| Nanofluidic Pre-Concentration Devices for Enhancing the Detection Sensitivity and Selectivity of Biomarkers for Human Performance Monitoring |
01 Dec 2012 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Chia-Fu Chou; ACADEMIA SINICA NANKANG TAIPEI (TAIWAN) INST OF PHYSICS
|
 | Mass transport has generally been recognized as a major limiting factor in the sensitivity and performance of miniaturized sensor platforms. To overcome this limitation, a new approach, termed molecular dam, has been developed to enhance mass transport for protein enrichment in nanofluidic channels by nanoscale electrodeless dielectrophoresis under physiological buffer conditions. The researchers demonstrated protein enrichment factor to be greater than 105-fold in 20 seconds, which is orders of magnitude ... |
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| Remote Sensing Plant Stress Using Combined Fluorescence and Reflectance Measurements for Early Detection of Defoliants within the Battlefield Environment |
02 Oct 2012 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Donald R Young; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
|
| Leaf fluorescence spectral characteristics were fused with reflectance hyperspectral data to remotely sense vegetation/terrain conditions. Field measurements were conducted at the Virginia Coast Reserve, NSF, long-term ecological research site and at Ft. A.P. Hill. Laboratory experiments and field measurements incorporated relevant battlefield contaminants and natural environmental stresses. Goals were to 1) link leaf fluorescence and reflectance patterns and plant physiological responses with different kinds and degrees of environmental stress, 2) ... |
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| Reduction of Risk for Low Back Injury in Theater of Operations |
Oct 2012 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
William S Quillen; John Mayer; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA TAMPA
|
| Specific aim: The specific aim of this project is to assess the effectiveness of a high intensity progressive resistance exercise training program targeting the l umbar extensors to improve lumbar extensor muscular strength and endurance (the desired physiological responses) in US Army Soldiers. Hypothesis: A high intensity progressive resistance exercise for the lumbar extensors will result in a 25% increase in lumbar extensor muscular strength and endurance compared with control ... |
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| Role of the Inflammasome in Asbestos-Induced Mesothelioma Formation |
Oct 2012 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph R Testa; FOX CHASE CANCER CENTER PHILADELPHIA PA
|
| The investigations proposed in this idea award grant are aimed at addressing the requirement of asbestos-induced inflammation in the pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma (MM). Cancer-related inflammation (CRI) within the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor progression in many human malignancies. MM tumor samples have hallmarks of CRI including macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine production. We intend to evaluate the role of asbestos-induced inflammation in the formation of MM by genetically and ... |
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| Development of a Novel Microfluidic Platform for Multiple Sclerosis Study |
01 Aug 2012 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
In H Yang; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
| Neural stem cells (NSC) are multipotent cells isolated from striatal tissue and the subventricular zone, which is one of a few neurogenic areas in the adult brain. Evidence suggests that NSC proliferation and differentiation occur under physiological conditions and can be enhanced in certain pathological conditions following neural damage. However, the communication between soluble factors of inflammatory T cells and NSCs that affect the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs remain ... |
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| Health Risk Assessment of Women in Submarines (Phase III): Two Generation Developmental and Reproductive Safety Evaluation of Major Submarine Atmosphere Components (CO, CO2, and O2) in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) |
31 May 2012 |
133 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel J Hardt; R A James; Jr Gut Chester P; Shawn M McInturf; Michael L Gargas; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH UNIT DAYTON WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This study evaluated general, reproductive and developmental effects on male and female rats exposed to mixed atmospheres of three critical submarine air components (CO, CO2, and O2) at concentrations approximating the existing submarine standards for continuous exposure limits (CELs) and emergency exposure limits (24-hour EEL and 1-hour EEL). This report describes a 90-day, two-generation evaluation of the general health and reproductive effects in male and female rats exposed to atmospheres ... |
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| Self-Cooling Gradient Shell for Body Armor |
10 May 2012 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Igor Luzinov; Konstantin G Komev; CLEMSON UNIV SC SCHOOL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| Current methods of reducing physiological strain on a soldier wearing armor vest need significant improvement. To this end, the major objective of this work was to conduct research on development of effective lightweight evaporative cooling system capable of delivering significant cooling effect without or with minimal power requirements and additional weight load. During the project we developed major methodology and equipment to measure cooling power and temperature effect of virtually ... |
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| An Investigation of Three Extremity Armor Systems: Determination of Physiological, Biomechanical, and Physical Performance Effects and Quantification of Body Area Coverage |
19 Mar 2012 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Leif Hasselquist; Carolyn K Bensel; Brian Corner; Karen N Gregorczyk; ARMY NATICK SOLDIER RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER MA
|
| This report documents an evaluation of three personal protective systems designed to be worn with armor vests for the ballistic protection of the arms and legs. The systems were similar in weight (6 kg), but differed in the extent of the body surface area they covered. Eleven Army enlisted men participated in the assessment of the relative effects of the extremity armor and of an armor vest worn alone on ... |
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| A Proposed Mediation Model of the Effects of Motivation for a Healthy Lifestyle: Impacts on Emotional Exhaustion, Medication Regimens, and Low-Density Lipoprotein |
Mar 2012 |
119 pages |
| Authors:
Nathan M Leuthold; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This research addressed the following question: How are behavioral indicators related to physiological responses? Three theories -- Conservation of Resources, Planned Behavior, and Achievement Motivation -- were employed to build a proposed model of the effects that an individual's motivation for a healthy lifestyle would have on his/her emotional exhaustion, daily medication usage, and low-density lipoproteins. Motivation for a healthy lifestyle was hypothesized to have a negative relationship with emotional ... |
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| Probabilistic Model for Laser Damage to the Human Retina |
Mar 2012 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Wooddell David A; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Understanding how lasers interact with media during propagation is a premiere field of physics. The subject area known as laser bioeffects explores laser interactions with biological cells, tissues, organs, and bodies. This research includes laser applications used in medicine, establishes safe exposure limits for industry and academia, and generally studies the many effects of laser light on living creatures. The bioeffects community relies heavily on deterministic modeling and simulation tools ... |
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| Relative Condition Factors of Fish as Bioindicators One Year after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill |
01 Feb 2012 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Joshua Courtney; Taylor Klinkmann; Amy Courtney; Joseph Torano; Michael Courtney; BTG RESEARCH COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
| Creel surveys were performed over a three week period in late spring, 2011, in the Lafourche and Calcasieu area estuaries of the Louisiana Gulf Coast. Weights and lengths were measured for black drum (Pogonias cromis), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and relative condition factors were calculated relative to expected weights from the long term (5 year) Louisiana data for each species. A normal relative condition factor ... |
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| Methodology Report for H2SModel |
Jan 2012 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
D Oldson; D Crary; B Asgharian; S Watson; G McClellan; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC ARLINGTON VA
|
| Hydrogen sulfide is similar in pathophysiology to cyanide in that it binds to mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase. By blocking oxidative respiration at the cellular level its effects are most evident in tissues with high metabolic demand such as the central nervous system, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. The onset of signs and symptoms is rapid. Hydrogen sulfide also has local irritant effects, particularly upon the nose and membranes of the upper respiratory ... |
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| Behavioral and Physiological Response of Musca domestica to Colored Visual Targets |
Jan 2012 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
II Diclaro J W; L W Cohnstaedt; R M Pereira; S A Allan; P G Koehler; NAVY ENTOMOLOGY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE JACKSONVILLE FL
|
| A better understanding of the visual attraction of house flies to colors and patterns is needed to improve fly trap performance. This study combined physiological responses measured with electroretinogram studies of the house fly's compound eyes and ocelli with behavioral attraction of flies to reflective colors and patterns in light tunnel assays. Compound eye and ocellar electroretinogram responses to reflected light were similar, with the largest responses to white and ... |
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| Methodology Report for Phosgene Model (CGModel) |
Jan 2012 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Darren Oldson; Gene McClellan; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC ARLINGTON VA
|
| Phosgene (NATO designation CG) was used as a chemical weapon in WW I. When inhaled it acts on lung tissues (and eyes) by hydrolysis and acylation reactions, causing irritation and damaging of pulmonary tissue membranes leading to respiratory failure and eventually cardiac failure and death, at high enough exposures. Given a vapor exposure, CGModel calculates four time values related to injury progression. Using a time dependent severity vector that quantifies ... |
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| Directed Energy in the Military Environment |
Jan 2012 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Leedjia Svec; Jeremy Beer; Dave Freeman; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN DIV VA
|
| The military operates in the land, air, and maritime environments. In each of these environments, lasers and laser devices are increasingly being seen and used in a variety of ways. Accordingly, the military must protect itself and civilians from the potentially dangerous effects of lasers and other directed-energy devices. Lasers are being used on the ground to determine the intentions of people who approach checkpoints and to dissuade aircraft from ... |
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| Characterization of Human Serum Butyrylcholinesterase in Rhesus Monkeys: Behavioral and Physiological Effects |
Jan 2012 |
1 pages |
| Authors:
Todd M Myers; Wei Sun; Ramachandra S Naik; Matthew G Clark; Bhupendra P Doctor; Ashima Saxena; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The effects of a large dose of human serum butyrylcholinesterase (HuBChe) were evaluated in rhesus monkeys using a serial-probe recognition (SPR) task designed to assess attention and short-term memory. |
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| Applying Neuroscience to Enhance Tactical Leader Cognitive Performance in Combat |
16 Dec 2011 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew C Steadman; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| The U.S. Army relies on tactical-level leaders not for their physical warfighting skills, but for their ability to employ cognitive thought during stressful situations. Cognitive tasks include sensing patterns, deciphering complex environments, creating novel solutions, and synchronizing multiple battlefield systems, to name but a few. The physiological response to combat can degrade that cognitive capability, preventing leaders from performing tasks critical to unit success. This thesis approached tactical combat leadership ... |
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| Human Neural Cell-Based Biosensor |
11 Oct 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Steven L Stice; Jamie Chilton; Allan Powe; ARUNA BIOMEDICAL INC ATHENS GA
|
| Human neural progenitors have a strong potential for use as cell-based biosensors for environmental toxins. Here, we report the following accomplishments in developing a neural cell-based biosensor. (1) We developed iPSC equivalents for the ESC-derived hNP1 neural progenitor and hN2 mixed neuronal cell lines, giving us the capability to create disease-specific neural cells from patient fibroblasts. (2) We continue to optimize our novel approach for hNP1 differentiation into dopaminergic neurons ... |
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| Towards a Fast Dynamic Model of the Human Circulatory System |
06 Oct 2011 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
M A Green; C R Kaplan; J P Boris; E S Oran; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| We describe a model for blood transport in the human circulatory system that is based on a set of equations for an unsteady elastic pipe-flow circuit. The Navier-Stokes equations are collapsed from three spatial dimensions and time to one spatial dimension and time by assuming axisymmetric vessel geometry and a parabolic velocity profile across the cylindrical vessels. Contractions of a beating heart that drive the fluid are modeled as prescribed ... |
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| Android Smartphone Relevance to Military Weather Applications |
Oct 2011 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
David Sauter; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES DIRECTORATE/BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONMENT DIV
|
| Android Smartphone devices provide a mobile, powerful, versatile and relatively inexpensive computing platform that is potentially well suited for use by the military. Applications (apps) are relatively easy to develop and deploy for tailored military use. An additional benefit to the military is that many of today's Soldiers are already familiar with the operation of these types of devices, so little training is required. On the downside, screen sizes can ... |
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| Flight Attendant Fatigue: A Quantitative Review of Flight Attendant Comments |
Oct 2011 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Katrina B Avers; Darin Nei; S J King; Suzanne Thomas; Carrie Roberts; Joy O Banks; Thomas E Nesthus; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| Today's aviation industry is a 24/7 operation that produces a variety of challenges for cabin crew members, including extended duty periods, limited time off, frequent time zone changes, jet lag, less-than-optimal sleeping conditions, and nonstandard work hours such as night duty and rotating schedules. Despite operational requirements, the body's biological need for sleep does not change. In other words, individuals are not physiologically prepared to operate effectively on the 24/7 ... |
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| Predicting Individual Differences in Response to Sleep Loss |
15 Sep 2011 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph F Chandler; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH UNIT DAYTON WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Fatigue resulting from poor or insufficient sleep is commonplace in the modern military. Previous work at this laboratory sought to validate the use of noninvasive eye-tracking (PMI FIT 2000) and cognitive (FlightFit) performance tests to detect individual impairment due to fatigue in a military population (see technical report: DTIC ADA522106). Over the course of 25 hours of continual wakefulness in a laboratory setting, eye-tracking measures of saccadic velocity (eye movement ... |
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| Diver Health Monitoring System |
15 Sep 2011 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
David B Kynor; William E Audette; CREARE INC HANOVER NH
|
| Divers operate in a hostile environment that is physically stressful and mentally demanding. They must also function autonomously as communications are very limited during the dive. Each diver must be responsible for his her own safety, as well as accomplishment of mission objectives. For some time, dive computers have been used to monitor dive profiles (depth and dive duration) and equipment (tank pressure and gas mixture). However, divers have no ... |
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| Cognitive and Perceptual Performance Effects of Controlled Exposure to Acute Hypoxic Stress |
12 Sep 2011 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey B Phillips; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH UNIT DAYTON WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| Since FY-2000, DoD has reported four hypoxia-related Class A mishaps costing four pilots' lives and over $300 million in aircraft. In addition, the F/A-18 community has filed 113 hypoxia-related HAZREPS since 2001. A 2010 survey conducted on tactical aviators indicated that 79% of hypoxic episodes go unreported, suggesting that the problem is far more prevalent than official statistics suggest (Deussing et al., 2011). Current emergency procedures for hypoxic events require ... |
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| Allometric Scaling of Decompression Sickness Risk in Terrestrial Mammals |
11 Sep 2011 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Andreas Fahlman; Peter L Tyack; Richard Mahon; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| The objective with this study is to determine if there is an allometric relationship between body mass and decompression sickness (DCS) risk over a large range of terrestrial mammals. We have modified a previously published probabilistic model to assess DCS risk for different species. The results will help determine if studies performed in different species and body sizes can be compared or if there are differences in risk not attributable ... |
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| Chronic Stress and Performance |
Sep 2011 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Melissa Boudreau; Erica M Johnson; James P Herman; CINCINNATI UNIV OH
|
| Stressors are a natural component of life for all mammals. The stress response is a physiological reaction to stressors that may be amenable to change by a variety of situations. Chronic stressors in the form of social stressors, physical stressors, the combination of both social and physical stressors, and the administration of the stress hormone corticosterone have a variety of effects on various measures of animal performance. In particular, chronic ... |
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| Review of Military Mountain Medicine Technology and Research Barriers |
Sep 2011 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
NATO RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE (FRANCE)
|
| The subject matter of this review is hypobaric hypoxia, an environmental stress resulting from ascent to progressively higher terrestrial elevation or altitude above 1,200 meters (m) (3,937 feet (ft)). NATO RTO HFM-146 reviewed the empirical evidence of the adverse impact of high terrestrial elevations on health and physical and mental performances and current capabilities to mitigate these aversive impacts. The report identifies needed mountain medicine capabilities and technology and research ... |
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| Diver Health Monitoring System: User Manual |
16 Aug 2011 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
David B Kynor; William E Audette; CREARE INC HANOVER NH
|
| This manual describes the features and functionality of the Creare Diver Health Monitoring System (DHMS). The Creare DHMS is a body-worn sensor system for monitoring a diver's physiologic condition, as well as of his environment. Currently, the DHMS consists of a single body-worn sensor that measures the divers electrocardiogram (ECG). The DHMS sensor records the ECG and determines the diver's current heart rate. The device logs the data for later ... |
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| Predicted Thermal Responses of Military Working Dog (MWD) to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) Protective Kennel Enclosure |
AUG 2011 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Larry G. Berglund; Miyo Yokota; William R. Santee; Thomas L. Endrusick; Adam W. Potter; Scott J. Goldman; Reed W. Hoyt; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL MODELING DIV
|
| The thermal physiological responses of military working dogs (MWD) enclosed in a kennel with a chemical protective cover were evaluated under various conditions using a thermo-physiological simulation computer model. The intent was to quantify the thermal properties of the protective kennel enclosures and to estimate the varied effects on the MWD's physiological responses, including an estimated timeline the animal can safely remain in the enclosure for given ambient meteorological conditions. ... |
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| Integrated Warfighter Biodefense Program (IWBP) |
18 JUL 2011 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Ganesh Vaidyanathan; QUANTUM LEAP INNOVATIONS INC NEWARK DE
|
| This report outlines Quantum Leap Innovations, Inc. (QLI) accomplishments during the three months of performance between April 1, 2011 and June 30, 2011 on ONR Contract N00014-09-C-0033 for the Integrated Warfighter Biodefense Program (IWBP). The report summarizes activities focused around the following areas: * QLI continues to validate the multi-dimensional approach to cognitive readiness assessment using the physiological data provided by UCF. * QLI presented Gryphon at the 2011 US ... |
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| Advanced Sensors for TBI |
JUL 2011 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce Lyeth; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
|
| A major gap in understanding of blast TBI is how external kinetic blast energy translates to pressure transients in the brain. This project used miniaturized pressure sensors engineered at the LLNL to measure immediate increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) combined with longer-term measurements of biological ICP. We found that the existing LLNL sensors were not capable of measuring pressure changes in a wet environment. We solved this problem by enclosing ... |
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| Arterial Gas Embolism Induced Ageusia (Case Report) |
Jul 2011 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Blake D Lollis; ROBERT JOHNSON; Harlan M Walker; SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE MEDICINE WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB OH
|
| This article details a previously unreported arterial gas embolism (AGE) clinical presentation. A military aircrew candidate water survival course trainee lost his sense of taste (ageusia) after only a few compressed air breaths and ascending from the shallow depth of 4 ft. Ageusia was his only AGE sign or symptom. Rapidly diagnosing and treating AGE and other decompression illnesses is essential for positive patient outcomes and requires understanding the anatomic ... |
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| Automatic Multimodal Cognitive Load Measurement (AMCLM) |
JUN 2011 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Fang Chen; NATIONAL INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AUSTRALIA EVELEIGH (AUSTRALIA)
|
| This report summarizes the research activities, results of the user studies, and research accomplishments out of the AMCLM project in the past year. We investigated the validity of using speech formants and their fusion to measure cognitive load automatically. For the research on eye-activity based cognitive load measurement, we had examined various features, including blink latency, fixation time, saccade speed and pupil size. We further investigated the use of pupil ... |
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| A Psychophysiologic Study of Weakening Traumatic Combat Memories with Post-Reactivation Propranolol |
Jun 2011 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Roger K Pitman; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Introduction: The eta-adrenergic blocker propranolol has been shown to reduce reconsolidation of aversive memories in rodents. Administration of propranolol following reactivation of traumatic memories in male and female civilians with PTSD has been shown to reduce physiological responses during subsequent mental imagery the traumatic event. Aims: The present study aimed to examine whether the fear-weakening effect of propranolol may be due to non-specific actions of the drug. Here we investigated ... |
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| Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Resilience to PTSD |
APR 2011 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew Nulk; William Schuh; Lolita M. Burrell; Michael D. Matthews; MILITARY ACADEMY WEST POINT NY DEPT OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES AND LEADERSHIP
|
| The goal of this paper is to propose a method to supplement the Comprehensive Soldier Fitness Program to better screen soldiers for resilience so the Army can implement preventive measures for Soldiers that are less resilient under extreme stress and trauma. This paper will explain several major factors that contribute to resilience, PTSD, as well as the cognitive and physiological responses to stress. Additionally, this paper outlines a method for ... |
|
| Assessment of Lymphedema Risk Following Lymph Node Dissection and Radiation Therapy for Primary Breast Cancer |
Mar 2011 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Andrea L Cheville; MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER MN
|
| Lymphedema is a common, chronic, and potentially devastating complication of primary breast cancer therapy. Radiation increases patients lymphedema risk up to 36% as conventional fields irradiate vital lymphatic tissues. Fusion imaging technologies that combine anatomical and physiological data, e.g. SPECT/CT, may identify lymphatics critical for arm drainage and allow the creation of conformal radiation treatment fields that minimize the exposure of lymph nodes (LNs) and vessels while delivering therapeutic doses ... |
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| Virtual Patients for Virtual Sick Call Medical Training |
Nov 2010 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick G Kenny; Thomas D Parsons; Pat Garrity; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES INST FOR CREATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
|
| Training military clinicians and physicians to treat Soldiers directly impacts their mental and physical health and may even affect their sw?vival. Developing skills such as: patient interviewing, interpersonal interaction and diagnosis can be difficult and is severely lacking in hands-ontraining due to the cost and availablllty of trained standardized patients. A solution to this problem is in using computer generated virtual patient avatars that exhibit the mental and physiologically accurate ... |
|
| Establishing the Biodynamics Data Resource (BDR): Human Volunteer Impact Acceleration Research Data in the BDR |
Oct-2010 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Allison L Schmidt; Alexandria E Austermann; Kimberly B Vasquez; Barry S Shender; Valeta C Chancey; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| One of the most noteworthy collections of impact exposure data was generated at the U.S. Naval Biodynamics Laboratory (NBDL). Over 25 years, NBDL conducted thousands of impact acceleration exposures with hundreds of human research volunteers. The resulting volumes of kinematic and physiological data serve as a foundation for injury biomechanics research, model validation, and biofidelity requirements. In 2007, the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL), in collaboration with the U.S. ... |
|
| Directed Energy Non-lethal Weapons |
16 Jun 2010 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Gale L Craviso; Indira Chatterjee; NEVADA UNIV SCHOOL OF MEDICINE RENO DEPT OF PHARMACOLOGY
|
| This basic research initiative has been an ongoing interdisciplinary effort to lay the foundation for developing, novel effective and safe non-lethal technologies that alter skeletal muscle contraction and/or neural functioning (i.e., neurosecretion) via radiofrequency (RF)/microwave (MW) electromagnetic radiation. Major accomplishments included 1) completion of studies examining the effect of 1 to 6 GHz MW fields on catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and 2) completion of studies on the effect of ... |
|
| Remote Detection of Plant Physiological Responses to TNT Soil Contamination |
Jan 2010 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Julie C Naumann; John E Anderson; Donald R Young; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
|
| Our study was aimed at understanding physiological responses to trinitrotoluene (TNT) soil contamination, and using optical methods to detect TNT-induced stress in a woody plant prior to visible changes. Myrica cerifera plants were potted in soil concentrations of TNT ranging from 30?500 mg kg-1. Physiological measurements were significantly affected by TNT exposure at all treatment levels, and photosynthetic decline likely resulted from metabolic impairment rather than stomatal closure as the ... |
|
| Evaluation of Fibroblast Activation Protein-Alpha (FAP) as a Diagnostic Marker and Therapeutic Target in Prostate Cancer |
DEC 2009 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Nathaniel Brennen; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| ability of the stroma to not only contribute to, but potentially drive, the progression of cancerous cells into a highly aggressive and metastatic phenotype is a concept that has only recently begun to be appreciated. The stroma has been shown to undergo morphological alterations, recruit reactive fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes, increase secretion of growth factors, signaling molecules and proteases, induce new blood vessel formation, as well as, produce an altered ... |
|
| Towards Complex Abiotic Systems for Chemical and Biological Sensing |
Nov-2009 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
James J Valdes; Erica R Valdes; Donna M Hoffman; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| There have been at least two decades of research focused on developing biosensors, which mimic human physiological responses, but most of the work has attempted to couple living cells, their receptors, and even scaffolded tissues to optical or electronic sensors. All these biosensors had limitations imposed upon them by living systems. They required extensive life support and had very limited shelf life. Advances in synthetic biology, materials science, molecular engineering, ... |
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| Impact of Positive Emotions Enhancement on Physiological Processes and Psychological Functioning in Military Pilots |
Oct 2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Kerstin F Saint-Aubin; CERPAIR BRETIGNY SUR ORGE (FRANCE)
|
| Despite of military's captivation with high technologies systems, human performance remains the keystone of successful military operations. Cognitive enhancing-drugs strategies has been developed to improve the normal span of human abilities for completing mission essential tasks. A combination of certain attitudes and behaviours constituting a more natural approach based on physical training, sleep rest strategies, or dietary and nutritional strategies has also been proposed. Research exploring the impact of emotions' ... |
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| Plasma Amino Acid Responses After Consumption of Beverages with Varying Protein Type |
Jul-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Danielle Anderson; Scott J Montain; Andrew J Young; Tracey J Smith; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Two experiments were performed to examine how different proteins in a carbohydrate-,protein beverage affect postprandial amino acid (AA), glucose, and insulin responses. In one, volunteers drank 3 beverages in separate trials, each differing in protein type. Ten additional volunteers consumed the same drinks after 60 min of varying-intensity exercise. Blood glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide, and AAs were measured after consumption. Branched-chain AA concentrations peaked at 30 min and did ... |
|
| Stress Effects on Transfer from Virtual Environment Flight Training to Stressful Flight Environments |
01-Jun-2009 |
226 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher K McClernon; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects that stress training has on stressful flight operations to mitigate the human factors preconditions to aircraft accidents. In addition, stress training implementation strategies were investigated in order to develop pedagogy pertinent to stress training. A series of three empirical experiments were performed to test the transfer of both human emotional states and task skills from a virtual environment to subsequent ... |
|
| A Psychophysiologic Study of Weakening Traumatic Combat Memories with Post-Reactivation Propranolol |
Jun-2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Roger K Pitman; GENERAL HOSPITAL CORP BOSTON MA
|
| The objective of this project is to test whether the beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol, given following combat memory reactivation, results in a significantly greater weakening of traumatic memories than propranolol alone, supporting the proposition that this weakening is due to pharmacological blockade of memory reconsolidation, rather than nonspecific actions of propranolol. We hypothesize that subjects who undergo script preparation for the combat event(s) that caused their PTSD, followed by (post-reactivation) propranolol, ... |
|
| Molecular Connections Between Arousal and Metabolic Disease: Orexin and Modafinil |
Apr-2009 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen C Benoit; CINCINNATI UNIV OH
|
| Metabolic diseases are known to be tightly linked to arousal-sleep cycles and impact cognitive function. Importantly, the armed forces represent a population at significant risk for increased stress and disrupted arousal-sleep cycles. Because the incidence of metabolic disease and obesity is increasing, even in these physically fit individuals, understanding the interactions between these systems is highly significant. Further, some anti-fatigue pharmacologies (e.g.,modafinil) are already used in military settings, though their ... |
|
| Deformation and Failure of Protein Materials in Physiologically Extreme Conditions and Disease |
Mar-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Markus J Buehler; Yu C Yung; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE CENTER FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| Biological protein materials feature hierarchical structures that make up a diverse range of physiological materials. The analysis of protein materials is an emerging field that uses the relationships between biological structures, processes and properties to probe deformation and failure phenomena at the molecular and microscopic level. Here we discuss how advanced experimental, computational and theoretical methods can be used to assess structure-process-property relations and to monitor and predict mechanisms associated ... |
|
| Enhancing the Efficacy of Dendritic Cell Vaccines by Tissue Conditioning |
Mar-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Philipp Dahm; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
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| The overall objective of this proposal has been to investigate the novel in situ immune modulation for enhancing the efficacy of cancer vaccines. The central hypothesis of the approach under investigation is that the ex vivo step of DC maturation as a necessary prerequisite for generating migratory DC capable of stimulating strong antigen-specific T cell responses can be replaced by an in vivo process termed in situ priming. Based on ... |
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| S-Nitrosylation and the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension |
14-Feb-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa A Palmer; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE
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| Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), high blood pressure within the lung, is a progressive disease which is characterized by an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and the formation of muscle around normally non-muscular small pulmonary arteries. Without treatment, PAH progresses rapidly to right heart failure and death. The mechanism(s) sensing the initiating event and transducing this signal into changes in protein expression to alter pulmonary physiology are unclear. The role S-nitrosothiols ... |
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PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
