| Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Santa Cruz, Bolivia: Outbreak Investigation and Antibody Prevalence Study |
18 Oct 2012 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Joel M Montgomery; Patrick J Blair; Darin S Carroll; James N Mills; Alberto Gianella; Naomi Iihoshi; Ana M Briggiler; Vidal Felices; Milagros Salazar; James G ; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH UNIT NO 6 LIMA (PERU)
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 | We report the results of an investigation of a small outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in 2002 in the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, where the disease had not previously been reported. Two cases were initially reported. The first case was a physician infected with Laguna Negra virus during a weekend visit to his ranch. Four other persons living on the ranch were IgM antibody-positive, two of whom were symptomatic ... |
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| Phase Transformations in the Oxygen-Enriched Case Layer of Beta Titanium Alloys Formed During Oxidation (Preprint) |
Aug 2012 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
J Tiley; A Behera; K Mahdak; H Mohseni; S Nag; R Banerjee; UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS DENTON
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| The formation of an oxide layer along together with alpha precipitation in the subsurface oxygenenriched zone, during the oxidation of a Beta-Ti alloy, has been investigated using SEM, (S)TEM, and nanoindentation. Just below the nanocrystalline oxide layer, a two-phase mixture consisting of nanoscale equiaxed alpha grains and rutile grains is formed. Further below, the morphology of the alpha precipitates transitions to more lath-like with their size-scale, nucleation density, and the ... |
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| In-Situ Neutron Diffraction Study of Aging of a Mg-Y-Nd-Zr Alloy (WE43): Effects of Precipitation on Individual Deformation Mechanisms |
Jul 2012 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
S R Agnew; III Polesak F J; B Clausen; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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| There is an outstanding question regarding why the age hardening response of Mg alloys is not nearly as good as many competing Al alloys. It has recently been proposed that the effect is due to precipitate geometry, since most commercial Mg alloys form either basal plate-shaped precipitates (e.g. AZ alloys) or c-axis aligned rod-shaped precipitates (e.g. ZK alloys) [1], and these are among the least effective precipitate shapes to obstruct ... |
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| Climate Change, Fuels, and Wildfire |
29 Nov 2011 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony L Westerling; CALIFORNIA UNIV MERCED CA
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| Climate affects both fuel availability and flammability on multiple time scales, and the relative importance of availability versus flammability as limiting drivers of wildfire activity varies across ecosystem types. Climatic controls on fuel flammability during the peak fire season dominate in dense forests with characteristically infrequent, high severity fire, while the effects of antecedent moisture on the availability of fine surface fuels may also play a role in forests with ... |
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| Feedbacks between Climate and Fire Emissions |
29 Nov 2011 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Christine Wiedinmyer; NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH BOULDER CO
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| Fires emit significant amounts of trace gases and particulate matter to the atmosphere. These emissions include greenhouse gases, such as CO2 and methane, reactive gases that include a suite of nonmethane organic compounds, and various particulate species, including black and organic carbon. Quantifying these emissions and constraining our understanding of their impacts on the atmosphere continues to be an on-going challenge. Recent advances in measurement techniques, remote sensing observations, and ... |
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| Advanced Multi-Moment Microphysics for Precipitation and Tropical Cyclone Forecast Improvement within COAMPS |
30 Sep 2011 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Ming Xue; OKLAHOMA UNIV NORMAN CENTER FOR ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF STORMS
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| The first major focus of this project is to implement and test a microphysics scheme capable of predicting up to three moments of hydrometeor particle size distributions (PSDs) inside the Navy s Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). The scheme will then be applied to tropical cyclone (TC) and continental-scale severe weather predictions. The results will be verified against detailed in-situ and remote-sensing observations. |
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| Toward Better Intraseasonal and Seasonal Prediction: Verification and Evaluation of the NOGAPS Model Forecasts |
30 Sep 2011 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Zhuo Wang; Melinda S Peng; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DEPT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
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| The long-term goals of this project are to improve the intraseasonal to seasonal prediction skills of the NOGAPS model, in particular, to improve the prediction of MJO and its associated teleconnection patterns. |
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| Improving Mesoscale Prediction of Shallow Convection and Cloud Regime Transitions in NRL COAMPS |
30 Sep 2011 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
David B Mechem; KANSAS UNIV LAWRENCE DEPT OF GEOGRAPHY
|
| Accurate predictions of cloud and precipitation processes in the marine boundary layer are critical to U.S. Navy operations, as well as being more broadly important to improving seasonable predictability and the performance of NWP models. The major goal of the project is to develop state of the art boundary-layer parameterizations to be able to represent the continuum from stratocumulus to trade cumulus. Mesoscale prediction of cloudy boundary layers in mesoscale ... |
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| Processes Controlling Transfer of Fine-Grained Sediment Within and Between Channels and Flats on Intertidal Flats |
30 Sep 2011 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Andrea S Ogston; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| A long-term goal of our sediment transport and accumulation investigations is to link sedimenttransport processes to the formation and preservation of event beds in sediment deposits. The general aim of this project is to investigate how forcing processes affect the sediment-transport dynamics that act to import or export fine-grained sediment in intertidal regions. We strive to understand how the delicate balance of ebb and flood sediment fluxes is maintained to ... |
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| Seasonal Variability of Salt Transport During the Indian Ocean Monsoons |
27 Aug 2011 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Ebenezer S Myadjro; Bulusu Subrahmanyam; Jay F Shriver; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS DETACHMENT STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
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| The seasonal variability of salinity transport in the Indian Ocean is investigated using the high-resolution global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) Mechanisms and physical parameters that control the salinity budget are examined. Results show the influence of freshwater forcing and zonal advection as the dominant mechanisms of sea surface salinity (SSS) variability. Precipitation is highest in the eastern Bay of Bengal (BoB), where it shows seasonal variation, and in the ... |
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| Demonstration/Validation of Step Infiltration at a Southeastern Army Installation |
10 May 2011 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Richard J Scholze; Muhammad Sharif; John Wellborn; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
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| Principles of Low Impact Development (LID): EISA, Section 438 and other Army guidance promotes LID approaches over more traditional approaches for stormwater management. Manage stormwater close to where precipitation lands. Maintain or restore pre-development hydrology, reduce runoff volume and peak runoff rates and reduce potential transport of pollutants to receiving waters. Widely proven in nonmilitary applications. One limit to mass Army adoption has been lack of demonstrations while combating a ... |
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| Designing Roads and Retaining Structures for Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan |
JAN 2011 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Rosa T. Affleck; Shad Sargand; Andrew Russ; Farid Momand; Michelle C. Perez Canals; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| Since 2002, coalition forces have focused on efforts to reconstruct and create new infrastructure in Afghanistan to help stabilize the nation and improve trade and opportunities for a livelihood. The U.S. projects in Afghanistan used common American construction standards. Applying these standards to the projects appeared reasonable, but, in actual practice, these standards have been difficult to implement owing to limited access to technical information, lack of information about local ... |
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| Contrast Agents for Micro-Computed Tomography of Microdamage in Bone |
Jan 2011 |
133 pages |
| Authors:
Ryan K Roeder; NOTRE DAME UNIV IN
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| Novel methods were investigated for detecting damaged bone tissue using contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The presence, spatial location, and accumulation of fatigue microdamage in machined human cortical bone specimens and whole rat femora was non-destructively detected in vitro after labeling by barium sulfate precipitation, and was validated by conventional histology. Micro-CT enabled non-destructive imaging and provided 3-D spatial information, which are not possible using conventional histology. These new methods are ... |
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| A Scattering Center-Based Prediction Method for Shadowing and Two-Body Interactions |
13 DEC 2010 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Joshua L. Wilson; Brian W. Rybicki; Lea E. Johnson; Douglas M. Koltenuk; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH LEXINGTON LINCOLN LAB
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| The electromagnetic interaction between two closely-spaced objects can have a significant impact on the total radar cross section. In this paper, we present a simple approximate method for modeling the two-body interaction by adjusting scattering centers to account for shadowing and diffraction phenomenon. The problem is simplified by replacing the shadowed object with discrete ideal isotropic scatterers corresponding to the object's scattering center model. By applying reciprocity, the Green's function ... |
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| Low Impact Development Demonstration & Validation at a Southeastern Army Installation |
17 Jun 2010 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Richard J Scholze; Hal Balbach; Muhammad Sharif; John Wellborn; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Principles of Low Impact Development. EISA, Section 438 and other Army guidance promotes LID approaches over more traditional approaches for stormwater management. Manage stormwater close to where precipitation lands. Maintain or restore pre-development hydrology, reduce runoff volume and peak runoff rates and reduce potential transport of pollutants to receiving waters. Widely proven in nonmilitary applications. One limit to mass Army adoption has been lack of demonstrations while combating a perception ... |
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| Implementing Low Impact Development |
Jun 2010 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Bill E Sproul; ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF FOR INSTALLATION MANAGEMENT (ARMY) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Low Impact Development incorporates proven storm water management principles and technologies into project planning and design in order to manage storm water as close to where the precipitation lands as possible. This is done to maintain or restore the pre-development hydrology of the site, reduce runoff volume and peak runoff rates, and reduce the potential transport of pollutants to receiving waters. Cisterns/rain barrels, rain gardens, bi-retention cells, soil amendments, reforestation, ... |
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| Eagle's Wings |
Jun 2010 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Bill E Sproul; ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF FOR INSTALLATION MANAGEMENT (ARMY) WASHINGTON DC
|
| Low Impact Development incorporates proven storm water management principles and technologies into project planning and design in order to manage storm water as close to where the precipitation lands as possible. This is done to maintain or restore the pre-development hydrology of the site, reduce runoff volume and peak runoff rates, and reduce the potential transport of pollutants to receiving waters. |
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| Evaluation of the Weather Research and Forecast Model Over Dugway, Utah During 2009 |
Nov-2009 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Dumais; Robert Flanigan; Barbara Sauter; Jeffrey Passner; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE
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| The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) performed numerous case studies of the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at horizontal resolutions of 3 and 1 km to better understand weather output for military use. ARL's devised model sensitivity experiments of several WRF parameterizations including the vertical resolution of 40, 60, and 80 levels, model time steps of 9 and 3 seconds, three different explicit microphysics, ... |
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| Intraseasonal Variability Associated with Summer Precipitation Over South America Simulated by 14 IPCC AR4 Coupled GCMs |
Sep-2009 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Jialin Lin; Toshiaki Shinoda; B Leibermann; T Qian; W Han; P Roudy; J Zhou; Y Zheng; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| This study evaluates the intraseasonal variability associated with summer precipitation over South America in 14 coupled general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Eight years of each model's twentieth-century climate simulation are analyzed. Two dominant intraseasonal bands associated with summer precipitation over South America are focused on: the 40- and the 22 day band. The results show that in the ... |
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| Effect of the Andes Cordillera on Precipitation from a Midlatitude Cold Front |
SEP 2009 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Bradford S. Barrett; Rene D. Garreaud; Mark Falvey; NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| The effects of the Andes Cordillera, the major mountain range in South America, on precipitation patterns of baroclinic systems approaching from the southeast Pacific remain largely unstudied. This study focuses on a case in late May 2008 when an upper-level trough and surface cold front produced widespread precipitation in central Chile. The primary goal was to analyze the physical mechanisms responsible for the structure and evolution of the precipitation. Weather ... |
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| Climate Analysis and Long Range Forecasting of Dust Storms in Iraq |
Jun-2009 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Jacquelyn Crook; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Skillful long range forecasts of dust storms have the potential to be very useful in planning operations by the Department of Defense (DoD) and other organizations. Our study assessed the potential to predict Iraq dust storms at long lead times (e.g., several weeks to several months). We examined two variables that associated with dust storms: precipitation rate and surface winds. To characterize conditions during dust storms, we generated averages (conditional ... |
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| Application of a Ternary Phase-Field Model to Precipitation Behavior in Ni-Al-Cr Alloys (Preprint) |
Apr-2009 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
J P Simmons; C Woodward; Y H Wen; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE
|
| A recently developed ternary phase-field model is applied to study the precipitation behavior in Ni-Al-Cr alloys. The effect of diffusivity and initial compositional/ordering profiles on the growth process of precipitates are examined. Specifically, the composition evolution with time in the precipitates is simulated and compared with experimental observations by Sudbrack et al. The simulation work reveals that the CR- trapping phenomenon can only be reproduced with no significant partitioning of ... |
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| Tropical Cyclones within the Sedimentary Record: Analyzing Overwash Deposition from Event to Millennial Timescales |
Feb-2009 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan D Woodruff; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE JOINT PROGRAM IN APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
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| Tropical cyclone activity over the last 5000 years is investigated using overwash sediments from coastal lagoons on the islands of Vieques, Puerto Rico and Koshikijima, Japan. A simple sediment transport model can reproduce the landward fining deposits observed at Vieques, and reveals that although the record exhibits centennial-tomillennial changes in hurricane overwash frequency, the magnitude of these flooding events has remained relatively constant. Stochastic simulations of hurricane overwash show that ... |
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| Development Strategy for Effective Sampling to Detect Possible Nutrient Fluxes in Oligotrophic Coastal Reef Waters in the Caribbean |
Jan-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
W G Mendoza; R G Zika; J E Corredor; J S Morrel; D Ko; C N Mooers; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The stress contributed by nutrients to the coral reef ecosystem is among many problems that may be resolved using the coastal ocean observing system developed by various institutions. Traditional nutrient sampling has been inadequate to resolve issues on episodic nutrient fluxes in reef regions due spatial variability. This paper illustrates sampling strategy using COOS information to identify areas that need critical investigation. The area investigated the Puerto Rico subdomain. Nutrient ... |
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| A Sensitivity Study of the Kelvin Wave and the Madden-Julian Oscillation in Aquaplanet Simulations by the Naval Research Laboratory Spectral Element Atmospheric Model |
16 OCT 2008 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Young-Joon Kim; Francis X. Giraldo; Maria Flatau; Chi-Sann Liou; Melinda S. Peng; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS
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| The dynamical core of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Spectral Element Atmospheric Model (NSEAM) is coupled with full physics and used to investigate the organization and propagation of equatorial atmospheric waves under the aquaplanet conditions. The sensitivity of the model simulation to the amount of horizontal viscosity, distribution of the vertical levels, and selected details of the precipitation physics is examined and discussed mainly utilizing simulated convective precipitation with the ... |
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| Calibrated Mid-wave Infrared (IR) (MidIR) and Long-wave IR (LWIR) Stokes and Degree-of-Liner Polarization (DOLP) |
01-Sep-2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Melvin Felton; Kristan P Gurton; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES DIRECTORATE
|
| We present radiometric and polarimetric calibrated imagery recorded in both the mid-wave infrared (IR) (MidIR) and long-wave IR (LWIR) as a function of diurnal variation over several multiday periods. We compare differences in polarimetric and conventional thermal imagery for both IR atmospheric transmission windows, i.e., the 3-5 mu and 8-12 mu regions. Meteorological parameters measured during the study include temperature, relative humidity, wind speed/direction, precipitation, and ambient atmospheric IR loading. ... |
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| Climatic Variations in Tropical West African Rainfall and the Implications for Military Planners |
01-Jun-2008 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Christi S Montgomery; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| We have identified statistical and dynamical relationships between summer rainfall variations in tropical West Africa (TWA) and El Nino/La Nina (ENLN) events in the tropical Pacific. Our primary data sets were the National Centers for Environmental Prediction / National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis fields and the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) for the period 1970-2007. Correlations of TWA rainfall and MEI time series showed that high (low) TWA rainfall was ... |
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| FASST Soil Moisture, Soil Temperature: Original Versus New |
01-Apr-2008 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Frankenstein; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| This paper discusses only the differences between the original version of FASST (Frankenstein and Koenig 2004a, 2004b) and the new version. This report is intended as a supplement to the original model documentation. In its original incarnation, energy and mass transport associated with water vapor in the soil matrix were ignored. The author added these so that model usage could be expanded to include biological investigations yet still retain its ... |
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| Demonstration of GSSHA Hydrology and Sediment at Eau Galle Watershed Near Spring Valley, Wisconsin |
MAR 2008 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The purpose of this System-Wide Water Resources Program (SWWRP) technical note is to describe the application of the Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic (GSSHA) model to the analysis of the watershed upstream of Spring Valley Reservoir located near Spring Valley, WI. GSSHA was applied at this watershed to demonstrate the capability of the model to simulate the hydrology and sediment transport in the Upper Mississippi River Valley region. |
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| Long-Range Statistical Forecasting of Korean Summer Precipitation |
MAR 2008 |
145 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Tournay Robert C.; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| We examined long-range statistical forecasting methods for Korean summer precipitation (KSP). We reviewed existing literature on the East Asian summer monsoon to develop a background on current KSP research and on the relationship of KSP to climate variations. Second, we explored interannual variability of KSP using composite and correlation analyses. We found that circulation anomalies in the spring prior to the monsoon in the tropical northwest Pacific alter sea surface ... |
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| Estimation of Upstream Discharge in Data-Deprived Riverine Environments |
01-Jan-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
John E Brown; Cheryl A Blain; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEAN DYNAMICS AND PREDICTION BRANCH
|
| Rivers pose one of the most challenging environments to quantify as they contain elements of both land and water. Their dynamical scales are small in size relative to traditional ocean processes, and are ever-changing in their position and character. To compound the problem, many riverine environments of interest to the U.S. Navy are inaccessible or denied and typically have very little, if any, known information. To address the operational needs ... |
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| Air-Sea Fluxes and River Discharges in the Black Sea With a Focus on the Danube and Bosphorus |
Jan-2008 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Harley E Hurlburt; Alan J Wallcraft; A B Kara; E V Stanev; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Climatological variations in the Black Sea thermal and haline buoyancy fluxes are investigated. Analyses are performed to determine the relative contributions to net buoyancy flux from thermal and haline sources. In the Black Sea salinity is increased by Bosphorus and decreased by precipitation and the inflow from six major rivers. Monthly means of the latter are investigated in some detail. The effects of the two types of buoyancy flux are ... |
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| Satellite and Ground-Based Observations of Auroral Energy Deposition and the Effects on Thermospheric Composition During Large Geomagnetic Storms: 1. Great Geomagnetic Storm of 20 November 2003 |
2008 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
J. H. Hecht; T. Mulligan; D. J. Strickland; A. J. Kochenash; Y. Murayama; Y.-M Tanaka; D. S. Evans; M. G. Conde; E. F. Donovan; F. J. Rich; D. MORRISON; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| The great geomagnetic storm of 20-21 November 2003 was associated with the passage of magnetic cloud past the earth. The changes in thermospheric composition and particle precipitation are compared to those observed during geomagnetic activity on 17 November 2003, and during the intervening quieter period. We used data from (1) ground-based magnetometers, an imaging riometer, a scanning Doppler imaging Fabry-Perot, and photometers from stations in Alaska (2) photometers from Canadian ... |
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| The Interaction of Water and Aerosols in the Marine Boundary Layer: A Study of Selected Processes Impacting Radiative Transfer and Cloudiness |
30 SEP 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Dean A. Hegg; David S. Covert; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE DEPT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| The overarching, log term goal of the study is to explore the profound effect of aerosol-water interaction both on radiation propagation in, and the thermodynamic structure of, the marine boundary layer. Specific goals are: 1) compile a climatology of aerosol hygroscopicity for use in the NAAPS and COAMPS models, and, further, to develop a model parameterization of hygroscopicity based on aerosol size and composition for such models, 2) explore the ... |
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| Camp Humphreys, Korea, Groundwater Assessment |
SEP 2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Danny W. Harrelson; Mansour Zakikhani; Mathew J. Waterbury; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| This study was conducted to (a) determine the current groundwater production capacity using the pumping data from 21 production wells; (b) estimate potential recharge from rainfall and surface water sources; (c) determine total groundwater availability using precipitation and soil data, and predict the future water use assuming a potential increase of camp population from 7,500 to 40,000; and (d) estimate water availability in a land zone adjacent to the Camp ... |
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| Controlled Precipitation of Radiation Belt Particles |
23 AUG 2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Umran S. Inan; Timothy F. Bell; Timothy W. Chevalier; STANFORD UNIV CA SPACE TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND RADIOSCIENCE LAB (STAR)
|
| The Air Force Grant documented here directly resulted in the purchase of hardware eight VLF receivers. Five of these receivers have been deployed successfully and are operating regularly and reliably. The remaining are pending imminent deployment. The new receiver sites have enabled Stanford to jumpstart a fully-funded THY program, with funds from Stanford University and NASA, which will enable a great expansion of this network, and in addition, provides a ... |
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| ensembleBMA: An R Package for Probabilistic Forecasting using Ensembles and Bayesian Model Averaging |
15 AUG 2007 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Chris Fraley; Adrian E. Raftery; Tilmann Gneiting; J. M. Sloughter; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE DEPT OF STATISTICS
|
| ensembleBMA is a contributed R package for probabilistic forecasting using ensemble postprocessing via Bayesian Model Averaging. It provides functions for parameter estimation via the EM algorithm for normal mixture models "appropriate for temperature or pressure" and mixtures of gamma distributions with a point mass at 0 "appropriate for precipitation" from training data. Also included are functions giving quantile forecasts based on these models, as well as for verification. |
|
| Environmental Assessment for Construction of Storm Water Detection System at Storm Water Outfall #3, Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana |
Aug-2007 |
89 pages |
| Authors:
James Denier; Rachel Wieland; Eric Farrington; Jeanne DeFauw; AIR FORCE CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXCELLENCE BROOKS AFB TX
|
| The United States Air Force (USAF) has prepared this EA to assess the environmental and social impacts resulting from the proposed action to construct a storm water detention pond at storm water Outfall #3 planned for late Fiscal Year (FY) 2007 at Malmstrom AFB. This project proposes to construct a storm water detention pond at Malmstrom AFB storm water Outfall #3 to address flooding and erosion issues historically experienced at ... |
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| Which Near-Surface Atmospheric Variable Drives Air-Sea Temperature Difference over the Global Ocean? |
15 MAY 2007 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
A. B. Kara; Harley E. Hurlburt; W.-Y. Loh; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| This paper investigates the influence of atmospheric variables (net solar radiation, wind speed, precipitation and vapor mixing ratio, all of which are at or near the sea surface) on the annual and seasonal cycle of near surface air minus sea surface temperature (Tair-Tsst) over the global ocean. The importance order of these variables is discussed using several statistical methods and two global data sets. After demonstrating that neither Tair nor ... |
|
| In-situ Substrate Addition to Create Reactive Zones for Treatment of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Cost and Performance Report |
MAR 2007 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Lutes Mr. Chris; ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY TECHNOLOGY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM OFFICE (DOD) ARLINGTON VA
|
| Chlorinated solvent contamination of groundwater is a widespread problem at many military and civilian facilities. This class of compounds includes widely used chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAH) such as carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, trichloroethane, trichloroethene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene. In addition to their roles in many industrial processes, CAHs have been used extensively for cleaning and degreasing. The U.S. Armed Forces are faced with widespread, costly remediation problems related to these compounds. ... |
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| Long-Range Operational Military Forecasts for Iraq |
MAR 2007 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher M. Hanson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The military weather community is mandated by the Department of Defense (DoD) to provide accurate, timely, and reliable meteorological information necessary for commanders to exploit the best windows of opportunity for operations. In order to meet this mandate, the military must apply state-of-the-art longrange forecasting techniques. This study was motivated by the need for long-range forecasts for mission planning in Iraq. To develop these forecasts, we tested and adapted composite ... |
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| Summer Temperature Trend Over the Past Two Millennia Using Air Content in Himalayan Ice |
07 FEB 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
S. Hou; J. Chappellaz; J. Jouzel; P. C. Chu; V. Masson-Delmotte; D. Qin; D. Raynaud; P. A. Mayewski; V. Y. Lipenkov; S. Kang; DOMAINE UNIV GRENOBLE (FRANCE) LAB 3S
|
| Two Himalayan ice cores display a factor-two decreasing trend of air content over the past two millennia, in contrast to the relatively stable values in Greenland and Antarctica ice cores over the same period. Because the air content can be related with the relative frequency and intensity of melt phenomena, its variations along the Himalayan ice cores provide an indication of summer temperature trend. Our reconstruction point toward an unprecedented ... |
|
| Microbial Reduction of Structural Fe3+ in Nontronite by a Thermophilic Bacterium and its Role in Promoting the Smectite to Illite Reaction |
Jan-2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Gengxin Zhang; Hailiang Dong; Jinwook Kim; D D Eberl; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS SEAFLOOR SCIENCES DIRECTORATE
|
| The illitization process of Fe-rich smectite (nontronite NAu-2) promoted by microbial reduction of structural Fe(1*) was investigated by using a thermophilic metal-reducing bacterium, Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, isolated from the deep subsurface. T. ethanolicus was incubated with lactate as the sole electron donor and structural Fe(1*) in nontronite as the sole electron acceptor, and anthraquinone-2, 6- disulfonate (AQDS) as an electron shuttle in a growth medium (pH 6.2 and 9.2, 65 deg ... |
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| Factors Influencing the Mesoscale Variations in Marine Stratocumulus Albedo |
2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
D. A. Hegg; K. Nielsen; D. S. Covert; H. H. Jonsson; P. A. Durkee; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE DEPT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
|
| Measurements of both horizontal gradients and vertical profiles of aerosols, cloud droplets and thermodynamic parameters in the cloud topped marine boundary layer off of central California are presented. They suggest that, while aerosols can indeed modulate cloud albedo, other parameters such as sea surface temperature may similarly affect cloud albedo. Additionally, the impact of aerosols, through sedimentation and precipitation, on cloud optical depths and thus albedo is not always in ... |
|
| Purification and Protective Efficacy of Monomeric and Modified Yersina pestis Capsular F1-V Antigen Fusion Proteins for Vaccination Against Plague |
31 DEC 2006 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Jeremy L. Goodin; David F. Nellis; Bradford S. Powell; Vinay V. Vyas; Jeffrey T. Enama; Lena C. Wang; Patrick K. Clark; Steven L. Giardina; Jeffrey J. Adamovicz; Dennis F. Michiel; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
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| The F1-V vaccine antigen, protective against Yersinia pestis, exhibits a strong tendency to multimerize that affects larger-scale manufacture and characterization. In this work, the sole F1-V cysteine was replaced with serine by site-directed mutagenesis to enable characterization of F1-V non-covalent multimer interactions and protective potency without participation by covalent disulfide-linkages. F1-V and F1-VC424S proteins were over-expressed in Escherichia coli, recovered using mechanical lysis/pH-modulation and purified from urea-solubilized soft inclusion bodies, ... |
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| Precipitation in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys Modified With Sc and Zr During Aging (Preprint) |
DEC 2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
M. R. Shaghiev; S. V. Senkova; O. N. Senkov; UES INC DAYTON OH
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| This paper was developed under a SBIR contract. The effect of Sc additions on precipitation strengthening in AI-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was studied after natural and artificial aging. Phase analysis was performed using transmission electron microscopy and computer simulations. Microhardness of the alloys was studied after different steps of aging and the strengthening mechanisms were discussed. It was found that Sc does not affect the kinetics of aging at room temperature, which ... |
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| Point Defect Properties in Iron Chromium Alloys |
SEP 2006 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Harun Dogo; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| The behavior of Fe-Cr alloys under irradiation is in part controlled by the characteristics of point defects generated by high energy collision. Radiation enhanced diffusion and radiation induced precipitation are among the mechanisms that lead to changes in the microstructure under irradiation, and are thus controlling effects such as swelling and precipitation. Point defects in Fe-Cr alloys are diverse in nature due to their interaction with a variety of local ... |
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| Space Weather Applications of the UAF Eulerian Parallel Polar Ionosphere Model (EPPIM) |
01 JUN 2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Sergei Maurits; Anton Kulchitsky; Brenton Watkins; ALASKA UNIV FAIRBANKS
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| UAF EPPIM is the first principles theoretical model of the polar ionosphere, which covers region pole ward from 50 N of geomagnetic latitude, and altitudes from 80 to 900-1000 km. If available, the model can input real data or, conversely, it is capable of generating all necessary inputs using statistical modules (e.g., MSIS, electric field, precipitation intensity, etc.) incorporated into the model and driven by the standard set of geophysical ... |
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| The Relationship Between Cloud-to-Ground Lightning and Precipitations Ice Mass: A Radar study over Houston |
JUN 2006 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Michael L. Gauthier; Walter A. Petersen; Lawrence D. Carey; Jr. Christian Hugh J.; ALABAMA UNIV IN HUNTSVILLE
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| Using seven summer-seasons (1997-2003, over 46,000 volumes) of NEXRAD data, coincident climatologies of summer-season ground flash densities and radar derived, column integrated, precipitation ice mass (IM) were developed, extending global studies of IM and lightning to more regional and cell scales around Houston, TX. Results indicate that local maximums in cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning were indeed accompanied by peaks in IM. Extending previous global findings to cell-scales, we establish a link ... |
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| Environmental Support to Space Launch |
31 MAY 2006 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Sheryl F. Thorp; Mike Kapel; BOSTON COLL CHESTNUT HILL MA INST FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
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| We investigated environmental impacts to space launch at the Eastern and Western Ranges. In order to develop a truly responsive launch capability significant research needs to be conducted in specification and prediction of the atmosphere below 50,000 ft. Present research shows that weather is the leading cause of cancelled space launches (51% at Eastern Range and 58% at Western Range). The ability to forecast weather in support of current requirements ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
PRECIPITATION
