| Integrated Studies of Oceanographic Processes and Shallow Water Acoustics in the South China Sea: Custom Climatology and Mid-Shelf Field Work |
28-Dec-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Glen G Gawarkiewicz; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
 | We performed a custom climatology of the northern South China Sea, Taiwan Strait, and the Kuroshio east of Taiwan using the historical hydrographic archives of Taiwan. This work was performed jointly with scientists at National Taiwan University. The climatology focuses on the thermohaline and soundspeed fields over the outer shelf and continental slope and are seasonal. Important features which were resolved were the shelfbreak current system in the northern South ... |
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| Wave Overtopping of a Barrier Beach |
Sep-2009 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Natalie A Laudier; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
 | An ephemeral river is a seasonal river that flows into the ocean, forming an inlet at certain times of the year, and the river is blocked by a barrier beach that usually forms a lagoon during the rest of the year. Ephemeral rivers are important for both military and civilian communities because these areas are susceptible to rapid, unpredictable flooding and beach breaching. Wave overtopping of barrier beaches is the ... |
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| Fin Whales in the Mediterranean Sea: Habitat Identification and Oceanographic Characterization |
Jun-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce R Mate; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS
|
| This project identified the seasonal distribution and movements of fin whales in the Mediterranean Sea with satellite-monitored radio tags in relation to environmental parameters: sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration, current movement, primary production and prey abundance in collaboration with the laboratory of Dr. Christophe Guinet. By comparing these movements with the environmental parameters, a better understanding of fin whale ecology will be possible. The telemetry information will enable collaborators to ... |
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| Monitoring Cetaceans in the North Pacific |
Apr-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Kathleen M Stafford; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| Two projects were undertaken to monitor cetaceans in the North Pacific. The first was designed to obtain passive acoustic data from the U.S. Navy's Northern Edge Range. Three instruments were deployed in April 2008 to monitor both high (up to 25 kHz) and low (up to 1 kHz) frequencies for odontocetes and mysticetes, respectively. Unfortunately, these instruments did not record any data. The second project was to analyze retrospective data ... |
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| Radar Observations of Turbulence Using MST and FMCW Radar (BRIEFING CHARTS) |
09-Mar-2009 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Frank D Eaton; Gregory D Nastrom; NASTROM CONSULTING LLC SAINT CLOUD MN
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| Radar observation of turbulence using MST and FMCW radar. |
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| Quantifying SST Errors from an OGCM in Relation to Atmospheric Forcing Variables |
03-Mar-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Harley E Hurlburt; Alan J Wallcraft; A B Kara; Wei-Yin Loh; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The relationship between various atmospheric variables at the sea surface and climatological monthly means of sea surface temperature (SST) is investigated over the global ocean. The goal is to quantify the change in SST that results solely from variations in a particular atmospheric variable. This is accomplished using a series of numerical simulations from an atmospherically-forced ocean general circulation model (OGCM). It is first demonstrated that SST variations at all ... |
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| A Computational Tool for Evaluating THz Imaging Performance in Brownout Conditions at Land Sites Throughout the World |
Mar-2009 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Seth L Marek; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This study quantifies terahertz (THz) or sub-millimeter imaging performance during simulated rotary-wing brownout or whiteout environments based on geographic location and recent/current atmospheric weather conditions. The atmospheric conditions are defined through the Air Force Institute of Technology Center for Directed Energy (AFIT/CDE) Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference or LEEDR model. This model enables the creation of vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content, optical turbulence, and atmospheric particulates ... |
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| Development Strategy for Effective Sampling to Detect Possible Nutrient Fluxes in Oligotrophic Coastal Reef Waters in the Caribbean |
Jan-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
W G Mendoza; R G Zika; J E Corredor; J S Morrel; D Ko; C N Mooers; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The stress contributed by nutrients to the coral reef ecosystem is among many problems that may be resolved using the coastal ocean observing system developed by various institutions. Traditional nutrient sampling has been inadequate to resolve issues on episodic nutrient fluxes in reef regions due spatial variability. This paper illustrates sampling strategy using COOS information to identify areas that need critical investigation. The area investigated the Puerto Rico subdomain. Nutrient ... |
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| An Analysis of Clear Sky and Contextual Biases Using an Operational Over Ocean MODIS Aerosol Product |
Jan-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Jianglong Zhang; Jeffrey S Reid; NORTH DAKOTA UNIV GRAND FORKS
|
| Clear sky and other cloud-related contextual biases are critical yet unsolved mysteries for aerosol related climatological studies using satellite observations. For the first time, we simulated contextual biases over ocean using 2-years of Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) products that include the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) assimilation. We compared model-derived AOD in regions with and without observations, and found that sampling results in ... |
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| Seasonal Distribution, Biology, and Human Attraction Patterns of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Rural Village and Adjacent Forested Site Near Iquitos, Peru |
Nov-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Roberto Fernandez; Faustino Carbajal; Michael J Turell; James W Jones; Terry A Klein; James E Pecor; Michael R Sardelis; Douglas M Watts; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD VIROLOGY DIV
|
| This study was conducted as part of a field-ecology study of arboviral and malarial activity in the Amazon Basin, Loreto Department, Peru, to determine the relative abundance, species diversity, and seasonal and vertical distributions of potential mosquito vectors. Mosquitoes were captured either by volunteers using mouth aspirators while mosquitoes attempted to land on the collectors or in dry ice-baited ABC light traps. Anopheles darlingi, the principal malaria vector in the ... |
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| U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices |
12-Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
James K Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Petroleum prices have continued to rise sharply in 2008, at one time reaching more than $140 per barrel of crude oil. At the same time the average monthly volume of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energy-related petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. This rising cost added an estimated $50 ... |
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| Model P Wave Multipathing at Regional Distances in Southeast Asia |
09-Jun-2008 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
Keith D Koper; Ali Fatehi; SAINT LOUIS UNIV MO DEPT OF EARTH AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| This report describes our analysis of seismograms recorded by the medium aperture array in Chiang Mai, Thailand (CMAR). There are two main topics covered in the report. One relates to array analysis of noise recorded over a ten year period. We document the directional characteristics of the noise as well as the seasonal variation in its amplitude. Most of this work is described in the appendix. The second topic involves ... |
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| Indian Ocean Surface Circulations and Their Connection to Indian Ocean Dipole, Identified From Ocean Surface Currents Analysis Real Time (OSCAR) Data |
01-Jun-2008 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
Haris S Rana; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Ocean surface circulation is an essential component of the world climate system. In this study the Ocean Surface Currents Analysis - Real Time (OSCAR) data, derived from satellite altimeter and scatterometer is used to investigate the connection between the Indian Ocean Dipole and eastward equatorial jet. The raw OSCAR data set was refined using the Optimal Spectral Decomposition method (OSD). Data was analyzed to show the seasonal variability of the ... |
|
| Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 15, Number 5, June 2008 |
Jun-2008 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Steven Tobler; Mark V Rubertone; John F Brundage; Robert F DeFraites; Ellen Wertheimer; ARMED FORCES HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Throughout history, military populations have been at high risk of acute respiratory illnesses. In the U.S. military, acute respiratory illnesses are leading causes of hospitalizations and ambulatory visits of service members. Upper respiratory infectious illnesses are extremely common among U.S. service members, particularly among recruits and during fall-winter cold and influenza seasons. Upper respiratory illnesses are among the leading causes of medical encounters and limited duty dispositions of service members. ... |
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| Morphodynamic Modeling of Tidal Mud Flats |
30-May-2008 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Johan C Winterwerp; DELFT HYDRAULICS (NETHERLANDS)
|
| The objective of the current research proposal is to develop and test a numerical model to simulate and predict the seasonal morphodynamic evolution of intertidal mud flats in macrotidal environments at high suspended sediment concentrations at the spatial scale of such flats. Our 2007 approach consists of participating in the Phase I - Project Planning workshops to prepare the Phase II - Detailed Studies part of the mudflat project. Our ... |
|
| Long-Range Statistical Forecasting of Korean Summer Precipitation |
MAR 2008 |
145 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Tournay Robert C.; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| We examined long-range statistical forecasting methods for Korean summer precipitation (KSP). We reviewed existing literature on the East Asian summer monsoon to develop a background on current KSP research and on the relationship of KSP to climate variations. Second, we explored interannual variability of KSP using composite and correlation analyses. We found that circulation anomalies in the spring prior to the monsoon in the tropical northwest Pacific alter sea surface ... |
|
| U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices |
15 JAN 2008 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Petroleum prices have risen sharply since early 2005. At the same time the average monthly volume of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energy-related petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. This rising cost added an estimated $70 billion to the nation's trade deficit in 2005 and $50 billion in 2006. ... |
|
| Characteristics of Thermal Finestructure in the Southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from Airborne Expendable Bathythermograph Measurements |
01-Jan-2008 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Sunghyea Park; Peter C Chu; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| Four surveys of airborne expendable bathythermograph with horizontal spacing of about 35 km and vertical spacing of 1 m extending from the surface down to 400 m deep are used to analyze thermal finestructures and their seasonality in frontal zones of the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Finestructure characteristics are different not only among fronts but also along the same front, implying different mixing mechanisms. Summer thermocline ... |
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| Atmospheric Effects on Winter SO2 Pollution in Lanzhou China |
01-Jan-2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Yuchun Chen; Shihua Lu; Peter C Chu; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA NAVAL OCEAN ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION LAB
|
| Lanzhou is one of the most polluted cities in China SO2 concentration has evident seasonal variability It is generally within the second-level criterion (< 0.15 mg m sub-3) in spring, summer, and fall, but is much higher than the second-level criterion and sometimes reaches mid level pollution (API > 200) in winter Meteorological conditions (low winds, stable stratification) are found to be important for the SO2 pollution Observational and modeling ... |
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| Air-Sea Fluxes and River Discharges in the Black Sea With a Focus on the Danube and Bosphorus |
Jan-2008 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Harley E Hurlburt; Alan J Wallcraft; A B Kara; E V Stanev; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Climatological variations in the Black Sea thermal and haline buoyancy fluxes are investigated. Analyses are performed to determine the relative contributions to net buoyancy flux from thermal and haline sources. In the Black Sea salinity is increased by Bosphorus and decreased by precipitation and the inflow from six major rivers. Monthly means of the latter are investigated in some detail. The effects of the two types of buoyancy flux are ... |
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| Remote Monitoring of Dolphins and Whales in the High Naval Activity Areas in Hawaiian Waters |
Jan-2008 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Whitlow W Au; HAWAII INST OF MARINE BIOLOGY KANEOHE
|
| The axiom that knowledge is power applies directly to the problems experienced by the U.S. Navy in encountering dolphins and whales. If the Navy had more knowledge of the what, where, when and why of marine mammals in a given body of water, encounters between Naval vessels and marine mammals could be reduced or avoided all together. However, the cost of negative encounters is disproportionately high in terms of negative ... |
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| Satellite and Ground-Based Observations of Auroral Energy Deposition and the Effects on Thermospheric Composition During Large Geomagnetic Storms: 1. Great Geomagnetic Storm of 20 November 2003 |
2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
J. H. Hecht; T. Mulligan; D. J. Strickland; A. J. Kochenash; Y. Murayama; Y.-M Tanaka; D. S. Evans; M. G. Conde; E. F. Donovan; F. J. Rich; D. MORRISON; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| The great geomagnetic storm of 20-21 November 2003 was associated with the passage of magnetic cloud past the earth. The changes in thermospheric composition and particle precipitation are compared to those observed during geomagnetic activity on 17 November 2003, and during the intervening quieter period. We used data from (1) ground-based magnetometers, an imaging riometer, a scanning Doppler imaging Fabry-Perot, and photometers from stations in Alaska (2) photometers from Canadian ... |
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| Wind Stress Drag Coefficient over the Global Ocean |
01 DEC 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Ahmet B. Kara; Alan J. Wallcraft; E. J. Metzger; Harley E. Hurlburt; Chris Fairall; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Interannual and climatological variations of wind stress drag coefficient are examined over the global ocean from 1998 to 2004. Here CD is calculated using high temporal resolution (3- and 6-hourly) surface atmospheric variables from two datasets: 1 )the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and 2) the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System. The stability-dependent CD algorithm applied to both datasets gives almost identical values over ... |
|
| Distributed Beamforming in Man Portable Communication Networks |
DEC 2007 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
Chun Man Chan; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The advancement in communication and networking technologies lead to the emergence of network centric systems adopted by military forces. Many military forces around the world are equipping their ground soldiers with man portable or mobile wireless communication devices to form a local communication network as part of the overarching communication network for information warfare. In a non-line of sight environment, the devices communication range to the base station degrades significantly. ... |
|
| Baleen Whale Acoustic Activity in the North Pacific: Historical Analysis and Current Occurrence |
DEC 2007 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Kathleen M. Stafford; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| Unclassified historic acoustic data were used to examine long time scale changes in the seasonal and geographic occurrence of large whales in the Pacific and to correlate these changes with oceanographic variables such as sea surface temperature, chlorophyll alpha, etc. Distribution of northeastern Pacific blue whales (as indicated by the numbers of their calls), while insignificantly related to SST, did show a clear seasonal pattern both to chl alpha concentration ... |
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| A Smart Climatology of Evaporation Duct Height and Surface Radar Propagation in the Indian Ocean |
SEP 2007 |
159 pages |
| Authors:
Katherine L. Twigg; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Surface electromagnetic propagation over the ocean is highly sensitive to near-surface atmospheric variability, particularly the height of the evaporation duct. Seasonal variation in near-surface metrological factors and sea surface temperatures impact the evaporation duct height (EDH). Present U.S. Navy EDH climatology is based on sparse ship observations over a relatively short time period and an outdated evaporation duct (ED) model. This EDH climatology does not utilize smart, or modern, climatology ... |
|
| A Determination of Air-Sea Gas Exchange and Upper Ocean Biological Production From Five Noble Gases and Tritiugenic Helium-3 |
SEP 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Rachel H.R Stanley; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| The five noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) are biologically and chemically inert, making them ideal oceanographic tracers. Additionally, the noble gases have a wide range of solubilities and molecular diffusivities, and thus respond differently to physical forcing. Tritium, an isotope of hydrogen, is useful in tandem with its daughter helium-3 as a tracer for water mass ages. In this thesis, a fourteen month time-series of the five ... |
|
| Ocean Circulation and Dynamics on the West Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf |
SEP 2007 |
189 pages |
| Authors:
Carlos F. Varas; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE JOINT PROGRAM IN APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| Observations of current velocity, temperature, salinity and pressure from a 2-year moored array deployment and four hydrographic cruises conducted by the United States Southern Ocean GLOBEC program on the western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf are used to characterize the ocean circulation and its connection to fresh water and heat fluxes on the shelf. Mean velocities on the shelf are of the order of 5 cm/s or less. Tidal motions are ... |
|
| Cross-Shelf Circulation and Momentum and Heat Balances Over the Inner Continental Shelf Near Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts |
SEP 2007 |
268 pages |
| Authors:
Melanie R. Fewings; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE JOINT PROGRAM IN APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| The water circulation and evolution of water temperature over the inner continental shelf are investigated using observations of water velocity, temperature, density, and bottom pressure; surface gravity waves; wind stress; and heat flux between the ocean and atmosphere during 2001-2007. When waves are small, cross-shelf wind stress is the dominant mechanism driving cross-shelf circulation. The along-shelf wind stress does not drive a substantial cross- shelf circulation. The response to a ... |
|
| Automated Validation of Satellite Derived Coastal Optical Products |
AUG 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Paul Lyon; Robert Arnone; Richard Gould; ZhongPing Lee; Paul Martinolich; Sherwin Ladner; Brandon Casey; H. Sosik; D. Vandemark; H. Feng; R. Morrison; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Automated validation methods and a suite of tools have been developed in a Quality Control Center to analyze the stability and uncertainty of satellite ocean products. The automatic procedures analyze match-ups of near real time coastal bio-optical observations from Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) with satellite-derived ocean color products from MODIS Aqua and Terra, SeaWIFS, Ocean Color Monitor, and MERIS. These tools will be used to compare MVCO in situ ... |
|
| Geochemistry of Slow-Growing Corals: Reconstructing Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity and the North Atlantic Oscillation |
JUN 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Nathalie F. Goodkin; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| A 225-year old coral from the south-shore of Bermuda (64CW, 32CN) provides a record of decadal-to-centennial scale climate variability. The high accretion rates, longevity, and skeletal growth bands found in coral skeletons make them an ideal resource for well-dated, seasonal climate reconstructions. Coral skeletons incorporate strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) in relative proportions inversely to the sea surface temperature (SST) in which the skeleton is secreted. Delta(exp 18)O of the ... |
|
| A Satellite Based Fog Study of the Korean Peninsula |
JUN 2007 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
David K. McDonald; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Fog has always been a difficult phenomenon to forecast. Its unpredictable nature and propensity to quickly decrease visibilities have had adverse effects on military operations for many years across the Korean peninsula. It is particularly difficult to prepare forecasts or plan operations for remote locations with limited fog detection ability. For detection at night, over large areas, and in remote locations, satellite observations are the best solution. This thesis used ... |
|
| U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices |
30 MAY 2007 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Petroleum prices have risen sharply since early 2005. At the same time, the average level of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energy-related petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. This rising cost added an estimated $70 billion to the nation's trade deficit in 2005 and $50 billion in 2006. Imported ... |
|
| Visual Detection of Land Mines |
APR 2007 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Kristin M. Schweitzer; Andrew S. Bodenhamer; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
|
| The objective of this study was to identify indicators that enable the visual location of buried land mines. Four trained visual combat trackers each searched four 15-meter-long mine training lanes for visual indicators of buried mine simulants. Each mine simulant at the Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, site gave some visual indicator that caused a tracker to mark it as a mine. Indicators included sub-strata stones, color changes, surface cracks, depressions, ... |
|
| Shallow Water Environmental Profiler in Trawl-Resistant Real-Time Configuration (SEPTR) Used for Frontal Dynamics Research |
APR 2007 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey W. Book; Michel Rixen; Alessandro Carta; Mark S. Hulbert; Andrew J. Quaid; Emanuel Coelho; Vittorio Grandi; Lavinio Gualdesi; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| During both a winter and summer period of 2006, SEPTR moorings were used for real-time monitoring of velocity, temperature, salinity, waves, and optics in a dynamic frontal zone of the central Adriatic Sea. From the trawl-resistant, barnacle-like shaped SEPTR housings, velocities were measured acoustically. Other water column parameters were measured four times a day through a CTD profiler that was released to the surface and winched back into the protective ... |
|
| Long-Range Operational Military Forecasts for Iraq |
MAR 2007 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher M. Hanson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The military weather community is mandated by the Department of Defense (DoD) to provide accurate, timely, and reliable meteorological information necessary for commanders to exploit the best windows of opportunity for operations. In order to meet this mandate, the military must apply state-of-the-art longrange forecasting techniques. This study was motivated by the need for long-range forecasts for mission planning in Iraq. To develop these forecasts, we tested and adapted composite ... |
|
| Holes: Ionospheric Scintillation, GPS and Imputation |
MAR 2007 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Robert A. Steenburgh; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT/DEPT OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS
|
| Ionospheric scintillation of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals threatens navigation and military operations by degrading performance or making GPS unavailable. Scintillation is particularly active, although not limited to, a belt encircling the earth within +/- 20 degrees of the geomagnetic equator. This belt also hosted roughly half of the completed U.S. military operations in the last decade. The authors examined scintillation data from Ascension Island, United Kingdom, and Ancon, Peru, ... |
|
| Evaluation of HYCOM in the Kuroshio Extension Region Using New Metrics |
18 JAN 2007 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Kathryn A. Kelly; LuAnne Thompson; Wei Cheng; E. J. Metzger; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| A high resolution (0.08 deg at equator) Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulation is evaluated using observations for the period 1993-2003 for a western Pacific region containing the Kuroshio Extension (KE) (25-45 deg N and 135-180 deg E). Comparisons are made for the KE path and strength and for the upper ocean heat budget. The mean strength and path agree well with observations, except near the KE separation point, where ... |
|
| U.S. GODAE: Sustained Global Ocean State Estimation for Scientific and Practical Application |
01-Jan-2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Carl Wunsch; Ichiro Fukumori; Tong Lee; Dimitris Menemenlis; Michele Rienecker; Rui Ponte; David W Behringer; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF EARTH ATMOSPHERIC AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
|
| This consortium project is attempting to use all existing ocean observations, including satellite data, for the purpose of understanding and ultimately predicting, the ocean on climate time-scales. To this end it is advancing ocean state estimation as a practical, quasi-operational tool, for studying the ocean circulation and its influence on societal problems such as climate change, sea level rise, and biological impacts. Observing the ocean is difficult owing to its ... |
|
| A Long-Term Comparison of GPS Carrierphase Frequency Transfer and Two-Way Satellite Time/Frequency Transfer |
01 JAN 2007 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Christine Hackman; Judah Levine; Thomas E. Parker; JOINT INST FOR LAB ASTROPHYSICS BOULDER CO
|
| GPS carrier-phase frequency transfer (GPSCPFT) and two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) were performed along three transatlantic links over the 6-month period 29 January 31 July 2006. The GPSCPFT and TWSTFT results were subtracted in order to estimate the combined uncertainty of the methods. The frequency values obtained from GPSCPFT and TWSTFT agreed at 1.8 to 3.8 10(exp-16) RMS for averaging times of 30 d, with no single value ... |
|
| Coastal Inlets of Texas, USA |
2007 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Nicholas C. Kraus; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
|
| Presently, 16-17 permanent inlets connect the inland coastal waterways and rivers to the Gulf of Mexico on the 560-km long coast of Texas. Processes controlling inlet stability in Texas are typically more complex than those acting on the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean coasts of the United States, where the astronomical tide dominates. The tide on the Texas coast is predominantly or fully diurnal and with small range; however, the large ... |
|
| Sedimentation Patterns in a Stabilized Migratory Inlet, Blind Pass, Florida |
2007 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Ping Wang; David K. Tidwell; Tanya M. Beck; Nicholas C. Kraus; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA TAMPA
|
| The shoaling rate in Blind Pass entrance channel approximately equals the net southward longshore sediment transport rate. Most of the shoaling occurs along the northern side of the channel. Flow measurements and numerical modeling reveal that the ebb current is approximately twice as strong in the thalweg along the south side as compared to the rest of the channel. In contrast, the flood current is mainly uniform across the inlet ... |
|
| Morphologic Response to a New Inlet, Packery Channel, Corpus Christi, Texas |
2007 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Deidre D. Williams; Nicholas C. Kraus; Carl M. Anderson; TEXAS A AND M UNIV CORPUS CHRISTI TX
|
| In Jul 2005, Packery Channel was opened by Hurricane Emily during the second year of its construction. This inlet connects Corpus Christi Bay and Upper Laguna Madre to the Gulf of Mexico, and it is the first artificially cut inlet in Texas in 17 years. The inlet has remained open and navigable for shallow-draft recreational boats despite construction delays, and its parallel dual jetties were completed in Sep 2006. A ... |
|
| U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices |
13 DEC 2006 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Petroleum prices have risen sharply since early 2005. At the same time, the average level of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energy-related petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. This rising cost added an estimated $70 billion to the nation's trade deficit in 2005 and could add another $60 to ... |
|
| Analysis and Modeling Using Multi-Year Satellite Observations in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean Seas |
DEC 2006 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Kathryn Kelly; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| Our objective was to understand how upper ocean processes, such as internal waves, seasonal-to-interannual variations of the circulation, eddy variability, SST, and wind forcing in the Aegean Sea affect mixing and temperature in the upper ocean. An analysis of modeled and observed sea surface temperatures was submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans in October 2006 and is under review (abstract below). In addition, comparisons between the buoy ... |
|
| U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices |
14 NOV 2006 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Petroleum prices have risen sharply since early 2004. At the same time, the average level of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energy-related petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. This rising cost added an estimated $70 billion to the nation's trade deficit in 2005 and could add $80-$100 billion in ... |
|
| Analytical and Observational Studies of Internal Solitary Waves in the Yellow Sea |
NOV 2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
M. Teixeira; A. Warn-Varnas; J. Apel; J. Hawkins; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| This article presents findings regarding the origination & evolution of a large train of internal solitary waves as observed through Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The internal wave train under study propagates into deeper waters away from the coast & most important appears to be generated at a well defined point along a steep topographic variation. The shallow bottom topography revealed itself in the SAR image & provided the opportunity to ... |
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| U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices |
13 OCT 2006 |
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| Authors:
James K. Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Petroleum prices have risen sharply since early 2004. At the same time, the average level of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energy-related petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. This rising cost added an estimated $70 billion to the nation's trade deficit in 2005 and could add $85-$100 billion in ... |
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| Biological Structure and Seasonality in the Japan/East Sea |
SEP 2006 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Carin Ashijan; Robert A. Arnone; Cabell Davis; Burton Jones; Mati Kahru; Craig Lee; B. G. Mitchell; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The Japan/East Sea (JES) contains several oceanic regions separated by dynamic boundaries. These distinct regions and the physicals feature that establish and maintain the boundaries between the regions have significant impacts on its ocean biology. Until recently, most studies of the biology of the JES have focused on nearshore regions, with few detailed studies of the interior of the JES or the dynamic features that define the different regions. In ... |
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| U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices |
09 JUN 2006 |
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| Authors:
James K. Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Petroleum prices have risen sharply since early 2004. At the same time, the average level of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energy-related petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. This rising cost added an estimated $70 billion to the nation's trade deficit in 2005 and could add $80-$100 billion in ... |
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SEASONAL VARIATIONS
