| Keratinocyte Spray Technology for the Improved Healing of Cutaneous Sulfur Mustard Injuries |
Jul-2009 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Marcia Simon; Steve A McClain; Thomas Zimmerman; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT STONY BROOK RESEARCH FOUNDATION
|
 | The purpose of the current research is to determine whether the spray-on application of allogeneic keratinocytes in suspension will improve epidermal wound healing of vesicating burns induced by the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD). A beige SCID mouse model is used for these experiments which are being carried out in two phases. The first phase is dose ranging. The second phase tests the efficacy of spray keratinocytes (Universal Donor) ... |
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| New Advances in Molecular Therapy for Muscle Repair after Diseases and Injuries |
Apr-2009 |
136 pages |
| Authors:
Bing Wang; Xiao Xiao; Johnny Huard; Yong Li; Bruno Peault; Bridget Deasy; Paula Clemens; CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PITTSBURGH PA
|
| Muscle injuries, especially pulls and strains, are among the most common and most frequently disabling injuries sustained by athletes and soldiers. Although injured muscles heal naturally, the regeneration is very slow and often yields incomplete functional recovery. In injured muscle, regeneration begins shortly after injury, but the healing process is rather inefficient and is hindered by fibrosis-that is, scar tissue formation. More importantly, the scar tissue that often replaces damaged ... |
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| Development and Production of a Leishmania Skin Test |
Mar-2009 |
183 pages |
| Authors:
Neilsen; Harry S Jr; ALLERMED LABS INC SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Further refinement of the manufacturing process of Leishmania tropica Skin Test Antigen (LtSTA) was made during this contract period to increase the yield and robustness of the parasite during culture. Identity and potency tests for LtSTA were developed and the procedures are being validated. The analysis of dose-response, safety and efficacy data from a phase II clinical trial conducted in Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia in 2007 were compiled and analyzed, and ... |
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| Integrated Molecular Imaging and Therapy for Breast Cancer |
Aug-2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Balaji Panchapakesan; DELAWARE UNIV NEWARK
|
| In this project, we have demonstrated multi-component molecular targeting of surface receptors (IGF1R and Her2) and NIR dosing of cancer cells using SWCNT. While previous studies have shown the transport of DNA into cells using nanotubes, in this study we show multi-component molecular targeting of both IGF1R and Her2 surface markers in cancer cells using single wall carbon nanotubes. IGF1 and Her2 specific antibodies conjugated to the SWCNT were used ... |
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| New Advances in Molecular Therapy for Muscle Repair after Diseases and Injuries |
01-Apr-2008 |
142 pages |
| Authors:
Bing Wang; Xiao Xiao; Johnny Huard; Yong Li; Bruno Peault; Bridget Deasy; Paula Clemens; CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PITTSBURGH PA
|
| Muscle injuries, especially pulls and strains, are among the most common and most frequently disabling injuries sustained by athletes and soldiers. Although injured muscles heal naturally, the regeneration is very slow and often yields incomplete functional recovery. In injured muscle, regeneration begins shortly after injury, but the healing process is rather inefficient and is hindered by fibrosis that is, scar tissue formation. More importantly, the scar tissue that often replaces ... |
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| Incontinentia Pigmenti |
JAN 2008 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
David T. Hsieh; Bhagwan Moorjani; CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL WASHINGTON DC
|
| Incontinentia pigmenti is an X-linked dominant disorder with characteristic skin lesions and anomalies of teeth, hair, nails, eyes, and central nervous system. Cutaneous lesions are the most common identifiable abnormality and characterized in 4 stages. ONS abnormalities are the cause of most morbidity in this disorder. The NEMO gene is identified with this disorder. In this update, Drs. David Hsieh and Bhagwan Moorjani from Children's National Medical Center in Washington, ... |
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| Anthrax |
JUL 2007 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory D. Gutke; Richard J. Thomas; AIR FORCE INST FOR OPERATIONAL HEALTH BROOKS CITY-BASE TX RISK ANALYSIS DIRECTORATE
|
| Overview article on Anthrax to include prevention, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment for medical providers for the upcoming textbook "The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2009." Anthrax is a highly infectious disease of animals especially ruminants (hooved animals such as cows goats sheep etc.) that is caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Cutaneous (95% of US cases) inhalational and gastrointestinal forms can be transmitted to man by contact with the animals or ... |
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| Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields |
27 NOV 2006 |
1508 pages |
| Authors:
IOANNINA UNIV (GREECE)
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| The Final Proceedings for Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields held on 16-20 October 2006. |
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| The Role of Energy Metabolism in Cutaneous Sulfur Mustard Injury |
01 NOV 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
M. E. Martens; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Over the past 17 years, our research efforts have focused on systematic studies of the effects of sulfur mustard (2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide, HD) on energy metabolism in human epidermal keratinocytes (KEK). Our objectives are to define mechanisms of HD-induced metabolic injury, determine their role in the cutaneous pathology observed and provide mechanistic information that can be used in development of vesicant agent medical countermeasures. We have characterized effects of HD on ... |
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| Identification of Novel Retinoid Targets in Prostate Cancer |
NOV 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
F. J. Piedrafita; SIDNEY KIMMEL CANCER CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Retinoids have shown promise for the chemoprevention and treatment of prostate cancer. However except for the efficient treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and certain skin disorders most natural and synthetic retinoids have failed in clinical trials because of toxicity and limited activity. Retinoids exert their biological activity mainly upon binding and activation of the nuclear retinoid receptors (RARs and RXRs). Novel synthetic retinoid-related molecules (RRMs) that show selective activity towards ... |
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| Cytokine Disruption to Prevent Radiation Related Breast Damage |
SEP 2006 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Okunieff; ROCHESTER UNIV NY
|
| Introduction: The complications of radiation dermatitis and fibrosis on breast cancer therapy are well established. To date the only proven approaches to reducing radiation toxicity are to decrease the treatment dose or field-size. Altering these has the potential of reducing treatment efficacy and is therefore not advised. We proposed that drugs aimed at the suppression of cytokines involved in the initiation and perpetuation of radiation-induced inflammation would be beneficial in ... |
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| Use of Epidermolysis Bullosa Biomarkers in Models of Vesicant Injury |
SEP 2006 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Donald R. Gerecke; RUTGERS - THE STATE UNIV PISCATAWAY NJ
|
| This study consisted of an SM time course study for gene expression of protease and extracellular matrix related genes and an evaluation of potential medical countermeasures for SM-induced injury in the mouse ear vesicant model. The specific aim of the time course study was to determine whether MMP and MMP substrate (laminin-332) gene expression levels are altered over time (6, 12, 24, 72, 168 h) in mouse ear skin topically ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUN 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; Robert P. Casillas; BATTELLE COLUMBUS DIV OH
|
| Under Task Order 0001 the MREF's laboratories and facilities were maintained and operated in compliance with government regulations. The MREF successfully passed all inspections and certifications. Major contract activities performed include: conducting inventories of CA and maintaining usage reports preparing seven Test Execution Plans (TEP) for task orders and scientific meetings with DoD Team representatives to develop current and projected tasks. A TEP was prepared for Task Order 0002 to ... |
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| Genetic Influence on Toxicity and Prognosis in Women Treated with Breast-Conserving Surgery and Radiation Therapy |
01 AUG 2005 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Christine B. Ambrosone; Jenny Chang-Claude; MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEW YORK
|
| Women with earlier stage breast cancer who receive breast conserving surgery and radiation therapy have a generally good prognosis. However, among 15-20% of these women, breast cancer recurs, and a similar proportion of women also experience severe toxicity with radiation therapy. It is possible that inter-individual differences in the capability of both tumor and normal cells to protect themselves from radiation-induced damage, and to repair that damage if it does ... |
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| Analysis of Keratin Filament Assembly/Disassembly and Structure Following Modification by Sulfur Mustard Analogs |
JUL 2005 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Hess; Paul G. Fitzgerald; John C. Voss; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
|
| The modification of keratin and vimentin intermediate filaments and proteins by the sulfur mustard analogs chloroethyl ethyl sulfide and mechlorethamine has been studied using electron microscopic and electron paramagnetic approaches. The modification of intact filaments leads to abnormalities in the filaments such that native filament appearance is destroyed. Modification of purified proteins, followed by dialysis to assemble native filaments, shows that the modified proteins do not assemble into smooth native ... |
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| Wound Healing of Cutaneous Sulfur Mustard Injuries: Strategies for the Development of Improved Therapies |
05 JAN 2005 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
John S. Graham; Robert P. Chilcott; Paul Rice; Stephen M. Milner; Charles G. Hurst; Beverly I. Maliner; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Sulfur mustard (HD) is an alkylating chemical warfare agent that primarily affects the eyes, skin, and airways. HD injuries can take several months to heal, necessitate lengthy hospitalizations, and result in significant cosmetic and/or functional deficits. Historically, blister aspiration and/or deroofing (epidermal removal), physical debridement, irrigation, topical antibiotics, and sterile dressings have been the main courses of action in the medical management of cutaneous HD injuries. Current treatment strategy consists ... |
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| A Review of the Literature on Attrition from the Military Services: Risk Factors for Attrition and Strategies to Reduce Attrition |
OCT 2004 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph J. Knapik; Bruce H. Jones; Keith Hauret; Salima Darakjy; Eugene Piskator; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Attrition is the failure of an enlisted service member to be retained in service within the first term of enlistment. This paper emphasizes health/ fitness-related aspects of attrition but also covers demographic and psychosocial factors. Overall 3-year military attrition steadily rose from 26% in 1985 to 31% in 1995. Demographic and psychosocial risk factors for attrition include lower educational attainment, female gender, White ethnicity, lower Armed Forces Qualification Test scores, ... |
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| Medical Managment of the Acute Radiation Syndrome: Recommendations of the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group |
15 JUN 2004 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Jamie K. Waselenka; Thomas J. MacVittie; William F. Blakely; Nicki Pesik; Albert L. Wiley; William E. Dickerson; Horace Tsu; Dennis L. Confer; Norman Coleman; Thomas Seed; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| Physicians, hospitals, and other health care facilities will assume the responsibility for aiding individuals injured by a terrorist act involving radioactive material. Scenarios have been developed for such acts that include a range of exposures resulting in few to many casualties. This consensus document was developed by the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group to provide a framework for physicians in internal medicine and the medical subspecialties to evaluate and ... |
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| PC - Working Places and Conjunctival Germs |
JUN 2004 |
|
| Authors:
Helga Hahn; FERNWAERME WIEN GMBH VIENNA (AUSTRIA) DEPT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
|
 | This study set out to answer the following question: Is it possible to draw conclusions bout workers' hygiene and the hygienic status of the mouse and keyboard from the conjunctival germ spectrum found at personal computer (PC) workstations? To find out, different workstations were investigated: those where the keyboard and mouse were used by only one employee, and those where the keyboard and mouse were used by several employees. The ... |
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| Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 10, Number 1, January/February 2004 |
Feb-2004 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Leishmaniasis is an arthropod-transmitted zoonotic disease that is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Leishmania parasites are transmitted through bites of infective female sand flies (Lutzomyia species in the Americas and Phlebotomus species elsewhere). The disease is endemic in many areas of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, South and Central America, and southern Europe. The clinical expressions of leishmaniasis are highly variable and primarily dependent on the infecting leishmania ... |
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| An Inhibitor of p38 MAP Kinase Downregulates Cytokine Release Induced by Sulfur Mustard Exposure in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes |
2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
James F. Dillman III; Kriston L. McGary; John J. Schlager; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Sulfur mustard (2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide SM) is a potent alkylating agent that induces skin vessication after cutaneous exposure. Previous work has revealed that SM induces the production of inflammatory cytokines, including IL.8, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, in keratinocytes. The p38 MAP kinase (MAPKl4) signaling pathway is activated via phosphorylation in response to cellular stress and has been implicated in the upregulation of cytokines in response to stress. We investigated the role ... |
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| Analysis of Keratin Filament Assembly/Disassembly and Structure Following Modification by Sulfur Mustard Analogs |
JUL 2003 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Hess; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
|
| Characterization of vimentin intermediate filament (IF) structure by site directed spin labeling (SDSL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has produced new data concerning the All arrangement of molecules in intact filaments. In the All alignement, rod 1B of a dimer is aligned with rod 1B of a second dimer. Our EPR data identify vimentin position 190 as the midpoint of overlap between dimers in the A11 arrangement. In conjunction with ... |
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| Fibrosis of the Breast Skin After Irradiation is Reversible and Preventable by Exogenous Decorin |
JUL 2002 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Okunieff; Ivan Ding; ROCHESTER UNIV NY
|
| Cutaneous fibrosis after breast cancer radiotherapy is unavoidable, progressive, and irreversible. Currently there is no satisfactory, preventive therapy to ameliorate this process. Overexpression of fibrogenic cytokine TGF beta has been associated with soft tissue fibrosis, and reduction of its production or activation can ameliorate radiation induced normal tissue toxicity. Decorin is a small, leucine-rich proteoglycan, and is thought to be a natural inhibitor of TCF beta. In this study, we ... |
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| Anthrax of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
Jul-2002 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Thira Sirisanthana; Arthur E Brown; ARMED FORCES RESEARCH INST OF MEDICAL SCIENCES BANGKOK (THAILAND)
|
| When swallowed, anthrax spores may cause lesions from the oral cavity to the cecum. Gastrointestinal anthrax is greatly underreported in rural disease-endemic areas of the world. The apparent paucity of this form of anthrax reflects the lack of facilities able to make the diagnosis in these areas. The spectrum of disease, ranging from subclinical infection to death, has not been fully recognized. In some community based studies, cases of gastrointestinal ... |
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| Human Adaptations to Heat and Cold Stress |
APR 2002 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Michael N. Sawka; John W. Castellani; Kent B. Pandolf; Andrew J. Young; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Heat acclimation consists of adaptations that mitigate physiological strain of heat stress, which improve thermal comfort and exercise capabilities. Adaptations are induced by repeated heat exposures that are sufficiently stressful to elevate core and skin temperatures and elicit perfuse sweating. Most adaptations to daily heat exposure occur during the first four days, and the remainders are complete by three weeks. Heat acclimation mediated adaptations include: lower core temperature, improved sweating ... |
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| Characterization of the Ultraviolet Protection of Combat Uniform Fabrics |
JAN 2002 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
C. Winterhalter; K. DiLuna; M. Bide; ARMY SOLDIER AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL COMMAND NATICK MA SOLDIER SYSTEMS CENTER
|
| Military combat uniforms are required to meet specific performance requirements against various environmental conditions, such as wind, rain, and/ or cold temperatures. Ultraviolet protection is one important aspect of environmental protection for which the military currently has no set performance requirements. This report is intended to inform readers of ultraviolet testing that has been performed on four fabrics used for Battledress Uniforms (BDU) and the results of each test. The ... |
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| Assessment of Non-Abraded Wear of Skin Exposure Reduction Paste Against Chemical Warfare Agents (SERPACWA) |
JAN 2002 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Christina M. Kesick; William A. Latzka; Michael J. McCreery; Scott B. Robinson; Leslie Levine; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Skin Exposure Reduction Paste Against Chemical Warfare Agents (SERPACWA) is an FDA-approved topical skin protectant developed to complement the use of chemical protective clothing in preventing exposure to chemical/ biological warfare agents. The question of how long the protective barrier would last under non-abraded conditions over 8 h (Test 1) or 16 h (Test 2) wear-time test periods was evaluated. The purpose of the non-abraded sites was to control for ... |
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| The Anthrax Vaccine Debate: A Medical Review for Commanders |
01 APR 2001 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A. Hersack; AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| There are two distinct yet related aspects to the debate over the safety and efficacy of the anthrax vaccine. An assessment of the clinical safety and efficacy of the anthrax vaccine. The policy level decision to vaccinate military personnel based on intelligence reports and assessments. The policy decision to vaccinate is based on an assessment of relative risk. The risk to an individual of developing side effects and complications after ... |
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| Assessment of Skin Erythema After Exposure to Different Doses of Methyl Nicotinate |
APR 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Christina M. Kesick; William A. Latzka; Michael J. McCreery; Leslie Levine; Scott B. Robinson; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| The purpose of this study was to determine the topical dose of methyl nicotinate (Mnic) that optimized skin blood flow for a 30-minute period. Methyl nicotinate is a topical vasodilator used to evaluate the integrity of skin protection compounds. Specifically, this test dose of Mnic was used to evaluate the ability of SERPACWA (Skin Exposure Reduction Paste Against Chemical Warfare Agents), a recently FDA approved topical skin protectant, to provide ... |
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| Percutaneous Absorption of Chemical Mixture Relevant to the Gulf War |
FEB 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Jim E. Riviere; Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere; Ronald E. Baynes; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
|
| The purpose of this research is to quantitate the dermal absorption and cutaneous toxicity of chemical mixtures relevant to the Gulf War. The primary focus of year 2 of this proposal was to assess 1) the effect that systemic exposure to pyridostigmine bromide (PB) has on DEBT and permethrin absorption; 2.) the effect of topical and systemic exposure of DFP (CW nerve agent simulant) on absorption of these chemicals, and ... |
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| Percutaneous Absorption of Chemical Mixtures Relevant to the Gulf War |
FEB 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Jim B. Riviere; Nancy Monteiro-Riviere; Ronald A. Baynes; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
|
| The purpose of this research is to quantitate the dermal absorption and cutaneous toxicity of chemical mixtures that veterans may have been exposed to during the Persian Gulf War. The primary focus in the first year of this proposal has been on chemical mixtures composed of the insect repellent DEET and the insecticide permethrin exposed in various vehicles. Analytical methods for these penetrants have been developed. These studies were conducted ... |
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| Fluorometric Assay for Intracellular pH in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes |
JAN 2000 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Maura E. DEJoseph; William J. Smith; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Sulfur mustard (HD) is a powerful alkylating agent with cytotoxic, mutagenic, and vesicant properties. Pathology in humans results from ocular, respiratory and cutaneous exposure. Basal cells of the epidermis of the skin are damaged by exposure to HD, causing large, slow healing blisters. To protect individuals from the effects of HD, the mechanism by which it induces pathology must be determined. In this report, a fluorometric assay of intracellular pH ... |
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| Comparison of the In Vitro Efficacy of Four Skin Decontaminants Towards Sulfur Mustard |
JUL 1999 |
|
| Authors:
G. P. Van der Schans; W. C. van Dijk; R. H. Mars-Groenendijk; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK(NETHERLANDS)
|
| Pig ear skin has been exposed to various concentrations of sulfur mustard for various periods of time. Four and 30 minutes after exposure, skin was decontaminated with 4 different decontaminants. The efficacy of the decontaminants was assayed with an immunochemical assay for adducts of sulfur in DNA of the skin. It appeared that adduct formation in the skin is much more efficient with diluted than with saturated sulfur mustard vapour. ... |
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| Exercise and Core Temperature |
MAR 1999 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
C. B. Wenger; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| In humans the most important responses for removing heat from the body are sweating, which increases heat loss by evaporation, and cutaneous vasodilation, which increases skin blood flow and heat transfer from core to skin. Vigorous exercise can increase heat production within the body ten-fold or more. During the first few minutes of exercise, most of the heat produced is retained within the body, raising core ... |
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| Use of Biomarkers to Optimize Heat Acclimation in Women |
OCT 1998 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Carl V. Gisolfi; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY
|
| These were designed to determine: (a) if short-term estradiol supplementation (ES) improves heat dissipation and if HSP70 can serve as a biomarker to assess this improvement; and (b) if ES for 7 days of heat exposure enhances the process of heat acclimation (HA). We also determined if HSP70 measurements could predict the rate of HA. Results showed that ES in premenopausal women during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle: ... |
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| A Survey of the Potential Effects of Increasing UV-B Radiation on the Biosphere. Revision |
30 SEP 1998 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
L. R. Martin; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS
|
| There are by now well-established connections between the introduction of chlorine-containing molecules into the stratosphere, a consequent decrease in the concentration of stratospheric ozone, and an increase in UV-B radiation at the surface of the Earth. An increase in UV-B on average would increase the incidence rate of non-melanoma skin cancer worldwide, with an unproved but likely increase in melanoma skin cancer. Other effects on humans ... |
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| The Effect of Perfusate Temperature in a Liquid Cooling System on Heat Strain and Heat Transfer |
28 SEP 97 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
M. K. Canine; C. M. Habib; R. Bernhard; A. Ashinger; G. K. Vurbeff; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Decreasing perfusate temperature (Tp) in a liquid cooling system (LCS) leads to a proportional - increase in heat transfer (Q) when measured on a mannikin. However, it is uncertain if the linear relationship between Tp and Q holds when cooling is applied to humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of three different Tp to reduce heat strain in personnel required to walk on a treadmill ... |
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| Assessment of Edemogenic Effects with Cutaneous Sulfur Mustard Using the Mouse Ear Model |
NOV 96 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Fred W. Stemler; Robert P. Casillas; Theresa M. Tezak-Reid; Robyn B. Lee; Lilia R. Castrejon; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Mustard gas (bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, HD) is a potent vesicant that rapidly penetrates the skin causing gross and microscopic pathological changes in humans. No definitive animal model produces elevated fluid-filled blisters (bullae) like those seen in human skin. Five dosages of HD (0.08, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64, or 1.28 mg) in methylene chloride (MeCl2 were applied to the inner surface of the right ears of male CD 1 mice (n=10/dosage). Methylene chloride ... |
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| Research on Human Skin Injury Thresholds for Pulsed Carbon Dioxide Lasers |
20 AUG 96 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Chen Ji; Shi Liangshun; Qian Huanwen; Li Enjiang; Zhang Jianjun; NATIONAL AIR INTELLIGENCE CENTER WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| These experiments made use of pulsed carbon dioxide lasers to irradiate the flexor side skin of people's forearms. Observations were made of the occurrence rate of cutaneous erythema and the appearance times for erythema. Cutaneous erythema occurrence rates and irradiation doses present linear relationships. When doses are large, cutaneous erythema occurrence rates are high. When irradiation doses are low, erythema occurrence rates are low. MRD5O irradiation dosage was obtained as ... |
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| Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation. A Review Pertinent to Air Force Operations |
JUN 96 |
176 pages |
| Authors:
Louis N. Heynick; Peter Polson; AUSA CUPERTINO CA
|
| This report presents analyses studies, research results, and other pertinent information related to investigations of human exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR). The topics discussed are the ANSI/IEEE RFR- exposure guidelines; environmental levels in 15 U.S. cities; and epidemiological/occupational studies, including positive and negative findings on general human health, congenital abnormalities, ocular effects, and reports of cancer incidence. Also discussed are studies in which human volunteers were exposed to RFR to ... |
|
| Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 2, Number 3, March 1996 |
Mar-1996 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce H Jones; Sharon L Ludwig; Mark V Rubertone; John F Brundage; Cynthia R Towle; Vincent P Fonseca; ARMED FORCES HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| In the US military, New World cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease that is typically seen in personnel who have deployed to Central and South America, particularly to the Jungle Operations Training Center (JOTC) at Ft. Sherman, Panama, or the French Foreign Legion jungle training school in French Guiana (4). In the Americas, the causative agents are intracellular protozoa (L. braziliensis, L. peruviana and L. mexicana; rarely L. chagasi). The organism ... |
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| Leishmaniasis Surveillance in the Sinai with Special Emphasis to the Multinational Force and Observers and Associated Areas |
JAN 96 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
W. W. Kanour; S. M. Presley; G. E. Tetreault; I. H. Helmy; M. O. Ibrahim; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH UNIT NO 3 FPO NEW YORK 09527
|
| Leishmaniasis is a wide spread disease throughout many regions of Southwest Asia. Military personnel deployed into the Sinai as members of the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO) contingent are at risk from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). This disease is vectored by various anthropophilic sand fly species, of which at least nine have been reported in the Sinai region. Sand flies were collected through various years and Phiebotomus papatasi accounts for greater ... |
|
| Mechanisms of Cutaneous Vesication |
16 DEC 95 |
162 pages |
| Authors:
Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere; Jason Z. Zhang; Alfred O. Inman; Jim E. Riviere; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
|
| This project investigated the mechanism of bis (2-chioroethyl) sulfide SULFUR MUSTARD, HD induced cutaneous vesication using the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) and in vitro cell cultures. Treatment of IPPSFs with 5.0 mg/ml of HD results in a characteristic increase in vascular resistance, decrease in glucose utilization, and the formation of gross and microblisters. The first study demonstrated that the vascular changes associated with HD vesication are accompanied by ... |
|
| Skin Blood Flow Measured by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry and Venous Occlusion Plethysmography: |
SEP 95 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Margaaret A. Kolka; Lou A. Stephenson; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Cutaneous laser-Doppler flowmetry use includes assessing thermoregulatory effector function and evaluation of clinical and pathologic conditions of the skin circulation. Skin blood flow (SkBF) on the forearm was measured simultaneously by venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) and laser- Doppler flowmetry (LDF) during leg exercise. Fifteen subjects were studied at Ta= 300C or 350C for 30 minutes at 50 to 75% peak Vo2. LDF was measured using the Med Pacific LD6OOO, the ... |
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| Validation of the Mouse Ear Model as an In Vivo Bio-Assay for the Assessment of Topical Mustard (HD) Injury |
JUN 95 |
|
| Authors:
Floyd B. Brinkley; Georgia F. Maltland; Brennie E. Hackley Jr; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Topically applied sulfur mustard (HD) causes a delayed dermal inflammatory response characterized by pronounced vesiculation in human skin. This inflammatory response may be due to increased vascular permeability (IVP) or actual blood vessel damage, resulting in extravasation of formed blood components. Inflammatory lesions characteristically include three features: hyperemia, increased vascular permeability of serum proteins, and leukocyte extravasation. The croton oil vesicant ear model of Tonelli is a well-developed assay procedure ... |
|
| An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides. Volume 4. |
02 MAY 1995 |
427 pages |
| Authors:
William D. Grubbe; William H. Wolfe; Joe E. Michalek; David E. Williams; Michael B. Lustik; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP MCLEAN VA
|
| Chloracne, a chronic acneiform eruption with a highly specific cutaneous distribution, was first described by Von Bettman in 1897 as an occupational disease in German industrial workers. It was not until 1957 that it became recognized as a very specific consequence of exposure to chlorophenols (1,2). A recent review article summarizes the unique clinical manifestations of this skin condition (3). Early animal researchers employed the rabbit's ear as a model ... |
|
| An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides. Volume 5. |
02 MAY 1995 |
502 pages |
| Authors:
William D. Grubbe; William H. Wolfe; Joe E. Michalek; David E. Williams; Michael B. Lustik; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP MCLEAN VA
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| In humans, there is no evidence that the kidneys are target organs for 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, or dioxin) toxicity. Although renal excretion of phenoxy herbicides (TCDD and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-1) has been well established in animals (1) and humans (2,3), more recent studies indicate that it may be of secondary importance to intestinal elimination (4,5). Several studies have focused on the renal sequelae of chlorophenol toxicity in laboratory animals. Rats ... |
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| Chemical Blistering: Cellular and Macromolecular Components |
31 OCT 94 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
I. A. Bernstein; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
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| The mission of this project was to determine the cellular and molecular lesions associated with cutaneous vesication from bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide (BCES). Cultures of keratinocytes were used to focus attention on the direct interactions between the mustard and its epidermal targets. The technical objectives included confirming that DNA was the primary molecular target of BCES in human epidermal keratinocytes, identifying and quantifying BCES- mediated DNA-adducts in relation to dose, determining why ... |
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| Services to Develop, Standardize, and Validate Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Protocols for the Detection of Leishmaniasis in Clinical Samples |
17 OCT 94 |
127 pages |
| Authors:
Frank A. White III; Kalachar Suryanaarayana; SRA TECHNOLOGIES INC FALLS CHURCH VA
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| The disease Leishmaniasis, endemic in Africa, South West Asia, and South America, is caused by transmission of a parasite of the Theishmania species via the bite of an infected sandfly. The severity of the disease ranges from cutaneous lesions to a frequently fatal visceralization of the internal organs unless treated at an early stage. Detection of the parasite is difficult because only low numbers of infected cells are found in ... |
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| Health and Safety Plan, Installation Restoration Program (IRP) Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, Kotzebue Long Range Radar Station, Alaska |
OCT 94 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
TETRA TECH INC REDMOND WA
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| This Final Health and Safety Plan describes the health and safety concerns and personal protective procedures associated with Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study support activities at the Kotzebue Long Range Radar Station in Kotzebue, Alaska. |
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SKIN DISEASES
