| Selenoproteins and Prostate Cancer |
NOV 2006 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Veda Diwadkar-Navsariwala; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
|
 | For this postdoctoral fellowship the specific role of selenoproteins (SP) in prostate cancer (PCa) was investigated. First the response of varying allelic identitiesin the SP glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1) to selenium (Se) supplementation was determined. GPx-1 has either a leucine (leu) or proline (pro) amino acid at thei9S codon and cancer risk has been shown to vary depending on the allelic identity. Our investigation showed that the prostate cell line LNCaP ... |
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| Selenium and Breast Cancer Chemoprevention |
DEC 2005 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Henry J. Thompson; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS
|
| The primary objective of this project is to determine whether selenium supplementation affects candidate markers of breast cancer risk in a cohort of women at elevated risk for breast cancer. The intermediate biomarkers being studied are as follows: indicators of oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules such as DNA and lipids, indicators of IGF metabolic status, and cellular indicators of breast cancer risk. The authors proposed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind chemoprevention ... |
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| Selenoproteins and Prostate Cancer |
NOV 2005 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Veda Navsariwala; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
|
| For this postdoctoral fellowship the specific role of selenoproteins in prostate carcinogenesis is being investigated using a cell culture model system. First, the biological consequence of varying allelic identities in the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1) in response to selenium (Se) supplementation was determined. GPx-1 has either a leucine (leu) or proline (pro) amino acid at the 198 codon, and cancer risk has been shown to vary depending on the allelic ... |
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| Mechanisms to Detoxify Selected Organic Contaminants in Higher Plants and Microbes, and Their Potential Use in Landscape Management |
OCT 2004 |
144 pages |
| Authors:
George Kvesitadze; Gia Khatisashvili; Tinatin Sadunishvili; ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF GEORGIA (TBILISI) DURMISHIDZE INST OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
|
| In this report biochemical and physiological processes important for the phytoremediation of organic contaminants are discussed. Literature data on the uptake and potential of plants and microorganisms to detoxify organic contaminants are analyzed. Mechanisms of penetration and translocation of organic contaminants in plant leaves and roots are described. The principal transformation phases of organic contaminants once entered into a plant are: functionalization, conjugation and compartmentation. The following mechanisms to detoxify ... |
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| Selenium and Breast Cancer Chemoprevention |
AUG 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Henry Thompson; COLORADO STATE UNIV FORT COLLINS
|
| The primary objective of this project is to determine whether selenium supplementation affects candidate markers of breast cancer risk in a cohort of women at elevated risk for breast cancer. The intermediate biomarkers to be studied are: indicators of oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules such as DNA and lipid, indicators of IGF metabolic status, and cellular indicators of breast cancer risk. We propose a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind chemoprevention trial with ... |
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| Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxin A and B Genes with PCR-EIA and a Hand-Held Electrochemical Sensor |
11 JUN 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Mohamed Aitichou; Robert Henkins; Afroz M. Sultana; Robert G. Ulrich; M. S. Ibrahim; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Two electrochemical assays for detecting Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A and B genes were developed. The assays are based on PCR amplification with biotinylated primers, hybridization to a fluorescein-labeled probe, and detection with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-fluorescein antibody using a hand-held electrochemical detector. The limit of detection (LOD) for both assays was approximately 16 copies of the sea and seb genes. The assays were evaluated in blinded studies, each with 81 ... |
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| Biodegradation of the Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine Ring Cleavage Product 4-Nitro-2,4-Diazabutanal by Phanerochaete chrysosporium |
FEB 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Diane Fournier; Annamaria Halasz; Jim Spain; Ronald J. Spanggord; Jeffrey C. Bottaro; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
|
| Initial denitration of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by Rhodococcus sp. strain DN22 produces CO2 and the dead-end product 4-nitro-2, 4-diazabutanal (NDAB), OHCNHCH2NHNO2, in high yield. Here we describe experiments to determine the biodegradability of NDAB in liquid culture and soils containing Phanerochaete chrysosporium. ... The detection of NDAB in contaminated soil and its effective mineralization by the fungus P. chrysosporium may constitute the basis for the development of bioremediation technologies. |
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| Phase IIA Chemopreventive Study of Selenium in Persons at Risk for Long Lung Cancer |
DEC 2003 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey P. Krischer; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA TAMPA
|
| Selenized yeast has also recently been shown to reduce lung cancer incidence and mortality in a population of skin cancer patients. Smokers and survivors of early stage lung and head and neck cancers have had a long period of promotion by carcinogenic agents on the bronchial epithelium resulting in morphologic and molecular alterations. We hypothesize that these morphologic and molecular alterations can be detected and modulated by chemopreventive agents. We ... |
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| Evolution by Structure-Based Protein Recombination |
JUN 2003 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Frances H Arnold; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA
|
| The computational algorithm SCHEMA was developed to estimate the disruption caused when amino acid residues that interact in the three- dimensional structure of a protein are inherited from different parents upon recombination. If the folded structure is retained, the new chimeric sequences can display functional properties characteristic of the parents; they can also acquire entirely new functions. We are using SCHEMA to design chimeras of cytochrome P450 heme enzymes. In ... |
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| Oxidative Damage in Parkinson's Disease |
JAN 2003 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
M. F. Beal; CORNELL UNIV MEDICAL COLL (WEILL) NEW YORK
|
| The overall goal of the proposal was to provide a detailed assessment of the role of oxidative damage in Parkinson's Disease (PD) postmortem brain tissue, body fluids of PD patients and in the MPTP model. There were trends towards increased oxidative damage markers in post mortem brain tissue of PD patients and a number of specific genes linked to oxidative stress were reduced in expression. There was increased lipid peroxidation ... |
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| Phase IIA Chemopreventative Study of Selenium in Persons at Risk for Lung Cancer |
DEC 2002 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey P. Krischer; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA TAMPA
|
| Selenized yeast has also recently been shown to reduce lung cancer incidence and mortality in a population of skin cancer patients. Smokers and survivors of early stage lung and head and neck cancers have had a long period of promotion by carcinogenic agents on the bronchial epithelium resulting in morphologic and molecular alterations. We hypothesize that these morphologic and molecular alterations can be detected and modulated by chemopreventive agents. We ... |
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| Enzymatic Wound Disinfectants |
SEP 2002 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Stanley L. Hazen; LERNER RESEARCH INST CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION OH
|
| Wound infection and tissue damage are common and sever complications of injuries and burns sustained in baffle. The surgical excision of dead and devitalized tissue, antibiotics, and the removal of foreign matter are the mainstay of current therapies. Prevailing treatment strategies are restricted, however, by the inability to initiate effective countermeasures until removal from the uncontrolled environment of the field of battle. This results in high rates of infections and ... |
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| Selenium and Breast Cancer Chemoprevention |
AUG 2002 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Henry J. Thompson; AMC CANCER RESEARCH CENTER LAKEWOOD CORESEARCH ADMINISTRATION
|
| The primary objective of this project is to determine whether selenium supplementation - affects candidate markers of breast cancer risk in a cohort of women at elevated risk for breast cancer. The intermediate biomarkers to be studied are: indicators of oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules such as DNA and lipid, indicators of IGF metabolic status, and cellular indicators of breast cancer risk. We propose a randomized, placebo- controlled, double-blind chemoprevention ... |
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| Eosinophils as Mediators of DNA Oxidative Damage in Breast Cancer |
JUL 2002 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Stanley L. Hazen; CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION OH
|
| The overall goal of this proposal were to test the hypothesis that eosinophils promote DNA oxidative damage in breast carcinoma. DNA oxidative damage is linked to mutation, transformation and cancer development and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), a hemoprotein secreted from eosinophils, is present in the majority of breast cancer biopsies. Our initial aim was to determine whether EPO promotes oxidative damage of cellular DNA through formation of mutagenic hydroxyl radical (DN)-generated ... |
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| Alteration of the Endothelial Barrier by Breast Cancer Cells as a Mechanism of Tumor Resistance |
MAY 2002 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Carleton B. Jones; OHIO STATE UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION COLUMBUS
|
| The endothelial cells lining blood vessels that perfuse breast tumors present a barrier that antineoplastic agents must cross to reach the tumor cells. The purpose of this award was to provide preliminary data to support the hypothesis that tumor cells can modulate this barrier by secreting soluble factors, by affecting extracellular matrix, or by a combination of these factors. The specific aims of this project were to 1) determine tumor ... |
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| Toxic Interactions of Prophylactic Drugs and Pesticides |
JAN 2002 |
155 pages |
| Authors:
Mohamed B. Abou-Donia; DUKE UNIV MEDICAL CENTER DURHAM NC
|
| The key goal of this project is to test the hypothesis that exposure to mixtures of the test compounds, PB (oral), DEET (dermal), and permethrin (dermal) reduces the body's ability for their detoxification, resulting in increased bioavailability of the parent compounds and of their enhanced delivery to the toxicity site(s), leading to pronounced toxicity. The results reported in this Annual Report support this hypothesis as follows: 1) Although exposure to ... |
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| Eosinophils as Mediators of DNA Oxidative Damage in Breast Cancer |
JUL 2001 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Stanley Hazen; CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION OH
|
| The overall goal of this proposal is to test the hypothesis that eosinophils promote DNA oxidative damage in breast carcinoma. DNA oxidative damage is linked to mutation, transformation and cancer development and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), a hemoprotein secreted from eosinophils, is present in the majority of breast cancer biopsies. Our initial aim was to determine whether EBO promotes oxidative damage of cellular DNA through formation of mutagenic hydroxyl radical (OH) ... |
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| In Vivo Testing of Chemopreventive Agents Using the Dog Model of Spontaneous Prostate Carcinogenesis |
MAR 2001 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
David J. Waters; PURDUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION LAFAYETTE IN
|
| The goal of this research was to demonstrate the feasibility of the dog model of spontaneous prostate carcinogenesis as a valuable animal model system to evaluate potential chemopreventive agents. Specifically, we sought to determine if androgen deprivation, or supplementation with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or selenium modulates biomarkers of prostate carcinogenesis in elderly male dogs. To accomplish this, we conducted a 6 month laboratory intervention trial using 49 purchased elderly intact male ... |
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| Phase IIA Chemopreventative Study of Selenium in Persons at Risk for Lung Cancer |
MAR 2001 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Michael E. Gruidl; Frank Walsh; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA TAMPA
|
| Selenized yeast has also recently been shown to reduce lung cancer incidence and mortality in a population of skin cancer patients. Smokers and survivors of early stage lung and head and neck cancers have had a long period of promotion by carcinogenic agents on the bronchial epithelium resulting in morphologic and molecular alterations. We hypothesize that these morphologic and molecular alterations can be detected and modulated by chemopreventive agents. We ... |
|
| Oxidative Damage in Parkinson's Disease |
OCT 2000 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
M. F. Beal; CORNELL UNIV MEDICAL COLL (WEILL) NEW YORK
|
| The objective of the present research is to determine whether there is a coherent body of evidence implicating oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease and the MPTP model of Parkinsonism. We found that there are significant decreases in alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and a significant increase in tissue malondialdehyde levels in the superior frontal cortex, the Parkinsonian syndrome known as Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. We are continuing studies looking at ... |
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| Eosinophils as Mediators of DNA Oxidative Damage in Breast Cancer |
JUL 2000 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Stanley Hazen; CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION OH
|
| The overall goal of this proposal was to test the hypothesis that eosinophils promote DNA oxidative damage in breast carcinoma. DNA oxidative damage is linked to mutation, transformation and cancer development and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), a hemoprotein secreted from eosinophils, is present in the majority of breast cancer biopsies. Our initial aim was to determine whether EPO promotes oxidative damage of cellular DNA through formation of ... |
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| Suppression of Lymphocyte Signal Transduction by Oxygen Intermediates |
APR 1999 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Eliezer Flescher; NEW YORK UNIV MEDICAL CENTER TUXEDO NY
|
| Effect of oxidative stress(OS) on nuclear signal transduction and on cellular anti-oxidant mechanisms, were compared in human blood lymphocytes. DNA-binding activities of 3 transcription factors (TF): NFkB, AP-1 and NFAT, were abolished in activated T lymphocytes by all types of OS. Radiation exposure was also studied in B cells and had the same effect as on T cells. Only exposure to the lowest H2O2 concentration induced lipid peroxidation. Enhanced catalase ... |
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| Instrumentation for Directed Protein Evolution |
09 FEB 1999 |
|
| Authors:
Frances H. Arnold; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA DIV OF CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
|
 | Direct protein evolution provides unique opportunities to explore a vast, new space of catalysts and materials potentially useful to the DoD, including detection and countermeasures for biological warfare agents, catalysts for fuel cells, antifouling agents, and others. This opportunity cannot be fully exploited however, unless we develop the means to search large numbers of random mutants and handle the large amounts of data generated during these searches. The equipment purchase ... |
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| Solid Polymer Electrolytes Derived from Polyphenols |
09 NOV 1998 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Filler; TECHDRIVE INC OAK BROOK IL
|
| In the Phase-I study, Tech Drive synthesized several phenol monomers. Two of these monomers, one of which is new, were converted to phenolic polymers by enzymatic means, using horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. The monomers and polymers were fully characterize using thin layer chromatography, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and light scattering analyses. Solid polymeric electrolytes (SPEs) were formulated using the processable polyphenols. Ionic conductivity measurements of one ... |
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| Diatom Attachment at Aquatic Interfaces: Molecular Interactions, Mechanisms, and Physiology of Adhesion |
26 NOV 97 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R. Gretz; Kyle D. Hoagland; MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIV HOUGHTON
|
| We have answered fundamental questions regarding the mechanisms of attachment and the nature of the biocomposite adhesives utilized by the marine biofouling diatom Achnanthes longipes and the freshwater Cymbella cistula. During the course of this grant we have: (1) delineated the sequence of events involved in attachment of the organisms to a variety of surfaces; (2) discovered that initial adhesion is mediated by different methods/polymers on hydrophilic surfaces vs. those ... |
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| Suppression of Lymphocyte Signal Transduction by Oxygen Intermediates |
OCT 97 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Eliezer Flescher; NEW YORK UNIV MEDICAL CENTER TUXEDO NY
|
| Effects of different types of oxidative stress (OS) on cellular anti- oxidant mechanisms were compared. Human blood lymphocytes were subjected to: a. Acute exposure to H2O2; b. Chronic exposure to H2O2; c. Ionizing radiation. Enhanced catalase activity was detected in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes exposed to oxidative stress. Glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E levels, were not modulated by oxidative stress. Only exposure to ... |
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| Mechanisms of PCBS-Induced Breast Cancer |
SEP 1997 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Larry W. Robertson; KENTUCKY UNIV LEXINGTON
|
| Our research is aimed at the Investigation of the effects of polychiorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast cancer. PCBs are industrial chemicals which persist in our environment. The lipophilicity of PCBs and their tendency to bioaccumulate in adipose tissue and breast milk raise concern about the health risks associated with exposure to PCBs and related compounds. Commercial PCB mixtures are complete carcinogens, producing hepatocellular carcinomas in rats and mice, but the ... |
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| Simple Semi-Quantitative Device for Hormones in Body Fluids. Phase 1 |
OCT 1996 |
|
| Authors:
J. M. Brinkley; Gail Shannon; Mark Jackson; EMERALD DIAGNOSTICS INC EUGENE OR
|
| Efforts to pinpoint phases of hormonal cycles through daily blood sample laboratory analyses have proven excessively expensive and impractical by routine laboratory methods. An attractive alternative is to employ immunochemical test strips to indicate critical ranges of key hormones and metabolites in easily obtained fluids such as urine since such techniques offer, in principle, rapid test results at modest cost. Such test strips require no instrumentation and minimal training of ... |
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| Intelligent Materials and Structures Based on Ordered Assemblies of DNA and Protein Incorporated within Electroactive Polymeric Systems |
31 DEC 95 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth A. Marx; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV LOWELL
|
| New ways in which biological macromolecules could be interfaced with conducting polymers and other types of immobilization matrices were investigated. The object was to create new classes of signal transducing biomaterials that could be used in the design of intelligent materials incorporating: DNA; the photodynamic proteins: the phycobiliproteins and bacteriorhodopsin; and the enzymes alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase, laccase, glucose oxidase and alcohol oxidase. We have interfaced these biological macromolecules with: ... |
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| Cardiovascular Toxicity of Environmental Contaminants to Developing Fish -- Molecular Mechanisms |
DEC 95 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Jan M. Spitsbergen; CORNELL UNIV ITHACA NY
|
| Both developing zebrafish and medaka are exquisitely sensitive to the cardiovascular toxicity of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) between fertilization and the onset of blood circulation, with incubation medium concentrations of 3-5 ng/ml applied during the blastula stage causing pericardial edema with subsequent circulatory stasis and severe subcutaneous edema and ascites. The sensitivity of both species to RA decreased dramatically during development, with over 40 ng/ml required to cause edema with ... |
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| Development of a Microplate Gene Probe Assay for Newcastle Disease Virus |
OCT 95 |
|
| Authors:
Douglas E. Bader; Jane Lewis; DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON (ALBERTA)
|
| A microplate gene probe assay for Newcastle disease virus was developed to take advantage of enhancements in automation and machine- readable quantitation over membrane-based assay formats. A 673 base pair double-stranded DNA fragment of the major nucleocapsid protein gene of Newcastle disease virus was labelled with a non-radioactive molecule (digoxigenin) and used as a probe against denatured, unlabelled DNA bound to 96-well, polystyrene microtiter plates. The probe/target complex was detected ... |
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| Decreased Platelet Inhibition by Nitric Oxide in Two Brothers With a History of Arterial Thrombosis |
16 SEP 1995 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
J. E. Freedman; J. Loscalzo; S. E. Benoit; C. R. Valeri; M. R. Barnard; NAVAL BLOOD RESEARCH LAB BOSTON MA
|
| Highly reactive oxygen species rapidly inactivate nitric oxide (NO), an endothelial product which inhibits platelet activation. We studied platelet inhibition by NO in two brothers with a cerebral thrombotic disorder. Both children had hyperreactive platelets, as determined by whole blood platelet aggregometry and flow cytometric analysis of the platelet surface expression of P-selectin. Mixing experiments showed that the patients' platelets behaved normally in control ... |
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| Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils Using the White Rot Fungus Phanerochaete Chrysosporium |
17 APR 95 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Michael S. Douglas; OLD DOMINION UNIV NORFOLK VA
|
| Bioremediation is an enhancement of the natural biological oxidation processes that degrade organic matter. This is typically accomplished by introducing oxygen and nutrients to the soil that are necessary for the desired growth of naturally occurring bacteria. Fungal treatment is a specialized bioremediation process using fungi instead of bacteria to destroy contaminants. Recent interest in fungal treatment has grown due to the ability of 'white rot' fungi to reduce a ... |
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| AFRRI Reports, Fourth Quarter 1994 |
FEB 95 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
|
| This volume contains AFRRI Scientific Reports SR94-22 through SR94-27 for October-December 1994. Partial contents: Application of the constant time technique to transformation experiments with fission neutrons: Failure to demonstrate dose-dependence: Ionizing radiation increases endothelial and epithelial cell production of influenza virus and leukocyte adherence: Therapeutic efficacy of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor in a primate model of radiation-induced marrow aplasia: Role of nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase ... |
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| Biosensors Based on Cross-Linking of Biotinylated Glucose Oxidase By Avidin |
19 JAN 95 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Mark S. Vreeke; Patrick Rocca; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Avidin, having four biotin binding units, cross-links and immobilizes glucose oxidase (GOX) labeled with multiple biotins (B-GOX) when solutions of B- GOX and avidin are mixed on an electrode. The H2O2 flux generated in the B-GOX catalyzed oxidation of glucose by dissolved O2 is measured as an electroreduction current at a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) redox conducting hydrogel electrode poised at +100 mV (Ag/AgCl). The sensitivity of the resulting glucose sensor ... |
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| Use of Fungal Peroxidases for Neutralization of Mustard Gas |
01 SEP 1994 |
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| Authors:
Susan B. Myer; TIENZYME INC STATE COLLEGE PA
|
| Mustard gas is a deadly vesicant. Methodologies exist for its neutralization using chemical oxidants such as hypochlorite bleach. These agents, however, are not suitable for human use. In this phase I award, we have demonstrated that two fungal enzymes, chloroperoxidase and lignin peroxidase, can oxidize mustard gas analogs to the sulfoxide and the sulfone. We have incorporated these enzymes into various matrices and have found them to be stable and ... |
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| Bienzyme Sensors Based on 'Electrically Wired' Peroxidase |
08 OCT 93 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
T. J. Ohara; M. S. Vreeke; F. Battaglini; A. Heller; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Single layer and bilayer bienzyme electrodes based on the combination of a 3-dimensional redox epoxy network that electrically connects redox centers of bound horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to electrodes with a hydrogen peroxide generating enzyme, the redox centers of which are not connected to the redox epoxy network, are described. In the single layer electrodes, H202 generated by the first enzyme oxidizes the second enzyme HRP, which oxidizes the redox polymer ... |
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| Development of Methods for Detection of Lipid Peroxidation Products in Human Tissues Generated by Environmental Toxins |
30 JUN 93 |
|
| Authors:
G. M. Van Kuijk; MONTANA STATE UNIV BOZEMAN DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
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| The Enzymatic Mediated Polymerization of Phenol and Aniline Derivatives on a Langmuir Trough |
30 JUN 1993 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
F. F. Bruno; J. A. Akkara; L. A. Samuelson; D. L. Kaplan; K. A. Marx; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV LOWELL DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| Enzymatic polymerization of a number of monomers in an ordered lattice on a Langmuir trough (L-T) was investigated. The assembly and polymerization of two mixed monomeric systems consisting of 4- tetradecyloxyphenol (C14PP) with phenol, and 4-hexadecylaniline (C16PA) with aniline, in various ratios were carried out. Polymerization was obtained with C14PP and phenol (in the ratio 1:10), and C16PA and aniline (in the ratio 1:2) on buffered MilliQ water (pH 7.5) ... |
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| Estimation of Neutrophil Infiltration into Hairless Guinea Pig Skin treated with 2,2' -Dichlorodiethyl Sulfide |
13 MAY 1993 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
R. Bongiovanni; C. B. Millard; S. M. Schulz; J. M. Romano; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Despite growing acceptance of the hairless guinea pig (HPG) for evaluating sulfur mustard (2,2'dichlorodiethylsulfide, HD) skin injury, there are presently few antivesicant drug assessment endpoints validated in vivo for this model. We measured the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) to characterize the dose- and time-dependence of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration during development of the HD lesion. Biopsies were obtained from the dorsal thoracic-lumbar area of HGPs at successive 3 hr time ... |
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| Inflammatory Cell Types and Cytokines in Monkey Lungs Following Exposure to Aerosolized Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B. |
13 MAY 1993 |
|
| Authors:
Lekan Oyejide; Jeenan Tseng; Jack Komisar; Robert Hunt; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC
|
| Frozen lung sections from Rhesus monkeys aerosolized with Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) and a control group from non-SEB protocols were examined for their distribution of a variety of inflammatory cell types and cytokines using immunohistochemical techniques. Lungs from SEB-dosed monkeys showed moderate increases in the numbers of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells as well. as CD68+ mononuclear cells in the alveolar septa. CD68+ macrophages also increased slightly in the alveoli. ... |
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| Assessment of Hemoglobin-Dependent Neurotoxicity: Alpha-Alpha Crosslinked Hemoglobin |
APR 93 |
|
| Authors:
S. S. Panter; K. D. Vandegriff; P. O. Yan; R. F. Regan; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Adult human hemoglobin Ao (HbA0) has been shown to be neurotoxic, and we wish to report on similar studies conducted using a modified hemoglobin which has been crosslinked between the alpha subunits (alpha-alphaHb). Cortical cell cultures were prepared from fetal Swiss-Webster mice at 15-16 days gestation. Mature cultures (days in vitro, 12-16) were exposed to alpha-alphaHb in a defined medium for 24-48 hours at 37 deg C. Low micromolar amounts ... |
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| Electron Conducting Adducts of Water-Soluble Redox Polyelectrolytes and Enzymes |
26 JAN 93 |
|
| Authors:
Ioanis Katakis; Mark Vreeke; Ling Ye; Atsushi Aoki; Adam Heller; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Biochemical fluxes were transduced to electrical currents through catalytic centers of oxidoreductases, that were electrically connected to electrodes with crosslinked hydrogel forming redox polymers. The enzymes were covalently bound to the hydrogels through which the electrons diffuse. The electron diffusion coefficients, reaching 10-8cm2sec-1 in the redox polymer gels, were high enough to allow efficient collection of the electrons transferred during the electrooxidation or electroreduction of substrates. ne adequate electron diffusion ... |
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| Development of Biopore Biodegradable Delivery System for Bone-Inductive Proteins and Growth Factors |
18 JAN 93 |
|
| Authors:
Elie S. Nuwayser; BIOTEK INC WOBURN MA
|
| Craniofacial defects and injuries are a major cause of disfigurement and loss of function, accounting for many wartime casualties, civilian moving vehicle injuries, surgical defects, and congenital deformities. Reconstruction involves replacing bone with autogeneous grafts associated with considerable postoperative problems, or with allogeneic bank bone which suffers from insufficient supply and potential pathogen transmission. The use of demineralized bone matrix does not provide prompt tissue support, while polymers, ceramics, and ... |
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| Elimination of Electrooxidizable Interferant-Produced Currents in Amperometric Biosensors |
30 SEP 92 |
|
| Authors:
Ruben Maidan; Adam Heller; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Electrooxidizable ascorbate, urate and acetaminophen, that interfere with amperometric glucose assays are completely and rapidly oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in a multilayer electrode. The multilayer electrode is composed of an immobilized, but not electrically wired , horseradish peroxidase (HRP) film coated onto a film of electrically wired glucose oxidase (GOX). The wired enzyme is connected by a redox epoxy network to a vitreous carbon electrode. The current from the electrooxidizable ... |
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| Development of an Aquatic Bioassay Using the Medaka (Oryzias latipes) to Assess Human Health Risks: Tumor Immunodiagnosis |
27 APR 92 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Tracie E. Bunton; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| In a continuation project for the development of aquatic bioassays as alternatives for carcinogenicity and toxicity testing to assess human health risk, immunohistochemical techniques (IHC) for the diagnosis of carcinogen induced neoplasms and other proliferative lesions in fish will be developed. Groups of medaka (Oryzias latipes) have been exposed to either N-methyl-n-nitro- n-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG) or methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM-Ac) induce variable neoplasms and proliferative lesions to which IHC can be applied ... |
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| Mechanisms and Effects of Plant Activation of Chemicals in the Environment |
20 APR 92 |
|
| Authors:
Michael J. Plewa; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA INST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
|
| Plants can activate promutagens into stable mutagens and these genotoxic agents may be hazardous to the environment and to the public health. Using m-phenylenediamine (m-PDA) as a archetype compound we developed a working model for plant-activation. (1) The aromatic amine is transported into the plant cell, (2) intracellular peroxidase oxidizes the molecule (3) the metabolite is conjugated to a macromolecule, (4) the amine-conjugate is secreted into the extracellular medium, (5) ... |
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| Acquisition of Heat Stable Enzymes from Thermophilic Microorganisms: Peroxidases, Ureases, and Glucose Oxidases |
APR 92 |
115 pages |
| Authors:
Joan D. Combie; Kenneth N. Runnion; Michael L. Williamson; J K RESEARCH INC BOZEMAN MT
|
| Thermophilic microoganisms producing heat stable peroxidases, ureases and glucose oxidase have been collected and isolated. Optimization methodology for the production and purification of these enzymes has been investigated in detail. The 16S rRNA and fatty acid analyses suggest the three organisms submitted to US Army Chemical. Research, Development and Engineering Center (CRDEC) have not been previously isolated and identified. The most noteworthy observation was a heat stable urease with a ... |
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| Electrical Connection of Enzyme Redox Centers to Electrodes |
20 MAR 92 |
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| Authors:
Adam Heller; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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| Electrically insulating proteins can be made redox-conducting through incorporation of a high density of electron relaying redox centers. Electrons diffuse in the resulting redox conductors by self-exchange between identical and electron transfer between different relaying centers. When the self-exchange rate of the relays and their density are high, the flux of electrons through a 1um thick film of a 3-dimensional macromolecular network can match or exceed the rate of supply ... |
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| The Mechanisms and Effects of the Plant Activation of Chemicals in the Environment |
02 DEC 91 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Plewa; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA
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| Plant activation is the process by which promutagenic agents are activated into mutagens by plant systems. With the widespread use of agricultural chemicals on crop plants and with the global exposure of plants to pollutants, the possibility exists that plant-activated agents may be introduced into the human food chain. The plant cell/microbe coincubation assay uses cultured plant cell suspensions as the activating system and bacteria or yeast cells as the ... |
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