| Final Report for USDoD ARO Grant No. W911NF-05-1-0282 (University of Minnesota) |
14-Aug-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Georgios B Giannakis; MINNESOTA UNIV MINNEAPOLIS
|
 | Power efficiency issues are investigated across layers for use in tactical communications among battery-operated wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and wireless MANET nodes. Fundamental limits, practical guidelines, specific algorithms at the physical, data link, and application layers as well as performance analysis of tactical networks are developed when power optimization (as opposed to, e.g., throughput or delay, pursued by existing approaches) is the ultimate goal. Challenges addressed include the harsh interference ... |
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| Quantum Enhanced Imaging by Entangled States |
Jul-2009 |
123 pages |
| Authors:
Doyle Nichols; NORTHROP GRUMMAN SYSTEMS CORP LINTHICUM HEIGHTS MD
|
| The use of entangled states in a prospective standoff imaging sensor has been explored. Specifically, the question of whether enhanced performance (in terms of achievable resolution, in particular) may be obtained through the use of entangled states in a ghost imaging configuration has been investigated. The resiliency of such a system in the presence of transmission impairments that necessarily accompany sensors in a tactical environment, such as large optical loss, ... |
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| Point Density Effects on Digital Elevation Models Generated from LiDAR Data |
Jun-2009 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Richard L Duldulao; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The use of Airborne LiDAR Systems (ALS) to obtain topographical information of the earth's surface and generate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) has grown extensively in the field of Remote Sensing. Selected areas of point cloud LiDAR data collected from Honduras in 2008 was used to produce DEMs with varying densities to show the effects of lower resolution LiDAR data. An IDL code was utilized to reduce the selected LiDAR point ... |
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| Remote Detection of Cloud Base Heights Using CloudSat and CALIPSO |
Mar-2009 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Elizabeth Welliver; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis study focuses on the evaluation of cloud base height from a pair of space-based remote sensing systems. The first satellite, CloudSat, is a 94-GHz cloud profiling radar (CPR) utilizing a wavelength capable of penetrating thick hydrometeor layers. The second satellite, the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite, is an active lidar designed to detect optically thin hydrometeor layers. The 2BGEOPROF- Lidar product combines data from ... |
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| Using Multiple Robust Parameter Design Techniques to Improve Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection Algorithm Performance |
Mar-2009 |
157 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew Davis; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Detecting and identifying objects of interest is the goal of all remote sensing. New advances, specifically in hyperspectral imaging technology have provided the analyst with immense amounts of data requiring evaluation. Several filtering techniques or anomaly detection algorithms have been proposed. However, most new algorithms are insufficiently verified to be robust to the broad range of hyperspectral data being made available. One such algorithm, AutoGAD, is tested here via two ... |
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| Dynamic Vision for Control |
05-Feb-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Stefano Soatto; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES
|
| The on-going goal of this project is to develop analytical tools and computational models for vision to be used as a sensor for the purpose of control. Vision, as in remote passive distributed sensing, whether in the visible or other spectra, is a flexible, powerful and cheap sensory modality for unmanned vehicles to interact with complex, unknown, uncertain and dynamic environments. To that end, algorithms and models must be developed ... |
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| Development Strategy for Effective Sampling to Detect Possible Nutrient Fluxes in Oligotrophic Coastal Reef Waters in the Caribbean |
Jan-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
W G Mendoza; R G Zika; J E Corredor; J S Morrel; D Ko; C N Mooers; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The stress contributed by nutrients to the coral reef ecosystem is among many problems that may be resolved using the coastal ocean observing system developed by various institutions. Traditional nutrient sampling has been inadequate to resolve issues on episodic nutrient fluxes in reef regions due spatial variability. This paper illustrates sampling strategy using COOS information to identify areas that need critical investigation. The area investigated the Puerto Rico subdomain. Nutrient ... |
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| An Evaluation of a High-Resolution Operational Wave Forecasting System in the Adriatic Sea |
Jan-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Jeffrey W Book; James D Dykes; David W Wang; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
 | The SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) wave model using wind inputs generated by the ALADIN 8-km, operational high-resolution, atmospheric model was run in real-time to provide surface waves forecast for the semi-enclosed Adriatic Sea in support of the Dynamics of the Adriatic in Real-Time (DART) field experiments. Together with predictions from other wave and wind models, the successful prediction of a high sea-state event by this model led to a real-time ... |
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| Opportune Landing Site Program: Opportune Landing Site Southeastern Indiana Field Data Collection and Assessment |
Nov-2008 |
288 pages |
| Authors:
Charles C Ryerson; Lynette A Barna; Rosa T Affleck; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Effectiveness in modern warfare demands rapid, lethal, and stealthy response to a wide variety of adversaries. This requires, in part, the ability to conduct air transport operations to locations where there are no existing runways, and where engineers cannot be prepositioned. One of the most difficult problems is locating large, smooth, flat, and obstruction-free areas that are also sufficiently firm to support at least one aircraft operation, and preferably, many. ... |
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| Combining Satellite Ocean Color Imagery and Circulation Modeling to Forecast Bio-Optical Properties: Comparison of Models and Advection Schemes |
Oct-2008 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Rebecca E Green; Richard W Jr; Dong S Ko; Tamara L Townsend; Robert A Arnone; Gould; Regina D Smith; Peter M Flynn; Brandon J Casey; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Remote sensing of ocean color provides synoptic surface ocean bio-optical properties but is limited to real-time or climatological applications. Many applications, including navy mission planning using electro-optical sensor performance models, would benefit from a forecast capability. To achieve this, we couple satellite imagery with numerical circulation models to provide short-term (24-48 hr) forecasts of bio-optical properties. These are first-order approaches; they do not account for any biogeochemical mechanistic processes (growth, ... |
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| Aircraft and In Situ Salinity and Ocean Color Measurements and Comparisons in the Gulf of Mexico |
Jul-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Derek Burrage; Joel Wesson; Stephan Howden; Chris Osburn; Virgilio Maisonet; Xiagong Chen; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| We report here on aircraft measurements made in May, 2007, with the NRL STARRS (Salinity, Temperature and Roughness Remote Scanner), and optical multi-wavelength radiance and irradiance sensors (Satlantic OCR-507 at SEA- WIFS wavelength bands). These measurements were made in conjunction with in situ measurements of sea surface salinity (SSS), ocean color, and fluorescence in the Atchafalaya River outflow from the R/V Pelican. In this work we demonstrate the ability of ... |
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| Very Small Satellite Design for Space Sensor Networks |
01-Jun-2008 |
233 pages |
| Authors:
David J Barnhart; SURREY UNIV GUILDFORD (UNITED KINGDOM) SURREY SPACE CENTRE
|
| An investigation of very small satellite miniaturisation techniques is presented, focusing on sub-kilogram technologies targeted at space sensor network applications. Distributed space mission concepts are emerging for scientific and remote sensing applications. This architecture will enable observation of real-time multi-point phenomena. Space economics and environmental concerns dictate a cost-effective mass-producible low-mass satellite for brief but essential missions in low Earth orbit. Very small satellite technologies have been investigated, assessed, and ... |
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| Spaceborne Fiber Optic Data Bus (SFODB) |
01-Jun-2008 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
J W Bretthauer; C H Chalfant; F J Orlando; E Rezek; M Sawyer; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GREENBELT MD GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
|
| Spaceborne Fiber Optic Data Bus (SFODB) is an IEEE 1393 compliant, gigabit per second, fiber optic network specifically designed to support the real-time, on-board data handling requirements of remote sensing spacecraft. The network is fault tolerant, highly reliable, and capable of withstanding the rigors of launch and the harsh space environment. SFODB achieves this operational and environmental performance while maintaining the small size, light weight, and low power necessary for ... |
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| Air Vehicle Technology Integration Program (AVTIP). Delivery Order 0054: Opportune Landing Site (OLS) Critical Experiment |
Apr-2008 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Carol Ventresca; Justin R Rufa; Kenneth Eizenga; Robert McCarty; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH AIR VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| The Opportune Landing Site (OLS) Software Demonstration Program heralds an intriguing and exciting concept in the potential capability for United States military forces acting throughout the globe. The OLS software components were designed by Boeing and by the US Army's Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) working within a cooperative agreement to develop software that would find landing sites that were flat and ... |
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| Optical Imaging of the Nearshore |
20 MAR 2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Robert A. Holman; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS COLL OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| This grant supported a variety of studies in the area of littoral processes typically as revealed by the optical remote sensing data of the Argus Program. One principle theme was me development of algorithms for estimating relevant geophysical variables such as longshore currents and wave directional spectra from ground-based optical cameras. The second theme was the study of observed nearshore physics. Much of the latter work focused on the morpho-dynamics ... |
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| A Test of Empirical and Semi-Analytical Algorithms for Euphotic Zone Depth with SeaWiFs Data Off Southeastern China |
04 FEB 2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jingjing Chen; Shaoling Shang; Junwu Tang; ZhongPing Lee; Huasheng Hong; Minhan Dai; Weidong Zhai; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| This study employs SeaWiFS data over the waters off the southern China to evaluate semi-analytical algorithm for euphotic zone depth(Z). This algorithms is based on water's inherent optical properties (IOPs), which can he near-analytically calculated from spectral remote-sensing reflectance, where remote-sensing reflectance can be derived from the normalized water-leaving radiance provided by SeaWiFS. In the Taiwan Strait, compared with in situ Z (+/-3 hour within SeaWiFS collection), average error() is ... |
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| Development of Finer Spatial Resolution Optical Properties from MODIS |
04 FEB 2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
S. D. Ladner; J. C. Sandidge; P. E. Lyon; R. A. Arnone; R. W. Gould; Z. P. Lee; P. M. Martinolich; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Typical MODIS ocean color products are at 1 kilometer (km) spatial resolution, although two 250 meter (m) and five 500 m bands are also available on the sensor. We couple these higher resolution bands with the 1km bands to produce pseudo-250m resolution MODIS bio-optical properties. Finer resolution bio-optical products from space significantly improve our capability for monitoring coastal ocean and estuarine processes. Additionally, increased resolution is required for validation of ... |
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| Integrated Control and Assessment of Knapweed and Cheatgrass on Department of Defense Installations. Addendum |
Feb-2008 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Lincoln Smith; Mark W Paschke; Edward F Redente; Donald A Klein; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY
|
| SERDP project SI-1145 has explored alternative control and assessment strategies for knapweeds and annual brome, two non-indigenous plant taxa, on US military installations. These plant taxa infest large areas of the Western United States and they are a major concern for military bases. Heavy maneuvering of troops and equipment causes large disturbances where native vegetation is stressed, soil is lost, and invasive noxious plants often take hold. Replacing stands of ... |
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| Optical/Infrared Signatures for Space-Based Remote Sensing |
01-Nov-2007 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
R H Picard; E M Dewan; J R Winick; R R O'Neil; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| This report describes work carried out under the Air Force Research Laboratory's basic research task in optical remote-sensing signatures, entitled Optical / Infrared Signatures for Space-Based Remote Sensing. The work was carried out during the period 20 Mar 2000 - 30 Sep 2007 and was supported by funding from AFOSR's Physics and Electronics Directorate (AFOSR/NE). The objective of the program was to increase understanding of remotely sensed signatures, particularly as ... |
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| Profiles for High-Priority Species. Focus of the Army Threatened and Endangered Species Research Program |
NOV 2007 |
185 pages |
| Authors:
Harold E. Balbach; Elizabeth L. Keane; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| A need arose during the conduct of Threatened and Endangered Species (TES) research for a source of material about the Army s priority TES that would be accessible to (primarily) non-biologist researchers performing various studies on habitat associations using remote sensing, GIS, and other technologies. This is a primer to the characteristics of the species, and why they were of interest to the Army; it also identifies in a preliminary ... |
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| Threatened and Endangered Species Surveillance in Inaccessible Areas: A Feasibility Study |
NOV 2007 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Harol Balbach; Donald Pitts; William Meyer; Scott Tweddale; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Monitoring threatened and endangered species on Army installations is not always feasible with respect to the areas that are either inaccessible or have limited times for entry. When biologists are unable to enter an area freely for periodic surveys, it prevents normal application of standard methods, which results in the data being unavailable for reporting either management successes or problems. If these species are present in the inaccessible area, they ... |
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| Fueling and Stabilizing a Biomolecular Motor-Powered Biosensor for Remote Detection Scenarios |
OCT 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Henry Hess; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
| Autonomous micro- and nanodevices, such as "smart dust", operate in environments with variable temperatures. The activity of integrated biological components, such as enzymes, typically exhibits a pronounced dependence on temperature. Here, strategies to minimize the influence of temperature on device performance are discussed. The temperature dependence of the Michaelis-Menten parameters vmax and Km is measured for kinesin motor proteins, and it is concluded that for molecular shuttles powered by kinesin ... |
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| Harmful Algal Blooms in the Mississippi Sound and Mobile Bay: Using MODIS Aqua and In Situ Data for HABs in the Northern Gulf of Mexico |
OCT 2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Dan Holiday; Gregory Carter; Richard W. Gould; Hugh MacIntyre; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| This study investigates the use of satellite remote sensing to detect blooms and predict environmental conditions leading to the formation of HAVs in the turbid coastal waters along the Mississippi and Alabama shores. Phytoplankton populations and in situ water quality were monitored at 3 to 6 week intervals at 17 locations in Mobile Bay and the Mississippi Sound beginning in July 2005 and continuing thru June 2006 along wi concurrent ... |
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| The Effects of Signal and Image Compression of Sar Data on Change Detection Algorithms |
SEP 2007 |
110 pages |
| Authors:
Kiran Shenoy; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| With massive amounts of SAR imagery and data being collected, the need for effective compression techniques is growing. One of the most popular applications for remote sensing is change detection, which compares two geo-registered images for changes in the scene. While lossless compression is needed for signal compression, the same is not often required for image compression. In almost every case the compression ratios are much higher in lossy compression ... |
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| Evaluation of Airborne Remote Sensing Techniques for Predicting the Distribution of Energetic Compounds on Impact Areas |
AUG 2007 |
202 pages |
| Authors:
Mark R. Graves; Linda P. Dove; Thomas F. Jenkins; Susan Bigl; Marianne E. Walsh; Alan D. Hewitt; Dennis Lambert; Nancy Perron; Charles Ramsey; Jeff Gamey; Les Beard; William E. Doll; Dale Magoun; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The characterization of impact area munitions constituents has typically employed traditional soil sampling approaches. These sampling approaches do not accurately account for the distribution of such contaminants over the landscape due to the distributed nature of explosive compound sources throughout impact areas, the highly localized distribution of contaminants surrounding these sources, and inaccurate records of historical target locations. Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies were utilized to assist ... |
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| Using Limited Time Periods as a Means to Elucidate Microwave Sounding Unit Derived Tropospheric Temperature Trend Methods |
JUL 2007 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Robb M. Randall; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON
|
| Limited Time Period (LTP) running trends are used to elucidated Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) derived tropospheric temperature trend methods. Regression derived coefficients were used to combine lower stratosphere (LS) and mid-troposphere to lower stratosphere (MT) simulated MSU channels from RATPAC radiosonde data using sites not found to have long-term cooling biases. This combination is used to estimate tropospheric temperature trends and then is compared to the actual RATPAC derived tropospheric ... |
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| Optimizing Performance of a Microwave Salinity Mapper: STARRS L-Band Radiometer Enhancements |
04-May-2007 |
|
| Authors:
Derek M Burrage; Joel C Wesson; Mark A Goodberlet; Jerry L Miller; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Airborne microwave radiometers for salinity remote sensing have advanced to a point where operational surveys can be conducted over the inner continental shelf to observe the evolution of freshwater plumes emanating from rivers and estuaries. To determine seawater microwave emissivity, and hence conductivity and salinity, precisely and accurately demands high instrument sensitivity, stability, and sampling rates; such requirements involve significant design trade-offs. The Salinity, Temperature and Roughness Remote Scanner (STARRS) ... |
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| Properties of Coastal Waters Around the US: Preliminary Results Using MERIS Data |
APR 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
ZhongPing Lee; Chuanmin Hu; Deric Gray; Brandon Casey; Robert Arnone; Alan Weidemann; Richard Ray; Wesley Goode; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| MERIS imageries over coastal waters around the United States were ordered from ESA. These data either reveal enormous phytoplankton blooms (chlorophyll concentrations in the range of 100 - 1000 mg/m) or turbid river plume waters or optically shallow environments. We used in situ measurements to validate remote-sensing reflectance derived from MERIS. Further, we applied algorithms designed for optically deep or optically shallow waters, respectively, to derive water and/or bottom properties ... |
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| System Level Architecture of Cooperative Satellite Control Using Hierarchical Hybrid Systems and Automata Theory |
28 MAR 2007 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Chang-Hee Won; TEMPLE UNIV PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| We investigated a hierarchical hybrid system architecture to implement an autonomous multiple satellite control scheme for the low earth orbit remote sensing satellites. We networked multiple satellites and ground control station into a hierarchical hybrid system and applied hybrid automata theory onto the different tiers of the system. Compared with the traditional satellite control concept, the hierarchical hybrid system is more autonomous, effective, scalable, and robust for the space remote ... |
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| Improved Hyperspectral Image Testing Using Synthetic Imagery and Factorial Designed Experiments |
MAR 2007 |
113 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph P. Bellucci; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| The goal of any remote sensing system is to gather data about the geography it is imaging. In order to gain knowledge of the earth's landscape, post-processing algorithms are developed to extract information from the collected data. The algorithms can be intended to classify the various ground covers in a scene, identify specific targets of interest, or detect anomalies in an image. After the design of an algorithm comes the ... |
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| Theoretical Characterization of the Radiative Properties of Dust Aerosol for the Air Force Combat Climatology Center Point Analysis Intelligence System |
MAR 2007 |
145 pages |
| Authors:
John D. McMillen; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The Air Force Combat Climatology Center produces an analysis of meteorological conditions in a column over any point on the globe. Currently this analysis does not include aerosol impact on radiative transfer. Instead, the meteorological parameters are used to choose an aerosol representation native to MODTRAN radiative transfer software. This research investigates the impact of dust aerosol on radiative transfer in the 1-5 m wavelength band. Theoretical radiative transfer properties ... |
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| Automating the Shadow Method for Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval |
MAR 2007 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Ryan M. Dombrock; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| A new method for remote sensing retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth was proposed and investigated by Vincent (2006). This shadow-based method uses the radiance difference between shadow and non-shadow regions in QuickBird high resolution commercial satellite imagery to estimate Aerosol Optical Depth. Though the process is initially time-consuming, requiring a high level of user knowledge to accomplish the procedure, great potential exists for further development into a stand-alone operational method ... |
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| Aspect Angle Dependence of Pump-Induced Turbulence in the Ionosphere (Short-Term Support) |
28 FEB 2007 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Brett C. Isham; INTER AMERICAN UNIV OF PUERTO RICO-BAYAMON CAMPUS
|
| During Fall 2005 and Fall 2006 experiments were carried out at EISCAT in Norway aimed at advancing related science questions while improving the technical capabilities of ground-based radar and radio remote sensing systems. Significant progress was made between these campaigns in technical equipment capabilities and groundwork was laid for future advances. Related collaborations were initiated in advance of the 2006 campaign to assist in 2006 and future experiments. Radio and ... |
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| Recent Advances In Radar Polarimetry And Polarimetric SAR Interferometry |
01 FEB 2007 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Wolfgang-Martin Boerner; UIC-ECE COMMUNICATIONS CHICAGO IL COMMUNICATIONS, SENSING AND NAVIGATION LAB
|
| The development of Radar Polarimetry and Radar Interferometry is advancing rapidly, and these novel radar technologies are revamping Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging decisively. In this exposition the successive advancements are sketched; beginning with the fundamental formulations and high-lighting the salient points of these diverse remote sensing techniques. Whereas with radar polarimetry the textural fine-structure, target-orientation and shape, symmetries and material constituents can be recovered with considerable improvements above that of ... |
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| Polarimetric Interferometry - Remote Sensing Applications |
01 FEB 2007 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Martin Hellmann; Shane R. Cloude; DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGSANSTALT FUER LUFT- UND RAUMFAHRT COLOGNE (GERMANY F R)
|
| This lecture is mainly based on the work of S.R. Cloude and presents examples for remote sensing applications Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (PolInSAR). PolInSAR has its origins in remote sensing and was first developed for applications in 1997 using SIRC L-Band data [1,2]. In its original form it involved generating phase differences between interferograms formed using different polarization combinations. Later these phase differences were observed to be correlated with vegetation height ... |
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| Assessing the Ability of Hyperspectral Data to Detect Lyngbya SPP.: A Potential Biological Indicator for Presence of Metal Objects in the Littoral Environment |
DEC 2006 |
261 pages |
| Authors:
James R. Blankenship; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The aquatic filamentous bacteria (Cyanobacterium) Lyngbya majuscula is a nitrogen-fixer found in coastal waters often attached or adjacent to sea grass, algae and coral. It is characterized by phycobiliproteins, unique pigments found only in cyanobacteria. To sustain photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, L. majuscula requires iron proteins and is therefore sensitive to the availability of this metal. The hypothesis tested in this study concerns the potential use of hyperspectral imaging in ... |
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| Airborne Hyperspectral and Satellite Multispectral Imagery of the Mississippi Gulf Coast Region |
DEC 2006 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Lars O. Lone; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) and the satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provide detailed information about the environment U.S. Naval forces choose to operate in. In recent years environmental conditions have been a driving factor in preventing the detection of underwater objects like mines. Suspended sediments are an environmental condition of interest. Remote sensors provide an opportunity to detect suspended sediments in a region prior to the commencement ... |
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| Automated Synthetic Hyperspectral Image Generation for Clutter Complexity Metric Development |
01 NOV 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Oladipo O. Fadiran; Peter Molnar; Lance M. Kaplan; CLARK ATLANTA UNIV GA
|
| Imaging sensors and automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms are an integral part of modern combat systems. We present a method to automate the efficient synthesis of hyperspectral images used as aid in the evaluation and development of ATR algorithms. To ensure reliable inferences from these processes, it is required that the different levels of difficulty for ATR performance are adequately represented in the generated images. We employ the Digital Imaging ... |
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| Classifying Infrastructure in an Urban Battlespace Using Thermal IR Signatures |
01 NOV 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael McInerney; Jonathan Trovillion; Tarek Abdallah; Arjun Majumdar; Robert Lozar; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| The purpose of this study was to determine whether hyperspectral (thermal/IR) data could be used to characterize infrastructure in the urban battlespace. The Future Force needs to dominate the urban battlespace to the same degree that the current force dominates open terrain. This can be accomplished by enabling greater Urban Battlespace Environment (U-BE) awareness through the decision phases of USECT (Understand, Shape, Engage, Consolidate, Transition). The Future Force needs tools ... |
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| Chalcopyrite and Orientation-Patterned Semiconductors for Mid-IR Sources: Modeling, Growth, and Characterization |
NOV 2006 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
M] M. M. Fejer; N. Giles; J. Ketterson; R. Pandy; P. Kuo; A. Lin; O. Levi; R. Route; K. Vodopyanov; STANFORD UNIV CA EDWARD L GINZTON LAB OF PHYSICS
|
| The goal of this MURI was to advance the technology in chalcopyrite and microstructured zincblende semiconductors, and to demonstrate devices based on them. The program involved modeling, synthesis, characterization, and device demonstration. Research was focused on, (1) nonlinear chalcopyrites and microstructured zincblende crystals for applications to mid-infrared coherent sources, and (2) magnetic chalcopyrites for future application to spintronic and magneto-optic devices. We sought to enable applications such as compact high-power ... |
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| Reliable Classification of High Explosive and Chemical/Biological Artillery Using Acoustic Sensors |
01 OCT 2006 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Myron E. Hohil; Sachi Desai; Amir Morcos; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER PICATINNY ARSENAL NJ
|
| The Army is currently developing acoustic sensor systems that will provide extended range surveillance, detection, and identification for force protection and tactical security. A network of such sensors remotely deployed in conjunction with a central processing node (or gateway) will provide early warning and assessment of enemy threats, near real-time situational awareness to commanders, and may reduce potential hazards to the soldier. In contrast, the current detection of chemical/biological (CB) ... |
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| Guidelines for the Acquisition of Aerial Photography for Digital Photo-Interpretation of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) |
OCT 2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Sam S. Jackson; Mark R. Graves; Deborah J. Shafer; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Monitoring the success of large-scale submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) restoration projects requires the ability to detect and map the presence or absence of SAV, as well as assess changes in SAV distributions over time. Aerial photography is generally considered to be the most widely used, versatile, and relatively economical form of remote sensing (Lillesand and Kiefer 2000), and is the most common source of SAV mapping information (McKenzie et al. ... |
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| Propagation of Uncertainties in Sea Ice Thickness Calculations From Basin-Scale Operational Observations: A Report Prepared for the International Ice Charting Working Group and the National/Naval Ice Center |
SEP 2006 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Cathleen A. Geiger; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Sea ice serves as a natural flux monitor of the global heat balance. This capability is attributed to the unique location of sea ice at the interface of the world's two largest circulation systems the air and ocean. The increased awareness of warming in the polar region has precipitated increased efforts to measure sea ice thickness as an index for global heat changes. This increased awareness has brought with it ... |
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| Remote Sensing of the Refractive Environment Above the Marine Stratocumulus-Topped Boundary Layer |
SEP 2006 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis T. Derley; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Electro-Magnetic propagation paths are subject to refraction as they travel through moisture and temperature gradients found within the inversion layer at the top of the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layers (STBL). The NPS Meteorology Department is developing an automated program called SEMEO (Satellite Electro-Magnetic Electro-Optical) that will use remote sensors to estimate the cloud-top height, and characterize the ducting conditions over large regions. In addition to estimating the location and strength ... |
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| Ocean Surface Winds from Space - A Collaborative Education Effort |
Sep-2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Zorana Jelenak; Von; Joan M Ahn; Joseph M Sienkiewicz; Michael J Brennan; NATIONAL OCEANIC ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION/NESDIS SILVER SPRING MD
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| Ocean surface winds play a significant role in the global ocean-atmosphere system. Surface winds drive the worlds ocean currents, transport atmospheric heat and moisture, force nutrient rich upwelling areas, create surface waves and swell, and can reach destructive force in both extratropical and tropical cyclones. Although the oceans cover 70% of the Earth's surface, the network of ocean wind observations obtained from conventional buoys and ships is very sparse. The ... |
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| The Ocean Observatories Initiative: Wiring the Ocean for Interactive Scientific Discovery |
Sep-2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Alexandra R Isern; NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION ARLINGTON VA DIV OF OCEAN SCIENCES
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| The National Science Foundation's Division of Ocean Science has established the Ocean Research Interactive Observatory Networks (ORION) Program to operate and manage existing and future ocean observing sites funded by NSF including those constructed by the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI). The OOI is an integrated observatory system with three elements: (1) deep-sea buoys with capabilities appropriate to the experiments they will host with some designs capable of deployment in harsh ... |
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| Multi-UAV Collaborative Sensor Management for UAV Team Survivability |
AUG 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Craig Stoneking; Phil DiBona; Adria Hughes; LOCKHEED MARTIN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LABS CHERRY HILL NJ
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| Collaboration among a team of unmanned sensor platforms can provide significant operational advantages through improved situational awareness (SA). Recent work on the Army Aviation Technology Directorate (AATD) sponsored Survivability Planner Associate Rerouter (SPAR) program, as well as separate internally funded research and development (in parallel with the SPAR contract) has provided insights into the challenges related to managing collaborative sensing in support of survivability of a team comprising manned aircraft ... |
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| A Simulation-Based Tool to Train Rapid Decision-Making Skills for the Digital Battlefield |
AUG 2006 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Rick Archer; Alan T. Brockett; Patricia L. McDermott; Walter Warwick; Richard E. Christ; MICRO ANALYSIS AND DESIGN BOULDER CO
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| This report was developed under the Army Phase II Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. The Simulated Field Exercise (SimFX) tool was designed to help small unit leaders make good decisions while immersed in an ever widening array of information technologies. Rather than focus training on the specifications and capabilities of new technologies, we provide students with computer-based scenarios that force them to resolve ambiguous or contradictory input from remote ... |
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| A Generalized Approach to Soil Strength Prediction With Machine Learning Methods |
JUL 2006 |
151 pages |
| Authors:
Peter M. Semen; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| Current methods for evaluating the suitability of potential landing sites for fixed-wing aircraft require a direct measurement of soil bearing capacity. In contingency military operations, the commitment of ground troops to carry out this mission prior to landing poses problems in hostile territory, including logistics, safety, and operational security. Developments in remote sensing technology provide an opportunity to make indirect measurements that may prove useful for inferring basic soil properties. ... |
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| Heat Flux and Infrared Spectral Measurements of Burning SRM Propellant (Postprint) |
16 JUN 2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Marty Venner; James Parker; William McKeon; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND CONSULTING INC (ERC INC) EDWARDS AFB CA
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| On 23 August 2005 the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Propulsion Directorate at Edwards AFB conducted an open air burn of over 2000 kg of Titan IV solid rocket motor propellant. Multiple remote sensors were deployed to measure the heat flux and spectral emissions during the burn. The heat flux data was utilized to help determine the hazard classification for the propellant. An average normalized irradiance of 1.62 kW/m2 was ... |
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