| 5-AED Enhances Survival of Irradiated Mice in a G-CSF-Dependent Manner, Stimulates Innate Immune Cell Function, Reduces Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Induces Genes that Modulate Cell Cycle Progression and Apoptosis |
22 Jul 2012 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Marcy B Grace; Vijay K Singh; Juong G Rhee; III Jackson William E; Tzu-Cheg Kao; Mark H Whitnall; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
 | The steroid androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol (5-androstenediol, 5-AED) elevates circulating granulocytes and platelets in animals and humans, and enhances survival during the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in mice and non-human primates. 5-AED promotes survival of irradiated human hematopoietic progenitors in vitro through induction of Nuclear Factor-kappaBeta (NFkappaBeta)-dependent Granulocyte Colony- Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) expression, and causes elevations of circulating G-CSF and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, the in vivo cellular and molecular effects of 5-AED are ... |
|
| Autophagy-Mediated Defense Response of Mouse Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) to Challenge with Escherichia coli |
Mar 2012 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
N V Gorbunov; B R Garrison; M Zhai; D P McDaniel; G D Ledney; T B Elliott; J G Kiang; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
| Symbiotic microorganisms are spatially separated from their animal host, e.g., in the intestine and skin, in a manner enabling nutrient metabolism as well as evolutionary development of protective physiologic features in the host such as innate and adaptive immunity, immune tolerance, and function of tissue barriers . The major interface barrier between the microbiota and host tissue is constituted by epithelium reticuloendothelial tissue, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) . Traumatic ... |
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| Tumor Phagocytes Promote Breast Cancer Invasion and Metastasis |
14 OCT 2010 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Raymond B. Birge; UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY NEWARK
|
| The origins of the invasive and metastatic phenotypes of breast carcinoma cells is a central unresolved question in cancer biology. Whereas some current ideas suggest that metastatic phenotypes are cell-autonomous lesions specified by the genomes of cancer cells, other views propose that metastatic traits are acquired through exposure of epithelial cells to paracrine signals from the tumor-associated microenvironment. The major hypothesis in this DOD concept application is that phagocytosis of ... |
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| Macrolide Antibiotics Improve Phagocytic Capacity and Reduce Inflammation In Sulfur Mustard-Exposed Monocytes |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Radharaman Ray; Prabhati Ray; Xiugong Gao; Yan Xiao; Keiko Ishida; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Sulfur mustard (SM) inhalation causes apoptosis and death of airway epithelial cells as well as inflammation in the airway. Efficient clearance of the cell debris by alveolar macrophages (AMs) is necessitated to reduce the inflammation. Macrolide antibiotics have been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties by modulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, and by improving macrophage functions. The present study investigated the effects of four FDA-approved macrolide antibiotics, namely ... |
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| Prion Transport to Secondary Lymphoreticular Tissues |
01-Jun-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Jason C Bartz; CREIGHTON UNIV OMAHA NE
|
| The long-term objective of this proposal is to identify mechanisms of prion transport to secondary lymphoreticular system (LRS) tissues. The hypothesis to be tested is that following peripheral exposure to prions; host proteins (e.g. complement) bind prions allowing for trapping by cells in the spleen and enhancing uptake by macrophages which are cells that are responsible for destruction of foreign proteins. To investigate this hypothesis we will examine the disease ... |
|
| Poly-gamma-Glutamate Capsule-Degrading Enzyme Treatment Enhances Phagocytosis and Killing of Encapsulated Bacillus Anthracis |
14 OCT 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Angelo Scorpio; Donald J. Chabot; William A. Day; David K. O'Brien; Nicholas J. Vietri; Yoshifumi Itoh; Mansour Mohamadzadeh; Arthur Friedlander; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| The poly gamma-D-glutamic acid capsule confers antiphagocytic properties on Bacillus anthracis and is essential for virulence. In this study, we showed that two recombinant glutamylases: CapD, a gamma-polyglutamic acid depolymerase encoded on the B. anthracis capsule plasmid, and PghP, a gamma-polyglutamic acid hydrolase encoded by bacteriophage Phi, NIT1, degraded purified capsule and removed the capsule from the surface of anthrax bacilli. Treatment with CapD or PghP induced macrophage phagocytosis of ... |
|
| Non-Invasive Gene Therapy of Experimental Parkinson's Disease |
SEP 2006 |
130 pages |
| Authors:
William M. Pardridge; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES
|
| The present research has developed a non-viral gene targeting technology, whereby the effects of a neurotoxin on the brain can be reversed shortly after the intravenous injection of a therapeutic gene medicine without the use of viral vectors. The brain gene targeting technology developed in this work creates an artificial virus which is comprised of non-immunogenic lipids and proteins, wherein the therapeutic gene is packaged in the interior of the ... |
|
| Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival |
14 JUN 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Wilson J. Ribot; Rekha G. Panchal; Katherine C. Brittingham; Gordon Ruthel; Tara A. Kenny; Douglas Lane; Bob Curry; Timothy A. Hoover; Arthur M. Friedlander; Sina Bavari; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Alveolar macrophages (AM) are very important for pulmonary innate immune responses against invading inhaled pathogens because they directly kill the organisms and initiate a cascade of innate and adaptive immune responses. Although several factors contribute to inhalational anthrax, we hypothesized that unimpeded infection of Bacillus anthracis is directly linked to disabling the innate immune functions contributed by AM. Here, we investigated the effects of lethal toxin (LT), one of the ... |
|
| Prion Transport to Secondary Lymphoreticular System Tissues |
JUN 2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jason C. Bartz; CREIGHTON UNIV OMAHA NE
|
| The long-term objective of this proposal is to identify mechanisms of prion transport to secondary lymphoreticular system (LRS) tissues. The hypothesis to be tested is that following peripheral exposure to prions; host proteins (e.g. complement) bind prions allowing for trapping by cells in the spleen and enhancing uptake by macrophages, which are cells that are responsible for destruction of foreign proteins. To investigate this hypothesis we will examine the disease ... |
|
| In Vitro Toxicity of Aluminum Nanoparticles in Rat Alveolar Macrophages |
MAR 2006 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew J. Wagner; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| The purpose of this research is to characterize the in vitro cellular effects of rat lung macrophages to exposure to aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NP) (30 and 40nm) compared to aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NP) (50, 80, and 120nm). This study concentrates on cell viability, mitochondrial function, phagocytosis ability, and cytokine response. Results indicate no to minimal toxicological effects on macrophages exposed as high as 500 μg/ml for 24 hours with Al2O3-NP. However, ... |
|
| Non-Invasive Gene Therapy of Experimental Parkinson's Disease |
SEP 2005 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
William M. Pardridge; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES
|
| The present research has developed a non-viral gene targeting technology, whereby the effects of a neurotoxin on the brain can be reversed shortly after the intravenous injection of a therapeutic gene medicine without the use of viral vectors. The brain gene targeting technology developed in this work creates an "artificial virus" which is comprised of non-immunogenic lipids and proteins, wherein the therapeutic gene is packaged in the interior of the ... |
|
| Prion Transport to Secondary Lymphoreticular System Tissues |
JUN 2005 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Jason C. Bartz; CREIGHTON UNIV OMAHA NE
|
| The long-term objective of this proposal is to identify mechanisms of prion transport to secondary lymphoreticular system (LRS) tissues. The hypothesis to be tested is that following peripheral exposure to prions, host proteins (e.g. complement) bind prions allowing for trapping by cells in the spleen and enhancing uptake by macrophages, which are cells that are responsible for destruction of foreign proteins. To investigate this hypothesis we will examine the disease ... |
|
| The Modulation of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Function by Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor Type 1 - Expressing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli |
2005 |
167 pages |
| Authors:
Jon M. Davis; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
|
| Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) cause more than 85% of all urinary tract infections (UTI). These infections primarily affect women, and over half of all women will experience at least one UTI in their lifetime. Animal models of UTI pathogenesis have provided some insight into the role of various UPEC virulence factors. In these animal studies, the toxin Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor type 1 (CNF1) has been shown to have a significant ... |
|
| Prion Transport to Secondary Lymphoreticular System Tissues |
JUN 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Jason C. Bartz; CREIGHTON UNIV OMAHA NE
|
| The long-term objective of this proposal is to identify mechanisms of prion transport to secondary lymphoreticular system (LRS) tissues. The hypothesis to be tested is that following peripheral exposure to prions, host proteins (e.g. complement) bind prions allowing for trapping by cells in the spleen and enhancing uptake by macrophages, which are cells that are responsible for destruction of foreign proteins. To investigate this hypothesis two animal models will be ... |
|
| Time-Lapse Confocal Imaging of Development of Bacillus anthracis in Macrophages |
19 MAR 2004 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Gordon Ruthel; Wilson J. Ribot; Sina Bavari; Timothy A. Hoover; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Macrophages attempt to battle infection with Bacillus anthracis spores by phagocytosis of the spores. However, it is believed that B. anthracis spores may survive phagocytosis and may actually use the macrophages that ingest them as a means of transport to lymph nodes. Thus far, the events that occur after spores undergo phagocytosis have remained unclear. To elucidate the fate of spores internalized by macrophages, we have used time-lapse confocal microscopy ... |
|
| Non-Invasive Gene Therapy of Experimental Parkinson's Disease |
SEP 2003 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
William M. Pardridge; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES
|
| The present research has developed a non-viral gene targeting technology, whereby the effects of a neurotoxin on the brain can be reversed shortly after the intravenous injection of a therapeutic gene medicine without the use of viral vectors. The brain gene targeting technology developed in this work creates an "artificial virus" which is comprised of non-immunogenic lipids and proteins, wherein the therapeutic gene is packaged in the interior of the ... |
|
| Influence of a Single-bout of Muscle Damaging Eccentric Exercise on Human Plasma Fibronectin Level |
OCT 2002 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
D. A. DuBose; M. Cayanong; D. H. Morehouse; J. L. Jenner; M. Kellog; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Exposure of U.S. Army personnel to strenuous physical stress under harsh environments is often a necessary circumstance to accomplish a military mission. Such exposure can significantly contribute to the casualty rate. To reduce casualties, physiological markers are required to characterize training programs relative to their capacity to impart resistance to the lethal effects of stress. The reticuloendothelial system (RES) is known to influence survival following injuries associated with shock due ... |
|
| Nanocrystal Targeting In Vivo |
01 AUG 2002 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Maria E. Akerman; Warren C. Chan; Pirjo Laakkonen; Sangeeta N. Bhatia; Erkki Ruoslahti; BURNHAM INST LA JOLLA CA
|
| Inorganic nanostructures that interface with biological systems have recently attracted widespread interest in biology and medicine. Nanoparticles are thought to have potential as novel intravascular probes for both diagnostic (e.g., imaging) and therapeutic purposes (e.g., drug delivery). Critical issues for successful nanoparticle delivery include the ability to target specific tissues and cell types and escape from the biological particulate filter known as the reticuloendothelial system. We set out to explore ... |
|
| Contribution of the Receptor/Ligand Interaction Between CD44 and Osteopontin to Formation of Breast Cancer Metastases |
JUL 2002 |
161 pages |
| Authors:
Georg F. Weber; TUFTS-NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER BOSTONMA
|
| Cancer is characterized by dysregulated growth control, overcoming of cellular aging, and metastasis formation. The latter distinguishes malignant tumors from benign tumors and is mediated by groups of molecules called homing receptors, cytokines, and proteinases. Expression of these molecules on tumor cells determines when and where particular types of cancer spread. The physiologic role of the relevant receptors, cytokines, and proteases in the healthy, cancer-free organism has been incompletely understood. ... |
|
| The Role of the Immune Cell Cytoskeleton in Breast Cancer Immunity: Particular Relationship Between Actin and p38 MAP Kinase |
JUL 2002 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Alex W. Tong; Tyler Curiel; Schuang Wei; BAYLOR RESEARCH INST DALLAS TX
|
| Deformation of the cytoskeleton activates intracellular signaling pathways, including those governing differentiation. Based on the observation that monocytes reverse transmigrating through endothelial cells spontaneously undergo differentiation into dendritic cells (DCs), we hypothesized that the cytoskeleton modulation could affect DC differentiation. Monocytes were cultured with granulocyte M-CSF (GM-CSF) plus IL-4 to induce differentiation into immature DCs. The microtubule stabilizer paclitaxel significantly reduced DC cd1a and CD40 without affecting CD54, CD80 and ... |
|
| Recycling of HER-ErbB Receptors: Rescue From Apoptosis and Targets for Immunotherapy |
JUN 2002 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Yosef Yarden; WEIZMANN INST OF SCIENCE REHOVOT (ISRAEL)
|
| Signals to multiply, migrate and outgrow blood vessels are mediated by growth factors of the EGF/neuregulin family. Concentrating on the membrane receptors for EGF and neuregulins, namely tyrosine kinases of the ErbB/HER family, our first task is to resolve mechanisms that normally restrain ErbB receptors. These efforts have led to the identification of a regulatory loop that allows collaboration between ErbB receptors and c-Src, a major oncoprotein of breast cancers. ... |
|
| Nanoparticle: Monoclonal Antibody Conjugates: A Novel Drug Delivery System in Human Breast Cancer |
MAY 2002 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
George W. Sledge; INDIANA UNIV INDIANAPOLIS
|
| The goal of this research project was to develop a novel targeted drug delivery system which would allow delivery of drugs directly to cancerous breast tissue without delivering significant amounts of drug to other parts of the body. The systems described in this research proposal utilize biodegradable nanoparticles based on poly(lactic-co- glycolic) acid (PLAGA) containing paclitaxel (Taxol) or doxorubicin (adriamycin). The nanoparticles were prepared according to a novel technique which ... |
|
| Effects of Hypothermia on Rat Reticuloendothelial Blood Clearance and Particulate Uptake |
MAR 2002 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
David A. DuBose; Candace B. Matthew; David H. Morehuse; James A. Balcius; Ingrid V. Sils; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Casualties resulting from the French and German incursions into Russia during the winters of the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively exemplify cold weather as a strategic element of war. From Valley Forge to the Chosin Reservoir, the U.S. Army has been made aware of the influence of cold weather conditions on soldier health. In times of relative peace, cold weather injuries for troops under training or deployment exceeded 500 cases ... |
|
| Signaling by ErbB Receptors in Breast Cancer: Regulation by Compartmentalization of Heterodimetric Receptor Complexes |
OCT 2001 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Andrea H. Bild; Gary Johnson; COLORADO UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER DENVER
|
| Herein we investigated the mechanisms of MLKK1 and Stat3 signaling pathways. MEKK1 is important in apoptosis of cancer cells following detachment of cells from their matrix and following genotoxin treatment. We determined the mode by which MEKK1 causes apoptosis, and the ability of specific anti-apoptotic pathways to circumvent MEKK1-induced apoptosis. Specifically, MEKK1-induced apoptosis requires cleavage by caspase 3 and activation of the TRAIL death receptor pathway. MEKK1-induced death is potentiated ... |
|
| Study of the Regulation of erbB Signaling by Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis |
MAY 2001 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony Lee; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA
|
| The purpose of my project remains the same. In the paper Vieira et al. (1996), it was demonstrated that endocytosis of EGF receptors (EGFR) played a role in the regulation of their signaling. EGFR is internalized following its activation and dimerization with a second receptor. A second receptor that is internalization-impaired, such as erbB-2, would presumably slow down internalization of EGFR. Internalization and down-regulation of receptors is the mechanism by ... |
|
| Breast Cancer Following Pediatric Hodgkins Disease: Risk Factors and Intervention |
JUL 1999 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Leslie Robison; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS
|
| Analysis of 1380 survivors of childhood Hodgkin's disease (HD) has shown a 75-fold increased risk of breast cancer. The purpose of this proposal is to identify a sub-population among survivors of HD, at an increased risk for developing breast cancer. Construction of pedigrees of patients with secondary breast cancer did not reveal excess cancer among family members. We also planned to identify somatic and/or germ line mutations ... |
|
| Production of Interleukin-6 Over a Hyperthermic Range by Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated Neutrophils |
MAY 1999 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel J. Bessmer; WISCONSIN UNIV-MILWAUKEE
|
| Neutrophils are an essential cell of the immune system, responsible for phagocytosis of bacterial pathogens. However, their role in immunity is not limited to this action. The neutrophil response to and production of cytokines is paramount to successful immune responses. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important cytokine produced by the neutrophil. This cytokine has pleotropic activity but of interest in this study is its ability to act as an endogenous pyrogen ... |
|
| Non-Invasive Method of Inducing Hypothermia in Multiple Rats Simultaneously |
JAN 1999 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Candace B. Matthew; WIliam D. Schrock; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Hypothermia has been and continues to be a problem faced by military personnel when operating in cold environments or when water immersion in moderate temperatures results in the loss of body heat that is not compensated for by heat production. Vascular leakage of large protein molecules and accompanying water or extravasation manifested in a loss of vascular volume is one of the pathophysiological findings resulting from rewarming following hypothermia. Recent ... |
|
| Non-Invasive Method of Inducing Hypothermia in Multiple Rats Simultaneously |
JAN 1999 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Candace B. Matthew; William D. Schrock; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Hypothermia has been and continues to be a problem faced by military personnel when operating in cold environments or when water immersion in moderate temperatures results in the loss of body heat that is not compensated for by heat production. Vascular leakage of large protein molecules and accompanying water or extravasation manifested in a loss of vascular volume is one of the pathophysiological findings resulting from rewarming following hypothermia. Recent ... |
|
| Breast Cancer Following Pediatric Hodgkins Disease: Risk Factors and Intervention |
JUL 1998 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Leslie Robison; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS
|
| Analysis of a cohort of 1380 survivors of childhood Hodgkin's disease (HD) has shown a 75-fold increased risk of breast cancer, with the cumulative probability of developing breast cancer approaching 35% by 40 years of age among the female survivors of HD. We hypothesized that patients with HD who develop breast cancer have a genetic susceptibility to do so. The purpose of this proposal was to identify a subpopulation among ... |
|
| Quantitative Assessment of HIV Replication and Variation In Vivo: Relevance to Disease Pathogenesis and Response to Therapy |
14 JUL 95 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
George M. Shaw; ALABAMA UNIV IN BIRMINGHAM
|
| Quantification of HIV-l replication and turnover in human plasma, PBMCs, and lymphoid tissues promises to provide unique insights into AIDS pathogenesis and hasten antiretroviral therapy and vaccine research efforts. HIV-1 load in vivo is comprised of cell-free virus as well as substantial numbers of replication-active, latent, or defective viral genomes, all of which likely play a role in disease pathogenesis. The dynamics of HIV-1 replication in vivo are largely unknown ... |
|
| Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitutes and Enhanced Susceptibility to Bacterial Infections |
08 MAR 94 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
John R. Mahoney; John W. Eaton; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS
|
| Chemically modified human hemoglobin is currently being studied as a potential blood substitute for use in military and emergency medical applications. We have tested one form of modified hemoglobin, DBBF-HB, against normal Hb in order to determine its ability to promote hemoglobin-driven bacterial infections. Using an experimental model of E. coli peritonitis we have determined that DBBF-HB is equally likely as unmodified Hb (on a mole to mole basis) to ... |
|
| Modulators of Fish Immune Responses: Models for Environmental Toxicology/Biomarkers Immunostimulators. |
01 JAN 1994 |
265 pages |
| Authors:
Joanne S. Stolen; SOS PUBLICATIONS FAIR HAVEN NJ
|
| This publication consists of papers given at a workshop on Modulators of Fish Immune Responses held in Breckenridge, Colorado, USA, in September 1993. This is the first of a series of workshops to be held every two years to keep up with advances in the field. The subject matter ranged from the use of fish as sensitive indicators of environmental contaminants to research, more basic in nature Non-immunoglobulin-mediated ('innate') immunity ... |
|
| Investigation of the Hepatotoxic and Immunotoxic Effects of the Peroxisome Proliferation Perflurodecanoic Acid |
SEP 93 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
Melinda J. Tarr; OHIO STATE UNIV COLUMBUS DEPT OF VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
|
| The effects of perfluorodeconoic acid (PFDA) on humoral, cellular, and innate immunity in Fischer 344 rats was studied at 8 days and 30 days following a single intraperitoneal injection at doses of mg/kg body weight. Effects of in vitro PFDA treatment were also determined. PFDA was found to significantly decrease IgG2 alpha production at 8 days following PFDA treatment and to cause a trend of decreased DIFI responsiveness, reflecting inhibitory ... |
|
| Electron Microscopy to Correlate Cell Structure and Biochemical Activity. |
10 MAR 1993 |
|
| Authors:
Masamichi Aikawa; CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV CLEVELAND OH INST OF PATHOLOGY
|
 | We performed immuno-electron microscopy to study intracellular localization and fate of liposome-encapsulated malarial antigen after phagocytosis by macrophages. Liposome-encapsulate protein that is phagocytosed by macrophages can enter an intracellular compartment in which at least some of the antigenic epitopes are not degraded by lysosomal enzymes. We also localized P. falciparum antigen having molecular weight 175 kDa (EBA) within the parasite by immunoelectron microscopy. EBA is specifically localized in micronemes of ... |
|
| Use of Liposomes for Directed Drug Delivery against Entamoeba Histolytica |
31 JAN 92 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Gordon B. Bailey; MOREHOUSE COLL ATLANTA GA
|
| The overall goal of this research has been to determine the feasibility and develop conditions for use of recognition specific liposomes as a means for targeted drug delivery against the intestinal parasite, Entamoeba histolytica. The specific research objectives were to: identify lipid molecules of mammalian target cell membranes that stimulate phagocytosis by E. histolytica; construct chemically defined liposomes that are selectively phagocytized by the parasite; determine the ability of recognition ... |
|
| Liposomes as Safe Carriers of Drugs and Vaccines, |
1992 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Carl R. Alving; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| In this article we describe an in vitro model for complement- dependent phagocytosis of liposomes. We have previously reported that complement-opsonized liposomes are avidly ingested by murine peritoneal or bone marrow-derived cultured macrophages. However, when the liposomes contained certain lipids, including phosphatidylinositol, ganglioside G sub M1, and sulfogalactosyl ceramide, that have been identified as causing prolonged circulation time in vivo complement-dependent phagocytosis of the liposomes was greatly suppressed. We identify ... |
|
| Characterization of Nerve Agent Exposure on Alveolar Macrophage Function |
26 AUG 91 |
|
| Authors:
Caroline M. Kramer; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| The acute effects of the inhalation or subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of soman or guinea pig alveolar macrophage (GPAM) function was studied in vitro using sub-lethal levels of soman at 0.01 LD50 (0.3 microgram per kilogram), 0.02 LD50 (0.6 microgram per kilogram), 0.02 LD50 (0.6 microgram per kilogram), and 0.1 LD50 (3 microgram per kilogram). Inhalation exposure was accomplished with the use of a uniquely designed apparatus which allowed for a ... |
|
| Posttransfusion Survival and Distribution of 51-CR Labeled Fresh and Liquid Preserved Syngeneic Mouse Red Blood Cells |
03 JUN 1991 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
C. R. Valeri; T. Ichikura; L. E. Pivacek; S. Prusty; J. Dittmer; NAVAL BLOOD RESEARCH LAB BOSTON MA
|
| Recent studies suggest that the transfusion of nonviable red blood cells (RBC) inhibits the reticuloendothelial system. The study reported here examines the in vivo distribution of nonviable RBC transfused in syngeneic mice. Within 1 hour after the transfusion of fresh 51-Cr-labeled RBC, blood samples, and liver, spleen, skeleton, lung, heart and kidneys were collected. The blood and organ samples and injectate were measured for radioactivity. ... |
|
| Summary of National Meeting of the Society for Leukocyte Biology (27th) (A Reticuloendothelial Society) |
31 MAY 91 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Monte S. Meltzer; MEDICAL COLL OF GEORGIA AUGUSTA
|
| The 27th Annual Meeting of the Society for Leukocyte Biology and the 12th International RES Congress was held in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, October 14-18th, 1990. The theme of the meeting was cellular and cytokine networks in tissue immunity. The following areas were discussed in detail: (a) cytokines in the regulation of hematopoetic and immune cell proliferation: molecular cloning and characterization of interleukins 9 and 11, application of antisense probes in ... |
|
| Liposome Encapsulated Hemoglobin (LEH) and the Reticuloendothelial System (RES) |
10 APR 91 |
|
| Authors:
Shelley B. Weinstock; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK
|
| Research Objective: To investigate the effects of LEH treatment on physiological and biochemical parameters in the rat. These measurements include the clearance of particulates by the liver and RES, organelle movement in Kupffer cells, organ pathology, and blood biochemistry. No significant differences were found between clearance rates in the isolated perfused livers of rats treated with Krebs-Ringer, liposomes, or LEH. Serum samples from each group were sent to Vetpath for ... |
|
| The Effect of Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Acute Bacteremia in Dogs |
18 JUL 1990 |
|
| Authors:
James P. Crowley; Jaclyn Metzger; Linda Pivacek; C. R. Valeri; NAVAL BLOOD RESEARCH LAB BOSTON MA
|
| Non-viable red blood cells are rapidly cleared from the peripheral blood by the reticuloendothelial system. Since bacteria present in the blood stream are also cleared by the reticuloendothelial system, the possibility that non-viable red blood cells would interfere with the clearance of bacteria has been raised. Groups of dogs were studied in whom an experimental bacteremia was produced by the injection of E. coli (1 ... |
|
| Novel Approaches for Targeting Antiviral Agents in the Treatment of Arena-, Bunya-, Flavi-, and Retroviral |
JUN 90 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
J. D. Gangemi; Abdul Ghaffar; Eugene P. Mayer; SOUTH CAROLINA UNIV COLUMBIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Administration of multiple doses of Poly I:C-LC, Riker-3M or CL 246878 every other day for ten days did not prolong activation of immune functions. In some cases this treatment actually suppressed immune functions. Nevertheless, administration of multiple doses of these drugs had no adverse effect on resistance to Banzi virus infection. Encapsulation of Poly I:C in liposomes resulted in a formulation which was more effective than free drug in augmenting ... |
|
| Reciprocal Relationships Between the Immune and Central Nervous System |
01 MAY 90 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Keith W. Kelley; Robert Dantzer; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA LAB OF IMMUNOPHYSIOLOGY
|
| We are investigating how the neuroendocrine system affects macrophage activation and how products derived from activated macrophages affect animal behavior. We have shown that interferon-lambda effectively counteracts the suppression in the synthesis of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factors-alpha caused by both glucocorticoids and transforming growth factor beta-2. Furthermore, the decline in synthesis of TNF-a and secretion of superoxide anion that occurs in macrophages from aged rats can be significantly reversed by ... |
|
| Cachectin/Tumor Necrosis Factor and the Pituitary-Adrenal Axis |
28 FEB 90 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Diana S. Malcolm; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF SURGERY
|
| Results from our studies investigating immune-neuroendocrine interactions have yielded interesting and novel findings. In unanesthetized rats, TNF (10ug/kg) was a potent stimulus for ACTH release without affecting hemodynamics. In vitro, TNF was without effect on the basal secretion of corticosterone (CS) but inhibited ACTH-stimulated CS release. Likewise, TNF inhibited TSH-stimulated thyroglobulin release from cultured human thyroid cells. In vitro, ACTH tended to inhibit LPS-induced TNF release from cultured macrophages, however, ... |
|
| Use of Liposomes for Directed Drug Delivery Against Entamoeba histolytica |
20 JAN 90 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Gordon B. Bailey; MOREHOUSE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE ATLANTA GA
|
| The ability of purified glycosphingolipids to enhance liposome stimulated Entamoeba histolytica actin polymerization was assessed as a means to define the specificity of mammalian cell membrane lipid glycan recognition by this parasite. Synthetic liposomes containing a variety of individual glycosphingolipids bearing neutral, straight chain oligomeric glycans with galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine termini stimulated rapid (90 sec) polymerization of amoeba actin. Glycans with terminal N-acetylgalactosamine residues were not, or only weakly, stimulatory. ... |
|
| Prediction and Testing of Antigenic Sites of the Aids Virus HTLV-III, Recognized by T-Lymphocytes for the Development of Possible Synthetic Vaccine |
07 JAN 90 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Jay A. Berzofsky; NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH BETHESDA MD
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| Whether the immune protective mechanisms against AIDS involve antibodies or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) or both, helper T cells will be necessary to induce either type of response. Also, it is likely that CTL will be essential to control infection by destroying infected monocytes and macrophages which provide a reservoir of virus and from which virus can spread from cell to cell without ever being freely extracellular where it would ... |
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| Radioprotection of Mice with Interleukin-1: Relationship to the Number of Erythroid and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Forming Cells |
1990 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Gretchen N. Schwartz; Myra L. Patchen; Ruth Neta; Thomas J. MacVittie; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This report presents the results of an investigation of changes in the number of erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (GM-CFC) that had occurred in tissues of normal B6D2F1 mice 20 h after administration of a radioprotective dose (150 ng) of human recombinant interleukin-1 (rIL-1). Neutrophilia in the peripheral blood and changes in the tissue distribution of GM-CFC demonstrated that cells were mobilized from the bone marrow in response to ... |
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| Mechanisms of Chemical Modulation and Toxicity of the Immune System |
15 DEC 89 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Melinda J. Tarr; OHIO STATE UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION COLUMBUS
|
| The final three and a half years of our research with 1,1- dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) have focused on delineating the mechanisms of UDMH- induced immunomodulation. Actions of UDMH which could correlate with its immunoenhancement effects include: 1.) Interference with interleukin 2 (IL2) activity by suppression of IL2 receptor expression; 2.) Nonspecific stimulation of intracellular ionized calcium levels in lymphocytes; 3.) Interference with activated macrophage suppressive effects (as evidenced by reversal of ... |
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| Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against the Lethal Factor Component of Bacillus anthracis Toxin |
29 NOV 89 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen F. Little; Stephen H. Leppla; Arthur M. Friedlander; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| The lethal toxin of Bacillus anthracis consists of two components, protective antigen and lethal factor. Protective antigen is cleaved after binding to cell receptors, yielding a receptor-bound fragment that binds lethal factor. Sixty-one monoclonal antibodies to the lethal factor protein have been characterized for specificity, antibody subtype, and ability to neutralize lethal toxin. Three monoclonal antibodies (10G3, 2E7, and 3F6) neutralized lethal toxin in Fischer 344 rats. However, in a ... |
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RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM
