| Genome-Wide Association Identifies Multiple Genomic Regions Associated with Susceptibility to and Control of Ovine Lentivirus |
17 Oct 2012 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen N White; Michelle R Mousel; Lynn M Herrmann-Hoesing; James O Reynolds; Kreg A Leymaster; Holly L Neibergs; Gregory S Lewis; Donald P Knowles; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN
|
 | Background: Like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), ovine lentivirus (OvLV) is macrophage-tropic and causes lifelong infection. OvLV infects one quarter of U.S. sheep and induces pneumonia and body condition wasting. There is no vaccine to prevent OvLV infection and no cost-effective treatment for infected animals. However, breed differences in prevalence and proviral concentration have indicated a genetic basis for susceptibility to OvLV. A recent study identified TMEM154 variants in OvLV susceptibility. ... |
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| Evaluative Testing of Sheep Ranching Site 5LA2316, 5LA2366, and 5LA2359 on the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Las Animas County, Colorado |
Jun-2009 |
279 pages |
| Authors:
Pamela Cowen; Kimberly Henderson; Minette Church; Rollin Craft; Cheryl Wagner; COLORADO UNIV AT COLORADO SPRINGS DEPT OF ANTHROPOLOGY
|
| In 2001, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs tested three sites on the Department of the Army's Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site in order to assess damage by tracked vehicles that breached protective fences around the sites during Army training maneuvers. All three sites were related to sheep ranching in the area between c. 1890 and c. 1910. 5LA2316 is the foundations of a substantial residential sheep ranch, complete with foundations of ... |
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| Viscoelastic Mapping of the Arterial Ovine System using a Kelvin Model |
19 MAR 2007 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
D. Valdez-Jasso; M. A. Haider; H. T. Banks; D. Bia; Y. Zocalo; R. Armentano; M. S. Olufsen; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH DEPT OF MATHEMATICS
|
| The mechanics of the arterial wall is complex, due to its material structure and load conditions, which influence the hemodynamic properties as well as the growth and remodeling process of the cardiovascular system. Arterial remodeling can be found both locally and globally. Local remodeling is typically a result of disease, while global remodeling can be found even for healthy arteries. In this study we have analyzed how elastic and viscoelastic ... |
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| Development and Evaluation of New Products for the Far-Forward Care of Combat Casualities With Acute Lung Injury |
FEB 2007 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Leopoldo C. Cancio; Brack Hattler; Andriy I. Batchinsky; TRUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| The principal objective for this phase of the study was to develop a new method of delivering chlorine gas for inhalation injury in sheep. Secondary objectives included the following: to assess the utility of the Suffolk breed of sheep for studies of inhalation injury; to demonstrate Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging of the trachea and bronchi following inhalation of chlorine, and to demonstrate Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (NIRS-DOS) monitoring of ... |
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| Efficient and Rapid Development of Transgenic Hamster Models of TSEs Using a Radical New Technology |
SEP 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Robert G. Rohwer; Irena Alexeeva; Marie Bugin; BALTIMORE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION FOUNDATION INC MD
|
| The development of blood-based or other diagnostic tests for the TSE diseases should be greatly facilitated by an integrated set of compatible resources: 1) a susceptible large animal (sheep) to provide blood or other substrates, 2) susceptible transgenic rodents that can be used as a sensitive bioassay, 3) standard reference samples of brain, blood, and plasma of sufficient volume to be used by the TSE community. We are breeding a ... |
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| High-Throughput Screening of Compounds for Anti-Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Activity Using Cell-Culture and Cell-Free Models and Infected Animals |
JUL 2006 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Byron Caughey; NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH HAMILTON MT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABS
|
| Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are fatal untreatable neurodegenerative diseases associated with the accumulation of a disease-specific form of priori protein (PrPSc) in the brain. One therapeutic approach is the inhibitors of PrPSc accumulation indeed many inhibitors of PrPSc accumulation in scrapie-infected cells also have anti-scrapie activity in rodents During This year. cell line derived from deer has been chronically infected with CWD to more effectively search for agents to combat that ... |
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| Development and Evaluation of New Products for the Far-Forward Care of Combat Casualties with Acute Lung Injury |
01 FEB 2006 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Leopoldo C. Cancio; Brack Hattler; Andriy I. Batchinsky; TRUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Intravenous Membrane Oxygenator or Hattler Catheter (IMO) in an ovine model of lung injury due to inhalation of chlorine gas. HYPOTHESIS: IMO will improve the PaO2-to-FiO2 (PFR) ratio in injured sheep. METHODS: Thirteen ewes (sham + IMO, n=1; injury + IMO, n=7; injury without IMO, n=5,) were used. Anesthetized sheep were ventilated with 300 L of 100 ppm chlorine (mixed in 100% O2). When animals reached ... |
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| Detection of Subclinical Mastitis in Small Ruminants on Six Farms in Northern Tanzania |
18 OCT 2005 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Mark W. Lehman; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| Small ruminants represent an important role in the pastoral life of the Maasai people of northern Tanzania. Although the Maasai culture centers on cattle, East African goats and Fat-tailed sheep are the predominant livestock in this area and are extensively managed on free range semi-arid landscape. The milk and meat from these animals are a main component of the Maasai diet. The milk is often consumed hot, combined with tea ... |
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| Efficient and Rapid Development of Transgenic Hamster Models of TSE's Using a Radical New Technology |
SEP 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Robert G. Rohwer; Irena Alexeeva; Marie Bulgin; BALTIMORE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION FOUNDATION INC MD
|
| In the original proposal, we proposed a use of new transposon technology developed by TOSK Inc. to introduce the human, sheep, white tail deer, bovine, and mouse prion genes into golden Syrian hamsters. TOSK Inc. failed to produce a working technology to achieve these goals and therefore we lost a year of research and proposed a new statement of work. This annual report will summarize why we have proposed a ... |
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| Characterization of Antibody Specific for Disease Associated Prion Protein |
JUL 2004 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Shu G. Chen; CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV CLEVELAND OH
|
| Prion diseases are characterized by the presence of the abnormal scrapie isoform of prion protein (Prp(exp Sc)) in affected brains. A conformational change is believed to convert the normal cellular prion protein (PrP (expC)) into PrP(exp Sc). Detection of PrP(exp Sc) for diagnosis and prophylaxis is impaired because available antibodies recognizing epitopes on PrP fail to distinguish between PrP(exp sc) and PrP (exp c). We have discovered a novel antibody ... |
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| Development of Methods for the Real-Time and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Eye |
JUL 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Jacob W. Petrich; IOWA STATE UNIV OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AMES
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| Fluorescence spectra of scrapie-infected sheep eyes have been compared with those of healthy cow eyes. All of the eye parts have been investigated in detail and assessed for their ability to determine whether they provide a probe of TSE infection. |
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| Terrorism: Foot-And-Mouth Disease as an Option |
09 APR 2002 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth B. Whitt; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
 | This paper reviews the definitions, vulnerabilities, terrorist ends, way, and means strategies, potential repercussions, and the potential solutions needed to remedy the threat of terrorist introduction of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) into a United States animal population. Most recently, the U.S. has not paid much attention to terrorist threats against agricultural targets despite their acknowledged vulnerability and strategic importance. Attitudes have changed however as both the public and private sector now ... |
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| Acute Effects of Organophosphorous Compounds on the Ovine Fetus |
19 JUN 2001 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Manford C. Castle; EASTERN VIRGINIA MEDICAL SCHOOL NORFOLK
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| The goal is to achieve a better understanding of the toxicity to the fetus of organophosphorous compounds. In ovine plasma, paraoxon inhibition of maternal acetylcholinesterase was 100-fold below that of the fetus. 2-PAM reduced paraoxon-induced inhibition in maternal plasm by approximately fifty percent but had no effect on inhibition in fetal plasma. Hydrolysis of p- nitrophenyl acetate was similar with plasma from human, baboon (maternal and fetal) and maternal sheep ... |
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| Speech Recognition by Goats, Wolves, Sheep and Non-Natives |
AUG 2000 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Dirk V. Campernolle; LERNOUT AND HAUSPIE SPEECH PRODUCTS NV WEMMEL (BELGIUM)
|
| This paper gives an overview of current understanding of acoustic-phonetic issues arising when trying to recognize speech from non-native speakers. Regional accents can be modeled by systematic shifts in pronunciation. These can often better be represented by multiple models, than by pronunciation variants in the dictionary. The problem of non-native speech is much more difficult because it is influenced both by native and spoken language, making a multi-model approach inappropriate. ... |
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| Animal Noise Monitor: Assessment of Accelerometers for Determining Animal Behavior |
MAR 2000 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Micah Downing; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| The Environmental Impact Analysis Process (EIAP) requires that the Department of Defense be able to assess the impacts of noise on animals. The National Park Service and Fish and Wildlife Service, who have oversight on DoD environmental documents, have expressed concern about noise impacts on wildlife from military overflights. The USAF undertook an effort to develop an animal noise monitor that would measure directly the noise impact and determine the ... |
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| Recombinant Polyclonal Antibody Libraries for Breast Cancer Therapy |
SEP 1999 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Jacqueline Sharon; BOSTON UNIV MA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
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| This project proposes the development of a recombinant polyclonal antibody specific for the human breast carcinoma cell line BT-20. The proposed library would target multiple epitopes on the human cell line and also provide the genes necessary for the unlimited perpetuation of the defined antibody mixture. Ultimately, such antibody libraries could be used for treatment and diagnosis of breast cancer in humans. In the present ... |
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| Impulse Noise Exposures: Characterization and Effects on Fetal Sheep in Utero |
SEP 1999 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth J. Gerhardt; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
| Twenty fetal sheep were exposed to impulses with peak levels of 169 dB SPL (pSPL). Auditory evoked potentials and behavioral state were recorded from the fetuses before and after impulse exposures. In the uterus of pregnant sheep, the pSPL varied as a function of fetal head location. When the fetal head was against the abdominal wall, peak levels were within 3.7 dB of airborne levels. When ... |
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| Prediction and Verification of Internal Electric Current Distribution in Muscle From Surface Application |
26 JUL 1999 |
233 pages |
| Authors:
William A. Waugaman; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| The use of surface electrical stimulation therapy for clinical rehabilitation has created the need for an improved modeling method to predict internal current density. Some stimulation protocols do not produce measurable physiological effects, such as muscle contraction. Therefore, traditional response-based current density modeling cannot be used. Additionally, lumped circuit models do not provide the resolution needed to optimize electrode size, shape, and placement. In this study, a method was developed ... |
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| Blast Overpressure Studies. Part II: Nonauditory Damage-Risk Assessment for Simulated Weapons Fired 100 Times from an Enclosure |
OCT 97 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Barbara Merickel; Daniel L. Johnson; John T. Yelverton; William Hicks; EG AND G MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS INC ALBUQUERQUE NM
|
| Anesthetized sheep were exposed to a reverberant wave environment like that produced from firing an antitank weapon from a room. The simulation was accomplished by detonating C4 explosives outside a chamber of 18.2 m3 volume. The blast wave traveled into the chamber through a 20-cm I.D. tube and was reflected off the back wall and subsequently throughout the chamber. The resulting waveform very closely approximated that generated by a Carl-Gustav ... |
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| Blast Overpressure Studies. Nonauditory Damage Risk Assessment for Simulated Muzzle Blast from a l2Omm Ml2l Mortar System |
OCT 97 |
239 pages |
| Authors:
John T. Yelverton; Daniel L. Johnson; William Hicks; Barbara Merickel; EG AND G INC ALBUQUERQUE NM
|
| This study was undertaken to establish the subthreshold, threshold, and suprathresholds for nonauditory injuries in a simulated muzzle blast environment like that produced when firing a 120mm M121 mortar system. A vertical axis explosively driven shock tube, in combination with reflector shields, was used to produce the required muzzle blast pressure-time pattern. Varying numbers of anesthetized sheep were subjected to 6 or 50 blasts of simulated muzzle blast waves in ... |
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| Blast Overpressure Studies with Animals and Man |
AUG 97 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel L. Johnson; EG AND G MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS INC ALBUQUERQUE NM
|
| This report gives the results of Blast Overpressure Studies with animal and man. |
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| Blast Overpressure Studies with Animals and Man |
AUG 97 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel L. Johnson; EG AND G INC ALBUQUERQUE NM
|
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| Ventilation-Perfusion Alterations after Inhalation Injury in an Ovine Model |
MAY 1996 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Takeshi Shimazu; Tetsuo Yukioka; Hisashi Ikeuchi; Arthur D. Mason Jr.; Peter D. Wagner; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAMHOUSTON TX
|
| Ventilation- perfusion alterations after smoke inhalation injury in an ovine model. J. Appl. PhysioL. 81(5): A 2250-2259, 1996. To study the pathophysiological mechanism of progressive hypoxemia after smoke inhalation injury, alterations in ventilation-perfusion ratio (VA/Q) were studied in an ovine model by using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. Because ethane was detected in expired gas of some sheep, we replaced ethane with krypton, which was a unique application of ... |
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| The Effects of Orally Applied and Systemic Interferon and Cytokines on Hormonal and Host Defense Mechanisms of Virus-Infected Mice |
24 MAR 95 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
G. J. Stanton; T. K. Hughes; TEXAS UNIV MEDICAL BRANCH AT GALVESTON
|
| This report presents data that orally applied IFN can increase the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate in very young and old-age (20 months) mice and protect mice from Semliki Forest Virus infections. Large numbers of mice/group (42) were needed to show statistically significant increases in the splenic antibody plaque-forming response to sheep red blood cells. These increases were in the two to four fold range. Thus the biological significance needs ... |
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| Overview of Nitrogen Dioxide Effects on the Lung with Emphasis on Military Relevance |
1994 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Maria A. Mayorga; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| Nitrogen dioxide exposure occurs in many civilian occupations as well as during military combat. Little interaction has occurred between the two communities in regards to the exchange of information about NO2 research. This presentation provides an overview of NO2 related epidemiology; available research models and issues of particular interest to both the civilian and military sectors; clinical presentations, prophylaxis and treatment; and pathophysiology and mechanisms of injury. Throughout the presentation ... |
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| Nitrogen Dioxide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Sheep |
1994 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
A. J. Januszkiewicz; M. A. Mayorga; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| Lung mechanics, hemodynamics and blood chemistries were assessed in sheep before, and up to 24 h after, a 15-20 min exposure to either air (control) or 500 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Nose-only (NO) and lung-only (LO) routes of exposure were compared for effects on NO2 pathogenesis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from exposed sheep were analyzed for biochemical/cellular signs of NO2 insult. The influence of breathing pattern on NO2 dose was ... |
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| Toxicity of Nitrogen Dioxide: An Introduction |
1994 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Nabil M. Elsayed; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| Many questions needed to advance our understanding of the mechanism of injury from high-level NO2, remain unanswered to date. This is partly due to the limited interest in the toxicity of high-level exposures, and partly due to the public pressure and interest to study the effects of low-(environmental) levels. However, the effects of exposure to high-level NO2 are of great interest to the military since high levels of NO2 may ... |
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| Blast Overpressure Studies with Animals and Man |
31 OCT 93 |
245 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel L. Johnson; John T. Yelverton; William Hicks; Roy Doyal; EG AND G INC ALBUQUERQUE NM
|
| Anesthetized sheep were exposed to explosions generated by the detonation of various weights of C-4 ranging in size from 57 to 1361 g in three different enclosures. The dimensions of the enclosures were 3.05 x 1.52 x 2.44 m, 3.05 x 2.44 x 2.44 m, and 4.88 x 3.05 x 2.44 m 'or 11.3, 18.2, and 36.3 m(3), respectively. The results from these experiments were used to establish an injury ... |
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| The Effects of Low-Altitude Aircraft on Mountain Sheep Heart Rate and Behavior |
JUL 93 |
148 pages |
| Authors:
Paul R. Krausman; Mark C. Wallace; Matthew J. Zine; Louis R. Berner; Charles L. Hayes; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON COLL OF MEDICINE
|
| We determined the influence of F-16 aircraft overflights on mountain sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni). We created an enclosure and calibrated the area for sound created by F-16 aircraft flying along the ridgeline, approximately 125 m above ground level. In 1990 we placed 12 mountain sheep in a 320-ha enclosure in the Desert National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada. We monitored their behavior for 1 year to ensure they were habituated to the ... |
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| The Effects of Low-Altitude Aircraft on Mountain Sheep Heart Rate and Behavior |
JUL 93 |
145 pages |
| Authors:
Paul R. Krausman; Mark C. Wallace; Matthew J. Zine; Louis R. Berner; Charles L. Hayes; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON COLL OF MEDICINE
|
| We determined the influence of F-16 aircraft overflights on mountain sheep (OVIS canadensis nelsoni). We created an enclosure and calibrated the area for sound created by F-16 aircraft flying along the ridgeline, approximately 125 m above ground level. In 1990 we placed 12 mountain sheep in a 320-ha enclosure in the Desert National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada. We monitored their behavior for 1 year to ensure they were habituated to the ... |
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| Effects of Simulated Aircraft Noise on Heart-Rate and Behavior of Desert Ungulates |
JUL 93 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Paul R. Krausman; Mark C. Wallace; Mara E. Weisenberger; Donald W. DeYoung; O. E. Maughan; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON
|
| We evaluated the effects of simulated low-altitude jet aircraft noise on the behavior and physiology of captive desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki) (n- 6) and mountain sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) (n -5). We measured heart rate, body temperature, and behavior in relation to ambient temperature, number of simulated overflights/day, and noise levels (range - 92-112 decibels (dB)) that the animals were exposed to. We compared heart rates during simulated ... |
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| Effects of Endotoxin Induced Lung Injury and Exercise in Goats/Sheep |
02 JUN 93 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas G. Mundie; TRIPLER ARMY MEDICAL CENTER HI
|
| This study was designed the effects of exercise performed on animals already injured with E. coli endotoxin. This would tell us whether exercise makes the lung injury worse. It would also tell us how much exercise performance is impaired. These studies were designed to give further insights into the underlying causes of acute lung injury. Premature termination of the study prevented completion of the research project. It appeared from the ... |
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| Utility of Methylene Blue for the Reversal of Excessive Levels of Methemoglobin |
13 MAY 1993 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
J. Vick; J. Von Bredow; L. Brown; A. Kaminskis; C. Bossone; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION ROCKVILLE MD
|
| Many new prophylactic and therapeutic compounds are being studied as potential sources of methemoglobin useful in counteracting the lethal effects of cyanide intoxication. The formation of methemoglobin also leads to a reduction in the blood oxygen carrying capacity which may, in extreme cases, lead to lethal consequences. The i.v. administration of Methylene blue rapidly reverses methemoglobin to hemoglobin. Unanticipated high levels of methemoglobin (65 - 85%) in three sheep exposed ... |
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| Ultrastructural Studies and Transendothelial Resistance of Phosgene-Exposed Endothelial Cells. |
13 MAY 1993 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Madren-Whalley; R. J. Werrlein; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) were grown on Millicell CM(TM) inserts pretreated with type IV collagen. Using these inserts we successfully produced contiguous sheets of cells that mimic in vivo organization of endothelial tissues. Ultrastructural details, obtained by transmission electron microscopy showed that the plasmalemma of adjacent cells were partially joined by tight junctions and overlapping end processes. They were also joined by compressed basal lamina which lined the ... |
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| Marked Differences in Drug-Induced Methemoglobinemia in Sheep are not Due to RBC Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Reduced Glutathione, or Methemoglobin Reductase Activity. |
13 MAY 1993 |
|
| Authors:
Dale G. Martin; Andrew T. Guertler; Michael S. Lagutchik; Claude L. Woodard JR.; Denise A. Leonard; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Benzocaine is a commonly used topical anesthetic that is structurally similar to current candidates for cyanide prophylaxis. Benzocaine induces profound methemoglobinemia in some sheep but not others. After topical benzocaine administration certain sheep respond to form MHb (elevated MHb 16-50% after a 56-280 mg dose, a 2-10 second spray with benzocine), while other phenotypically similar sheep fail to significantly form MHb (less than a 2% increase from baseline). Deficiencies in ... |
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| Phosgene Effects on F-Actin in Cells Grown from Pulmonary Tissues |
13 MAY 1993 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
R. J. Werrlein; J. Madren-Whalley; S. D. Kirby; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Confocal laser microscopy has been used to study the effects of phosgene on cells of the lung. Results suggest that the F-actin cytoskeleton is a molecular target and sensitive indicator of phosgene toxicity. Ovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells, exposed at 0.145 to 5.39 x LCT(50) for sheep (3300 ppm.min) showed dose response decreases in F-actin content. Doses of 0.145 and 0.265 LCT(50) caused a significant (p < .01) 25% and ... |
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| Crossover Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Atropine and Pralidoxime Chloride in Sheep Using Different Autoinjector Delivery Systems. |
13 MAY 1993 |
|
| Authors:
C. T. Olson; R. G. Menton; R. C. Kiser; D. W. Hobson; T. H. Snider; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| A study was performed at Battelle's Medical Research and Evaluation Facility to compare pharmacokinetics of atropine and pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) in sheep following intramuscular injection with four different autoinjector systems. The experiment was a crossover study, with each of eight sheep receiving atropine and 2-PAM delivered by each of the four autoinjector systems with at least a one-week washout period between injections. The study used a Latin squares design balanced ... |
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| Benzocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia Attributed to Topical Application of the Anesthetic in Several Laboratory Animal Species |
1993 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Judith A. Davis; Randall E. Greenfield; Thomas G. Brewer; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| Case reports of benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia following application of topical anesthetics have been noted for man, cats, dogs, and sheep. Elevated levels of methemoglobin (MHb) could be a possible confounding variable for several types of experimental studies. We designed a screening study using a common topical benzocaine-containing anesthetics. Response to benzocaine spray occurred in most individuals tested, with response peaking between 15 and 30 min after dosing. A positive MHb response ... |
|
| The Endemic Infectious Diseases of Somalia |
1993 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
III. Oldfield Edward C.; Guenael R. Rodier; Gregory C. Gray; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH UNIT NO 3 CAIRO (EGYPT) DEPT OF MEDICAL ZOOLOGY
|
| The endemic infectious diseases of Somalia have already had and will continue to have - a profound impact on the local population. Diarrhea, measles, and malaria will continue to be major causes of mortality in displaced populations. The impact of these diseases on military; and civilian humanitarians is more unpredictable and will depend largely on the degree of adherence to preventive measures and on the local prevalence of vectors and ... |
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| Effects of Epinephrine, Phenoxybenzamine and Propranolol on Maximal Exercise in Sheep |
OCT 1992 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas G. Mundie; Adolph J. Januszkiewica; Gary R. Ripple; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC DIV OF MEDICINE
|
| The effect of sympathomimetic epinephrine (10 ug/kg, i.v.), beta- adrenergic antagonist propranolol (0.2 mg/kg, i.v.) and alpha-adrenergic antagonist phenoxybenzamine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) on maximal exercise in normal sheep was investigated. Maximal exercise in control sheep showed a mean maximum oxygen consumption (VO2) of 47.6 + or - 6.7 ml O2/min/kg. Maximum VO2 after pretreatment with epinephrine, 51.6 + or - 8.7 ml O2/min/kg, was not significantly different from control. Maximum ... |
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| The Effects of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) and a PAF Antagonist (CV-3988) on Smoke Inhalation Injury in an Ovine Model, |
MAR 1992 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Hisashi Ikeuchi; Tsutomu Sakano; Jose Sanchez; Arthur D. Mason Jr.; Basil A. Pruitt Jr; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAMHOUSTON TX
|
| The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in inhalation injury was studied in sheep, using CV-3988, a PAF antagonist. Following smoke exposure, 15 sheep were divided into three groups of five. Group I animals were untreated; group 11 animals were treated with CV-3988 before and after exposure; group III animals were treated only after exposure. In group I, platelet and WBC counts were markedly changed within 6 hours (p < 0.05); ... |
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| The Effect of Climatic Change on Farming and Soil Erosion in Southern Greenland During the Last Thousand Years, |
MAR 1992 |
|
| Authors:
Bjarne H. Jakobsen; COPENHAGEN UNIV (DENMARK)
|
| Soil studies in low-arctic South Greenland often reveal polysequence soil profiles. The study of these soils, dating of fossil surface horizons, study of land use, and use of paleoclimatic information from studies of ice cores show a complex interplay between climatic change, soil erosion and agricultural land use. Two periods of agricultural land use are known in Greenland. From A.D. 985 to about 1450 Norsemen settled in Greenland, and about ... |
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| Arbovirus Isolations from Mosquitoes Collected During 1988 in the Senegal River Basin |
1992 |
|
| Authors:
Scott W. Gordon; Ralph F. Tammariello; Kenneth J. Linthicum; David J. Dohm; J. P. Digoutte; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD DEPT OF ARBOVIARAL ENTOMOLOGY
|
| During August and September 1988, we collected adult mosquitoes from 14 locations in the Senegal River basin to search for evidence of Rift Valley fever (RVF) viral activity one year after the 1987 outbreak, which occurred along the Senegal-Mauritania border. More than 62,000 specimens representing 18 species in seven genera were collected with carbon dioxide-baited, solid-state Army miniature light traps and sheep-baited traps. Twenty virus isolations from Culex, Aedes, and ... |
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| Effects of Clindamycin on Adherence of Clostridium difficile to Human Embryonic Intestinal Cells |
NOV 91 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Sheila J. Wood; H. P. Dalton; V. Mumaw; CHEMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| An in vitro assay system, consisting of monolayers of human embryonic intestinal cells (HEI) and Clostridium difficile, was used to observe cell surface and cytoplasmic interactions. Microorganism test conditions include toxin B positive ( 938) and toxin B negative ( 789) strains, each harvested from standard sheep blood agar (SBA), casamino acids agar (CAS), and CAS containing subinhibitory concentrations of clindamycin (CAS-CL). Effects of toxin B were seen when organisms ... |
|
| Ecology and Epidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Transmission in the Republic of Senegal |
OCT 1991 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Mark L. Wilson; Jean-Pierre Digoutte; INSTITUT PASTEUR DAKAR (SENEGAL)
|
| Progress continued during the fourth year of studies on the ecology of tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in the West African savannah. Prospective observations of tick and virus activity were maintained in northern Senegal to describe the seasonal activity of vector ticks. Adult tick abundance was low relative to previous years; seroconversion of sheep was correspondingly diminished. Immature ticks on small mammals and birds were most abundant during and ... |
|
| Investigation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Greece |
19 AUG 91 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Antonios Antoniadis; ARISTOTELIAN UNIV OF THESSALONIKI (GREECE) SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
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| During a 3 year and 2 month period, from April 1987 to June 1990, 3, 067 human sere were tested for antibody to Hantaan and C-CHF viruses. The overall antibody prevalence rate was found to be 3,0% and 1,8% respectively. Animal serosurveys were conducted for antibody to C-CHF virus (goats and sheep) and for antibody to Hantaan virus (small mammals). The overall antibody prevalence rate was found 3.8% and 2,8% ... |
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| Further Evaluation of a Mutagen-Attenuated Rift Valley Fever Vaccine in Sheep |
JAN 91 |
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| Authors:
J. C. Morrill; L. Carpenter; D. Taylor; H. H. Ramsburg; J. Quance; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
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| The outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVP) in Egypt in 1977 was the first reported occurrence of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) outside sub-Saharan Africa. This epidemic emphasized the role of RVFV as a significant human pathogen and established the virus as a potential worldwide threat to human and livestock populations. Concern over further dissemination of the virus has prompted efforts to develop improved vaccines, as available formalin-inactivated and live-attenuated ... |
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| The Morphology of Smoke Inhalation Injury in Sheep, |
1991 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Gene B. Hubbard; Paulette C. Langlinais; Takeshi Shimazu; Carlin V. Okerberg; Arthur D. Mason; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAMHOUSTON TX
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| Pulmonary injury resulting from inhalation of chemical and particulate products of incomplete combustion is one of the principal determinants of mortality following burn injury. In this study, the histopathology of inhalation injury was examined in sheep. Mild, moderate, or severe smoke injury was produced in anesthetized sheep by insufflation with various doses of ambient temperature smoke, generated by burning polyethylene, wood pulp, and nonwoven cellulose pads. A total of 64 ... |
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| Agents Which Mediate Pulmonary Edema |
DEC 90 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Frederick Glauser; MEDICAL COLL OF VIRGINIA RICHMOND DEPT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
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| The work described in this report has focused on delineating various approaches to understanding mechanisms of pathological changes leading to pulmonary edema. Baseline parameters were determined for the sheep lung fistula model. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on 100 sheep and alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained by this method were used for 7 functional baseline studies. Isolated rat lung was used for perfusion studies. Isolated sheep lung perfusion studies were unsuccessful; ... |
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| Ecology and Epidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Transmission in the Republic of Senegal |
MAY 1990 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Mark L. Wilson; Jean-Pierre Digoutte; INSTITUT PASTEUR DAKAR (SENEGAL)
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| Further progress is reported for the third year of a project to study the transmission ecology of tick borne Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus in the West African savannah. Prospective observations in northern Senegal were continued to describe the seasonal activity of potential vector ticks. Adult tick abundance was low relative to previous years and immature ticks feeding on small mammals and birds were most abundant during or after ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
SHEEP
