| Bactericidal Efficacy of Sanitizers Produced by Commercial Water Treatment Generators |
Apr-2009 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
CLAIRE LEE; Edmund M Powers; Joshua Magnone; Chad Haering; POWERS (EDMUND M) CO FRAMINGHAM MA
|
 | Five commercial water sanitizer generators were tested, by the U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), for bactericidal efficacy of their sanitizer on stainless steel surfaces. Sanitizers generated were Acid Electrolyzed Water (AEW), hydrogen peroxide, mixed oxidants, and ozone. Manually produced chlorine dioxide was also tested. Surfaces were inoculated with three strain cocktails of S. aureus and E.coli, dried and then immersed in a solution of each ... |
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| Oxidation of Polyethylene: A Comparison of Plasma and Ultraviolet Ozone Processing Techniques |
Jan-2009 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Daphne Pappas; Nicole Zander; Ben Stein; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| Plasma and ultraviolet (UV) ozone treatments were compared as methods to functionalize ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene films in order to make them more compatible with materials or reactive for subsequent surface chemistry. Oxidation states and atomic compositions were determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while surface energy and bond stability were probed with contact angle goniometry. Both modification techniques increased the surface energy of the polymer, and the bonds formed were ... |
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| Optical Measurements of Air Plasma |
05 MAY 2008 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Robert J. Vidmar; NEVADA UNIV BOARD OF REGENTS RENO OFFICE OF SPONSORED RESEARCH
|
| Electron-beam impact ionization of air was studied in the context of optical diagnostics. The electron beam originates in a pulsed 100 keV 20-mA source and propagated through a 1/2 - mil aluminum transmission window into a 400-liter test cell. Plasma production in air was investigated over the pressure range of 636 Torr to 1 mTorr with pulse durations from 1 ms to 10 ms. Microwave diagnostics were used to quantify ... |
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| The Study and Development of Metal Oxide Reactive Adsorbents for the Destruction of Toxic Organic Compounds |
15 APR 2008 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Mark B. Mitchell; CLARK ATLANTA UNIV GA
|
| The achievements realized during the course of this project provide an important alternative method for mitigating the effects of the exposure of personnel and systems to chemical warfare agents and other toxic organic compounds. The research program that was developed built upon earlier results achieved in the room temperature oxidative decomposition of a chemical warfare agent simulant, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), on solid reactive adsorbents and examined ways of improving those ... |
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| Classification of Polar Stratospheric Clouds Using LIDAR Measurements From the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment |
JUN 2007 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Jr. Felton Melvin A.; Thomas A. Kovacs; Ali H. Omar; Chris A. Hostetler; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| Backscatter LIDAR measurements from the stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment (SAGE) III ozone loss and validation experiment (SOLVE) have been used to identify classes of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and their corresponding characteristics. Volume backscatter at 532 nm (Beta532) and 1064 nm (Beta1064), scattering ratio at 532 nm (R532) and 1064 nm (R1064), aerosol depolarization (delta(a)), and color ratio (Beta532/Beta1064), and temperature (T) were used to categorize PSCs via principal ... |
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| AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Semi-Insulating GaN Substrates by MOCVD and MBE |
Jan-2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Umesh Mishra; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA BARBARA DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
|
| Silicon (Si) implantation into AIGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) has been studied in this program as a method to reduce the sharp increase in the dynamic source resistance at increasing current levels that result in a reduction both in the transconductance gm and the current gain cut-off frequency fT. During the program two different approaches have been investigated to decrease the electric field in the source access region. To ... |
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| Oxide Films RF Applications |
JUN 2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Marek Skowronski; P. Salvador; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA OFFICE OF SPONSORED RESEARCH
|
| TiO2 films were grown using a reactive molecular beam epitaxy system equipped with high-temperature effusion cell for Ti and ozone. The growth mode, characterized in-situ by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), as well as the phase assemblage, structural quality, and surface morphology, characterized ex-situ by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy (AFM), depended on the choice of substrate, growth temperature, and ozone flux. Films deposited on (100) surfaces of SrTiO3, ... |
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| Development of Passivation Technology for Improved GaN/AlGaN HEMT Performance and Reliability |
SEP 2005 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
C. R. Abernathy; Angela Hunter-Edwards; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| Under the support of this contract, we have been successful in mitigating the current collapse that is found in nitride based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) that is responsible for low power performance from these devices. We have successfully and repeatedly grown oxide material that, along with surface cleaning recipes, reduce the surface states and reduce the device-device surface leakage. As part of the recipe development we have studied fundamental ... |
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| Technical and Regulatory Guidance for In Situ Chemical Oxidation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater Second Edition |
Jan-2005 |
173 pages |
| Authors:
INTERSTATE TECHNOLOGY AND REGULATORY COUNCIL WASHINGTON DC IN SITU CHEMICAL OXIDATION TEAM
|
| The contamination of groundwater and subsurface soil in the United States is a widespread and challenging problem. There are estimated to be in excess of 200,000 sites requiring some form of remediation, and many of these sites potentially threaten groundwater resources. In areas where the groundwater resources are not considered at risk, there are frequently impediments to the reuse of brownfield sites. In addition, for many subsurface geological settings, conventional ... |
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| Phase III: Laboratory Investigation of Portable Instruments for Submarine Air Monitoring |
20 OCT 2004 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas W. Evans; Julianne M. Werner; Susan L. Rose-Pehrsson; Mark H. Hammond; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Drager tubes are currently used to supplement the atmosphere analysis measurements made aboard U.S. Navy submarines. The submarine fleet has requested that these tubes be replaced with a less labor intensive measurement system. Due to recent developments in gas sensing instrumentation, it is possible to replace many of the existing detectors with instruments that will incorporate more than one sensor at a time. This report is a continuation of an ... |
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| Pathogen Inactivated Plasma Concentrated: Preparation and Uses |
01 SEP 2004 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Howard E. Purdum; CRYOFACETS INC RALEIGH NC
|
| Plasma transfusion is a crucial element of casualty care. Unfortunately, two plasma components sharply limit its use: contaminants and excess water. Contamination arises because plasma must be obtained from human donors, and these donors may be infected with a wide variety of pathogens. If supply lines for military medical units are cut, such units may be forced to collect plasma from a local population suffering from high infection rates of ... |
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| Comparison of Parallel and Serial Resonance Circuits for Generation of Surface Barrier Discharges |
07 APR 2004 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
M. Teschke; D. Korzec; J. Engemann; R. Kennel; WUPPERTAL UNIV (GESAMTHOCHSCHULE) (GERMANY F R)
|
| Two different principles of power supplies for generation of planar dielectric barrier discharges at atmospheric pressure were investigated. The comparison of parallel and serial resonance circuits has been made and the power loss mechanism in both cases has been studied. A power supply based on serial resonant circuit of plasma source has been developed. |
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| Interpretation of the Current Signal Collected from Surface Barrier Discharge Electrodes |
07 APR 2004 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
D. Korzec; E. G. Finantu-Dinu; J. Engemann; WUPPERTAL UNIV (GESAMTHOCHSCHULE) (GERMANY F R)
|
| The current signal measured at the grounded electrode of the surface barrier discharge (SBD) excited in the frequency range 1-10 kHz is typically distorted by electric circuitry oscillations in MHz range. Numerical techniques for extraction of the partial discharge (PD) current signals with duration in ns range are proposed. |
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| Oxidation of Alkyl Ions, CnH2n+1+ (n=1-5) in Reactions with O2 and O3 in the Gas Phase |
24 SEP 2003 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Skip Williams; W. B. Knighton; Anthony J. Midley; A. A. Viggiano; Stephen Irle; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| Rate constants and product ion branching fractions are reported for the reactions of CH3(+), C2H5(+), s-C3H7(+), s-C4H9(+), t-C4H9(+), and t- C3H11(+) with O2 and O3 at 300 K in a variable-temperature selected-ion flow tube (VT-SIFT). The reaction rate constant for CH3(+) with O3 is large and approximately equal to the thermal energy capture rate constant given by the Su- Chesnavich equation. The C2H5+, s-C3H7(+), and s-C4H9(+) ions are somewhat less ... |
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| Biodegradation and Oxidation Approaches for the Demilitarization of VX Hydrolysate |
01 JUL 2003 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph J. Defrank; Mark A. Guelta; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Under U.S. law and the terms of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), the U.S. Army is required to destroy its stockpile of chemical warfare agents (30,000 tons) by April 2007. Public and political opposition to incineration lead to evaluation of several alternative technologies, including biodegradation 1. These alternatives involved an initial chemical neutralization (hydrolysis) reaction that reduces the toxicity of the agents, followed by a secondary treatment that further degrades ... |
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| Interim Proposal for Molecular Beam Studies of Surfactants in Sulfuric Acid Aerosols: Comparisons Between Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Alcohols |
01 MAY 2003 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Gilbert M. Nathanson; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| Heterogeneous reactions of gas phase molecules with aqueous sulfuric acid aerosols play a significant role in the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere. These processes include the acid-catalyzed reactions of HCI and HBr with CIONO2 (BrONO2) and HOCI (HOBr) to generate photoactive halogen molecules, particularly in colder regions of the stratosphere where they are more soluble in the water-rich aerosols. Our objective is to determine the mechanisms and rate-limiting steps ... |
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| Epidemiologic Evidence for Different Roles of Ultraviolet A and B Radiation in Melanoma Mortality Rates |
11 MAR 2003 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Cedric F. Garland; Frank C. Garland; Edward D. Gorham; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| The action spectrum of ultraviolet radiation mainly responsible for melanoma induction is unknown, but evidence suggests it could be ultraviolet A (UVA), which has a different geographic distribution than ultraviolet B (UVB). This study assessed whether melanoma mortality rates are more closely related to the global distribution of UVA or UVB. UVA and UVB radiation and age-adjusted melanoma mortality rates were obtained for all 45 countries reporting cancer data to ... |
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| The Wipe Solvent Program: Delivery Order 0005: Fluids, Lubricants, and Related Materials |
FEB 2003 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Marcie B. Roberts; Lois J. Gschwender; Carl E. Snyder Jr; DAYTON UNIV OH RESEARCH INST
|
| Freon 113 TF(Registered) solvent, 1,1,2 -trichloroethane (Freon 113(Registered)) was widely used to clean equipment. With the banning of many halogenated solvents due to ozone depleting tendencies, users desperately sought substitute environmentally friendly solvents. In many cases, the substitutes did not work as well and had other issues that made them less than ideal. Often, it was difficult to assess various solvents based on the manufacturers' claims. In this work, which ... |
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| Deployable Wastewater Treatment Technology Evaluation |
20 SEP 2002 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Edward N. Coppola; Jeffery Rine; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC PANAMA CITY FL
|
| AFRL/MLQD is expanding the Deployable Waste Disposal System to include bare base wastewater treatment. The goal of AFRL/MLQD is for the deployable wastewater treatment system to be integrated into a waste treatment system that will treat both solid and aqueous waste. The US Army (TARDEC) and the Air Force (AAC/WMO) have been involved in preliminary studies that provide extensive useful background information for this project. These studies show that EC ... |
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| Novel Corrosion Inhibition Methods for Aluminum Surfaces |
07 MAY 2002 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
John T. Yates Jr.; PITTSBURGH UNIV PA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| The non-thermal activation of the oxidation of the Al(111) surface has been investigated. It has been found that compared to thermally grown Al2O3 films of equivalent thickness a factor of 10-30 increase in the resistance of oxide films may be achieved by the use of non-thermal activation methods such as electron bombardment of adsorbed water, electron bombardment of adsorbed O2 and Al2O3 clusters, and by oxidation by O3. |
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| Minimum Performance Requirement for Air Force Flightline Fire Extinguishers: Extinguishing Performance Against 3-Dimensional and Hidden Fires |
MAY 2002 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB TYNDALL AFB FL MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING DIRECTORATE
|
| This report contains requirements for extinguishing fires occurring within an engine nacelle through access ports and to extinguish pooled of flowing fuel tail pipe fires. It provides the test protocol and test apparatus requirements for assessing the capability of fire extinguishers to suppress these two specific aircraft engine fires that frequently occur on the flightline. The current Air Force flightline extinguisher uses Halon 1211, an Ozone Depleting Substance (ODS). Any ... |
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| Characteristics and Identification of Super-Effective Thermal Fire- Extinguishing Agents |
13 JUL 2001 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
William M. Pitts; Jiann C. Yang; Rodney A. Bryant; Linda G. Blevins; Marcia L. Huber; NATIONAL INST OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY GAITHERSBURG MD BUILDING AND FIRE RESEARCH LAB
|
| This report summarizes the findings of a three-year investigation designed to assess the potential for fire-extinguishing agents that act primarily by thermal means to replace the chemically active halons whose production has been banned due to their deleterious effects on stratospheric ozone. The project had four major components: 1) Extensive searches of thermodynamic databases maintained by NIST were carried out to identify% chemical compounds that are predicted to extract large ... |
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| A Risk Assessment Approach for Selecting a Replacement for Halon 1301 Fire Suppressant |
MAR 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Ian A. Burch; Stephen R. Kennett; Lyn E. Fletcher; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION MELBOURNE (AUSTRALIA)
|
 | Halon 1301 has been the primary gaseous fire suppressant for total flooding applications on naval vessels since the mid 1960s. The speed and assurance of extinguishment has made it the popular choice, but other factors also contribute to its suitability as a fire suppressant. These factors include the ease of which the agent is dispersed, the minimal residue after release, its electrical non-conductivity and the minimal risk associated with short-term ... |
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| A Chemically Specific Burning Rate Predictor Model for Energetic Materials |
FEB 2001 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Martin S. Miller; William R. Anderson; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The application of complex networks of elementary chemical reactions to the gas phase of burning energetic materials has increased markedly over the last decade. The exquisite complexity of these gas-phase reaction networks, coupled with available high-rigor treatments of transport, is not matched by an equivalent level of sophistication in descriptions of the condensed-phase and interfacial phenomena. Owing to the vastly more complicated, many-body nature of the condensed phase, this condition ... |
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| Oxidized and Reduced Biogenic Nitrogen Compound Emissions into the Rural Troposphere: Characterization and Modeling |
2001 |
235 pages |
| Authors:
Paul A. Roelle; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| Nitrogen compound emissions are known to have profound effects on air quality. Consequences associated with increased emissions of oxidized and reduced nitrogen species are known to be increased tropospheric ozone production, fine particulate aerosol production, nitrate contamination of drinking water, eutrophication and acidification of soil and water bodies. It is well recognized that soil emissions can contribute a substantial percent of the total inventory for both the oxidized and reduced ... |
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| Technological Needs for European Space Agency's Microwave Limb Sounders |
29 SEP 2000 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
D. Lamarre; J. Langen; C. C. Lin; L. Marchand; P. de Maagt; EUROPEAN SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY CENTRE NOORDWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
|
| Since they present good capabilities for the detection of important trace species for atmospheric chemistry, the European Space Agency (ESA) has, in recent years, investigated a number of limb sounding instrument principles. These feasibility studies have provided baseline concepts which have helped to grasp the main features of these instruments and to identify their critical aspects. A number of scientific and technical activities have then followed, dedicated to specific topics, ... |
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| A Broadband Low Noise Heterodyne Receiver at 2.5 THz |
29 SEP 2000 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
K. Huber; H. Brand; L. P. Schmidt; ERLANGEN-NUERNBERG UNIV (GERMANY) LEHRSTUHL FUR HOCHFREQUENZTECHNIQ
|
| A 2.5 THz low noise heterodyne receiver with an IF bandwidth of about 7 GHz operating at room temperature is presented. Its main component is an open structure Schottky diode mixer with a substrate-ess Schottky diode designed and fabricated at the IHFT Darmstadt. The weak IF-signals are amplified by a noise-matched IF-amplifier in a frequency range from 6 to 13 GHz, covering the emission lines of several important molecules involved ... |
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| An Analysis of Short Term Mesoscale Forecasts in the Los Angeles Basin Using Southern Coast Ozone Study 1997 Data |
SEP 2000 |
112 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher J. Sterbis; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Mesoscale models are important, useful tools for analyzing and forecasting snail-scale atmospheric phenomena. Ideally, finer grid-point resolution should make a model more likely to capture realistic small-scale structure. Because these models work to resolve phenomena that exist on very fine spatial- and time-scales, they are subject to high variability. Accurate initialization of mesoscale models is crucial to skillful short-term forecasting. This study exercises four ... |
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| Energetic Species in Condensed Oxygen/Ozone |
MAY 2000 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A. Copeland; SRI INTERNATIONAL MENLO PARK CA
|
| The main objective of this work is to investigate cryogenic solids containing ozone (O3), oxygen molecules (O2) and oxygen atoms (O) to evaluate their potential as components of an advanced propulsion system. SRI examined reactive processes in involved in the decomposition of these solids with a vision toward creating a material that is less sensitive to unexpected explosion. We constructed an apparatus and proposed to ... |
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| UK Ministry of Defence use of Ozone Depleting Substances - Implications of the New European Council Regulation |
APR 2000 |
|
| Authors:
D. J. Liddy; MINISTRY OF DEFENCE LONDON (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| Most of you will be familiar with the Montreal Protocol, which controls the production of the ozone depleting substances. These have been used extensively in fire protection and refrigeration in military equipment and systems. The implications of the Protocol for the military forces of NATO states were covered in LTSS/44, and the worthy conclusions and recommendations were reported in the opening sessions of the Symposium. I wish to describe, initially, ... |
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| Dynamics of Elementary Termolecular Reactions and Cluster Fragmentation |
27 MAR 2000 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Robert E. Continetti; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA
|
| A central element of this research project was the development of a new type of fast-ion beam spectrometer. The photoelectron-multiple photofragment spectrometer is a second-generation apparatus, and allows some of the first coincidence measurements of both synchronous and asynchronous three-body dissociation process in neutral molecules to be carried out. The ion source of the apparatus is similar to that previously used in our laboratory, and makes ... |
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| Thermal Hyperthermal Collision Dynamics of Atmospheric Species |
01 MAR 2000 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
David Nesbitt; Warren Harper; Sergey Nizkorodov; Bill Chapman; Brad Blackman; JOINT INST FOR LAB ASTROPHYSICS BOULDERCO
|
| Shot-noise limited, direct absorption IR laser methods have been used to study (i) state-to-state reaction dynamics in crossed supersonic jets and (ii) temperature dependent studies of OH + O(3) chemical chain reaction kinetics via flash kinetic spectroscopy. In this first area. state-resolved studies of F + H(2) scattering have been completed from E = 2.4 kcal/mole down to 0.30 kcals/ mole, which by virtue of the high quantum ... |
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| Single Particle Studies of Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry on Aluminum Oxide Particles in a Quadrupole Trap |
MAR 2000 |
89 pages |
| Authors:
A. J. Hunter; D. M. Sonnenfroh; D. B. Oakes; W. T. Rawlins; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This report documents a research program consisting of laboratory and field measurements investigating the atmospheric chemistry and aerosol microphysics of the impacts of rocket motor exhausts on upper atmospheric chemical cycles and ozone. The experimental investigation employs a laboratory quadrupole trap electrodynamic levitation apparatus to study heterogeneous processes on single aluminum oxide particles representative of those exhausted into the atmosphere by solid rocket motors. We ... |
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| Lidar Measurement of Rocket Exhaust Plume Dispersion and Layering in theStratosphere |
16 SEP 1999 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Phan D. Dao; Anthony Dentamaro; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB KIRTLAND AFB NMSPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| The Mobile Lidar Trailer (MLT) measures backscattering returns from solid rocket booster exhaust plumes in the stratosphere. A worst-case assessment of the stratospheric ozone depletion, often associated with the use of Solid Rocket Motors such as the TITAN IV and the Space Shuttle, is provided. The study is based on the measurement of more than 150 layers of plume sampled in the altitudes between 15 and 55 ... |
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| Climatology of Wave Breaking and Mixing in the Northern Hemisphere Summer Stratosphere |
02 JUL 1999 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Richard E. Wagner; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| The cause of large zonal ozone variations observed by POAM II (Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement II) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer stratosphere between 55N-65N and 20-30 km is investigated using the United Kingdom Meteorological Office stratospheric data set with time-mean anomalies removed. This study tests the hypothesis from Hoppel et al. 1999 that breaking of westward- propagating planetary waves in the region of maximum ozone variance (RMV) induces ... |
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| Feasibility of Cleaning PCB Contaminated Surfaces Using Pulsed Corona Discharges |
MAR 1999 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
Richard E. Kirts; NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING SERVICE CENTER PORT HUENEME CA
|
| The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using pulsed corona discharges to destroy organic contaminants on surfaces. Pulsed corona discharge technology uses brief pulses of high voltage to generatestrong oxidizing chemicals such as hydroxyl radical and ozone. These chemical species, in aqueous solution, can mineralize organic contaminants in solution oron the surface of solids. The target organic contaminants for this study were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) found ... |
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| Physical and Chemical Alterations of Ices by Fast Proton Irradiation, Particularly Ozone Synthesis |
07 JAN 1999 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher L. Atteberry; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE
|
| In this thesis, we investigated the interaction of 100 keV protons with thin ice films grown under ultra-high vacuum conditions. We determined irradiation of pure water ice produced an upper limit of 0.04 O2/proton that stayed within the film. Determination of this value came from thermally desorbing the films and measuring the O2 released with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Irradiation of films of solid oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, and ... |
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| Non-Thermal Plasma Techniques for Air Treatment |
1999 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Louis A. Rosocha; LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LAB NM
|
| To prevent toxic substances from entering and spreading through the environment and to meet increasingly stringent regulations, more effective methods of destroying chemical pollutants are being examined. Advanced oxidation processes, historically used for the treatment of recalcitrant water pollutants via hydroxyl radicals (OH), are now being applied to the treatment of gas-phase pollutants using non-thermal plasmas (NTPs). In NTPs, chemical decomposition can also be initiated by ... |
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| Laboratory Studies of the Stratospheric Effects of Rocket Exhaust |
DEC 1998 |
|
| Authors:
M. J. Molina; M. Haider; Y. Mantz; L. Gutzwiller; L. T. Molina; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| The most important chlorine activation reaction that takes place in the stratosphere is the heterogeneous reaction of chlorine nitrate with hydrogen chloride to produce molecular chlorine and nitric acid. The reaction is catalytic, promoted by surfaces that are not themselves affected by the reaction. This process was investigated in the laboratory: the reaction probability was found to have a value of about 0.02 on glass, on laboratory alumina, and on ... |
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| The Effect of Dissolved Ozone on the Corrosion Behavior of Monel 400, Monel K-500, CDA 706, and CDA 715 in Seawater |
29 OCT 1998 |
|
| Authors:
J. H. Stevens; D. J. Duquette; RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST TROY NY DEPT OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING
|
| Ozone is being considered as an alternative to chlorine based biocides for use in marine heat exchange systems. Ozone has several advantages over chlorine based biocides: including stronger oxidizing power, the ability to be produced on site, and degradation to oxygen. Before ozone is used in heat exchange systems it is important to understand its impact on the corrosion behavior of the metals used in these systems. Two separate studies ... |
|
| Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Research Highlights, Sep/Oct 98 |
OCT 1998 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHARLINGTON VA DIRECTORATE OF INFORMATION SCIENCES
|
| New AFOSR-sponsored research shows that exhausts from solid- fueled rocket motors have very limited impact on stratospheric ozone. The research provides the Air Force with hard data to support continued access to space using the existing fleet of rockets and rocket technology. This basic research data allows the Air Force: * to maintain a strongly proactive environmental stance, and * to meet federal guidelines regarding environmental ... |
|
| Infrared Emissions Modeling. Part 1 |
SEP 1998 |
244 pages |
| Authors:
B. D. Green; W. T. Rawlins; L. G. Piper; G. E. Caledonia; M. E. Fraser; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This report summarizes a multi-year program to analyze upper atmospheric radiance data to deduce product distributions, extract the operative kinetic mechanisms, and quantitatively determine local conditions in the emission volume. Spectral and kinetic models were used to analyze emissions from several molecules including NO, NO+, ozone, and excited nitrogen. Radiances rom the mesosphere both under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions were analyzed. The radiance changes produced by ... |
|
| Infrared Emissions Modeling. Part 2 |
SEP 1998 |
207 pages |
| Authors:
B. D. Green; W. T. Rawlins; L. G. Piper; G. E. Caledonia; M. E. Fraser; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This report summarizes a multi-year program to analyze upper atmospheric radiance data to deduce product distributions, extract the operative kinetic mechanisms, and quantitatively determine local conditions in the emission volume. Spectral and kinetic models were used to analyze emissions from several molecules including NO, NO +, ozone, and excited nitrogen. Radiances rom the mesosphere both under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions were analyzed. The radiance changes produced by ... |
|
| Utilizing A One-Atmosphere Uniform Discharge Plasma for Bio/Chem Agent Sterilization/Decon |
14 AUG 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Malcolm R. McLean; INTERNATIONAL ECOSCIENCE INC HUNTINGTONBEACH CA
|
| Initial experimental results demonstrated that the One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP) will cause structural changes in simulants for chemical agents. Phase I results established "proof of concept", that is, that the active species generated by the OAUGDP will react with and cause structural changes in chemical agent simulants. This was demonstrated using the simulant methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen). Gas chromatography/ mass ... |
|
| Factors Affecting the Relative Success of EPA's NOx CAP-and-Trade Program |
JUN 1998 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed a rule that requires 22 eastern states and the District of Columbia to reduce their emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), the principal component of smog. The aim of that rule--sometimes referred to as the Ozone Transport Rule-is to help areas meet the Clean Air Act's National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ground-level ozone in a cost-effective way. Wind patterns frequently carry ozone and ... |
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| Demonstration of Ozone Treatment for Cooling Towers at Thayer Hall, U.S. Military Academy at West Point, NY |
MAR 1998 |
|
| Authors:
Vincent F. Hock; Robert Hess; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| This report covers the evaluation of ozone as a stand-alone treatment in a new cooling tower system that has been in operation for two cooling seasons (summer only) at the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY. This report reviews the monitoring of the system as to the performance of ozone, only during the second season of operation, mid-June through mid-October 1993. Data was collected relative to the system water chemistry, ... |
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| A Pilot-Scale Assessment of Peroxone Oxidation for Potential Treatment of Three Contaminated Groundwaters at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Commerce City, Colorado |
MAR 98 |
89 pages |
| Authors:
Mark E. Zappi; Elizabeth C. Fleming; Todd Miller; Fred Ragan; Randy Swindle; DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF DEFENSE RESEARCH ANDENGINEERING ARLINGTON VA STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
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| Peroxone technology is based on the combination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ozone (O3) for the generation of the hydroxyl radical (OH-), which is a powerful reactive species in water, to further oxidize the organic contaminants. The main objective of this study was to determine the technical feasibility of using a peroxone system for treatment of contaminated groundwaters at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA). Past military and industrial activities at ... |
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| Cryogenic Oxidizers: Solid Oxygen and Ozone-Doped Solid Oxygen |
24 FEB 1998 |
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| Authors:
Michelle E. DeRose; Jessica Harper; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE WEST
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| VOC Capture by Organophilic Pillared Montmorillonites |
14 FEB 1998 |
63 pages |
| Authors:
Bret H. Howard; NOXSO CORP BETHEL PARK PA
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| Volatile organic compounds VOCs are used widely in industrial applications. Release of VOCs into the atmosphere has resulted in detrimental environmental effects, including elevated ozone levels in the troposphere. The objective of this project was to investigate organophilic pillared montmorillonites OPMs as sorbents for VOC control. Other sorbents were also examined, including activated chars. In most determinations, MEK was used to test the ... |
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| Peroxone Groundwater Treatment Demonstration |
02 FEB 98 |
205 pages |
| Authors:
Issam N. Najm; Vivek Agrawal; TRW INC REDONDO BEACH CA
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| A field-scale plant for the treatment of explosives contaminated groundwater was designed and constructed at the Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant (CAAP) near Grand Island, Nebraska. The target compounds were trinitrotoluene (TNT), trinitrobenzene (TNB), (N)-trinitro-1, 3 5%triazacyclohexane (RDX) and other nitrobodies. The process chosen was oxidation with a combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide (Peroxone). The plant was capable of treating 25 gal-min' with a dose ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
OZONE
