| Flame Synthesis of Nanosized Cu-Ce-O, Ni-Ce-O, and Fe-Ce-O Catalysts for the Water-Gas Shift (WGS) Reaction |
04-Nov-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Qi Wang; Lourdes G Salamanca-Riba; Anatoly I Frenkel; Karen J Gaskell; Osifo Akhuemonkhan; Sicong Hou; Ivan C Lee; Ranjan K Pati; Deryn Chu; Sheryl H Ehrman; MARYLAND UNIV COLLEGE PARK
|
 | A flame synthesis method has been used to prepare nanosized, high-surface-area Cu-Ce-O, Ni-Ce-O, and Fe-Ce-O catalysts from aqueous solutions of metal acetate precursors. The particles were formed by vaporization of the precursors followed by reaction and then gas to particle conversion. The specific surface areas of the synthesized powders ranged from 127 to 163 sq m/g. High-resolution transmission electron microscope imaging showed that the particle diameters for the ceria materials ... |
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| Viral Penetration of High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters (PREPRINT) |
Sep-2009 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph D Wander; Brian K Helmbuch; C Y Wu; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC TYNDALL AFB FL
|
| High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters are the primary technology used for particulate removal in individual and collective protection applications. HEPA filters are commonly thought to be impenetrable, but in fact they are only 99.97% efficient at collecting the most-penetrating particle (approx. 0.3 micrometer). While this is an impressive collection efficiency, HEPA filters may not provide adequate protection for all threats: viruses are submicron in size and have small minimum ... |
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| The Use of Commercial Remote Sensing Systems in Predicting Helicopter Brownout Conditions |
Sep-2009 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
Christine K Rabaja; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from RADARSAT-2 is analyzed for detection of soils susceptible to helicopter brownout. Helicopter brownout occurs when downwash disturbs the dust and sand beneath the aircraft during takeoff, landing, and low altitude operations. Brownout may lead to pilot spatial disorientation and loss of control, causing helicopter damage or destruction, as well as personnel injury or death. The likelihood of helicopter brownout is related to soil ... |
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| Dynamic Behavior of Nano-Sized Particles in Novel Energetic Materials for Space Propulsion |
11-Aug-2009 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas L Jackson; Steven F Son; William A Dick; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA-CHAMAPAIGN
|
| We report a comprehensive computational and experimental program investigating the characteristics and dynamic behavior of nano-size aluminum in novel energetic materials. For the computational portion, we employed (1) our in-house packing code, Rocpack, to generate morphologies of interest for heterogeneous propellants; (2) modified our solid rocket motor CFD code, Rocstar, to include appropriate models for chemistry, radiation, and nano-sized aluminum; and (3) simulated transient behavior of the propellants at rocket ... |
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| Assessment of the Performance of Iodine-Treated Biocidal Filters and Characterization of Virus Aerosols |
Jul-2009 |
142 pages |
| Authors:
Jin-Hwa Lee; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCES
|
| Enhanced awareness of the threat of biological warfare and the spread of airborne pathogens has stimulated interest in bioaerosols and the need to develop better methods for respiratory protection. Among pathogens, viruses and bacterial spores are of special concern because they exhibit resistance to inactivation, small (highly penetrating) particle size and low median infectious dose. This study compared the mechanical and total viable removal by a relatively inefficient (N50) iodine-treated ... |
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| Evaporation Rates of Chemical Warfare Agents Measured Using 5 CM Wind Tunnels. 2. Munitions Grade Sulfur Mustard From Sand |
Jul-2009 |
184 pages |
| Authors:
H D Durst; Erin L Maloney; Christopher V Giannaras; Bruce E King; Joseph P Myers; Robert G Nickol; Seok H Hong; Kenneth B Sumpter; Carol A Brevett; John J Pence; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP GUNPOWDER MD
|
| The evaporation of sulfur mustard from sand was studied as a function of temperature, drop size and air flow rate, using the same instrumentation as prior studies on glass. The evaporation rate increased with higher temperature, drop size, and wind speed; and an empirical equation was determined that would allow for the calculation of the evaporation rate given the environmental conditions. |
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| Characterization of Reaerosolization From Impingers in an Effort to Improve Airborne Virus Sampling |
Apr-2009 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Jin-Hwa Lee; Chang-Yu Wu; Lindsey M Riemenschnelder; Dale A Lundgren; Hsing-Wang Li; Joseph D Wander; Brian K Heimbuch; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCES
|
| An AGI-30 impinger containing particles (MS2 bacteriophage or 30-nm polystyrene latex (PSL)) of known concentration was operated with sterile air. Reaerosolized particles as a function of sampling flow rate and impinge collection liquid concentration were characterized using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer. Reaerosolization from the impinge was also compared to that from a BioSampler. Results show that the reaerosolization increases as flow rate increases. While the increased particle concentration in ... |
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| A Computational Tool for Evaluating THz Imaging Performance in Brownout Conditions at Land Sites Throughout the World |
Mar-2009 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Seth L Marek; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This study quantifies terahertz (THz) or sub-millimeter imaging performance during simulated rotary-wing brownout or whiteout environments based on geographic location and recent/current atmospheric weather conditions. The atmospheric conditions are defined through the Air Force Institute of Technology Center for Directed Energy (AFIT/CDE) Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference or LEEDR model. This model enables the creation of vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content, optical turbulence, and atmospheric particulates ... |
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| Estimation of Weapon Yield From Inversion of Dose Rate Contours |
Mar-2009 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
Buckley E O'Day; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This research studies the uncertainty in yield estimation from inversion of dose rate contours. The Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability (HPAC) and a simple FORTRAN95 based Fallout Deposition Code (FDC) are used to recreate dose rate contours from historic nuclear tests. Fallout footprints from six atomic tests are recreated using balloon wind soundings and high resolution mesoscale weather reanalysis data. Dose rate contour plots are created for different yields for ... |
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| Outdoor Sand and Dust Testing |
06-Feb-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY WHITE SANDS TEST CENTER WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NEW MEXICO SURVIVABILITY VULNERABILITY AND ASSESSMENT DIRECTORATE (SVAD)
|
| This TOP provides guidance for conducting sand and dust tests using an outdoor test facility. Outdoor facilities are required when a chamber test is not feasible due to test article size and/or chamber size limitations. Two procedures are described. One approximates the sand test guidance outlined in Military Standard (MIL-STD)-810G. The second method is offered as an alternative and attempts to meet both sand and dust test requirements in one ... |
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| Characterizations of Minerogenic Particles in Support of Modeling Light Scattering in Lake Superior Through a Two-Component Approach |
Jan-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Feng Peng; David O'Donnell; Alan D Weidemann; Steve W Effler; Martin T Auer; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The role of suspended minerogenic particles in light scattering in eastern Lake Superior and Keweenaw Bay (II sites) during July of 2006 was evaluated with an individual particle analysis technique (scanning electron microscopy interfaced with automated image and X-ray analyses, SAX), along with bulk paniculate scattering and backscattering coefficients (bp and bbp) and chlorophyll a concentration ([ChI]). SAX measurements provide light-scattering attributes of minerogenic particles, including chemical composition and particle ... |
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| Spray Characterization of Ultra-Low-Volume Sprayers Typically Used in Vector Control |
Jan-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
W C Hoffmann; Bradley K Fritz; Yubin Lan; Todd W Walker; Muhammad Farooq; Vincent L Smith; Cathy A Robinson; Dan Szumlas; NAVY ENTOMOLOGY CENTER OF EXCELLENCE JACKSONVILLE FL
|
| Numerous spray machines are used to apply pesticides for the control of human disease vectors, such as mosquitoes and flies, and the selection and setup of these machines significantly affects the level of control achieved during an application. The droplet spectra produced by 9 different ultra-low? volume sprayers with oil- and water-based spray solutions were evaluated along with 2 thermal foggers with the use of diesel-based spray solutions. The droplet ... |
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| The Dry Aerosol Deposition Device (DADD): An Instrument for Depositing Microbial Aerosols onto Surfaces |
Dec-2008 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph D Wander; Brian K Heimbuch; Kimberly R Kinney; Robert K Nichols; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC TYNDALL AFB FL
|
| The advent -- 60 years after the concept was first proposed -- of practical self-decontaminating materials coincides with international efforts to prepare for global viral epidemics to highlight a need for a method to rapidly and reproducibly contaminate surfaces with pathogenic bioaerosol particles and representative surrogates. Slow rotation of a single collection stage in a cascade impactor downstream of a Collison nebulizer is demonstrated to deposit by impaction a rotationally ... |
|
| Phase Stabilization of Ammonium Nitrate |
04-Nov-2008 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Claude Merrill; Louis A Dee; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| Ammonium nitrate (AN) as an ingredient for solid propellants has problems caused by a large volume phase change in normal operational temperature range, difficulty in keeping dry at relative humidities above 30%, 91 degrees F phase change making smaller AN particles causing propellant grain growth during temperature cycling, and caking behavior that creates a need for processing into propellant relatively soon after grinding to retain small particle sizes. Interference of ... |
|
| Evaporation Rates of Chemical Warfare Agents Using 5-CM Wind Tunnels I. CASARM Sulfur Mustard (HD) from Glass |
Oct-2008 |
187 pages |
| Authors:
John Pence; Aaron Flowers; Chris V Giannaras; Erin Maloney; Joseph P Myers; Robert G Nickol; Kenneth B Sumpter; Carol A Brevett; H D Durst; Bruce E King; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The evaporation of sulfur mustard (HD) from glass was studied as a function of temperature, drop size, and airflow rate. The evaporation rate was measured by collecting the HD vapor using thermal desorption tubes that were connected to the wind tunnel. The evaporation rate increased with higher temperature, drop size, and wind speed. Five different wind tunnels were used, and it was possible to fit all of the data generated ... |
|
| Scattering from inclusions in Marine Sediments: SAX04 Data/Model Comparisons |
14-Jul-2008 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Anatoliy N Ivakin; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| The role of discrete scatterers in marine sediments is evaluated based on acoustic and environmental measurements at the shallow water sediment acoustics experiment, SAX04, and shown to be significant. The sediment at SAX04 site was complicated and characterized as a mostly medium sand / mud mixture. Analysis of the sediment samples showed presence of a small volume portion of arger particles, such as coarse sand fraction and shell fragments, which ... |
|
| Dynamic Simulation of Particles in a Magnetorheological Fluid |
01-Jun-2008 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph M Spinks; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The mechanical and rheological properties of a MR fluid depend on the induced microstructure of the imbedded ferrous particles. When subject to an external field these particles magnetize and align themselves in chains parallel to the applied magnetic field. The microstructure of these chains is a function of several parameters including particle size, applied magnetic field strength, and viscosity and velocity of the surrounding fluid. This thesis will create a ... |
|
| Laser Spectroscopy of Levitated Microparticles in Molecular Plasmas |
27-May-2008 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Paul B Davies; CAMBRIDGE UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| During the past decade there has been increasing interest in the Chemistry and Physics of small particles in low temperature electric plasmas. This project aims to study spherical particles with the dimensions of microns (microspheres) levitated in molecular plasmas. A non invasive optical technique, Raman spectroscopy, is being used to probe the surface of the microspheres. Enhancement of the Raman signal will be achieved using whispering gallery modes (wgm's) in ... |
|
| Millimeter-Wave Propagation Measurement Through a Dust Tunnel |
MAR 2008 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
David Wikner; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| A one-week experiment was conducted to determine the millimeter-wave transmission loss due to dust. Transmission data was collected at 35, 94, and 217 GHz through a recirculating dust tunnel. Dust clouds of various densities were measured during the experiment. The millimeter-wave measurements were performed using transmitting sources on one side of the dust tunnel and antenna/detectors on the other. The hardware was designed to minimize noise and post-detection voltage drift. ... |
|
| LOCO: Characterization of Phytoplankton in Thin Optical Layers |
Jan-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Jan Rines; RHODE ISLAND UNIV NARRAGANSETT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF OCEANOGRAPHY
|
| Our long-term goal is to understand the ecology of phytoplankton inhabiting coastal shelves, upwelling areas, fjords and banks. We are especially interested in ways in which species-specific properties, including colony size and shape (diatoms) and motility (dinoflagellates) interact with physical mixing processes to regulate spatio-temporal distribution patterns. We wish to understand these processes in sufficient detail to be able to predict bloom dynamics, size structure, and the impact of species-specific ... |
|
| Precipitation of Al3(Sc,Zr) Particles in a Direct Chill Cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr Alloy During Conventional Solution Heat Treatment and its Effect on Tensile Properties |
Dec-2007 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
O N Senkov; M R Shaghiev; S V Senkova; D B Miracle; UES INC DAYTON OH
|
| The effect of heat treatment on precipitation and growth of coherent nanometer-sized Al3(Sc,Zr) particles and the effect of these particles on tensile properties of a direct chill (DC) cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr alloy were studied. The size distribution, average size, number density and volume fraction of the Al3(Sc,Zr) particles were determined as a function of the solution treatment temperature and time. The average particle diameter increased from 6.0 nm to 27.3 nm, ... |
|
| Role of Minerogenic Particles in Light Scattering in Lakes and a River in Central New York |
10 SEP 2007 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Feng Peng; Stevel Effler; David O'Donnell; Mary Gail Perkins; Alan D. Weidemann; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| The role of minerogenic particles in light scattering in several lakes and a river (total often sites) in central New York, which represent a robust range of scattering conditions, was evaluated based on an individual particle analysis technique of scanning electron microscopy interfaced with automated x-ray microanalysis and image analysis (SAX), in situ bulk measurements of particle scattering and backscattering coefficients (b sub p and b sub bp), and laboratory ... |
|
| Multiscale Modeling of Particle-Solidification Front Dynamics, Part 3: Theoretical Aspects and Parametric Study (Preprint) |
SEP 2007 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Justin W. Garvin; Yi Yang; H. S. Udaykumar; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EGLIN AFB FL MUNITIONS DIRECTORATE
|
| The development of the solidified microstructure in metal-matrix composites depends on complex interactions between non-planar solidification fronts and multiple particles. The problem is multiscale in nature; the motion of the particle (under the action of a nano-scale disjoining pressure force and a micro-scale viscous drag force) is dynamically coupled with the developing solidification front morphology, which is dependent on a variety of thermal conditions. Using computational techniques discussed in parts ... |
|
| Finite Element and Molecular Dynamics Modeling and Simulation of Thermal Properties |
JUN 2007 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel C. Kidd; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This study incorporated two approaches to determine the thermal conductivity of nanocomposite material using numerical modeling and simulation. The first was to look at the nanocomposite material at the macro level using a continuum model. The second approach broke the problem down to the atomic level and addressed the inter-atomic reactions using the Molecular Dynamics model. The continuum model was used to determine the optimal placement and alignment of the ... |
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| Human Effectiveness and Risk Characterization of Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) and Pelargonic Acid Vanillylamide (PAVA or Nonivamide) Hand-Held Devices |
MAY 2007 |
254 pages |
| Authors:
Lynne Haber; Patricia Nance; Andrew Maier; Paul Price; Eugene Olajos; Larry Bickford; Maureen McConnell; B. J. Klauenberg; TOXICOLOGY EXCELLENCE FOR RISK ASSESSMENT (TERA) CINCINNATI OH
|
| A Human Effectiveness and Risk Characterization (HERC) for oleoresin capsicum (OC) and pelargonic acid vanillylamide (PAVA or nonivamide) hand-held devices has been conducted in an effort organized by the Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL), Biobehavioral Systems Branch (RHDJ), in collaboration with the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), and the Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center (ECBC). The active ingredients in these devices are collectively termed capsaicinoids and act by peripheral sensory ... |
|
| Development of Improved and Novel Thermal Control Coatings (Preprint) |
MAY 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Amber I. Davis; Clifford A. Cerbus; Joel A. Johnson; DAYTON UNIV OH RESEARCH INST
|
| Thermal control coatings (TCCs) play a critical role in the thermal management of space assets through the reflection of incident solar energy and emittance of infrared heat. The development of new thermal control coatings with improved solar energy reflection, infrared emittance, and reduced weight are essential to the design of future space assets that will reside in harsh environments and have increasing constraints on weight. Optimization of pigment particle size ... |
|
| Viral Penetration of High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters |
FEB 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Brian K. Helmbuch; Jennifer K. Hodge; Joseph D. Wander; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC TYNDALL AFB FL
|
 | High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters are the primary technology used for particulate removal in many individual and collective protection applications. HEPA filters are commonly thought to be impenetrable to particulate matter, but in fact they are only 99.97% efficient at collecting the most penetrating particle (~ 0.2 micrometer). While this is an impressive collection efficiency, HEPA filters may be vulnerable to certain types of threats: Viruses are submicron in ... |
|
| Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Metastatic Bone Cancers |
FEB 2007 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Neal Vail; SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| Developed two procedures for preparing nanoparticles and demonstrated their ability to repeatedly produce nanoparticles with narrow distribution in the target particle size range of 70-200nm and smaller, if necessary. Synthesized and fully characterized PLA-b-PEG-Maleimide block copolymers to facilitate the attachment of bone-targeting ligands to polymer nanoparticles via thiol coupling. Improved lyostability of polymer nanoparticles, with and without PEG modification. Developed methods to radiolabel polymer nanoparticles, the first time, to our ... |
|
| Effects of Carbon Black Type on Breathable Butyl Rubber Membranes |
NOV 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
P. Threepopnatkul; D. Murphy; J. Mead; W. Zukas; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV LOWELL DEPT OF PLASTICS ENGINEERING
|
| This study addresses the formulation effects of carbon black type and carbon black loading on the physical properties of electrospun butyl rubber nonwoven membranes. These membranes are envisioned as a potential breathable barrier layer in chemical and biological (CB) protective garments. The advantages of an electrospun crosslinked elastomer system, when compared to similarly prepared thermoplastics, are increased flexibility, durability, and chemical resistance. The porosity and surface area of these membranes ... |
|
| PSMA-Targeted Nano-Conjugates as Dual-Modality (MRI/PET) Imaging Probes for the Noninvasive Detection of Prostate Cancer |
OCT 2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Xiankai Sun; TEXAS UNIV SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL SCHOOL AT DALLAS
|
| The goal of this project is to develop dual modality imaging probes for the detection of prostate cancer by doping radioisotopes to iron oxide nanoparticle, so that the sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer diagnosis could be significantly improved. In the first year, we successfully developed standard procedures to reproducibly prepare dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with desired particle size (DLS:7.5 - 35 nm) and size distribution (+1-5 nm) among the ... |
|
| Characteristics and Sampling Efficiencies of MicroST Virtual Impactors |
OCT 2006 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Jana S. Kesavan; Deborah Schepers; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| The aerosol sampling efficiencies of two prototype MicroST virtual impactors (BigRB and LittleRB) were determined at the U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC). These virtual impactors are designed to be connected serially to be a two-stage aerosol concentrator. The BigRB was tested at a total air flowrate of 24.5-32.3 Lpm with a minor airflow of 2.5-3.2 Lpm. The LittleRB was tested at a total airflow of 3.2-4.9 Lpm with ... |
|
| Characterizing Cirrus Clouds for Their Impact on Airborne Defensive Laser Systems |
29-Sep-2006 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Donald C Norquist; Paul R Desrochers; Patrick J McNicholl; John R Roadcap; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| This study describes the collection of field measurements of cirrus clouds during an eleven-month period over Hanscom AFB, MA, and how those measurements were used to estimate laser transmittance through the cirrus. Using ground-based radar and lidar measurements as a reference, it is shown that radiosonde observations can better detect the presence and geometric attributes of cirrus layers than can geostationary satellites. In comparing satellite retrievals of ice particle size ... |
|
| A Theory of Radiation Effects in Cellular Devices |
14 AUG 2006 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
B. D. Weaver; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| A theory is presented on radiation effects in "cellular" devices comprised of small particles such as nanocrystals or quantum dots. The theory explains the surprising discovery that the photoluminscence of quantum dot devices can be significantly more radiation-tolerant than bulk or quantum well-based diodes. |
|
| High Resolution Electro-Optical Aerosol Phase Function Database PFNDAT2006 |
AUG 2006 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Richard C> SHirkey; David H. Tofsted; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM COMPUTATIONAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCE DIRECTORATE
|
| The High Resolution Phase Function Database (PFNDAT) 2006 consists of a series of wavelength dependent phase functions, single scattering albedos, extinction coefficients, and asymmetry parameters for ten naturally occurring and four manmade aerosols along with brief descriptions of the scattering parameters, concentrations, and aerosol size distribution characteristics. The naturally occurring aerosols consist of maritime, urban, rural, tropospheric, fog, rain, snow, and dust aerosols; a wind-lofted desert aerosol; and the Navy ... |
|
| Chemistry and Structure of Sony's Nexelion Li-ion Electrode Materials |
JUN 2006 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
J. Wolfenstine; J. L. Allen; J. Read; D. Foster; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| The composition and structure of Sony Corporation's new 14430 lithium-ion battery electrodes was investigated. It was observed that the anode is a composite consisting of an equal amount on a weight basis of graphite and an amorphous alloy phase. The alloy phase consists mainly of tin and cobalt, with a tin:cobalt ratio of about 1:1. The particle size of the alloy phase is less than 1 micron. For the cathode ... |
|
| Chemical Characterization of the Pyrotechnically Disseminated KM03 Red Phosphorus Floating Smoke Pot |
MAY 2006 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Anthony; Emily A. Davis; Mark V. Haley; David A. McCaskey; Robert L. Kristovich; Charles L. Crouse; Kathy L. Matson; Steven D. Turley; Dennis T. Burton; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The United States Marine Corps Floating Smoke Pot (FSP) MK 7 MOD 0 Program was established to redesign the previously fielded M4A2 Hexachioroethane (HC) Smoke Pot. Although the HC pots were extremely effective as an obscurant, there were safety concerns from a manufacturing and an operational perspective. Red phosphorous (RP) has been widely used in screening applications and was chosen as a replacement for the smoke payload. The smoke payload ... |
|
| Resuspension Physics of Fine Particles |
MAY 2006 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Chang W. Sohn; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| Different release models can yield significantly different dynamic concentration profiles in a room depending on the release rates chosen. Results from two different cases demonstrated significantly different concentration profiles in the room of interest. This work was undertaken to: (1) Critically review the current model, (2) formulate a new, 1st order Algebraic model, and (3) use experimental data to validate the modeled theory. This report documents preliminary work that was ... |
|
| Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seeding |
MAY 2006 |
96 pages |
| Authors:
II DeLapp Charles J.; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH DEPT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS
|
| The purpose of this research effort was to study the use of non-intrusive particle seeding for Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Current seeding material and techniques involve the use of either solid particles or liquid mixtures which can contaminate or damage closed circuit wind tunnels, and in some cases can introduce a potential fire or explosive hazard. The proposed method is based on creating seed particles utilizing Carbon Dioxide (CO2). The ... |
|
| Composites Reinforced with Short Wavy Fibers |
01 MAR 2006 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
C. T. Sun; J. Cho; A. Deo; PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN
|
| In short fiber composites including nanocomposites, the load transfer efficiency among fibers is crucial in effecting superior composite properties. It is conceivable that this load transfer efficiency depends on the shape, aspect ratio, and surface area of the fiber. The effect of surface area of the reinforcing element is of particular importance because of the increasing use of nanoparticles in nanocomposites. It is well known that for the some volume, ... |
|
| Effects of Surface Slope on Erosion Rates of Quartz Particles |
MAR 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Phillip Lodge; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA DEPT OF MECHANICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
|
| Modeling sediment erosion is important in a wide range of environmental problems. The effects of various environmental factors on erosion rates have been studied, but the effects of surface slope on erosion rates of a wide range of sediments have not been quantified. The effects of surface slope, both in the direction of flow (pitch) and perpendicular to the flow (roll), on erosion rates of quartz particles were investigated using ... |
|
| Dynamic Consolidation of TaC and Nano-YSZ Powders (PREPRINT) |
07 FEB 2006 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Lei Xu; Darrell Marchant; Lawrence Matson; B. S. Majumdar; NEW MEXICO INST OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY SOCORRO DEPT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING
|
| The high melting point of TaC (3880 deg C), second amongst all known materials, along with good corrosion resistance makes TaC a potential candidate for Air Force applications. However, traditional methods of manufacturing, such as hot pressing or HIP-ing, give rise to rapid grain growth and low fracture toughness. In this work, we have utilized dynamic consolidation technique to overcome the grain growth problem, and thereby obtain stronger and more ... |
|
| Collaborative Research and Development Delivery Order 0024: Synthesis, Processing, and Evaluation of Polymers for RF Applications |
JAN 2006 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Christy R. Vestal; UNIVERSAL TECHNOLOGY CORP DAYTON OH
|
| This research in support of the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate was conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) from 1 June 2004 through 31 December 2005. RF polymer nanocomposites containing ferrite nanoparticle and core/shell nanoparticles dispersed in polyurethane have been prepared. the permittivity in the X-band was found to increase with increasing nanoparticle volume inclusion and with increasing nanoparticle size. In the CoFeO4/FeO4 core/shell nanoparticle ... |
|
| Factors Influencing Material Removal And Surface Finish Of The Polishing Of Silica Glasses |
2006 |
107 pages |
| Authors:
Alan C. Landis; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHARLOTTE DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The polishing process is ancient form of material processing that has changed little in form over thousands of years. Even with all of the experience that the human race has gained on the subject, the underlying mechanism that promotes polishing still lies in the realm of theory. Of the existing theories available, each falls into one of two broad categories, chemical or mechanical removal mechanisms, or a combination of both. ... |
|
| Electro-Optical Aerosol Phase Function Database PFNDAT2005 |
NOV 2005 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Richard C. Shirkey; David H. Tofsted; ARMY RESEARCH LAB WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM
|
| The Phase Function Database (PFNDAT) 2005 consists of a series of wavelength dependent phase functions, single scattering albedos, extinction coefficients, and asymmetry parameters of ten naturally occurring and four manmade aerosols along with brief descriptions of the scattering parameters, concentrations, and aerosol size distribution characteristics. The naturally occurring aerosols consist of maritime, urban, rural, tropospheric, fog, rain, snow, and dust aerosols; a wind-lofted desert aerosol; and the Navy aerosol model. ... |
|
| The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Particle Study |
NOV 2005 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
P. J. Benton; D. E. Slavin; S. R. Dinardi; D. Burnside; R. Woolrich; HM NAVAL BASE PLYMOUTH (UNITED KINGDOM)
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| Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are recognized as being associated with an increase in respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The submarine atmosphere is a closed environment in which it is known that potential sources of UFPs are present, especially within the engineering spaces. Prior to this study no attempt had been made to determine whether UFPs are also present in the submarine atmosphere. To determine whether UFPs are present in significant ... |
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| A Comparison of the HEFT Subsurface and DELFIC Particle Size Distributions and Effects in HPAC |
19 OCT 2005 |
150 pages |
| Authors:
Eric T. Skaar; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| The Heft subsurface three component lognormal fallout particle size distribution is compared and contrasted with the single lognormal fallout particle size distribution used by the Defense Land Fallout Interpretive Code (DELFIC). Comparison of the two distributions is accomplished with results from the AFIT smear code and the Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability (HPAC). The effect of the distributions is explored in HPAC for varying yield weapons, varying surfaces, precipitation conditions, ... |
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| Study of Cryogenic Plasma in Superfluid Liquid Helium |
23 AUG 2005 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Misoon Y. Mah; Osamu Ishihara; YOKOHAMA NATIONAL UNIV (JAPAN) FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
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| The work describes work on Study of Cryogenic Plasma in Superfluid Liquid Helium (Principal investigator: O. Ishihara, AOARD-04-4018) for the period from June 7, 2004 to August 6, 2005. A preliminary experiment to produce a DC discharge plasma in a vapor of liquid helium started. In addition, a complex plasma with charged fine particles in the cryogenic environment has been also produced successfully. The analytical study on the experimental results ... |
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| Aerosol Characteristics in the Northern Territory of Australia During the Dry Season With an Emphasis on Biomass Burning |
AUG 2005 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
S. B. Carr; J. L. Gras; M. T. Hackett; M. D. Keywood; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION EDINBURGH (AUSTRALIA) INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE RECONN DIV
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| Results are presented on the atmospheric aerosol derived from aircraft measurements in the vicinity of Jabiru in Kakadu National Park during June and September 2003. The focus of the measurements was on the biomass burning aerosol (smoke) which is ubiquitous throughout the Northern Australian dry season (June - October). Data were also obtained on the coarse mode aerosol which is composed mainly of sea salt and soil. A comprehensive characterization ... |
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| Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles for Tumor-Selective Tamoxifen Delivery: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies |
13 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Dinesh B. Shenoy; Jugminder S. Chawla; Mansoor M. Amiji; NORTHEASTERN UNIV BOSTON MA
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| This study was performed to evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo tumor-cellular uptake and biodistribution pattern of tamoxifen when administered intravenously as a simple solution and upon encapsulation into biodegradable, surface-modified poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles. PCL (MW ^ 15,000) nanoparticles were prepared by the solvent displacement method and characterized for particle size/change and surface morphology (by scanning electron microscopy). We investigated the nanoparticle-surface modification potential of the hydrophilic stabilizer (Pluronic Federal Registration ... |
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| Counter-Propagating Optical Trapping System for Size and Refractive Index Measurement of Microparticles |
01 JUN 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A. Flynn; Bing Shao; Mirianas Chachisvilis; Mihrimah Ozkan; Sadik C. Esener; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
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| We propose and demonstrate a novel approach to measure the size and refractive index of microparticles based on two beam optical trapping, where forward scattered light is detected to give information about the particle. The counter-propagating optical trap measurement (COTM) system exploits the capability of optical traps to measure pico-Newton forces for microparticles refractive index and size characterization. Different from the current best technique for microparticles refractive index measurement, refractometry, ... |
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PARTICLE SIZE
