| Antimicrobially Treated Projects for Military Use |
30 NOV 2007 |
204 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne Swofford; William Hanrahan; Duane Centola; Crystal Isenhour; Hoshus Smith; David Ramey; Jeff Chandler; MICROBAN PRODUCTS CO HUNTERSVILLE NC
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 | Antimicrobial treatment of clothing and other textile gear is intended to provide advanced protection to the Warfighter in the field by controlling microorganisms that cause problems ranging from odor, skin irritation, athlete's foot, rashes and overall comfort, thereby relieving stressors that can reduce or impair the Warfighter's performance. In addition to providing enhanced protection to the Warfighter, antimicrobially treated textile items may not require laundering as often leading to a ... |
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| Reflective Inserts to Reduce Heat Strain in Body Armor: Tests With and Without Irradiance |
AUG 2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce S. Cadarette; William R. Santee; Scott B. Robinson; Michael N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Delivered by U.S . Army Soldier IP : 153.103.190.11 Tue, 04 Dec 2007 irradiance. Aviat Space Environ Med 2007; 78:809 13. Background: This study evaluated adding reflective thermal inserts (RTI) to reduce the physiological strain during exercise-heat stress with a radiant load. RTI were used with a U.S. Army desert battle dress uniform, body armor, and helmet. Methods: Four male volunteers attempted four trials (10 min rest followed by 100 ... |
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| Role of ABCB5 P-Glycoprotein in Breast Cancer Multidrug Resistance |
SEP 2005 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Markus H. Frank; CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL CORP BOSTON MA
|
| Multidrug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein and related ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is an impediment to successful cancer therapy. Here we have examined for the first time the expression of the novel ABCB5 transporter in human physiological mammary gland tissue and in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines in an initial effort to characterize whether ABCB5 might contribute to breast cancer chemoresistance. We found ABCB5 mRNA highly expressed not ... |
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| A Convenient Fluorometric Method to Study Sulfur Mustard-Induced Apoptosis in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Monolayer Microplate Culture |
16 NOV 2004 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Radharaman Ray; Stephanie Hauck; Rachel Kramer; Betty Benton; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Sulfur mustard (SM (bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide)), a vesicant, is a chemical warfare as well as a potential terrorism agent. SM-induced skin blistering is believed to be due to epidermal-dermal detachment as a result of epidermal basal cell death via apoptosis and/or necrosis. Regarding the role of apoptosis in SM pathology in animal skin, the results obtained in several laboratories, including ours, suggest the following: (a) cell death due to SM begins ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program (Task Order 0020): Evaluation of Decontamination Solutions for Use on Remains |
OCT 2004 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
James E. Estep; Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| Priority 1 - Embalming Fluid Effects on Chemical Warfare Agent- The objective was to determine if embalming fluids alone would significantly destroy chemical warfare agents (HD and VX) such that is would serve as a decontaminant. This would simplify the decontamination procedure and provide a cost savings to the Army. The study evaluated embalming fluids Rex 36, Hexaphene MA 64, and Polar Cavity FirmindexR 53, as potential decontamination material by ... |
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| Aberrant Gene Expression in NF1-Mediated Oncogenesis. Addendum |
SEP 2004 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Janiel M. Shields; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL
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| Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a familial multisystem disease that occurs in approximately one in 3,500 people designating it as one of the most common autosomal-dominant human diseases. Approximately 5% of all NF1 patients develop malignant tumors making it the most common tumor-predisposing disease in humans. Mutations in the NF1 gene, which functions as a tumor suppressor, are considered to be the primary cause for the disease. NF1 is a ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies to Support the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUL 2004 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; James E. Estep; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| For Task 0001, Battelle's Medical Research and Evaluation Facility successfully functioned in compliance with local, state, and federal government regulations while developing and improving medical countermeasures against relevant chemical agents. In Task 0002, 594 total compounds/combinations have been tested in the mouse ear assay. In Task 0003, penetration cells, MS paper, rabbits and guinea pigs are used to test topical skin protectants (TSP). Gene array analyses of mouse skin exposed ... |
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| Effects of Femtosecond Terawatt Laser Pulses on Materials Similar to Porcine Skin |
JAN 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Semih S. Kumru; Gary D. Noojin; Benjamin A. Rockwell; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX
|
| As the laser technology advances and the availability of high power femtosecond pulsed laser systems increase, the urgency to have damage thresholds and ED50 data on these new laser systems becomes more and more prominent. In this study, we have used >50 mJ, 30-50 femtosecond laser pulses at 810 nm that produced self-focusing filaments in the atmosphere. Then, these high-powered (1-3 terawatt) filaments were placed on a grid pattern on ... |
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| Model Predictions and Measured Skin Damage Thresholds for 1.54 Micrometers Laser Pulses in Porcine Skin |
JAN 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
William P. Roach; Clarence Cain; Kurt Schuster; Kevin Stockton; David S. Stolarski; Robert Galloway; Benjamin Rockwell; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX
|
| A new source-term thermal model was used to determine the skin temperature rise using porcine skin parameters for various wavelengths, pulse durations, and laser spot sizes and is compared to the Takata thermal model. Expanding on this preliminary source-term model using a Gaussian profile to describe the spatial extent of laser pulse interaction in skin, we report on the coupling of temporal consideration to the model. Computer simulation of the ... |
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| Monitoring Sulfur Mustard Exposure by the GC-MS Analysis of Thiodiglycol Cleaved from Blood Proteins |
18 NOV 2003 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
William D. Korte; J. R. Smith; Benedict R. Capacio; Michael DeLion; Dana R. Anderson; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| A GC-MS assay of thiodiglycol (TDG) released from blood protein adducts of sulfur mustard (SM) was developed. Exposure of pig blood to SM (24 nM to 400 nM) resulted in a SM concentration-dependent increase in plasma TDG levels from 2.0 pg/mg protein to 38 pg/mg protein. TDG levels in blood samples drawn from monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) after a 1.0 mg/kg intravenous SM injection decreased from 220 pg/mg to 10 pg/mg ... |
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| Cell Motility and Invasiveness of Neurofibromin-Deficient Neural Crest Cells and Malignant Triton Tumor Lines |
OCT 2003 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Kristine S. Vogel; TEXAS UNIV HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SANANTONIO
|
| Our purpose is to examine the role of the NF1 gene product, neurofibromin, in modulating the migratory and invasive properties of neural crest cells (NCC) and neural crest-derived sarcoma cells. As a negative regulator of Ras signaling, neurofibromin may influence the responses of NC- derived cells to growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that affect motility. We use embryonic NCC and NC-derived sarcoma lines isolated from cisNf1;p53 mice to ... |
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| Ethnic and Environmental Influence on Vitamin D Requirement in Military Personnel |
OCT 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Robert P. Heaney; CREIGHTON UNIV OMAHA NE
|
| The purposes of this study are to provide quantitative estimates of 1) the effective amount of vitamin D produced in the skin as a function of skin pigmentation; and 2) the rate of utilization of vitamin D as a function of ethnicity. The outcome will be estimates of the amount of vitamin D that must be given orally to military personnel of different races and in different assigned locations so ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies to Support the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUN 2003 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; James E. Estep; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| Battelle's Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) successfully maintained and functioned in compliance with local, state, and federal government regulations for developing and improving medical countermeasures against military relevant chemical agents. Fourteen task orders were proposed and/or developed. |
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| Real Time Thermoregulatory Model for Extreme Cold Stress: Applicable to Objective Force Warrior (OFW) |
JAN 2003 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Xiaojiang Xu; Gordon Giesbrecht; Richard Gonzalez; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| A mathematical model for predicting shivering and thermoregulatory responses during long term cold exposure has been developed and validated. The basis for this model is a six-cylinder mathematical model of human temperature regulation which was well validated (Xu and Werner, Appl. Human Sci. 16:61-75, 1997) for dynamic conditions: incorporating heat, cold (less than 2 hours), clothing systems, and exercise. To what extent shivering is maintained over a long duration is ... |
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| Bioceramics 15 |
2003 |
|
| Authors:
Besim Ben-Nissan; Doron Sher; William Walsh; UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY-SYDNEY (AUSTRALIA) DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
|
 | Since their inception Bioceramics meetings have provided a treasure house of information for both scientists and clinicians in the medical field. The clinical applications are numerous, in particular in the areas of orthopaedics, maxillofacial, plastic and ocular surgery, percutaneous devices, tissue engineering and sensors. This volume in addition to research papers contributed also presents selected overviews and discussions on recent bioceramics research and trends. |
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| Decontamination of GF In Vivo by the Reactive Skin Decontaminant Lotion (RSDL) |
SEP 2002 |
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| Authors:
R. W. Bide; D. J. Risk; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SUFFIELD (ALBERTA)
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| The Reactive Skin Decontaminant Lotion (RSDL)(R), developed for the CF, was tested for potency against GF using the same procedures previously used with GD, VX, L and HD. |
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| Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies to Support the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUN 2002 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; James E. Estep; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| Battelle's Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) maintained compliance with local, state, and federal government regulations in developing and improving medical countermeasures against military relevant chemical agents. Eight task orders were proposed and/or developed. In Task 0002, 97 Test Assignment Sheets were completed. In Task 0003, rTSP candidates were tested against HD and GD vapor breakthrough in a penetration cell. Animal models are used to perform advanced testing. The Final ... |
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| Research for the Warfighter |
JAN 2002 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This document reports on defining four research priorities: a) Simplify the approach to nerve agent medical protection by scavenging enzymes; b) Develop a specific countermeasure to HD; c) Develop an advanced or active topical skin protectant; and d) In the short term, build a better mousetrap to anticonvulsants. |
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| A Basic Study About Multi Channel Measurement of Skin Impedance Vector Loci on the Acupuncture Points |
25 OCT 2001 |
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| Authors:
Takenori Fukumoto; Shigeo Ohba; Ryoko Futami; Haruo Tanaka; Nozomu Hoshimiya; TOHOKU BUNKA GAKUEN UNIV SENDAI (JAPAN) FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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| Acupuncture points have been found to be points of low electrical resistance compared to surrounding tissue. The significance and detail of the singular electrical properties of acupuncture points are uncertain at present. In this study the authors measured the absolute value and the phase of skin impedance on an acupuncture point and non-acupuncture point at many frequencies and current values. Absolute value, phase, and vector loci of skin impedance showed ... |
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| Measurements of Breast Tissue Optical Properties |
OCT 2001 |
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| Authors:
Albert Cerussi; CALIFORNIA UNIV IRVINE
|
| Near-infrared (NIR) optical spectroscopy demonstrates unique possibilities for non-invasively monitoring tissue physiology. A bedside-capable instrument using low levels of non-ionizing near-infrared light measured both absorption and scattering properties of tissues. A diffusive model quantified oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, water, and lipid by their absorption signatures. Cellular density, fat, and collagen content were inferred from measured light-scattering spectra. This quantitative functional information cannot be obtained with other non-invasive radiological techniques. Measurements ... |
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| Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies to Support the Medical Chemical Defense Program |
JUN 2001 |
|
| Authors:
James E. Estep; Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| Battelle's5 Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) successfully maintained and functioned in compliance with local, state, and federal government regulations for developing and improving medical countermeasures against military relevant chemical agents. Ten task orders were proposed and/or developed. In Task 0002, 146 Task Assignment Sheets were completed. In Task 0003, 90 and 83 rTSP candidates were tested against HD vapor and GD vapor breakthrough, respectively, using a penetration cell model ... |
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| Biocatalytic Polymer Skin Adhesives |
14 MAR 2001 |
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| Authors:
Keith LeJeune; Nathaniel Scholnicoff; Markus Erbeldinger; AGENTASE PITTSBURGH PA
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| Report developed under STTR contract for topic Army00-T006. Agentase LLC has effectively incorporated toxin-degrading enzymes within polymer gels that can be directly attached to skin tissue. Enzyme activity retention and catalyst stability within polymers exceeds predetermined goals, as do the mechanical and adhesive strengths of enzyme-containing materials. The multi- point chemical attachment of enzymes within the polymer network ensures long- term retention of polymerized proteins within the material. Preliminary results ... |
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| Percutaneous Absorption of Chemical Mixture Relevant to the Gulf War |
FEB 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Jim E. Riviere; Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere; Ronald E. Baynes; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
|
| The purpose of this research is to quantitate the dermal absorption and cutaneous toxicity of chemical mixtures relevant to the Gulf War. The primary focus of year 2 of this proposal was to assess 1) the effect that systemic exposure to pyridostigmine bromide (PB) has on DEBT and permethrin absorption; 2.) the effect of topical and systemic exposure of DFP (CW nerve agent simulant) on absorption of these chemicals, and ... |
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| Effect of Endogenous 17B Estradiol on Core Temperature and Skin Blood Flow in Healthy, Eumenorrheic Women: A Report of Three Studies |
OCT 2000 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Margaret A. Kolka; Catherine B. Boulant; Leslie Levine; Lou A. Stephenson; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| These studies were done to describe the pre-ovulatory phase core temperature decrease in healthy, eumenorrheic women as a change in the regulated body temperature set point. In Study 1, subjects walked at a moderate exercise intensity wearing personal protective equipment. In Study 2, the environment mimicked that under the PPE in the first study during cycle exercise when dressed in t-shirts and shorts. In Study 3, ... |
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| Development of Protective Agent Against Sulfur Mustard-Induced Skin Lesions |
AUG 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Uri Wormser; HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM (ISRAEL)
|
| The present study is a continuation of the first year project in which we demonstrated the protective effect of our liquid iodine formulation against sulfur mustard (SM) . During the second year of project we developed an iodine ointment that showed beneficial effects similar to those of the liquid formulation. Prophylactic treatment with iodine had also protective effect. |
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| High-Impedance, Dry Physiological Recording Optrode |
JUN 2000 |
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| Authors:
S. A. Kingsley; SRICO INC COLUMBUS OH
|
| Srico is developing a new approach to measure EEO signals using optical fiber and integrated optical technology. In this technique, optical transducers (called optrodes) are in physical contact with the scalp. The optrodes have very high input impedance, so they do not require special scalp preparation or the use of electrolyte paste. This report describes SRICO's efforts during the first year of a Phase II ... |
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| Characterization and Modulation of Proteins Involved in Sulfur Mustard Vesication |
JUN 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Dean S. Rosenthal; GEORGETOWN UNIV WASHINGTON DC MEDICAL CENTER
|
| Sulfur mustard (SM) causes blisters in the skin through a series of cellular changes that we are beginning to identify. Recently, using chemical inhibitors, we found a major role for Ca(2+) and calmodulin in the induction of differentiation in human keratinocytes in response to SM. We also obtained the unexpected results that SM induces markers of apoptosis, and that this process also proceeds via a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent pathway. We have extended ... |
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| Screening of Candidate Pretreatment and Therapeutic Compounds against Vesicant and Nerve Agents Using In Vitro Models |
FEB 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| The Drug Assessment Division of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) has the mission of identifying and evaluating candidate pretreatment and therapeutic compounds which are safe and effective in preventing or reversing the effects of chemical warfare agents. Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) Task 92-32 was initiated in 1993 to assist the identification of pretreatment and treatment (P&T) compounds efficacious ... |
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| Evaluation of Airborne Exposure Limits for VX: Worker and General Population Exposure Criteria |
FEB 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Sharon A. Reutter; Robert J. Mioduszewski; Sandra A. Thomson; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Existing occupational airborne exposure limits (now referred to as "worker population limits" or WPLs) and general population airborne exposure limits (now referred to as "general population limits" or GPLs) were reviewed and recalculated using current risk assessment methods and two sets of data not considered in previous estimates. These "newer" data resulted in estimated WPLs and GPLs lower than existing values. However, the quality of ... |
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| Percutaneous Absorption of Chemical Mixtures Relevant to the Gulf War |
FEB 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Jim B. Riviere; Nancy Monteiro-Riviere; Ronald A. Baynes; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
|
| The purpose of this research is to quantitate the dermal absorption and cutaneous toxicity of chemical mixtures that veterans may have been exposed to during the Persian Gulf War. The primary focus in the first year of this proposal has been on chemical mixtures composed of the insect repellent DEET and the insecticide permethrin exposed in various vehicles. Analytical methods for these penetrants have been developed. These studies were conducted ... |
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| Effect of Increasing Toxin Levels on Guineau Pigs Passively Immunized With Human Botulinum Immune Globulin |
JAN 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| Pentavalent Botulinum Toxoid (PBT) vaccine is intended for use as a medical countermeasure for combat troops with the potential for exposure to botulinum toxins on the battlefield. As efficacy for this vaccine cannot be directly demonstrated in traditional clinical trials, the measurement of neutralizing antibodies has been proposed as a serological correlate for protection. Task 97-52 is designed to establish the level of protection afforded ... |
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| Development of an In Vitro Assay of Mustard-Induced Proteolysis Using Human Cells in Culture |
JAN 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Clark L. Gross; Charlene M. Corun; William J. Smith; Susan A. Kelly; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This report describes the development of in vitro assays of mustard- induced proteolysis using human cells in culture. Development of rapid, cost- effective, and relevant assays is important for the screening of the many potential drugs that are available from pharmaceutical companies or developed under contract. Efficacy of these prospective antidotes is measured using salient biological endpoints. Proteolysis appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of the sulfur mustard (HD) ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supportingthe Medical Chemical Defense Program. Demonstration of the Safe and Effective Operation of the Battelle BL-3 Laboratory Faci |
JAN 1999 |
|
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| Task 95-36 was divided into two sections for administrative purposes. The primary objective was to transform the JM- 1 Biofacility into an operational laboratory capable to conducting preclinical studies with toxins of biological origin in accordance with Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) guidelines. A second objective of this Task was the procurement of SO grams of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP). ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. Task 97-54 |
JAN 1999 |
|
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| Personnel involved in research and development activities, and transportation of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting compounds must be protected from contact with these chemicals. Since engineering controls may not eliminate all possible exposures, attention must focus on reducing the potential for direct skin contact through the use of protective clothing that resists permeation. Gloves are considered the first line of protection against direct skin exposure. Gloves are routinely tested for resistance to chemical ... |
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| Preformulation and Formulation of Investigational New Drugs |
JAN 1999 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas Flanagan; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY
|
| This is a final report concerning: Various paromomycin sulfate topical formulations were evaluated with regard to their physical stability. Some of the stability samples were sent to WRAIR for animal testing to determine whether there was sufficient drug remaining to maintain efficacy. A batch of about 4000 antipyrine capsules (250 mg) was produced. Formulation and production of WR238,6O5 capsules (62.5 mg and 125 mg) and placebo capsules. Formulation development of ... |
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| Diagnosis and Dosimetry of Exposure to Sulfur Mustard: Development of Standard Operating Procedures; Further Exploratory Research on Protein Adducts |
JAN 1999 |
|
| Authors:
Hendrick P. Benschop; Daan Noort; Govert P. van der Schans; Leo P. A. de Jong; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK(NETHERLANDS)
|
| In continuation of previous grants, a tentative standard operating procedure has been developed for two methods for retrospective detection of exposure to sulfur mustard: an immunoslotbiot assay and/or ELISA for DNA adducts in blood and skin and the modified Edman procedure for determination of adducts to the N-terminal valine in hemoglobin. Both procedures could substantially be shortened, while their sensitivities were improved. Furthermore, exploratory research is performed aiming at the ... |
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| Assessment of the Dermal Absorption Potential of Modified M1 Propellants, WC-732 and PAP-7993 |
DEC 1998 |
|
| Authors:
James N. McDougal; Gary W. Jepson; MANTECH-GEOCENTERS JOINT VENTURE DAYTON OH
|
| Soliders handling modular artillery propellant increments may have exposure to chemical components to propellants via the skin on the hands. The Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS) includes both a low zone XM231 increment and a high zone XM232 increment which were previously determined to not cause a dermal absorption hazard under potential use conditions (McDougal et al., l998a, 1998b). Chemical concentrations on the surface of these ... |
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| Factors Influencing the Percutaneous Penetration of Soman Vapour Using the 'With Blood Perfused Pig Ear' Model |
JUL 1998 |
|
| Authors:
G. R. Elliott; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK(NETHERLANDS)
|
| The main question tackled in this project was whether it was reasonable to use Ct to predict the biological effect of chronic dermal exposure to low concentrations of soman vapour. Our results indicate that Ct cannot be used to predict the risk of an adverse effect after chronic exposure (4 hr) to low concentrations of soman vapour. Once the concentration of soman in the vapour falls below a minimum value ... |
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| Molecular Biological Basis for the Response of Poly (ADP-RIB) Polymeraseand NAD Metabolism to DNA Damage Caused by Mustard Alkylating Agents |
APR 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Mark E. Smulson; GEORGETOWN UNIV WASHINGTON DC MEDICAL CENTER
|
| We have performed a variety of experiments to provide a strategy to modulate the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), in cultured keratinocytes, during the course of this contract. This enzyme modifies a variety of nuclear proteins utilizing NAD. DNA is required for the catalytic activity of the enzyme and the activity is dependent upon the presence of strand breaks in this DNA. It has been hypothesized ... |
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| Toxicological Evaluation/Verification of Decontamination Procedures/ Products from Alternative Technologies for Chemical Demilitarization: Department of Transportation (DOT) Test Results for a Mustard (HD) Wastestream |
MAR 1998 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
James H. Manthei; Ruth A. Way; Deam M. Bona; Bernadita I. Gaviola; Kenneth P. Cameron; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
|
| The Alternative Technology Program was tasked by Congress to research for an acceptable procedure other than incineration to reduce the U.S. Army's mustard (HD) stockpile to non-toxic and hazardous waste. The search for this best destruction method has resulted in the selection of a HD water reaction in which HD is reacted with 90 deg C water to form water, thiodiglycol, and salts. This reaction can then be biodegraded and ... |
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| Methods of Producing Freeze-Dried Acellular Vascular, Peripheral Nerve and Generic Tissue Grafts for the Treatment of Combat Casualties |
FEB 1998 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence E. Boerboom; LIFECELL CORP THE WOODLANDS TX
|
| The program consists of three projects: vascular grafts, skin micrografting and dura replacement. The vascular graft project aims to generate an off-the-shelf transplantable vascular graft for combat casualty care. We have made significant progress toward achieving a final protocol for processing vascular grafts and recent grafts implanted in vivo in feasibility phase studies have consistently been patent at 2 weeks. We anticipate beginning the long-term studies of 3 and 6 ... |
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| Toxicological Evaluation/Verification of Decontamination Procedures/ Products from Alternative Technologies for Chemical Demilitarization: Products of Mustard (HD) Neutralization and/or Hydrolysis |
AUG 1997 |
|
| Authors:
James H. Manthei; Dale H. Heitkamp; Ruth A. Way; Dean M. Bona; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
|
| Six samples of mustard (HD) were decontaminated using water with additional degrading by bioreactions. These materials were tested dermally in adult New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits at 1.0 ML/kg to assess their dermal irritation hazard. Results indicate that all six decontaminated!HD!water by- products no longer possessed dermal irritancy properties. A control 1.0% HD/PEG- 200 sample produced severe dermal irritation in all 12 rabbits tested. A control sample of thiodiglycol produced ... |
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| Department of Transportation Dermal Toxicity Evaluation of Product Solutions Resulting from the Chemical Neutralization of HD, GB, and VX via Monoethanolamine (MEA) |
AUG 1997 |
|
| Authors:
Eugene J. Olajos; Harry Salem; John K. Gieseking; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
|
| Acute dermal toxicity studies were conducted on New Zealand white rabbits to ascertain the systemic toxicity and skin-injurious potential of monoethanolamine (MEA)-neutralized sulfur mustard (HD), sarin (GB), and VX. The lethality screen consisted of a 24-hr occluded exposure to 1 mL/kg of test article. Dermal irritation studies were based on a 4-hr occluded exposure to 0.5 mL of test article. Chemical neutralization of HD, GB, and VX resulted in product ... |
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| Acute Dermal Toxicity Evaluation of Product Solutions Resulting from the Chemical Neutralization of HD, GB, and VX via Monoethanolamine (MEA) |
JUL 97 |
|
| Authors:
Eugene J. Olajos; Kenneth P. Cameron; Ruth A. Way; James H. Manthei; Dale H. Heitkamp; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
|
| Acute dermal studies (lethality screen and skin irritation) were conducted on New Zealand White rabbits to ascertain the systemic toxicity and skin-injurant potential of monoethanolamine (MEA)-neutralized sulfur mustard (HD), sarin (GB), and VX. The lethality screen (limit test) consisted of a 24- hour occluded exposure to 1 ml/kg of 'test article.' Dermal irritation studies were based on a 4-hour occluded exposure to 0.5 ml of 'test article.' Chemical neutralization of ... |
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| Extrudable Gel-Forming Bioabsorbable Hemostatic Tissue Adhesives for Traumatic and Burn Wounds |
JUL 1997 |
|
| Authors:
Shalaby W. Shalaby; POLY-MED INC ANDERSON SC
|
| The three segments of the planned studies, adhesive skin wound augmentation (ASWA), burn wound healing (BWH), and hemostatic sealants (HS) were successfully completed. Results on ASWA led to the identification of an absorbable extrudable gel-former which can be used in conjunction with skin stapling to reduce the number of staples needed to approximate wound edges by about half, while increasing significantly the percent regain in would strength and controlling scar ... |
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| Development of Reactive Topical Skin Protectants against Sulfur Mustard and Nerve Agents |
JUN 1997 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth Klabunde; NANTEK INC MANHATTAN KS
|
| The purpose of the Phase I Research was to investigate the feasibility of using Nantek's unique reactive nanoparticle (RNP) adsorbents as the active ingredient in a skin cream system for the protection against exposure to sulfur mustard and nerve agents. The scope of the work included: (1) study of mimic reactions with a broad array of adsorbents; (2) new adsorbent formulation development; (3) adsorbent-cream compatibility studies; (4) prototype skin system ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program. A Comparison of the Biochemical Changes Produced by Vesicating and Non-Vesicating Alkylating Agents in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes |
FEB 97 |
110 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; John B. Johnson; James A. Blank; Ronald G. Menton; Frances M. Reid; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| Task 91-23 was conducted for the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) to compare alterations in selected biochemical endpoints using human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) exposed in vitro to either non-vesicating (e.g., cisplatin) or vesicating (e.g., sulfur mustard; MD) alkylating agents. These data may provide insight into the biochemical mechanism(s) uniquely associated with tissue vesication. Preliminary in vivo experiments used three vesicating and three non-vesicating alkylating agents to ... |
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| The Cytoskeleton & ATP in Sulfur Mustard-Mediated Injury to Endothelial Cells & Keratinocytes |
DEC 1996 |
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| Authors:
Daniel B. Hinshaw; VETERANS ADMINISTRATION HOSPITAL ANN ARBOR MI
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| The goal of this project has been to define the nature of the cytopathology induced by sulfur mustard (SM) in endothelial cells and keratinocytes which accounts for vesication. Using fluorescence microscopic techniques and biochemical assays we tested the hypotheses that SM injury can cause two forms of cell death in endothelial cells and keratinocytes, apoptosis and necrosis, and that they result in cytoskeletal and morphologic changes which account for SM-induced ... |
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| Extrudable Gel-Forming Bioabsorbable Hemostatic Tissue Adhesives for Traumatic and Burn Wounds |
DEC 1996 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Shalaby W. Shalaby; POLY-MED INC ANDERSON SC
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| Two of the three segments of the planned studies, adhesive skin wound augmentation (ASWA) and burn wound healing (BWH) are underway. Plans for the third segment, hemostasis, have been finalized. The studies on ASWA are practically complete and they include: (1) polymer synthesis and characterization of primary gel-formers; (2) preparation and evaluation of candidate formulations; and (3) conducting the animal studies and completing data analysis. Studies on BWH are in ... |
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| Development of an Insect Repellent Based on Human Skin Emanations. Phase 1 |
OCT 1996 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
William G. Reifenrath; TERA COMPUTER CO SEATTLE WA
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| During Phase I, we have identified human subjects from a group of 30 males and females whose forearms were consistently least attractive or most attractive to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes contained in an olfactometer (F = 5.92, P = 0.0000). All of the 4 least attractive subjects were female and all of the 5 most attractive subjects were male. Females in general were significantly less attractive to the mosquitoes than the ... |
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