| Biotic and Abiotic Interactions of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent-Endemic Fish on the East Pacific Rise |
Sep-2009 |
150 pages |
| Authors:
Kate L Buckman; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
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 | A study of the ecology of fish endemic to hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise was undertaken utilizing a variety of techniques, focusing on the bythitid Thermichthys hollisi. Stable isotope and gut content analyses were used to elucidate prey choice and trophic relationships. Otolith chemical signatures were investigated to determine whether this technique could be utilized to examine life history strategy and habitat use. Chemical characteristics of preferred fish ... |
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| Dredged Material Analysis Tools; Performance of Acute and Chronic Sediment Toxicity Methods |
APR 2008 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffery Steevens; Alan Kennedy; Daniel Farrar; Cory McNemar; Mark R. Reiss; Roy K. Kropp; Jon Doi; Todd Bridges; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| This report and research were supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers New York District and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 2. The work was conducted to provide insight into the potential advantages and disadvantages of using chrome semi toxicity tests with relevant benthic micro invertebrates as part of dredged material evaluations, as described in the Inland and Ocean Testing Mammals (USEPA/USACE 1991, 1998). Nine sediments collected from the ... |
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| The Effects of Surface Texture, Flow, and Dissolved Cues from Biofilms on Settlement and Attachment of Fouling Organisms to Marine Coatings |
12 JAN 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Michael G. Hadfield; HAWAII UNIV AT MANOA HONOLULU
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| This study investigated the effects of natural and man-made coatings on the settlement and adhesion of larvae of fouling organisms onto surfaces in realistic water-flow conditions characteristic of harbors, where the colonization of ships by fouling organisms takes place. The objectives were as follows: (1) supply larvae for experiments from target species representing different phyla, swimming capabilities, and attachment mechanisms; (2) measure water velocity profiles and turbulence near submerged surfaces ... |
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| Mitochondrial Genomics and Northwestern Atlantic Population Genetics of Marine Annelids |
SEP 2005 |
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| Authors:
Robert M. Jennings; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
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 | The overarching goal of this thesis was to investigate marine benthic invertebrate phylogenetics and population genetics, focused on the phylum Annelida. Recent expansions of molecular methods and the increasing diversity of available markers have allowed more complex and fine-scale questions to be asked at a variety of taxonomic levels. At the phylogenetic level, whole mitochondrial genome sequencing of two polychaetes supports the placement of leeches and oligochaetes within the polychaete ... |
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| Digestive Kinetics Determines Bioavailability of Pollutants |
19 APR 1999 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Peter A. Jumars; Lawrence M. Mayer; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| We assayed digestive capabilities of marine deposit feeders (animals that eat sediments) by using fluorescently tagged substrates and contact-angle measurements of surfactancy. Polychaetes on average showed higher enzyme activities and surfactancy than echinoderms. We found that surfactants produced by deposit feeders substantially enhance their abilities to solubilize hydrophobic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Amounts solubilized were consistent with incorporation into micelles of the surfactant. Kinetics of PAH uptake ... |
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| Digestive Kinetics Determines Bloavailability of Pollutants |
01 JAN 1998 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Robert H. Findlay; MIAMI UNIV FL
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| (1) Determine digestive physiology of deposit feeders; (2) Determine the fraction of total pollutants in sediments released during incubation of polluted sediments with digestive fluid of deposit feeders; (3) Examine partitioning of pollutants in sediments, mechanism of digestive fluid solubilization, and design an in vitro method to measure their bioavailability. |
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| A Chronic Sublethal Sediment Bioassay with the Marine Polychaete Nereis (Neanthes) arenaceodentata |
JAN 1995 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Tom M. Dillon; David W. Moore; Todd S. Bridges; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| This note provides a general overview of a new 28-day chronic sublethal sediment bioassay designed for the regulatory evaluation of dredged material. The bioassay uses survival and growth rate endpoints with the polychaete Nereis (Neanthes) arenaceodentata. The primary technical reference for this new bioassay is Dillon, Moore, and Reish (in press), upon which this overview is based. |
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| Chronic Sublethal Effects of San Francisco Bay Sediments on Nereis (Neanthes) arenaceodentata; Effect of Storage Time on Sediment Toxicity |
APR 94 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
David W. Moore; Thomas M. Dillon; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| This report was designed to address concerns regarding the effect of sediment storage time on toxicity. To this end, seven San Francisco Bay area sediments and a 'clean' control sediment were evaluated in chronic sublethal tests with the marine polychaete worm Nereis (Neanthes) arenaceodentata. Juvenile worms (2 to 3 weeks postemergence) were exposed for 21 days. Test end points were survival and growth. Sediment toxicity was evaluated initially (within 30 ... |
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| Molecular Marine Symbiosis |
30 SEP 91 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel E. Morse; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA MARINE SCIENCE INST
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| We advance both our in vitro dissection of the molecular mechanisms controlling larval attachment and metamorphosis of the mollusc, Haliotis rufescens, and our characterization of the molecular adhesive and the mechanisms controlling fouling by the cementing polychaete, Phragmatopoma Californica. Our results Show that the chemosensory mechanisms and the internal signal transducers mediating the induction of larval attachment and metamorphosis in both Phragmatopoma and Haliotis larvae are highly related at the ... |
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| Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (North Atlantic): Rainbow Smelt |
AUG 89 |
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| Authors:
Jack Buckley; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV AMHERST DEPT OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
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| Species profiles are literature summaries of the taxonomy, life history, and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and aquatic invertebrates. They are designed to assist with environmental impact assessments. The rainbow smelt is an abundant forage fish for commercially and recreationally valuable fishes such as striped bass and bluefish on the east coast and several species of salmon and trout in the Great Lakes. The rainbow smelt also supports an important ... |
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| Dredging Operations Technical Support Program: Preliminary Investigationof the Short-Term Effects of Storms on Sedimentary Characteristics and the Nearshore Fauna Using the Sediment Profiling Came |
SEP 88 |
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| Authors:
Christine A. Miller-Way; David A. Nelson; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| A pilot study was conducted to investigate the short-term effects of disturbance by storms on nearshore sandy-bottom habitats at Duck, N. C., in October 1986. Sedimentary characteristics and benthic faunal composition were assessed using a sediment profiling camera system and traditional benthic sampling technique. Technical problems precluded benthic sampling during the prestorm period. Poststorm sampling at five stations showed that the nearshore benthic fauna can be divided ... |
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| Field Verification Program (Aquatic Disposal): Comparison of Field and Laboratory Bioaccumulation of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants from Black Rock Harbor Dredged Material |
MAY 88 |
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| Authors:
James L. Lake; Walter Galloway; Gerald Hoffman; William Nelson; K. J. Scott; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| The utility of laboratory tests for predicting bioaccumulation of contaminants in the field was evaluated by comparing the identities, relative abundances, and quantities of organic and inorganic contaminants accumulated by organisms exposed to dredged material in both laboratory and field studies. The organisms used were Mytilus edulis (a filter-feeding bivalve) and Nephtys incisa (a benthic polychaete). These organisms were exposed in the laboratory and in the field to a contaminated ... |
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| Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (North Atlantic), Sandworm and Bloodworm |
APR 88 |
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| Authors:
W. H. Wilson Jr.; R. E. Ruff; MANOMET BIRD OBSERVATORY MA
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| Species profiles are literature summaries of the taxonomy, morphology, range, life history, and environmental requirements of coastal aquatic species. They are prepared to assist in environmental impact assessment. The sandworm (Nereis virens) is a commercially valuable baitworm, reaching lengths of 30 cm. Most worms lives 4 or 5 years. Males swarm in the water column before spawning in the females' burrows. Both males and females die after spawning. A planktonic ... |
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| Species Profiles. Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico). Pigfish |
MAR 87 |
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| Authors:
Frederick C. Sutter; Thomas D. McIlwain; GULF COAST RESEARCH LAB OCEAN SPRINGS MS
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| Species profiles are literature summaries of the taxanomy, morphology, range, life history, and environmental requirements of costal aquatic species. They are designed to assist in environmental impact assessment. Pigfish are common inhabitants of warm gulf waters. Pigfish spawn during late winter and spring in open gulf waters. Young fish first appear in nearshore or estuarine environments in April to June. Juvenile pigfish may school with other species of fish (e.g. ... |
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| Benthic Resources Assessment Technique Evaluation of Disposal Sites in Puget Sound and Adjacent Waters |
DEC 86 |
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| Authors:
Douglas G. Clarke; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| This evaluation, based on samples taken in June and July, 1986 at 4 study areas (Commencement Bay, Elliott Bay, Port Gardner, and Saratoga Passage), provides comparative assessments of benthic habitat quality at the study areas in terms of potential trophic support for bottom-feeding fishes. The results of this study are particularly relevant to use of the proposed sites by Dover and English soles. Study findings include: 1) Taxonomic composition (at ... |
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| Dredging Operations Technical Support Program. Effectiveness of Capping in Isolating Dutch Kills Sediment from Biota and the Overlying Water |
JUN 86 |
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| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Ronald E. Hoeppel; Thomas C. Sturgis; Issac Smith Jr.; Douglas Gunnison; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| The effectiveness of capping in chemically and biologically isolating contaminated dredged material was investigated using laboratory reactor units. The ability of Buttermilk Channel cap materials to isolate contaminated dredged material was assessed in the large reactor units by following the movement of chemical contaminants and microbial spores contained in the capped dredged material into the overlying water column and by monitoring the biological uptake of chemical contaminants by clams and ... |
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| Effectiveness of Capping in Isolating Contaminated Dredged Material from Biota and the Overlying Water |
NOV 85 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Brannon; Ronald E. Hoeppel; Thomas C. Sturgis; Issac Smith Jr.; Douglas Gunnison; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| The effectiveness of capping in chemically and biologically isolating contaminated dredged material was investigated using large- (250 pound) and small- (22.6 pound) scale laboratory reactor units. The ability of various cap materials to isolate contaminated dredged material was assessed in the large reactor units by following the movement of chemical contaminants and microbial spores contained in the capped dredged material into the overlying water column and by monitoring the biological ... |
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| Field Verification Program (Aquatic Disposal). Use of Bioenergetics to Investigate the Impact of Dredged Material on Benthic Species: A Laboratory Study with Polychaetes and Black Rock Harbor Material |
SEP 85 |
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| Authors:
D. M. Johns; Ruth Gutjahr-Gobell; Paul Schauer; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| Both solid phase and particulate phase assays were conducted with two species of polychaetes to determine the accuracy and reproducibility of conducting bioenergetic studies on polychaetes exposed to highly contaminated dredged sediment. The two species tested were Nephtys incisa, and errant burrowing sediment ingestor, and Neanthes arenaceodentata, a tube-building surface feeder. Exposure to various treatments was for 10 days. Results with both species of polychaetes indicate that, with few exceptions, ... |
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| Field Verification Program (Aquatic Disposal). Sister Chromatid Exchange in Marine Polychaetes Exposed to Black Rock Harbor Sediment |
JUL 85 |
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| Authors:
Gerald G. Pesch; Carol E. Pesch; A. R. Malcolm; Peter F. Rogerson; George R. Gardner; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| This report evaluates the use of the cytogenetic technique of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) to measure potential mutagenic activity associated with contaminated dredged material. The three primary objectives were to test the applicability of the SCE technique, to field verify any responses observed in the laboratory, and to determine the degree of correlation between the bioaccumulation of contaminants and the SCE response. This project was part of the US Environmental ... |
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| Important Meroplankton of the Lower Chesapeake Bay and Proposed Norfolk Disposal Site. II. Crustaceans and Ichthyoplankton |
MAR 85 |
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| Authors:
Arthur J. Butt; Raymond W. Alden III; Robert J. Young Jr; OLD DOMINION UNIV NORFOLK VA APPLIED MARINE RESEARCH LAB
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| Meroplankton which move through the area in ecological significant numbers are blue crab larvae, Bay anchovy larvae, bivalve veligers, polychaeta larvae, larvaceans, and the sand shrimp larvae. The study found many of the estuarine species maintain reproductive strategies that allow their larval forms to be retained within the vicinity of parent populations. Larvae of these forms select the subsurface waters preventing their explusion from the estuary. Other species routinely are ... |
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| Dietary Accumulation of PCBs from a Contaminated Sediment Source by a Demersal Fish Species (Leiostomus xanthurus) |
NOV 1984 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
N. I. Rubinstein; W. T. Gilliam; N. R. Gregory; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
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| Accumulation and dietary transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from contaminated harbor sediments were studied in a laboratory food chain consisting of sediments, polychaetes (Nereis virens), and a predatory fish (Leiostomusxanthurus). The study was conducted in two phases to distinguish dietary uptake from PCB accumulation resulting from sediment exposure alone. In Phase I, fish and polychaetes were separately exposed to field-collected, PCB- contaminated sediments (5.2 ug/g dry weight as Aroclor 1242 ... |
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| A Guide to the Principal Marine Fouling Organisms, with Particular Reference to Cockburn Sound, W.A. |
JUL 1982 |
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| Authors:
John A. Lewis; MATERIALS RESEARCH LABS ASCOT VALE (AUSTRALIA)
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| The principal types of marine fouling organisms collected from the marine exposure raft at HMAS STIRLING, Cockburn Sound, Western Australia, are described and twenty-nine of the most abundant species illustrated. Less common species are listed and references given to facilitate further identification of fouling species both at this site and elsewhere in Australia. (Author) |
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| The Ecology of the Benthic and Endolithic Communities of a Rocky Reef in the Kelp Beds off Del Monte Beach, Monterey, California |
JUN 1981 |
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| Authors:
Richard Gurney Hoffman Jr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Divers, using SCUBA equipment, conducted an ecological survey along two transects on a large reef-like feature in the exposed shale off Del Monte Beach. A population census and notes concerning the relative location of the various organisms, including the identification of 248 species, is presented. The vertical variations of the populations of bivalve borers and associated benthic and endolithic organisms was investigated. The major environmental factors controlling the populations in ... |
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| A Study of the Invertebrates and Fishes of Salt Marshes in Two Oregon Estuaries |
JUN 1981 |
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| Authors:
Duane L. Higley; Robert L. Holton; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Sweep nets, corers, enclosures, and clip-quadrat samplers were used to collect both quantitative and nonquantitative samples of invertebrates in level marsh, pan, tidal creek, and tidal flat habitats located in seven study areas representing various types of marsh. Fish in these habitats, as well as in a slough and in bay channels, were sampled by seine and otter trawls. Community taxonomic composition and trophic structure, along with fish stomach contents, ... |
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| Drag Enhancement of Microbial Slime Films on Rotating Discs. |
27 MAR 1981 |
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| Authors:
George I. Loeb; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
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| Recent advances in anti-fouling technology have made control of macroscopic fouling organisms (barnacles, bryozoans and tubeworms) feasible. Among the limiting factors in fast ship performance in the absence of macrofouling are the hydrodynamic drag of hull coatings themselves, the drag increment caused by microbial fouling of hull coatings, and losses in propulsion efficiency resulting from microbial colonization of propellers. This work assesses the significance of microbial colonization of organic and ... |
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| Central Nervous Ionic Homeostasis (Ionic Regulation by the Insect Blood-Brain Barrier). |
MAR 1980 |
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| Authors:
John E. Treherne; CAMBRIDGE UNIV (ENGLAND) DEPT OF ZOOLOGY
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| This investigation has used invertebrate nervous systems to elucidate two basic aspects of central nervous ionic homeostasis: neuronal adaptations to ionic and osmotic stress and ionic homeostasis of the brain microenvironment. The research on the giant axons of polychaetes has established the important principle that some nerve cells can adapt to very large changes in the composition of their immediate fluid environment. These adaptations involve structural modification and changes in ... |
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| Effects of Ship-Induced Waves in an Ice Environment on the St. Marys River Ecosystem |
JAN 1980 |
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| Authors:
T. P. Poe; T. A. Edsall; J. K. Hiltunen; FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE ANN ARBOR MI GREAT LAKES FISHERY LAB
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| The Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory agreed to provide a base of information for evaluating the effects on fish, fish-food organisms, and fish habitat at those sites of ship-induced, under-ice surge waves, created by vessel passage in the adjacent ice-covered navigation channel. Macroinvertebrates of 56 taxa were identified in 75 Ponar grab samples taken during January-April at Frechette Point and Six Mile Point. Chronomidae (midge larvae), Oligochaeta (worms), and Gastropoda (snails) ... |
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| Dredge Disposal Study, San Francisco Bay and Estuary. Appendix N. Addendum. |
SEP 1978 |
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| Authors:
CORPS OF ENGINEERS SAN FRANCISCO CALIF SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT
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| In April 1972, the San Francisco District of the United States Army Corps or Engineers initiated a study to quantify the impact of dredging and dredged sediment disposal operations on the environment of San Francisco Bay and Estuary. The study has generated factual data, based on field and laboratory studies, needed for the Federal, State and local regulatory agencies to evaluate present dredging policies and alternative disposal methods. The study ... |
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| Aquatic Disposal Field Investigations, Duwamish Waterway Disposal Site, Puget Sound, Washington. Appendix F. Recolonization of Benthic Macofauna Over a Deep-Water Disposal Site. |
JUN 1978 |
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| Authors:
Robert A. Harman; John C. Serwold; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MISS
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| Seasonal monitoring of benthic macrofauna and fish stomach contents was conducted over a deep (64 m) experimental disposal site in the Duwamish River-influenced portion of Elliott Bay, Puget Sound, Washington. Triplicate samples were collected during a 9-month sampling period within the disposal site and at four reference stations, two from the greater (east side) and two from the lesser (west side) river-influenced portions of the bay. The areal extent of ... |
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| Patterns of Succession in Benthic Infaunal Communities Following Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal in Monterey Bay. |
OCT 1977 |
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| Authors:
John S. Oliver; Peter N. Slattery; Larry W. Hulberg; James W. Nybakken; MOSS LANDING MARINE LABS CALIF
|
| This report deals with the patterns of benthic succession in soft-bottom marine communities. The primary study objective was to elucidate and evaluate the mechanisms that control these patterns. Benthic succession is the pattern of community recovery following a perturbation. Controlled perturbations of bottom communities were effected by the dredging of locations in Moss Landing Harbor and by the disposal of dredged material in Monterey Bay, Calif. The general pattern of ... |
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| A Comparison of the Marine Fouling Occurring at the Two Principal Australian Naval Dockyards, |
APR 1977 |
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| Authors:
G. R. Russ; MATERIALS RESEARCH LABS ASCOT VALE (AUSTRALIA)
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| A comparison of the marine fouling occurring at the two principal Australian Naval Dockyards (Garden Island Naval Dockyard, Sydney and Williamstown Naval Dockyard, Hobsons Bay) has been carried out. The sequences of change in the fouling communities settling on non-toxic panels immersed for periods of up to 12 months at each site are recorded and aspects of successional change in these communities are discussed. Aspects of seasonal variations in fouling ... |
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| The Benthic Fauna and Sediments of the Nearshore Zone Off Panama City Beach, Florida. |
AUG 1976 |
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| Authors:
Carl H. Saloman; NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE PANAMA CITY FLA PANAMA CITY LAB
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| This study presents: (1) basic data on the benthic fauna and surface sediments of the nearshore zone of Panama City Beach, Fla., before restoration of the beach, and (2) the results of a study on the effect of Hurricane Eloise on the benthic fauna in the swash zone of Panama City Beach. Surface sediments were analyzed for particle-size distribution, percent carbon, organic carbon and carbonate, and statistical factors. The surface ... |
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| Deep-Ocean Biodeterioration of Materials. Part 6. One Year at 2,370 Feet |
MAY 67 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
James S. Muraoka; NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LAB PORT HUENEME CA
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| As Part VI of a series of reports on the biological deterioration of materials in the deep ocean, this report covers the data obtained after exposing metallic and nonmetallic specimens for 03.4 months on the floor of the Pacific Ocean at a depth of 2,370 feet (Test Site II). The specimens were attached to a Submersible Test Unit that was emplaced in April 0965 and retrieved in May 1966. Preliminary ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
POLYCHAETA
