| 10th International Meeting on Cholinesterases |
Oct-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Terrone L Rosenberry; MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE FL
|
 | The 10th International Meeting on Cholinesterases was organised jointly by the Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health and the Croatian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. The meeting venue was in Sibenik, Croatia. The meeting gathered about 200 participants including 50 participants from USA. The scientific program comprised 2 plenary lectures, 86 oral and 102 poster presentations grouped under six sessions, and a 3D-session. All presentations were about cholinesterase ... |
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| Personal Protective Measures Against Insects and Other Arthropods of Military Significance |
Oct-2009 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES PEST MANAGEMENT BOARD WASHINGTON DC
|
| This Technical Guide (TG) provides preventive medicine (PVNTMED) information and guidance to Department of Defense (DoD) personnel who may come into contact with nuisance or disease-carrying arthropods (disease vectors), or who are responsible for protecting the health of personnel. It describes the DoD Insect Repellent System and other techniques that provide maximum, safe protection from arthropod attack. These techniques include the use of protective clothing and equipment, repellents, pesticides, and ... |
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| Asthma Education and Intervention Program: Partnership for Asthma Trigger-Free Homes (PATH) |
Aug-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Cheryl Golden; LEMOYNE-OWEN COLL MEMPHIS TN
|
 | The Partnership for Asthma Trigger-free Homes (PATH) study's main goal is reducing the asthma disease burden on low-income housing residents by means of a peer-based education program. Although asthma is a complicated multi-factorial disease with both genetic and environmental components, reducing levels of certain indoor asthma triggers can reduce the disease's symptoms and severity. Indoor asthma triggers include allergens from dust mites, cockroaches, cats, dogs, and rodents; environmental tobacco smoke ... |
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| Ethanol: A Strategic Energy Source? |
04-May-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony A Wickham; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| As an element of our energy security policy, the United States should encourage the development of alternative energy sources for future U.S. energy needs. The present administration cites our dependence on oil as one of our critical national weaknesses. Our international standing and economic stability will improve if we can discover plentiful renewable energy sources that eventually reduce global demand for oil. Ethanol is one of several possibilities for achieving ... |
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| Structural MRI and Cognitive Correlates in Pest-control Personnel from Gulf War I |
Apr-2009 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly Sullivan; BOSTON UNIV MA
|
| Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors including organophosphate (OP) pesticides are known to produce chronic neurological symptoms at sufficient exposure levels. Our previous study of cognitive functioning in pest-control personnel from the GWI, found that military pesticide applicators classified as higher pesticide-exposed reported significantly more health symptoms and performed less well on objective cognitive testing than the lower-exposed veterans. It is the goal of this follow-up neuroimaging study to identify the relationships between ... |
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| Sensitivity Analysis of QSAR Models for Assessing Novel Military Compounds |
Jan-2009 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Igor Linkov; Jay L Clausen; Erin Bennett; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Reliable estimates of physical and biochemical properties of novel energetic compounds are essential before making the investment to synthesize, scale-up, and manufacture a new material for use in either military or civilian applications. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) software tools are available for predicting the physicochemical properties and environmental impacts of these emerging materials. The uncertainty and variability in melting point, solubility, half-lives, and related properties as a means of determining ... |
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| PRO-2-PAM: The First Therapeutic Drug for Reactivation of Organo-Phosphate-Inhibited Central (Brain) and Peripheral Cholinesterases |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
K; Farhat A Khan; Latoya A Hyson; Angela R Davis; James C DeMar; Ruthie H Ratchiffe; Roberta R Owens; Amy J Campbell; Richard Gordon; Madhusoodana P Nambiar; Elizabeth Marek; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Due to the documented use of organophosphorus (OP) chemical agents in warfare and by terrorists around the globe, Federal, State, and local authorities need novel therapeutics to overcome their deleterious effects. OPs inhibit cholinesterases (ChE), leading to accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Potentially lethal effects begin with secretion, muscle fasciculation, and paralysis in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Central nervous system (CNS) perturbations include epileptic seizures leading to neuronal ... |
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| Caffeine, Adenosine Receptors and Estrogen in Toxin Models of Parkinson's Disease |
30-Oct-2008 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A Schwarzschild; Kui Xu; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Continued progress has been made toward each of the Specific Aims (SAs) 1 and 2 (SA 3 completed) of our research project, Caffeine, adenosine receptors and estrogen in toxin models of Parkinson's disease (PD) . The overarching hypothesis of the project is that multiple environmental protectants and toxins interact to influence of the health of the dopaminergic neurons lost in PD. To that end we are characterizing the interplay between ... |
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| Effect of Chlorine Substitution on Sulfide Reactivity with OH Radicals |
Sep-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Michael V Henley; John D Hearn; Marshall G Cory; Joseph L Vasey; Douglas S Burns; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC TYNDALL AFB FL
|
| Predicting plume migration and evolution of hazardous chemical species (toxic industrial compounds, chemical warfare agents, pesticides, etc.) is challenging because current models cannot accurately predict reaction rate constants with atmospheric oxidants. Predictive models based on structure activity relationships have not been developed to calculate rate constants for phosphorous or halogen containing compounds (elements that are often present in hazardous chemicals). In order to have a comprehensive approach for modeling plume ... |
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| An Evaluation of Blood Cholinesterase Testing Methods for Military Health |
MAY 2008 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Paul L. Knechtges; ARMY CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Blood cholinesterase (ChE) testing is done to evaluate potential human exposure to chemicals that act as ChE-inhibitors, most often organophosphate and carbamates pesticides. The Model 400 Test-mate ChE kit (EQM Research, Inc.) is used for field blood ChE analysis within the Department of Defense. Suggested modifications to the Model 400 kit include displaying and recording acetyl-ChE activity uncorrected for temperature and using analytical standards for calibration or quality assurance purposes. ... |
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| Topically Applied AaeIAP1 Double-Stranded RNA Kills Female Adults of Aedes aegypti |
May-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth J Linthicum; Daniel A Strickman; Julia W Pridgeon; Liming Zhao; James J Becnel; Gary G Clark; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE GAINESVILLE FL CENTER FOR MEDICAL AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
|
| Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of both dengue and yellow fever. Use of insecticides is one of the primary ways to control this medically important insect pest. However, few new insecticides have been developed for mosquito control in recent years. As a part of our effort to develop new insecticides to control mosquitoes, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 gene in Aedes aegypti (AaeIAP1) was targeted ... |
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| Tick Infestation Risk and Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. Infection-Induced Increase in Host-Finding Efficacy of Female Ixodes ricinus Under Natural Conditions |
14-Feb-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Richard G Robbins; Michael K Faulde; CENTRAL INST OF THE FEDERAL ARMED FORCES MEDICAL SERVICES KOBLENZ (GERMANY)
|
| An investigation of the risk of human tick infestation, together with the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. infection, was conducted in a sylvatic habitat in western Germany to provide data needed for future risk-benefit evaluations of acaricides used for clothing impregnation. Additionally, data were collected on behavioural changes in Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.-infected adult female L ricinus ticks and the possible impact of such changes on host-finding efficacy. The risk of ... |
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| Neuropsychological Functioning in Gulf War Veterans Exposed to Pesticides and Pyridostigmine Bromide |
FEB 2008 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Maxine Krengel; BOSTON UNIV MEDICAL CAMPUS MA
|
| This report reviews the third year of research on the diagnostic utility of psychophysiological indict that may predict the current and future functional efficiency of the soldier. The research focuses especially on the measurement of cerebral bloodflow velocity (CBFV) using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), together with additional indices including salivary cortisol and subjective state. Two studies at the University of Cincinnati demonstrated that CBFV declines during cognitive vigilancand during simulated ... |
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| Signaling Pathways that Medicine Neurotoxin-Induced Death of Dopamine Neurons |
NOV 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Kem A. Heidenreich; COLORADO UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER AURORA CO
|
| Parkinson s disease (PD) is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway resulting in significant motor dysfunction. The pathology of PD is mimicked by exposure to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or the pesticide rotenone. These neurotoxins inhibit complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased cytosolic calcium. We hypothesize that ROS promotes opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition ... |
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| Caffeine, Adenosine Receptors and Estrogen in Toxin Models of Parkinson's Disease |
OCT 2007 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. Schwarzschild; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Continued progress has been made toward each of the 3 Specific Aims (SAs) of our research project, Caffeine, adenosine receptors and estrogen in toxin models of Parkinson's disease (PD) . The overarching hypothesis of the project is that multiple environmental protectants and toxins interact to influence of the health of the dopaminergic neurons lost in PD. To that end we are characterizing the interplay between several environmental agents (pesticides, caffeine ... |
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| Evolution of Enzymes Required for Biodegradation of Pentachlorophenol in Sphingobium Chlorophenolicum |
15 JUN 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Shelley D. Copley; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER OFFICE OF CONTRACTS AND GRANTS
|
| Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a highly toxic pesticide first introduced into the environment in 1936. PCP can be mineralized by Sphingobium chlorophenolicum. However, biodegradation is slow and the bacterium cannot tolerate high levels of PCP. Flux through the pathway is limited by the first enzyme, PCP hydroxylase, which converts PCP to tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) very slowly. Furthermore, it catalyzes a futile cycling reaction in which C4a-hydroperoxyflavin at the active site decays to ... |
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| Developing Breast Cancer Program at Xavier; Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of Signaling Pathways Involved in Xenohormone and MEK5 Regulation of Breast Cancer |
01-May-2007 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas E Wiese; XAVIER UNIV OF LOUISIANA NEW ORLEANS
|
| Xavier University (XU) and the Tulane Cancer Center (TCC) will build a core of human talent that will address scientific problems such as drug resistance and the effect of environmental agents on breast cancer (BC) in the African-American community. A multi-part research and training program will generate data, develop new research programs and train new faculty and African-American students in BC research. The first component will fund two research projects. ... |
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| Mosquito and Fly Control Research by the USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE) in the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Program |
May-2007 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth J Linthicum; Chris Geden; Miriam Cooperband; Gary Clark; Seth Britch; Ulrich Bernier; James Becnel; Donald Barnard; Sandra Allan; Jerome Hogsette; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE GAINESVILLE FL CENTER FOR MEDICAL AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
|
| Despite existing measures to prevent and control arthropod-borne diseases in military units, these diseases continue to be serious threats to deployed troops. Due to a shrinking list of safe, cost-effective pesticides for control of disease vectors, new and improved toxicants and methods for delivery are needed by the armed forces. Since 2004, the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) has participated in the Department of Defense (DOD) - sponsored Deployed War-Fighter ... |
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| Acetylcholinesterase-Based Electrochemical Multiphase Microreactor for Detection of Organophosphorous Compounds (Preprint) |
APR 2007 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Chelsea N. Monty; IIwhan Oh; Richard I. Masel; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| A dual microchannel device with a gas-liquid interface was developed for use as an amperometric biosensor for the detection of organophosphorus compounds based on acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Electric eel acetylcholinesterase was immobilized on the liquid microchannel by creating a cross-linked gel with glutaraldehyde. The system was tested with malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide. The detection limit of the sensor in the parts-per-trillion range and the detection is rapid, sensitive, and selective to ... |
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| Improving Blood Monitoring of Enzymes as Biomarkers of Risk from Anticholinergic Pesticides and Chemical Warfare Agents |
OCT 2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Barry W. Wilson; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
|
| Blood biomarkers are an important way to monitor exposure to anticholinergic pesticides and chemical warfare agents and to establish whether some personnel are at greater risk than others from exposure. Many clinical and research laboratories use the colorimetric Ellman assay based on the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine. CHPPM (US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine) uses a slower delta pH method based on that of Michel to monitor 16,000 ... |
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| CTT&F: Distributed Sources Chemical Transport, Transformation and Fate Submodel |
OCT 2006 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Billy E. Johnson; Zhonglong Zhang; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The distributed watershed Chemical Transport, Transformation and Fate (CTT&F) Sub-model was developed and documented by the Environmental Laboratory of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center to characterize spatial and temporal dynamics of chemicals from both point and non-point sources. The sub-model simulates multi-chemical transport and transformation processes across watershed systems. CTT&F has a modular, process-oriented structure so that it can be easily modified, extended, or even provide a ... |
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| Catalytic Enzyme-Based Methods for Water Treatment and Water Distribution System Decontamination. 1. Literature Survey |
JUN 2006 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph J. Defrank; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| Many special considerations are needed in the application of enzymes to contaminated drinking water systems. Because of the large volumes of water contained in water distribution and treatment systems, a decontaminant will need to be active for a much longer time than in military operations. As drinking water flows very quickly in pipes, methods need to be developed to ensure that the enzymes maintain sufficient contact with the contaminated water ... |
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| Catalytic Enzyme-Based Methods for Water Treatment and Water Distribution System Decontamination. 2. Experimental Results |
JUN 2006 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph J. Defrank; Ilona J. Fry; Gregory J. Pellar; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Many special considerations are needed in the application of enzymes to contaminated drinking water systems. Because of the large volumes of water contained in water distribution and treatment systems, a decontaminant will need to be active for a much longer time than in military operations. Since drinking water flows very quickly in pipes, methods need to be developed to ensure that the enzymes maintain sufficient contact with the contaminated water ... |
|
| Developing Breast Cancer Program at Xavier; Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of Signaling Pathways Involved in Xenohormone and MEK5 Regulation of Breast Cancer |
01-May-2006 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas E Wiese; XAVIER UNIV OF LOUISIANA NEW ORLEANS
|
| Xavier University (XU) and the Tulane Cancer Center (TCC) will build a core of human talent that will address scientific problems such as drug resistance and the effect of environmental agents on breast cancer (BC) in the African-American community. A multi-part research and training program will generate data, develop new research programs and train new faculty and African-American students in BC research. The first component will fund two research projects. ... |
|
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Organochlorines & PD Risk: A Case Control Study in Alaska |
MAY 2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Caroline M. Tanner; PARKINSONS INST SUNNYVALE CA
|
| The intent of this research is to conduct a case control study of Parkinson's Disease (PD) among Alaska Natives to determine the association of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) residues, organochlorine pesticides and methylmercury with PD. The hypothesis is that increased exposure to these compounds will be associated with an increased risk of PD. Exposure will be determine by direct measurement of serum levels, as these compounds are persistent in ... |
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| Coralville Reservoir Water Quality Project |
MAY 2006 |
249 pages |
| Authors:
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas; Craig Just; Tatsuaki Nakato; Jerald Schnoor; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY COLL OF ENGINEERING
|
| The Coralville flood control dam is located in Johnson County, Iowa, about three miles north of Iowa City. The lake, at the conservation pool, 680 feet mean sea level (msl), is 21.7 miles long with a surface area of 2,650 acres, and at spillway level (712 feet msl) is 45.1 miles long with a surface area of 25,040 acres. Prior to February 1992 the level of the pool was normally ... |
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| Caffeine, Adenosine Receptors and Estrogen in Toxin Models of Parkinson's Disease |
OCT 2005 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. Schwarzschild; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Substantial progress has been made toward each of the 3 Specific Aims (SAs) of our research project, "Caffeine, adenosine receptors andestrogen in toxin models of Parkinson's disease (PD)". The overarching hypothesis of the project is that multiple environmental protectants and toxins interact to influence of the health of the dopaminergic neurons lost in PD. To that end we are characterizing the interplay between several environmental agents (pesticides, caffeine and estrogen) ... |
|
| Improving Blood Monitoring of Enzymes as Biomarkers of Risk from Anticholinergic Pesticides and Chemical Warfare Agents |
OCT 2005 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Barry W. Wilson; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
|
| Blood biomarkers are an important way to monitor exposure to anticholinergic pesticides and chemical warfare agents and to establish whether some personnel are at greater risk than others from exposure. Many clinical and research laboratories use the colorimetric Ellman assay based on the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine. CHFPM (US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine) uses a slower delta pH method based on that of Michel to monitor 16,000 ... |
|
| Developing Breast Cancer Program at Xavier: Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of Signaling Pathways Involved in Xenohormone and MEK5 Regulation of Breast Cancer |
28 SEP 2005 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas E. Wiese; XAVIER UNIV OF LOUISIANA NEW ORLEANS
|
| Xavier University (XU) and the Tulane Cancer Center (TCC) will build a core of human talent that will address scientific problems such as drug resistance and the effect of environmental agents on breast cancer (BC) in the African-American community. A multi-part research and training program will generate data, develop new research programs and train new faculty and African-American students in BC research. The first component will fund two research projects. ... |
|
| Response Characteristics of an Aquatic Biomonitor Used for Rapid Toxicity Detection |
28 SEP 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
W. H. VAN DER Schalie; T. R. Shedd; M. W. Widder; L. M. Brennan; ARMY CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH FORT DETRICK MD
|
| The response characteristics of an aquatic biomonitor that detects toxicity by monitoring changes in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) ventiliatory and movement patterns were evaluated in single chemical laboratory studies at concentrations near the 96-h LC5O concentration and at the ElLA Tox-Oregon Workshop in sequential tests of multiple unknown samples. Baseline data collected prior to exposure allows each fish to serve as its own control. When at least 70% of exposed ... |
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| Disruption of Dopaminergic and Cholinergic Function in Military Deployment Implications to Parkinson's Disease |
SEP 2005 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Gary W. Miller; EMORY UNIV ATLANTA GA
|
| The goal of this project is to evaluate the potential of pesticides and other compounds used by the military for their potential to damage the brain dopamine system and increase the risk for Parkinson's disease. Notable research accomplishments over the past year include the following: Deltamethrin increased the expression of DAT, TH, and VMAT2, locomotor activity in C57BL mice exposed during development. We further identified transcription factors that underlie this ... |
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| Brain's DNA Repair Response to Neurotoxicants |
JUL 2005 |
122 pages |
| Authors:
Juan Sanchez-Ramos; TAMPA UNIV FL
|
| Parkinson's Disease (PD) is associated with death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of the brain. Military personnel abroad are at a greater risk of exposure to pesticides and toxins which may selectively damage DA neurons in the SN and increase the probability of development of Parkinson's disease (PD) later in life. The toxins of interest are mitochondrial poisons that create a bioenergetic crisis and generate toxic ... |
|
| Neurotoxins and Neurodegenerative Disorders in Japanese-American Men Living in Hawaii |
APR 2005 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
G. W. Ross; PACIFIC HEALTH RESEARCH INST HONOLULU HI
|
| Pesticide exposure has been associated with increased Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. Results from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS) supported by this project showed PD risk doubled in individuals who worked on plantations over 20 years. Others have found high organochlorine levels in brains from decedents with PD relative to controls and dopaminergic neuron toxicity has been demonstrated in vitro but not proven in humans. This supplement aim was to measure ... |
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| Neuropsychological Functioning in Gulf War Veterans Exposed to Pesticides and Pyridostigmine Bromide |
FEB 2005 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Maxine H. Krengel; BOSTON UNIV MA
|
| Gulf War (GW) veterans continue to complain of short-term memory and mood problems many years following their return from the Persian Gulf. Suspected causes for these health complaints continue to be investigated and include additive and/or synergystic effects of the varying combinations of exposures to pesticides, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), low-level nerve agents, and psychological trauma. Many pesticides are neurotoxicants as are PB and nerve agents. Two subsets of these chemicals, ... |
|
| Water-Quality Data, Huron County, Michigan 2004 |
2005 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph W. Duris; Sheridan K. Haack; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESTON VA
|
| The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a survey of water quality and quantity in Huron County, Michigan from 1988-1990 (Sweat, 1992). In that study atrazine, a widelyused agricultural herbicide with possible endocrine-disrupting effects was detected in 9 of 9 surface-water samples. Metolachlor, metribuzin, prometone, simazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and dichlorprop (2,4-DP) were also detected at some surface-water sites. One pesticide, 2,4,5- trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), was detected in two monitoring wells. ... |
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| Whole Blood Robotic Cholinesterase Assay for Organophosphate Exposure - Testing Soldiers, First Responders, and Civilians in the Field and Laboratory |
DEC 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Richard K. Gordon; Julian R. Haigh; Gregory E. Garcia; Shawn R. Feaster; Bhupendra P. Doctor; Michael A. Riel; Lee J. Lefkowitz; David E. Lenz; Paul S. Aisen; Wilson Smart; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Exposure to organophosphate (OP) chemical warfare agents (CWAs), pesticides, anesthetics, drugs such as cocaine, and a variety of therapeutic drugs including donepezil or rivastigmine for Alzheimer's disease reduces red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC-AChE) or serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity. The activity of RBC-AChE and BChE can be used as potential biomarkers of suppressed and/or heightened function in the central and peripheral nervous systems. For instance, the toxicity of pesticides is well ... |
|
| Enzymatic Decontamination of C/B Threat Materials: From Concept to Commercialization |
17 NOV 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph J. Defrank; Steven P. Harvey; Vipin K. Rastogi; Tu-chen Cheng; Christopher S. Penet; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The ability of enzymes to hydrolyze and detoxify organophosphorus compounds goes back nearly 60 years to when Mazur published work with mammalian tissues conducted during World War II (Mazur, 1946). He determined that enzymatic activity in a variety of tissues could catalytically detoxify diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). More recently, a variety of enzymes with activity against G- and V-type nerve agents as well as organophosphorus pesticides have been identified from numerous sources, ... |
|
| Brain's DNA Repair Response to Neurotoxicants |
JUL 2004 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Juan Sanchez-Ramos; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA TAMPA
|
| Parkinson's Disease (PD) is associated with death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of the brain. Military personnel abroad are at a greater risk of exposure to pesticides and toxins which may selectively damage DA neurons in the SN and increase the probability of development of Parkinson's disease (PD) later in life. The toxins of interest are mitochondrial poisons that create a bioenergetic crisis and generate toxic ... |
|
| The Application of the Fluoride Reactivation Process to the Detection of Sarin and Soman Nerve Agent Exposures in Biological Samples |
2004 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
T. K. Adams; B. R. Capacio; J. R. Smith; C. E. Whalley; W. D. Korte; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The fluoride reactivation process was evaluated for measuring the level of sarin or soman nerve agents reactivated from substrates in plasma and tissue from in vivo exposed guinea pigs (Cava porcellus), in blood from in vivo exposed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and in spiked human plasma and purified human albumin. Guinea pig exposures ranged from 0.05 to 44 LD50, and reactivated nerve agent levels ranged from 1.0 ng/mL in plasma ... |
|
| Data on Sediment Quality and Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls From the Lower Neponset River, Massachsuetts, 2002-03 |
2004 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Robert F. Breault; Matthew G. Cooke; Michael Merrill; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESTON VA
|
| The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs Department of Fish and Game Riverways Program, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, studied sediment and water quality in the lower Neponset River, which is a tributary to Boston Harbor. Grab and core samples of sediment were tested for elements and organic compounds including polyaromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Physical properties of sediment samples, ... |
|
| Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, October 1988 Through September 2001, North Carolina-Description of the Water-Quality Network, Sampling and Analysis Methods, and Quality-Assurance Practices |
2004 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Carolyn J. Oblinger; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESTON VA
|
| The Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project was initiated in October 1988 to provide long-term water-quality data for six area water-supply reservoirs and their tributaries. In addition, the project provides data that can be used to determine the effectiveness of large-scale changes in water-resource management practices, document differences in water quality among water-supply types (large multiuse reservoir, small reservoir, run-of-river), and tributary-loading and in-lake data for water-quality modeling of Falls ... |
|
| Compatibility of CW Agent Degrading Enzymes with Disinfectants and Foams |
19 NOV 2003 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Tu-chen Cheng; Vipin K. Rastogi; Joseph J. Defrank; Ilona Fry; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| Over the years our group developed a non-corrosive, non-toxic, environmentally safe and userfriendly chemical agent decontaminant (advanced catalytic enzyme system - ACES) in a dry powder form. The ACES is capable of hydrolyzing/detoxifying organophosphorus (OP)-based neurotoxic chemical warfare (CW) agents, i.e. G-type, V-type, and related OP based hazardous industrial materials. Bacterial enzymes, OPH (V- and G-type and pesticides), OPAA (G-type) and squid DFPase (G-type) are the three key biocatalysts capable ... |
|
| Neuronal Degeneration in the Cingulate Gyrus: NMDA Antagonists and Anticholinesterases |
OCT 2003 |
124 pages |
| Authors:
Wilkie A. Wilson; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| The primary objective of these studies was to determine the neurotoxic risks of combining acetyloholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) with N- methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. There is evidence that although NMDA receptor antagonists are considered neuroprotective against excess glutamate release during acute conditions, these same agents may also induce neurodegeneration in brain areas associated with attention and motivation; This neurodegeneration is exacerbated by muscarinic cholinergic agonists. Military personnel and civilians may be ... |
|
| Improving Blood Monitoring of Enzymes as Biomarkers of Risk Form Anticholinergic Pesticides and Chemical Warfare Agents |
OCT 2003 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Barry W. Wilson; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
|
| Blood cholinesterase (ChE) biomarkers are an important way to monitor exposure to anticholinergic pesticides and chemical warfare (CW) agents and to establish whether some are at greater risk tan others form exposure to them. Many clinical and research laboratories use the colorimetric El lam assay based on the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine. CHPPM (US Army Center For Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine) uses the Michel delta pH method to monitor more ... |
|
| Disruption of Dopaminergic and Cholinergic Function in Military Deployment: Implications to Parkinson's Disease |
SEP 2003 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Gary W. Miller; EMORY UNIV ATLANTA GA
|
| The goal of this project is to evaluate the potential of pesticides and other compounds used by the military for their potential to damage the brain dopamine system and increase the risk for Parkinson's disease. |
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| Mitigation of Ricin Contamination in Soils: Sorption and Degradation |
01 JUL 2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
R. Zartman; C. Green; M. San Francisco; J. Zak; W. James; E. Boroda; TEXAS TECH UNIV LUBBOCK
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| Ricin is a highly toxic protein isolated from castor beans. Ricin is a weapon of choice for terrorists because large quantities of castor beans can be grown and the toxin readily separated from the beans. Soils contain a variety of inorganic minerals, organic matter and microorganisms. Soil inorganic minerals and organic matter are known to effectively sorb a wide variety of compounds, such as pesticides and other potential contaminants. Soil ... |
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| Linguistic and Location Effects in Compliance to Pesticide Warning Labels |
14 MAY 2003 |
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| Authors:
Judy Edworthy; Elizabeth Hellier; Nicola Lambell; Clare Grey; Kristeen Aldrich; PLYMOUTH UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM) DEPT OFPSYCHOLOGY
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| Experimental studies investigated the effect of the location of safety information on observed compliance behaviour. It was revealed that for all users presenting safety information in the directions for use section resulted in the highest levels of compliance. For amateurs presenting safety information in an additional leaflet resulted in the lowest levels of compliance whereas for professionals the lowest levels of compliance were demonstrated when safety information was presented the ... |
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| Prostate Cancer Risk Through Exposure to Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Modulation by Dietary Supplementation |
APR 2003 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Gabriele Ludewig; Larry W. Robertson; KENTUCKY UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION LEXINGTON
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| A high androgen level, oxidative stress, and low levels of selenium were identified as possible risk factors in prostate cancer development. Halogenated compounds may produce all these effects. Our hypothesis is that halogenated compounds may increase prostate cancer risk through these mechanisms. To test this hypothesis and to develop protection for exposed men, we propose to a) measure enzyme activities and antioxidant levels in PCB-exposed rats, b) determine possible co-carcinogenic ... |
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| New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically Block Organophosphorylation |
APR 2003 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Terrone L. Rosenberry; MAYO CLINIC JACKSONVILLE FL
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| Examination of the enzyme structure for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reveals two sites of ligand interaction: The peripheral site (P-site) located at the entrance of the gorge, and the acylation site (A-site) at the base of the gorge. Our goal is to develop high affinity cyclic peptide ligands specific for the P-site while allowing the passage of acetylcholine to the A-site for use by personnel at risk for nerve gas exposure. Our ... |
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| Mechanistic Studies Investigating the Role of Organophosphate Insecticide Exposure in the Development and Exacerbation of Asthma |
APR 2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Allison D. Fryer; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
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| This grant proposes to determine whether organophosphate insecticides act upon the cholinergic system in the lungs increasing cholinerqic neurotransmission and causing airway hyperresponsiveness, which is characteristic of asthma. Guinea pigs were either treated acutely with a high dose or chronically (7 days) with a low dose of the organophosphate,chlorpyrifos sc. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves caused frequency-dependent bronchoconstriction that was significantly potentiated in animals treated with chlorpyrifos. M2 muscarinic ... |
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