| Clearing a Pile of Unknown Objects using Interactive Perception |
Nov 2012 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Dov Katz; Moslem Kazemi; J A Bagnell; Anthony Stentz; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA ROBOTICS INST
|
 | We address the problem of clearing a pile of unknown objects using an autonomous interactive perception approach. Our robot hypothesizes the boundaries of objects in a pile of unknown objects (object segmentation) and verifies its hypotheses (object detection) using deliberate interactions. To guarantee the safety of the robot and the environment, we use compliant motion primitives for poking and grasping. Every verified segmentation hypothesis can be used to parameterize a ... |
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| Learning by Doing: The PLA Trains at Home and Abroad |
Nov 2012 |
400 pages |
| Authors:
Roy Kamphausen; David Lai; Travis Tanner; ARMY WAR COLLEGE CARLISLE BARRACKS PA STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE
|
| Learning by Doing: The PLA Trains at Home and Abroad is the latest volume in a series on the PLA produced by the Strategic Studies Institute (SSI), The National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR), and the United States Pacific Command (USPACOM). The papers presented here are a timely and critical look at an evolving and expanding Chinese military and provide context for the changes we may yet see as the ... |
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| The Effects of a Novel Head-Mounted Symbology on Spatial Disorientation and Flight Performance in U.S. Air Force Pilots |
24 Oct 2012 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Fred H Previc; Nathan A Dillon; Rick H Evans; Ryan Maresh; William R Ercoline; Joseph Fischer; SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE MEDICINE WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB OH
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| Spatial disorientation (SD) has accounted for about 25% of all Class A mishaps in the U.S. Air Force over the past several decades, with over 40% of fatal mishaps attributed to SD. One way to counter SD is by improving attitude awareness (pitch and roll) and overall spatial orientation through improved primary flight displays. One such display, the X-Motion Device(Trademark) (XMD), is a see-through device resembling standard eyewear but with ... |
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| A Demonstration of HEFA SPK/JP-8 Fuel Blend at the Camp Grayling Joint Maneuver Training Center |
01 Oct 2012 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Patsy A Muzzell; ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
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| The purpose of the demonstration was to capture real world vehicle data and perceptions of military personnel while a variety of tactical ground vehicles and equipment were operated on a candidate drop-in alternative fuel for the Single Battlefield Fuel, JP-8. The candiate drop-in fuel is a blend of up to 50% by volume of Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (EFA SPK) and JP-8. The results from this ... |
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| How Small Arms Capabilities Shape Decisions at Battalion and Brigade Level |
27 Sep 2012 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Dan Evans; John Willis; MILITARY ACADEMY WEST POINT NY NETWORK SCIENCE CENTER (NSC)
|
| On 27 September 2012, West Point's Small Arms Technology Team interviewed a group of current and former battalion and brigade commanders. The focus of the conversations focused on criteria to measure small arms effectiveness, desired small arms capabilities, perceptions of current US Small Arms by US Soldiers, and driving forces or deep trends that will have a major influence on Small Arms over the next 30 years. |
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| Sensor Data Integrity and Mitigation of Perceptual Failures |
Aug 2012 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Thierry Peynot; SYDNEY UNIV (AUSTRALIA) AUSTRALIAN CENTER FOR FIELD ROBOTICS
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| This report describes basic research to analyze and investigate methods for automatic detection and mitigation of sensor and perception data. Specifically, the PI will investigate 1) Metrics for sensor performance in context using multi-modal redundancy and information theoretic approaches; 2) Detection, localization and mitigation of faults and failures using hierarchical causal reasoning for diagnosis; 3) Develop methods for using low-level (e.g., sensor data fusion filter) versus high-level (autonomous inference) processes ... |
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| Optimization Strategies for Cognition and Autonomy in Mixed Human-Robot Teams |
Jul 2012 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Vaibhav Srivastava; Francesco Bullo; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA CENTER FOR CONTROL, DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS AND COMPUTATION (CCDC)
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| The Law of Force or The Force of Law: Does Following The Rule of Law Assist Security Forces in Defeating an Armed Insurgency? |
08 Jun 2012 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Steven M Ranieri; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
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| Does following the rule of law assist security forces in defeating an armed insurgency? If so, what factors assist or prevent security forces from conducting operations in accordance with rule of law principles? Counterinsurgency literature and U.S. Army doctrine favor a population-centric approach to counterinsurgency, of which the primary objective is controlling the population. Both insurgent and counterinsurgent have two instruments in the struggle for control and support of the ... |
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| Planning for Organization Development in Operations Control Centers |
Jun 2012 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Linda G Pierce; Clara A Williams; Cristina L Byrne; Darendia McCauley; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| The first step in a proposed program of organization development (OD) was to assess organizational processes within the Technical Operations Services (TechOps) Operations Control Centers (OCCs). The aim of the OD program was to improve effectiveness of OCC operations and increase satisfaction of OCC personnel. The assessment was based on an understanding of current and future OCC concepts of operations, a review of organizational practices within the OCCs, and the ... |
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| DOD Strategic Communication: Integrating Foreign Audience Perceptions into Policy Making, Plans, and Operations |
24 May 2012 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Courts; John Pendleton; Jason Bair; Marie Mak; Ashley Alley; Erin Behmann; Debbie Chung; Martin de Alteris; Susan Ditto; Nick Jepson; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
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| DOD officials are seeking to approach strategic communication as a process that leaders, planners, and operators should follow to integrate foreign audience perceptions into policy making, planning, and operations at every level. However, descriptions of strategic communication in several key documents including the Quadrennial Defense Review and the National Framework for Strategic Communication characterize it differently. For example, the Quadrennial Defense Review describes strategic communication as the coordination of activities ... |
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| Natural Products as Sources for New Pesticides |
22 May 2012 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Charles L Cantrell; Franck E Dayan; Stephen O Duke; AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNIVERSITY MS NATURAL PRODUCTS UTILIZATION RESEARCH UNIT
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| Natural products as pesticides have been reviewed from several perspectives in the past, but no prior treatment has examined the impact of natural product and natural product-based pesticides on the U.S. market, as a function of new active ingredient registrations with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Thus, EPA registration details of new active ingredients for all conventional pesticide registrations and biopesticide registrations were compiled from the years 1997 2010. Conventional ... |
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| The Political Dynamics of Insurgency: The Importance of Government Legitimacy |
22 Mar 2012 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D Sagraves; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
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| This paper examines the sociopolitical connection between the government and the population and how the relative strength of this link, derived from the public's perception of their government's legitimacy, may determine the success or failure of an insurgency. To analyze the government-population link, three aspects of legitimate and effective governance are examined: the government's ability to provide adequate security; the ability of the government to support and enforce the rule ... |
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| Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses |
02 Mar 2012 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The Obama Administration identifies Iran as a major threat to U.S. national security interests. This perception is generated by suspicions of Iran s intentions for its nuclear program heightened by a November 8, 2011, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) report as well as by Iran s support for militant groups in the Middle East and in Iraq and Afghanistan. U.S. officials also accuse Iran of helping Syria s leadership try ... |
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| ARO Report: AMSRD-ARL-RO-SI Proposal Number 54182-LS (University of Central Florida) |
Mar 2012 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
P A Hancock; UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA ORLANDO DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
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| This work investigated the advantages of multi-modality in display capacity for various soldier-critical tasks such as visual search for threat detection. Experiments were conducted at differing sites using individuals of differing skill level. Experimental findings confirmed the multi-modal advantage of joint signal presentation and ascertained that such a multi-modal advantage is found predominantly in the perceptual and decision-making phases of information processing as opposed to purely the motor element. Further, ... |
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| Your Faith, My Fear: Countering Consent to Cosmic Positioning |
Mar 2012 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
Julie Nations; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Addressing American fear of discourse on faith, as indicated through evolving American faith narratives, is essential in effectively countering modern day terrorism and to sustaining and securing the republic founded upon unique and enduring democratic principles. This research explores American faith narratives and subsequent relevance to cosmic war, the consequences of American reactions and perceptions to religious extremism, and the prospect, parameters, and purpose of inclusive faith discourse in the ... |
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| Regional Security Cooperation in the Maghreb and Sahel: Algeria's Pivotal Ambivalence |
Feb 2012 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Laurence A Ammour; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC AFRICA CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES
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| Efforts to counter al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb s (AQIM) growing influence in both the Maghreb and the Sahel are fragmented because of the inability of neighbors to forge collaborative partnerships. Algeria faces inverse incentives to combat AQIM outside of Algiers as it gains much of its geostrategic leverage by maintaining overstated perceptions of a serious terrorism threat. The Algerian government s limited legitimacy, primarily derived from its ability ... |
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| Robotic Telepresence: Perception, Performance, and User Experience |
Feb 2012 |
130 pages |
| Authors:
Linda R Elliott; Chris Jansen; Elizabeth S Redden; Rodger A Pettitt; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE
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| Two experiments examined the effectiveness of telepresence features during indoor and outdoor beyond-line-of-sight robot reconnaissance missions. In the first experiment, Soldier participants controlled a reconnaissance robot with two controllers developed by TNO Human Factors: one with and one without telepresence capabilities. Telepresence capabilities included a stereo visual display and a head-mounted camera that was guided by operator head movements. Soldiers performed equivalent search and identification tasks with each controller interface. ... |
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| Perceptions and Efficacy of Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA) Programs Among Small-scale Operators |
Jan 2012 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Shelley E Lowe; Elaine E Pfleiderer; Thomas R Chidester; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| Despite safety and economic advantages, as well as endorsements by the International Civil Aviation Organization, the FAA, the National Transportation Safety Board, and Congress, voluntary Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA)participation has not been fully implemented in the United States (GAO, 2010), particularly among small operators. Pilots' concern about data misuse continues to be one of the primary factors preventing participation in voluntary safety programs. Considered in conjunction with pilots' attitudes ... |
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| Implicit and Explicit Categorization: A Tale of Four Species |
Jan 2012 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
J D Smith; Mark E Berg; Robert G Cook; Matthew S Murphy; Matthew J Crossley; Joe Boomer; Brian Spiering; Michael J Beran; Barbara A Church; F G Ashby; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
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| Categorization is essential for survival, and it is a widely studied cognitive adaptation in humans and animals. An influential neuroscience perspective differentiates in humans an explicit, rule-based categorization system from an implicit system that slowly associates response outputs to different regions of perceptual space. This perspective is being extended to study categorization in other vertebrate species, using category tasks that have a one-dimensional, rule based solution or a two-dimensional, information-integration ... |
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| Emergent Intelligent Behavior through Integrated Investigation of Embodied Natural Language, Reasoning, Learning, Computer Vision, and Robotic Manipulation |
11 Oct 2011 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey M Siskind; PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
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| We developed methods for estimating the camera-relative pose and compositional structure of a Lincoln Log assembly from a single image together with methods for rendering a description of that structure in English and then replicating that structure with a robot manipulator arm from that English description. |
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| Mental Health and Resilience: Soldiers' Perceptions about Psychotherapy, Medication, and Barriers to Care in the United States Military |
Oct 2011 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Steven Southwick; YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT
|
| Research has reported perceived barriers to care in military populations, but there have not been any studies to date that demonstrate the degree to which subjective barriers translate into lack of utilization. Moreover, studies of mental health service utilization have not examined patient beliefs and perceptions, instead focusing on characteristics such as race, gender, and sociodemographic variables. To our knowledge there have not been any systematic investigations into what soldiers ... |
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| Integrated Physiological Mechanisms of Exercise Performance, Adaptation, and Maladaptation to Heat Stress |
Oct 2011 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Michael N Sawka; Lisa R Leon; Scott J Montain; Larry A Sonna; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
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| This article emphasizes significant recent advances regarding heat stress and its impact on exercise performance, adaptations, fluid electrolyte imbalances, and pathophysiology. During exercise heat stress, the physiological burden of supporting high skin blood flow and high sweating rates can impose considerable cardiovascular strain and initiate a cascade of pathophysiological events leading to heat stroke. We examine the association between heat stress, particularly high skin temperature, on diminishing cardiovascular/aerobic reserves as ... |
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| Dynamic Camouflage in Benthic and Pelagic Cephalopods: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Crypsis Based on Color, Reflection, and Bioluminescence |
30 Sep 2011 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Sonke Johnsen; Alison Sweeney; Daniel Morse; Dariusz Stramski; Jules Jaffe; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC DEPT OF BIOLOGY
|
| Our overall goal is to understand the perceptual and mechanistic principles that underlay camouflage framed in the context of the animals environment. In particular, we hope to characterize and understand the perceptual abilities of several species of benthic and pelagic cephalopods, the aspects of their optical environment that affect their camouflage behavior, the characterization of that behavior, and the molecular mechanisms inside the skin by which those responses are accomplished. ... |
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| A Columnar Primary Visual Cortex (V1) Model Emulation Using a PS3 Cell-Be Array |
Sep 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J Moore; Richard Linderman; Morgan Bishop; Robinson Pino; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB ROME NY INFORMATION DIRECTORATE
|
| A model of portions of the cerebral cortex is being developed to explore neuromorphic computing strategies in the context of highly parallel platforms. The interest is driven by the value of applications which can make use of highly parallel architectures we expect to see surpassing one thousand cores per die in the next few years. A central question we seek to answer is what the architecture of hyper-parallel machines should ... |
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| Pashtun Social Structure: Cultural Perceptions and Segmentary Lineage Organization |
03 Aug 2011 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph A Tainter; Donald G MacGregor; MACGREGOR BATES INC COTTAGE GROVE OR
|
| The Pashtun are an ethnic group that straddles the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, and are the largest group in Afghanistan. Pashtun social structure is what anthropologists term a segmentary lineage system. In such a system, there is a hierarchy of social groupings starting at the local level, then proceeding upward through various levels to an entire ethnic group. These relationships are based on kinship and shared culture. Segmentary lineage organization presents outsiders ... |
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| Multiple Aptitude Normative Intelligence Testing that Distinguishes U.S. Air Force MQ-1 Predator Sensor Operators from Peers in the Civilian General Population and AC-130 Gunship Sensor Operators |
Jul 2011 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
John Cotton; Wayne L Chappelle; Jennifer N Heaton; Amber Salinas; SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE MEDICINE WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB OH AEROSPACE MEDICINE DEPT/ AEROSPACE MEDICINE CONSULTATION DIV
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| U.S. Air Force (USAF) MQ-1 Predator and MQ-9 Reaper sensor operators (SOs) have a critical role in intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR); basic surface attack; and close air support (CAS) operations. The duties of the Predator/Reaper SOs are perceived by subject matter experts as having high levels of intelligence and visual-spatial aptitudes to successfully pass training and adapt to operational challenges. To date, there are no studies that assess the cognitive ... |
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| These Are Ours: The Effects of Ownership and Groups on Property Negotiation |
Jul 2011 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Peter J Carnevale; Yoo K Kim; Celso M De Melo; Morteza Dehghani; Jonathan Gratch; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
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| Ownership tends to affect negotiation by increasing the value that the negotiator places on the objects being negotiated. In this study, we invented a new computer-controlled negotiation task that presents negotiators pictures of objects on a screen and the negotiators grab the objects, or give them to an opponent, using a mouse. We experimentally varied ownership, telling negotiators in one case that they owned the objects (but needed the other's ... |
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| The UK Army officers' Experience with the ROCC Model and its Implications for Captains Education in the US Army |
10 JUN 2011 |
115 pages |
| Authors:
Peter M. Sittenauer; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| The School of Advanced Leadership and Tactics (SALT) is developing the new Captains level educational model, known as the Mid-Grade Learning Continuum for 2015 (MLC 2015), based on TRADOC's Army Learning Concept for 2015 (ALC 2015). Since 2004, the UK Army has utilized an education model for its Captains known as the Review of Officer Career Courses (ROCC). The major similarities between ROCC and MLC 2015 are: (1) distributed or ... |
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| C-5 Channel Delays: Analysis of Potential Causal Factors |
JUN 2011 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew T. Vann; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH DEPT OF OPERATIONAL SCIENCES
|
| The C-5 Galaxy is a key contributor to channel mission success, but delays have plagued operations and reduced the effectiveness and efficiency of deliveries to the warfighter. Inappropriate manning levels and performance measurement techniques have hampered maintenance efforts at home-station and enroute locations. Additionally, current mission management practices increase the perception of unreliability in the C-5. However, even when considering only new and unique situations, the Galaxy has an inordinate ... |
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| Facing the Long War: Factors that Lead Soldiers to Stay in the Army during Persistent Conflict |
19 MAY 2011 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan T. Petty; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
|
| The purpose of the monograph is to explore the trends in retention during the last fifteen years during an era of persistent conflict. Frequent deployments influence soldiers' retention decisions. Based on extensive research from surveys, focus groups, and retention analysis, eight factors stand out. The eight primary retention factors for U.S. Army soldiers are family support, military and civilian education, quality physical and mental health services, pay and benefits, serving ... |
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| Unbalanced Stability: Applying Lessons from American Cities in Stability Operations |
19 MAY 2011 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Ryan R. Poyant; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
|
| Over the past decade, the United States has focused its military energy on the conduct of Stability Operations. The U.S. Department of Defense raised Stability Operations to the same level of importance as Offensive and Defensive Operations in 2005. The U.S. government has worked to integrate other national government agencies, as well as partner host nation agencies, into Stability Operations. Many cities in the United States suffer from threats that ... |
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| Advisors Divided: the French, Americans and the Training Relations and Instruction Mission in South Vietnam, 1955-1956 |
19 MAY 2011 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory M. Schrein; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
|
| This monograph examines the effectiveness of the combined French and American Training Relations and Instruction Mission. The United States' fears regarding the spread of communism during the 1950s appeared justified in Vietnam following the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu. Following the Geneva cease fire agreements in July 1954, the United States moved to fill the impending void of benefactor to the non-communist South Vietnamese. Prior to departing, both the ... |
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| Learning Speaker Recognition Models through Human-Robot Interaction |
May 2011 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
E Martinson; W Lawson; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Person identification is the problem of identifying an individual that a computer system is seeing, hearing, etc. Typically this is accomplished using models of the individual. Over time, however, people change. Unless the models stored by the robot change with them, those models will became less and less reliable over time. This work explores automatic updating of person identification models in the domain of speaker recognition. By fusing together tracking ... |
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| US Army Europe: Sharing the ITAM Tenets with Multinational Partners in Africa |
May 2011 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Jeff Andrews; ARMY (7TH) JOINT MULTINATIONAL TRAINING COMMAND CAMP NORMANDY (GERMANY)
|
| ITAM Tenets: Information Excellence Ensures the U.S. Army is using the best available information and science to support its ranges and land assets. Integrated Management Ensures that the major management functions directly affecting ranges and land assets are integrated to support the training mission. Outreach Provides an outlet to explain to the public why training activities are essential and improves understanding of Public perception of, and Concerns about, training and ... |
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| Minority Undergraduate Research in Prostate Cancer: Bridging Opportunities for Postbaccalaureate Education |
Apr 2011 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Sikes; DELAWARE UNIV NEWARK
|
| Four students, 3 from Delaware State University and 1 from Lincoln University, were recruited to participate in prostate cancer research in laboratories at the University of Delaware. In compliance with the aims of our grant the students each received intensive research training over the 10-week summer program. All students were required to participate in enrichment activities that spanned the scope of intellectual property, careers in medicine and science, as well ... |
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| Imagery in Cognitive Architecture: Representation and Control at Multiple Levels of Abstraction |
19 Mar 2011 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Samuel Wintermute; AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH CENTER ANN ARBOR MI
|
| Visual and spatial mental imagery processes seem to play a prominent role in human cognition, and AI systems have occasionally incorporated imagery-like processes in order to leverage functional benefits. Typically, these benefits have been characterized as the ability to perform more efficient inference through the use of specialized representation. However, as explored in this article, when considering the design of a cognitive architecture--a specification of fixed mechanisms underlying intelligent behavior--the ... |
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| Cognitive Algorithms for Signal Processing |
18 MAR 2011 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Leonid I. Perlovsky; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SENSORS DIRECTORATE/ELECTROMAGNETICS TECHNOLOGY DIV
|
| Processes in the mind: perception, cognition, concepts, instincts, emotions, and higher cognitive abilities are considered here within a neural modeling fields paradigm. Its fundamental mathematical mechanism is a process "from vague-fuzzy to crisp", called dynamic logic. The paper discusses why this paradigm is necessary mathematically, and relates it to a psychological description of the mind. Cognitive algorithms using Dynamic Logic result in significant improvement of signal processing. |
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| Autonomous Vehicle Panel 2011 Pacific Operations Science and Technology Conference |
16 MAR 2011 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Grace Bochenek; ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER WARREN MI
|
| MAST CTA: Basic Research for Micro-System * ROBOTICS CTA: Fundamental Robotics Research * MAGIC: International Robotics Challenge * RDP's: Research and Demonstration. |
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| Ambiguity Priming Facilitates Pattern Detection and Resistance to Set-Shifting |
01 OCT 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Lilianne R. Mujica-Parodi; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT STONY BROOK
|
| The goal of this grant was to test the ambiguity-priming hypothesis empirically, as well as to provide a quantitative description of this behavior using approaches borrowed from game theory. Ambiguity-priming was behaviorally tested with N=20 individuals at the visual perceptual level with a motion detection task including points with probabilistic coherence. We did not find evidence for the hypothesis that ambiguity priming facilitates pattern detection or influences set-shifting in the ... |
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| Risk Propensity, Risk Perception, and Sensation Seeking in US Army Soldiers: A Preliminary Study of a Risk Assessment Task Battery |
Oct-2010 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Amanda M Kelley; William D Killgore; Jeremy R Athy; Michael Dretsch; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Preliminary evidence shows that Soldiers' propensity to engage in risky behaviors is significantly correlated with the severity of combat experiences during a recent deployment. This relationship was weak & assessed in Soldiers post-deployment. A battery of tasks measuring risk propensity, risk perception, risk aversion, & sensation seeking was assembled to be used in study tracking individual change in risk taking behaviors. The objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate ... |
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| Mental Health and Resilience: Soldiers' Perceptions about Psychotherapy, Medications, and Barriers to Care in the United States Military |
OCT 2010 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Steven Southwick; YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Research has reported perceived barriers to care in military populations, but there have not been any studies to date that demonstrate the degree to which subjective barriers translate into lack of utilization. Moreover, studies of mental health service utilization have not examined patient beliefs and perceptions, instead focusing on characteristics such as race, gender, and socio-demographic variables. To our knowledge there have not been any systematic investigations into what soldiers ... |
|
| Learning Robustly Through Embedded Cognition |
16 Aug 2010 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Niels Taatgen; JOHN ANDERSON; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA
|
| In the ACT-R modeling approach we assume that in order to become skilled at a task, we start with knowledge that first consists of a set of memorized instructions that is interpreted by the cognitive system. This interpretation process is gradually internalized by a process we call production compilation, leading to improvements in performance in terms of speed and accuracy. The quality and robustness of the resulting skill partially depends ... |
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| Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Perceptual Decisions Between Multiple Alternatives Based on Multiple Sources of Evidence |
28 Jul 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jochen Ditterich; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS
|
| The goal of the project was to elucidate computational and neural mechanisms underlying perceptual decisions between multiple alternatives. Behavioral experiments in humans as well as combined behavioral and neurophysiological experiments in non-human primates were performed, and computational modeling techniques were used for addressing the computational mechanisms underlying the perceptual decisions. A multi-alternative version of the random dot motion direction discrimination task, using a multi-component stimulus, was found to provide a ... |
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| Category Learning by Clustering with Extension to Dynamic Environments |
03 MAY 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Bradley C. Love; TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN
|
| This project focuses on how humans master new categories by learning from examples with extension to dynamic environments. Decision making tends to take place in dynamic environments in which successive decisions are contingent on one another, and in which the rewards associated with actions can be delayed, yet most tasks that have been studied in the laboratory are broken up into brief, independent trials (e.g., classification of a stimulus) in ... |
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| Multimodal Interfaces: Literature Review of Ecological Interface Design, Multimodal Perception and Attention, and Intelligent Adaptive Multimodal Interfaces |
MAY 2010 |
269 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne Giang; Sathya Santhakumaran; Ehsan Masnavi; Doug Glussich; Julianne Kline; Fiona Chui; Catherine Burns; Jonathan Histon; John Zelek; WATERLOO UNIV (ONTARIO)
|
| To improve operational effectiveness for the Canadian Forces (CF), the Joint Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Surveillance Target Acquisition System (JUSTAS) project is acquiring a medium-altitude, long-endurance (MALE) uninhabited aerial vehicle (UAV). In support of the JUSTAS project, Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) - Toronto is investigating the human factors issues of UAV ground control stations (GCS) interfaces for UAVs and exploring possible solutions using multimodal displays. This report analyzes current ... |
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| Developing a Cognitive Model of Expert Performance for Ship Navigation Maneuvers in an Intelligent Tutoring System |
Mar 2010 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jason H Wong; Susan S Kirschenbaum; Stanley Peters; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
|
| The goal of this project is to develop a cognitive model of expert ship-handling performance. This model was integrated with an intelligent tutoring system and an immersive visual simulation used by the U.S. Navy. This intelligent tutor and expert cognitive model (written in a Java-based version of ACT-R) provides feedback to the student based on the student actions in order to reduce workload on the instructors. The nature of ship ... |
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| Dynamic Camouflage in Benthic and Pelagic Cephalopods: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Crypsis Based on Color, Reflection, and Bioluminescence |
2010 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Sonke Johnsen; Alison Sweeney; Daniel Morse; Dariusz Stramski; Jules Jaffe; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC DEPT OF BIOLOGY
|
| Our overall goal is to understand the perceptual and mechanistic principles that underlay camouflage framed in the context of the animals' environment. In particular, we plan to characterize and understand the perceptual abilities of several species of benthic and pelagic cephalopods, the aspects of their optical environment that affect their camouflage behavior, the characterization of that behavior, and the molecular mechanisms inside the skin by which those responses are accomplished. ... |
|
| Human Capital. Monitoring of Safeguards and Addressing Employee Perceptions Are Key to Implementing a Civilian Performance Management System in DOD |
Oct-2009 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Brenda S Farrell; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
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| In 2004, the Department of Defense (DOD) began implementing the National Security Personnel System (NSPS)--a human capital system for DOD civilians. NSPS significantly redesigned the way DOD civilians are hired, compensated, and promoted. Pub. L. No. 110-181 mandated that GAO conduct reviews of the NSPS performance management system in calendar years 2008, 2009, and 2010. In this report, GAO assessed (1) the extent to which DOD has implemented certain internal ... |
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| Islamist Terrorist Networks in Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Sep-2009 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Slaven Blavicki; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| After the attacks on the United States in September 2001, Bosnia and Herzegovina acquired a reputation as a country supporting international terrorism. This perception was mostly a result of the 1992-1995 war, when foreign fighters tied to Islamist terrorist groups came to support the Bosniaks and spread radical Islam. The thesis investigates three theories about the development or support of terrorist networks and the radicalization of society. The thesis assesses ... |
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| Criterion-Based Training to Reduce Surgical Errors |
Sep-2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Marvin P Fried; MONTEFIORE MEDICAL CENTER BRONX NY
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| Technical skill is at the core of surgery. Surgical training typically lasts for a specified time period or number of procedures. This approach produces surgeons with considerably variable skill levels. Also, training on patients is becoming unacceptable for patient safety. In contrast, pilots and other non-medical personnel are trained to criteria on simulators to ensure skill proficiency in their MOS prior to reporting for duty. Proficiency levels are objectively established ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
PERCEPTION
