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew S Kurman; John M Densmore; Chol-Bum M Kweon; Kevin L McNesby; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY DIRECTORATE
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| To support the advancement of chemical kinetic models for soot, temperature measurements were conducted on an ethylene (C2H4)/air-opposed flow diffusion flame at atmospheric pressure. This detailed study compares temperature measurements acquired from a single high-speed color camera optical pyrometer to thermocouple measurements and Cantera simulations for opposed flow diffusion flames. Unlike thermocouples, optical pyrometry provides a nonintrusive technique to experimentally measure flame temperature. A soot surface temperature of approx. 2000 ... |
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| Aromatic Radicals-Acetylene Particulate Matter Chemistry |
Dec 2011 |
147 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth Brezinsky; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
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| In the present work the pyrolytic reactions of the phenyl radical in the presence of acetylene have been studied as a possible pathway to the formation of the second-ring species. In addition, the oxidation of m-xylene was investigated. The experimental work has been conducted using the single-pulse high-pressure shock tube (HPST) at the University of Illinois at Chicago. A new experimental set-up, for use with the HPST, was studied and ... |
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| A Computational Examination of Detonation Physics and Blast Chemistry |
Aug 2011 |
|
| Authors:
Christopher C Buchanan; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EGLIN AFB FL MUNITIONS DIRECTORATE
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| This report makes preliminary steps in considering the detonation process for condensed explosives and the chemistry in the field of detonation products as linked physical entities. The desired end state of this research is improved control over explosive energy release. The report begins with a review of detonation physics with attendant algorithms for predicting detonation pressures. The second part of the report includes calculations of turbulent blast chemistry based upon ... |
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| A Computational Examination of Detonation Physics and Blast Chemistry |
Aug 2011 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher C Buchanan; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EGLIN AFB FL MUNITIONS DIRECTORATE
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| This report makes preliminary steps in considering the detonation process for condensed explosives and the chemistry in the field of detonation products as linked physical entities. The desired end state of this research is improved control over explosive energy release. The report begins with a review of detonation physics with attendant algorithms for predicting detonation pressures. The second part of the report includes calculations of turbulent blast chemistry based upon ... |
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| Predicting the Effects of Fuel Composition and Flame Structure on Soot Generation in Turbulent Non-Premixed Flames |
Mar 2011 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher R Shaddix; Hai Wang; Robert W Schefer; Joseph C Oefelein; Lyle M Pickett; SANDIA NATIONAL LABS LIVERMORE CA
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| This project aimed to develop a reduced chemistry and soot model for making accurate predictions of soot emissions from military gas turbine engines. Measurements of soot formation were performed in laminar flat premixed flames and turbulent non-premixed jet flames at 1 atm pressure and in turbulent liquid spray flames under representative conditions for takeoff in a gas turbine engine. Fuels investigated included ethylene and a JP-8 surrogate consisting of n-dodecane ... |
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| Demonstration/Validation of Tertiary Butyl Acetate (TBAC) for Hand Wipe Cleaning Applications |
OCT 2010 |
407 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne Ziegler; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Traditionally, vehicle, equipment, aircraft, and ship maintenance utilize organic solvents containing hazardous air pollutants (HAP), such as MIL-PRF-680, xylene, & methyl ethyl ketone, to remove dirt, grease, soot, paint debris, and burned-on carbon from various parts. Tertiary Butyl Acetate (TBAC), a HAP-free & volatile organic compound (VOC) exempt solvent, can enable the DoD to demonstrate compliance with NESHAP & VOC regulations without performing the extensive record keeping required when using ... |
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| Experimental Study of the Oxidation, Ignition, and Soot Formation Characteristics of Jet Fuel |
29 SEP 2010 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew Oehlschlaeger; RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST TROY NY DEPT OF MECHANICAL AEROSPACE AND NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
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| The objective of the present research program was to develop a database of kinetic targets, in the form of ignition delay times, for jet fuel representative hydrocarbons, jet fuels, and jet fuel surrogate mixtures, with a focus on gas turbine main combustor conditions (i.e., elevated pressures with air as the oxidizer). Shock tube autoignition studies for 16 hydrocarbons provided quantitative targets for the development of kinetic oxidation models and information ... |
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| Combustion of JP8 in Laminar Premixed Flames |
12 MAR 2008 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Kalyanasundaram Seshadri; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA
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| Experimental and numerical studies are carried out to develop a surrogate that can reproduce selected aspects of combustion of JP-8. Surrogate fuels are defined as mixtures of few hydrocarbon compounds with combustion characteristics similar to those of commercial fuels. A mixture of n-decane and trimethylbenzene, called the Aachen surrogate, and a mixture of n-dodecane, methylcyclohexane, and o-xylene called Surrogate C are selected for consideration as possible surrogates of JP-8. Experiments ... |
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| A Reconnaissance Snow Survey across Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada, April 2007 |
FEB 2008 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew Sturm; Chris Derksen; Glen Liston; Arvids Silis; Daniel Solie; Jon Holmgren; Henry Huntington; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| During April 2007, a coordinated series of snow measurements were made across the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada, during a 4200-km snowmobile traverse from Fairbanks, Alaska, to Baker Lake, Nunavut. While detailed, local snow measurements have been made as part of ongoing studies at tundra field sites in this region (Daring Lake and Trail Valley Creek in the Northwest Territories), systematic measurements at the regional scale have not been previously ... |
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| Comparison of Fire and Smoke Simulator (FSSIM) Predictions with Hydraulic Fluid Spray Fire Test Data |
10 DEC 2007 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
John B. Hoover; Frederick W. Williams; NAVY TECHNOLOGY CENTER FOR SAFETY AND SURVIVABILITY WASHINGTON DC
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| Results from large-scale hydraulic fluid spray fire tests have been compared with simulations of those tests using the Fire and Smoke Simulator (FSSIM) model. Using a model calibration data set, the sensitivity of FSSIM to several key inputs was evaluated; for the critical heat release rate (HRR) parameter, an adjustment factor was estimated to correct for unburned fuel. The resulting input parameters were then applied to similar data sets and ... |
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| Propagation of High Energy Laser Beams in Various Environments |
08 JUN 2007 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Phillip Sprangle; Joseph Penano; Bahman Hafizi; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| We report the results of our theoretical study on the key physical processes that affect the propagation of nigh energy lasers in the atmosphere. The main objective of this study is to discuss the optimum laser wavelength and power for efficient propagation in maritime, desert, rural and urban atmospheric environments. The theoretical/numerical model used in this study includes the effects of aerosol and molecular scattering, aerosol heating and vaporization, thermal ... |
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| LES of Sooting Flames |
DEC 2006 |
202 pages |
| Authors:
Hossam El-Asrag; Suresh Menon; GEORGIA INST OF TECH ATLANTA SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
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| Soot prediction in realistic systems is one of the most challenging problems in theoretical and applied combustion. Soot formation as a chemical process is very complicated and not fully understood up to the moment. The major difficulty stems from the chemical complexity of the soot formation processes as well as its strong coupling with the other thermochemical and fluid processes that occur simultaneously. Soot is a major byproduct of incomplete ... |
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| Design of a Premixed Gaseous Rocket Engine Injector for Ethylene and Oxygen |
DEC 2006 |
115 pages |
| Authors:
David F. Dausen; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| A premixed gaseous rocket injector was designed and successfully operated over a limited range of fuel-rich operating conditions for the purpose of soot modeling for ethylene and oxygen mixtures. The injector had the advantage of delivering a homogenous mixture to the combustion chamber, lower soot production, and higher performance potential by removing the fuel atomization process which affects the combustion process and is inherent for non-premixed injectors. The premixed injector ... |
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| Multifunctional Fuel Additives for Reduced Jet Particulate Emissions |
JUN 2006 |
153 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher J. Montgomery; Adel F. Sarofim; Bradley R. Adams; Eric Eddings; Joseph Bozzelli; Viswanath Katta; REACTION ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SALT LAKE CITY UT
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| This report was developed under SBIR contract. A study on fuel additives to suppress soot emissions from gas turbines burning JP-8 was completed. The program consisted of a multifaceted approach involving experimental and computational screening tools to assess the effectiveness of multifunctional additives. The experimental program demonstrated that a laminar drop tube furnace at the University of Utah could effectively screen a large number of additives relatively rapidly and inexpensively ... |
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| Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Combustion |
15 MAR 2006 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Heinz Pitsch; STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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| In the past decade, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has been increasingly and successfully applied to both premixed and non-premixed reacting flows [1, 2, 3]. In application and testing, methods such as steady and unsteady flamelet modeling, the probability density function (PDF) assumption, and level set tracking have been shown to describe combustion in a LES context correctly. As capable as such methods are, however, researchers only very recently have begun ... |
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| Optimum Wavelength and Power for Efficient Laser Propagation in Various Atmospheric Environments |
25 OCT 2005 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Phillip Sprangle; Joseph Penano; Bahman Hafizi; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| This paper discusses the optimum laser wavelength and power for efficient propagation in maritime, desert, rural, and urban atmospheric environments. The theoretical/numerical model used in this study includes the effects of aerosol and molecular scattering, aerosol heating and vaporization, thermal blooming due to aerosol and molecular absorption, atmospheric turbulence and beam quality. These processes are modeled in a fully three-dimensional and time-dependent manner. It is found that aerosols, which consist ... |
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| Reduction of Particulate Emissions in Turbine Engines Using the +100 Additive ESTCP Project 200121 |
JUN 2005 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
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| Experimental and Computational Studies of Oxidizer and Fuel Side Addition of Ethanol to Opposed Flow Air/Ethylene Flames |
FEB 2005 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin L. McNesby; Andrzej W. Miziolek; Thuvan Nguyen; Frank C. DeLucia; R. R. Skaggs; Thomas Litzinger; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Results of computations based upon a detailed chemical kinetic combustion mechanism and results of experiments are compared to understand the influence of ethanol vapor addition upon soot formation and OH radical concentration in opposed flow ethylene/air diffusion flames. For this work, ethanol vapor was added to either the fuel or the oxidizer gases. Experiment and calculations are in qualitative agreement, and both show differing concentrations of soot, soot precursors, and ... |
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| Evaluation of Sensors for On-Board Diesel Oil Condition Monitoring of U.S. Army Ground Equipment |
04 JAN 2005 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Joel Schmitigal; Steve Moyer; TACOM RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
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| The U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) recently completed a Science and Technology Objective (STO) to develop and demonstrate a compact on-board smart sensor system for monitoring the operational condition of in-service diesel engine oils. The goal of such technologies is to reduce or eliminate the Army's dependence on traditional oil analysis methods, by providing real-time condition monitoring and to project the remaining usable life of the ... |
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| AIRIS Wide Area Detection System |
01 Jul 2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
William J. Marinelli; William J Marinelli; Christopher M. Gittins; Christopher M Gittins; Teoman E. Ustun; Teoman E Ustun; James O. Jensen; James O Jensen; SOLDIER AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL COMMAND ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The AIRIS Wide Area Detection System was employed, in both airborne and ground-based configurations, to detect chemical and biological agent stimulant releases during the Technology Readiness Evaluations conducted at Dugway Proving Grounds from 22-26 July 2002. Airborne observations were conducted from a gyro-stabilized pointing system mounted on a UH-1 helicopter and conducted at ranges up to 7 km and altitudes to 1600 ft in conjunction with the Redstone Technical Test ... |
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| DI Diesel Performance and Emissions Models |
11 JUN 2003 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
A. M. Mellor; W. L. Easley; VANDERBILT UNIV NASHVILLE TN
|
| Development of models for direct injection diesel performance and emissions Of NOx and soot are the goals of this research. The simplest models investigated are flame temperature correlations. These correlations are semi- empirical tools that provide insight into the effects of dilution on NOx, particulate, and HC emissions and can be used by the design or calibration engineer to reduce the number of engine tests required. A characteristic time model ... |
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| Annual Research Briefs - 2002 (Center for Turbulence Research) |
DEC 2002 |
436 pages |
| Authors:
Parviz Moin; Nagi N. Mansour; Peter Bradshaw; STANFORD UNIV CA
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| Turbulent combustion remains the largest component of the CTR's core program. This program and several related activities at CTR are supported by NASA's Ultra Efficient Engine Technology Program. It is also intimately connected with the Department of Energy's ASCI program at Stanford which develops the technology for numerical simulation of realistic aircraft engines using state of the art massively parallel computers. In combustion modeling the attention has been directed to ... |
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| Distribution and Fate of Energetics on DoD Test and Training Ranges: Interim Report 2 |
OCT 2002 |
141 pages |
| Authors:
Judith C. Pennington; Thomas F. Jenkins; Guy Ampleman; Sonia Thiboutot; James M. Brannon; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Testing and training ranges are essential to maintaining the readiness of the Armed Forces of the United States and Canada. Recently, concerns have arisen over potential environmental contamination from residues of energetic materials at impact ranges. The current state of knowledge concerning the nature, extent, and fate of contamination is inadequate to ensure sound management of ranges as sustainable resources. This project was designed to develop techniques for assessing the ... |
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| Emissions Reduction by Catalytic Reformulation of Jet Fuel |
21 MAY 2002 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
James Markham; Patrick Bush; Michael Best; Alvin Berlin; William Lueckel; ADVANCED FUEL RESEARCH INC EAST HARTFORD CT
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| Many of the naval bases proposed to accept deployment of the Joint Strike Fighter are in non-attainment of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for the emissions of ozone precursors: oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)) and reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The emissions of particulate matter including soot are also a concern. The Navy would benefit from a cleaner fuel so that high performance engines can run cleaner and criteria pollutants ... |
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| Plasma-Enhanced Combustion for Reduction of Rocket Plume Soot |
DEC 2001 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Martin A. Gundersen; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
|
| This report demonstrates the application of transient plasmas for remediation of emissions both during and post-combustion. The project encompasses underlying physics and chemistry, plasma device and power conditioning engineering, and problems related to fabrication of practical devices. The major accomplishments include demonstration of an energy efficient approach, which is now being used for many plasma remediation applications, development of the knowledge of the underlying science including the role of transient ... |
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| Distribution and Fate of Energetics on DoD Test and Training Ranges |
SEP 2001 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Judith C. Pennington; Thomas F. Jenkins; Thomas A. Ranney; Marianne E. Walsh; Alan D. Hewitt; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The current state of knowledge concerning the nature and extent of residual explosives contamination on military testing and firing ranges is inadequate to ensure management of these facilities as sustainable resources. The objective of this project is to develop techniques for assessing the potential for enviromnental impacts from energetic materials on testing and training ranges; methods for defining the physical and chemical properties, concentration, and distribution of energetics and residuals ... |
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| 2001 Gordon Research Conference on Laser Diagnostics in Combustion |
JUL 2001 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jay Jeffries; GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCES INC KINGSTON RI
|
| The Gordon Research Conference on Laser Diagnostics was held at Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley MA on 1-6 July 2001. The conference included 130 participants. Research discussed at the conference included quantitative measurements to test combustion chemistry, picosecond measurements to quantify collisional effects, infrared diagnostics, velocity measurements, measurement techniques for fuel distributions, diagnostics to understand turbulent flow, innovative optical measurement techniques, practical measurements in harsh engine environments, and quantitative measurements ... |
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| Simultaneous Control of NOx and Organic Particles Using Plasma-Assisted Catalysis |
25 JUN 2001 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph D. Wander; Bernie M. Penetrante; Raymond M. Brusasco; LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LAB CA
|
| Water and higher concentrations of oxygen present in diesel and turbine combustion exhausts inhibit and deactivate selective reduction (SCR) catalysts that are effective in removing NOx from internal combustion engine exhausts. Ox idation of NO to NO2, the slow step in SCR treatment, is accomplished rapidly as a competing process during plasma-catalyzed oxidation of hydrocarbon (HO) fuels in exhausts. Reduction of NO2 so formed is effected by passage of the ... |
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| Investigation of the Structure of a Reacting Hydrocarbon-Air Planar Mixing Layer |
19 JUN 2001 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Corradini; Farrell; Foster; Ghandhi; Reitz; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON ENGINE RESEARCH CENTER
|
| Mixing-controlled combustion of a hydrocarbon-air system was investigated experimentally in a planar two-stream mixing layer using planar laser-induced fluorescence of OH for visualization of the reaction zone, and planar LII of soot, which was found to effectively mark the edge of the parent fuel entrainment. The high-temperature combustion was found to locate on the lean reactant (air) side of the mixing layer, and was minimally perturbed by the fluid motion, ... |
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| Diesel Engine Injection Rate-Shape Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms and Multidimensional Modeling |
19 JUN 2001 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
P. V. Farrell; D. E. Foster; J. B. Ghandhi; J. M. Moskwa; R. D. Reitz; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON ENGINE RESEARCH CENTER
|
| A computational optimization study was performed for a heavy-duty direct-injection diesel engine using the recently developed KIVA-GA computer code. The effects of 11 engine input parameters on emissions and performance were studied. Start of injection (SOI), amount of EGR, boost pressure and eight parameters defining the fuel injection rate-shape were included in the search. The optimized configuration results in very low soot and NO(x) emissions together with relatively low fuel ... |
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| ARO and AFOSR 2001 Contractors' Meeting in Chemical Propulsion |
JUN 2001 |
185 pages |
| Authors:
David M. Mann; Julian M. Tishkoff; ARMY RESEARCH OFFICE RESEARCH TRIANGLEPARK NC
|
| Abstracts are given for 6.1 basic research in chemical propulsion sponsored by the Army Research Office and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. |
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| Extinction, Absorption, Scattering, and Backscatter for Aerosolized Bacillus Subtilis Var. Niger Endospores from 3 to 13 Micrometers |
FEB 2001 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Kristan P. Gurton; David Ligon; Ramaz Kvavilashvili; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| Spectral extinction was measured in situ for aerosolized Bacillus subtilis var. niger (BC) endospores with the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy from 3.0 to 13.0 micrometers. Corresponding aerosol-size distributions were measured with the use of a commercially available elastic light-scattering probe and verified by direct particle capture and subsequent counting via video microscopy. Aerosol mass density was monitored simultaneously with conventional dosimetry and used to mass-normalize the measured spectral ... |
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| Use of Surface Snow Sampling to Estimate the Quantity of Explosives Residues Resulting from Land Mine Detonations |
AUG 2000 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas F. Jenkins; Thomas A. Ranney; Paul H. Miyares; Nicholas H. Collins; Alan D. Hewitt; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| A PMA-2 antipersonnel land mine from Yugoslavia was detonated with an M6 blasting cap on a snow-covered range at Camp Ethan Allen Training Site, Jericho, Vermont. The main charge of the PMA-2 was 100 g of TNT with 13 g of RDX as a booster. The surface that was impacted by the detonation (381 m2) was visually identified by the presence of soot, which was produced by detonation ... |
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| Evaluating the Use of Snow-Covered Ranges to Estimate the Explosives Residues that Result From Detonation of Army Munitions |
AUG 2000 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas F. Jenkins; Thomas A. Ranney; Marianne E. Walsh; Paul H. Miyares; Alan D. Hewitt; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Estimating the amounts of residues remaining after munitions detonate is complicated by the presence of residues from previous detonations and the difficulty in easily obtaining adequately sized samples to overcome spatial heterogeneity in residue deposition. This study was conducted to assess the use of snow-covered ranges to provide these types of estimates. Specifically, two snow-covered ranges were used to estimate the amount of explosives residues that ... |
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| Low-Temperature Oil Pumpability Investigations in a 6.2L Diesel Engine |
AUG 2000 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
E. A. Frame; W. E. Likos; SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TXBELVOIR FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCHFACILITY
|
| Low-temperature engine oil pumpability investigations were conducted in a 6.2L diesel engine. The engine was installed in a cold box chamber, and investigations were conducted at temperatures as low as -33 deg. Oil pumpability times were measured. Borderilne oil pumpability temperatures were defined for various petroleum and synthetc engine oils. The effects of soot in used engine oil on oil pumpability was determined. ... |
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| Exhaust Exposure Potential From the Combustion of JP-8 Jet Fuel in C-130Engines |
31 MAY 2000 |
84 pages |
| Authors:
Paul S. Pirkle III; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| This project was requested by the Air Force Institute of Environment Safety and Health Risk Analysis to evaluate personal exposure to turbine engine exhaust. Quantifiable indicators of exhaust exposure were identified based on selected components of turboprop exhaust - soot-borne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), elemental carbon particulate matter and carbon dioxide. Since there were no U.S. occupational exposure limits (OELs) for the first two ... |
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| Particulate Exposure During the Persian Gulf War |
MAY 2000 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Thomas; Torgny Vigerstad; John Meagher; Chad McMullin; OFFICE OF THE SPECIAL ASSISTANT FOR GULF WAR ILLNESS FALLS CHURCH VA
|
| Troop exposure to air pollution and respirable particulate matter (PM10) during the Gulf War (1990-l99l) is of concern because of potential health effects. This report examines breathing zone particulate pollution of military personnel during the Gulf War. While both suspended and respirable particulate contaminants were determined to be at elevated levels, the focus of this report was to examine the respirable silica fraction. Estimates of respirable ... |
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| Chemical Additives for Maximizing Fuel Reactivity |
04 FEB 2000 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Vladimir M. Zamansky; Vitali V. Lissianski; Mark S. Sheldon; Eric L. Petersen; ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CORP IRVINE CA
|
| Report developed under SBIR contract for topic AF99-221. The objective of the project is to demonstrate the feasibility of a modeling based search for chemical additives which can reduce soot formation in fuel systems of interest to the Air Force. Several mechanisms of soot reduction in the presence of additives were considered by kinetic modeling. Modeling identified homogeneous catalysis as the most effective mechanism of ... |
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| Soot Morphology in Unsteady Counterflow Diffusion |
2000 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
William L. Roberts; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
|
| Due to the resulting reduction of efficiency, providing an IR source for tracking and targeting, and its harmful effects on human health, soot emission from diesel engines continues to be of interest to the US Army. The broad focus of this three-year project has been to better understand the soot formation processes occurring in diesel engines though experimentation in simple unsteady counterflow diffusion flames. Specifically, we have developed a planar ... |
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| URI Multidisciplinary Research Program for FY92-FY96 on Engine Combustion |
DEC 1999 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
M. Corradini; P. Farrell; D. Foster; J. Ghandhi; J. Martin; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
|
| The objectives of the Engine Research Center (ERC) are to conduct research leading to improved diesel engines, to provide trained manpower for U. S. needs, and to cooperate in technical information exchange with Army and other engine laboratories. Five projects were undertaken. One project addressed using KIVA in conjunction with experimental work to produce a computational methodology for the design of new engines. A second ... |
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| Studies on High Pressure and Unsteady Flame Phenomena |
27 OCT 1999 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Chung K. Law; PRINCETON UNIV NJ DEPT OF AEROSPACE AND MECHANICAL SCIENCES
|
| The objective of the present program was to study the structure and response of laminar premixed and nonpremixed flames with emphases on effects of high pressure, flame/flow unsteadiness, and chemistry. The investigations were conducted through laser-based experimentation, computational simulation with detailed chemistry and transport descriptions, and advanced mathematical analysis. Specific phenomena studied include the steady-state structure, burning rate, and extinction of flames, the response to ... |
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| Planar Optical Measurement Methods for Gas Turbine Components. (Methodesde Mesure Optiques Planaires pour Organes de Turbomoteurs) |
SEP 1999 |
|
| Authors:
NATO RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE (FRANCE)
|
 | This lecture series covers the recent advances of planar optical measurement techniques with respect to their applicability to gas turbine component tests. During the last years much progress has been achieved in various known techniques, and new methods have been developed from which a significant increase of the experimental output of propulsion tests and therefore remarkable cost reduction can be expected. To bring this status ... |
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| Multi-wavelength Laser Backscatter Measurements of LOX-Kerosene Rocket Plumes |
FEB 1999 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
John Streyjewski; Andrew Grunke; Joseph Salg; Brad Griffis; Michael Lovern; NICHOLS RESEARCH CORP ARLINGTON VA
|
| The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization's (BMDO) Innovative Science and Technology Experimentation Facility (ISTEF(1)) is located on the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral Florida. The ISTEF conducts research and development in the area of passive and active electro-optical science and technology for missile defense and its location provides a unique opportunity to observe a large number of rocket launches. Atlas II first stage engines use LOX- kerosene as the propellant ... |
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| Critical Behavior in Small Particle Combustion |
14 JAN 1999 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Robert S. Hiers III; ARNOLD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTER ARNOLD AFS TN
|
| Small particles combusting under free molecular conditions are shown to exhibit critical behavior under conditions of high collision efficiency. At a particular collision efficiency the particle behavior transitions from non- critical to critical (or runaway) behavior. Non-critical behavior is defined as a finite particle temperature at burnout, while critical behavior implies an infinitely increasing particle temperature at burnout. The critical collision efficiency is derived from ... |
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| Simulation and Modelling of Reacting Particles Relevant to Gas Turbine Engine Combustion |
DEC 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Nigel S. Smith; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION CANBERRA (AUSTRALIA)
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| A conditional moment closure model is proposed for reacting particles in turbulent nonpremixed combustion. The new model for particles differs significantly from the traditional uniform diffusivity gas-phase conditional moment closure model. The new features of the model and model effectiveness are examined against direct numerical simulation data for soot-like and droplet-like particles in turbulent nonpremixed combustion. The influence of differing particle sizes, types, and reactivity on ... |
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| Army Research Office and Air Force Office of Scientific Research; 1998 Contractors' Meeting in Chemical Propulsion Held in Long Beach, California on 29June-1 July 1998 |
29 JUL 1998 |
127 pages |
| Authors:
David M. Mann; Julian M. Tishkoff; ARMY RESEARCH OFFICE RESEARCH TRIANGLEPARK NC
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| Partial contents: AFOSR Sponsored Research in Combustion and Diagnostics; Intelligent Turbine Engines; Analysis of Advanced Direct-Injection Diesel Engine Development Strategies; Visualization of High-Power-Density Diesel Engine Combustion; Development of a Laser-Induced Fluorescence Technique for Characterization of Reaction Zones; Advanced Diagnostics for Reacting Flows; Resonant Holographic Interferometry, An innovative Technique for Combustion Diagnostics; Numerical Modelling of Two-Phase Nozzle Flows; Fluorescent Diagnostics and Fundamental Approaches to Droplet, ... |
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| DI Diesel Performance and Emissions Model |
31 MAR 1998 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
A. M. Mellor; W. L. Easley; J. P. Mello; M. A. Psota; VANDERBILT UNIV NASHVILLE TN
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| Based on findings indicating that both the Zeldovich and N2O mechanisms are important in the formation and decomposition of NO in direct injection (DI) Diesel engines a skeletal mechanism consisting of seven elementary reactions is used to develop a two-zone model for NO(x) emissions from DI Diesel engines. Characteristic chemical kinetic times for NO formation in zone 1 and NO decomposition in zone 2 are formulated from the law of ... |
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