| Augmentation of a Novel Enzyme/Pro-Drug Gene Therapy "Distant Bystander Effect" to Target Prostate Cancer Metastasis |
SEP 2005 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Bing Zhang; Pamela J. Russell; NEW SOUTH WALES UNIV SYDNEY (AUSTRALIA)
|
 | Prostate cancer is now the second highest cause of cancer death in men in Western society. New treatments are needed for late stage disease that has become refractory to hormone removal. We are using gene therapy, alone and in combination with hormones called cytokines that stimulate the immune system. The concept is that delivering a cell-killing agent to an accessible organ, coupled with help from the immune system can promote ... |
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| Interaction Between a Novel p21 Activated Kinase (PAK6) and Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer |
FEB 2005 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Zijie Sun; STANFORD UNIV CA
|
| The effects of androgens are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), which plays a critical role in inducing normal differentiation of tissues of the reproductive organs and in the development and progression of prostate cancer. The cell cycle signaling regulated by the mitogen activated protein/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) have been linked to tumor development and progression. The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are members of Rac/Cdc42-associated Ste20-like ser/thr protein kinases. Previous studies have ... |
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| In-Vivo Imaging Of Transplanted Human Hepatic Stem Cells: Negative Contrast Labeling And 7t Micro-MRI Tracking |
DEC 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Randall E. McClelland; Eliane Wauthier; Lola Reid; Edward Hsu; NORTH CAROLINA UNIV AT CHAPEL HILL SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Stem cell therapies have great potential as alternative options to whole organ transplantations in treating dysfunction or failure, and alleviating the chronic shortage of donor availability of organs such as the liver. In these therapies, adherent stem cells are transplanted to replace and repopulate diseased tissues, hence allowing the failing organs to regain their functional effectiveness. Given that clinical trials are ongoing or are about to occur with many different ... |
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| Low-Level Inhalation Exposure to Chemical Nerve Agent Vapor Induces Expression of Neuronal Apoptosis and Regeneration Genes |
16 NOV 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
J. W. Sekowski; M. A. Orehek; J. Bucher; M. Vahey; M. Nau; M. s. Horsmon; D. Menking; C. Whalley; B. Benton; R. Mioduszewski; S. Thomas; J. J. Valdes; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| For over a decade following end of the first Gulf War in 1991, there has been increasing concern to understand the immediate and persistent effects of sub-acute and low-level exposures to chemical warfare agents. Although low-level exposures may not cause obvious pathology at the time of exposure, they may cause molecular-level toxic injuries in the brain and other vital organ systems. The work described in this manuscript was designed to ... |
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| Enabling Technologies for Advanced Soft Tissue Modeling |
SEP 2004 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Steven L. Dawson; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Soft tissue properties represent a major and significant unknown in the domain of medical modeling and simulation. This program presents a 4-year research effort in defining tissue characteristics of three distinct organs (liver, spleen, and kidney) in vivo. Over the course of this program, we will use novel methods of tissue interrogation to characterize non-linear behavior during slow deformations, as would commonly be seen during surgical manipulations. We will then ... |
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| The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials |
21 MAY 2004 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Eric A. Elster; Douglas A. Hale; Roslyn B. Mannon; Linda C. Cendales; S. J. Swanson; Allan D. Kirk; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Organ transplantation has become a standard life-saving therapy for many causes of end stage organ failure. Although valuable, it remains hampered by the requirement for, and complications of, immunosuppression to prevent immune rejection of the transplanted organ. It is now clear that rejection can be avoided in some experimental systems without a requirement of immunosuppressive medication, and these experimental concepts are now making their way into the clinic in the ... |
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| Periscopic Spine Surgery: Anatomical Motion Tracking During Radiation Treatment |
FEB 2003 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin Cleary; GEORGETOWN UNIV WASHINGTON DC
|
| This project is aimed at improving the state of the art of image- guided and minimally invasive procedures by developing a new generation of clinical techniques along with the computer-based hardware and software needed for their implementation. Key research accomplishments for this year are: * Completed the first 20 patients in an FDA approved clinical trial of a joystick controlled robot for nerve and facet blocks in the spine under ... |
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| Vestibular Stimuli May Degrade Situation Awareness Even When Spatial Disorientation is not Experienced |
FEB 2003 |
|
| Authors:
Ben D. Lawson; Sara A. Smith; Steve J. Kass; Robert S. Kennedy; Eric R. Muth; RSK ASSESSMENTS INC ORLANDO FL
|
 | Spatial disorientation (SD) is an important contribution to aviation mishaps. Misleading acceleration stimuli during flight are one of the main causes of SD. SD is associated with a loss of situation awareness (LSA) and the commission of dangerous errors, yet little is known concerning the specific interactions among SD, LSA, and human error. While SD is likely to be an important contribution to LSA and human error, the interaction is ... |
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| Enabling Technologies for Advanced Soft Tissue Modeling |
SEP 2002 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Steven L. Dawson; Robert Howe; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Soft tissue properties represent a major and significant unknown in the domain of medical modeling and simulation. This program presents a 4 year research effort in defining tissue characteristics of three distinct organs - liver, spleen, and kidney- in vivo. Over the course of this program, we will use novel methods of tissue interrogation to characterize non-linear behavior during slow deformations, as would commonly be seen during surgical manipulations. We ... |
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| Breast Cancer Prevention by a Fatty Acid Binding Protein MRG-Induced Pregnancy Like Mammary Gland Differentiation |
AUG 2002 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mingsheng Wang; Y. E. Shi; LONG ISLAND JEWISH MEDICAL CENTER LAKE SUCCESS NY
|
| A mammary derived growth inhibitor related gene (MRG) was previously identified and characterized. MRG induces differentiation of mammary epithelial cells in vitro and its expression is associated with mammary differentiation. Overexpression of MRG in human breast cancer cells induced differentiation with changes in cellular morphology and a significant increase in the production of lipid droplets. Treatment of mouse mammary gland in organ culture with MRG protein resulted in a differentiated ... |
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| Contribution of the Receptor/Ligand Interaction Between CD44 and Osteopontin to Formation of Breast Cancer Metastases |
JUL 2002 |
161 pages |
| Authors:
Georg F. Weber; TUFTS-NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER BOSTONMA
|
| Cancer is characterized by dysregulated growth control, overcoming of cellular aging, and metastasis formation. The latter distinguishes malignant tumors from benign tumors and is mediated by groups of molecules called homing receptors, cytokines, and proteinases. Expression of these molecules on tumor cells determines when and where particular types of cancer spread. The physiologic role of the relevant receptors, cytokines, and proteases in the healthy, cancer-free organism has been incompletely understood. ... |
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| Development and Characterization of Transgenic Mice with Mammary Gland Specific Expression of the Tumor Suppressor |
JUL 2002 |
77 pages |
| Authors:
Muling Mao; Bruce D. Cuevas; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| The MMAC1/PTEN/TEP1 phosphatase tumor suppressor gene contributes to the initiation and progression of breast cancer as indicated by being the cause of the Cowden's breast cancer predisposition syndrome, being mutated in a subset of breast cancers, particularly advanced breast cancer and by being decreased in breast cancers by epigenetic mechanism. Recent evidence suggests that decreased PTEN levels or function rather than complete deletion may contribute to cancer development Our preliminary ... |
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| Effects of Hypothermia on Rat Reticuloendothelial Blood Clearance and Particulate Uptake |
MAR 2002 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
David A. DuBose; Candace B. Matthew; David H. Morehuse; James A. Balcius; Ingrid V. Sils; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| Casualties resulting from the French and German incursions into Russia during the winters of the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively exemplify cold weather as a strategic element of war. From Valley Forge to the Chosin Reservoir, the U.S. Army has been made aware of the influence of cold weather conditions on soldier health. In times of relative peace, cold weather injuries for troops under training or deployment exceeded 500 cases ... |
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| Preclinical Evaluation of Tolerance Induction Protocols and Islet Transplantation in Non-Human Primates |
01 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Sean P. Montgomery; Douglas A. Hale; Boaz Hirshberg; David M. Harlan; Allan D. Kirk; NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH BETHESDA MD
|
| Clinical solid organ transplantation has advanced tremendously over the past two decades. One-year graft survival exceeds 95%, 90% and 80% for kidney, liver and heart grafts, respectively . This improvement has been fueled predominantly by the expanding repertoire of progressively more potent immunosuppressive agents at our disposal. Unfortunately, modern therapies remain imperfect. Despite excellent short-term graft survival rates and low rates of acute rejection attained routinely today, there is an ... |
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| Two Different Epidural Analgesic Combinations: Morphine vs. Fentanyl/ Bupivacaine or Fentanyl/Ropivacaine and Their Post Operative Effects |
OCT 2001 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Tori E. Pearce; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
|
| Postoperative pain can effect almost every organ function and may adversely influence postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study's purpose was to compare one institutions postoperative epidural opioid/local anesthetic protocol, currently fentanyl with bupivacaine or ropivacaine and compare it to the previously used morphine. Pain control efficacy and incidence of side effects were compared using a retrospective chart audit. The sample was obtained from the inpatient records of a 155-bed medical ... |
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| The Role of Myoepithelial Maspin in Breast Carcinoma Progression Diagnosis and Screening |
AUG 2001 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Sanford H. Barsky; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES
|
| In many glandular organs, a precancerous state is thought to exist which precedes the development of frankly invasive carcinoma. In the breast this state is recognized as DCIS and consists of a proliferation of epithelial luminal cells confined by myoepithelial cells within the ductal system (1-7). CGH and LOM studies have failed to demonstrate a difference between DCIS and invasive breast carcinoma. Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that paracrine regulation ... |
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| The HLA Dictionary 2001: A Summary of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1/3/4/5, -DQB1 Alleles and Their Association with Serologically Defined HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR and -DQ Antigens |
AUG 2001 |
|
| Authors:
G. M. Schreuder; C. K. Hurley; S. G. Marsh; M. Lau; M. Maiers; NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH BETHESDA MD
|
| This report presents the serologic equivalents of 123 HLA-A 272 HLA-B and 155 HLA-DRBl alleles. The equivalents cover over 64% of the presently identified HLA-A -B and -DRBl alleles. The dictionary is an update of the one published in 1999 and also includes equivalents for HLA-C DRB3 DRB4 DFB5 and DQB 1 alleles. The data summarize information obtained by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System the ... |
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| Disruption of Gas Exchange Following Exposure to the Chemical Threat Agent Phosgene: Implications for Human Performance |
AUG 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Alfred M. Sciuto; Theodore S. Moran; Arnit Narula; Jeffry A. Forster; James A. Romano Jr.; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The use of chemical warfare agents, such as the pulmonary irritant gas phosgene (CO), is a real and constant threat not only from belligerent nations, but from terrorist groups as well. CO is both easy and inexpensive to produce and as such is a potential candidate for use as a threat agent. Phosgene attacks the deep lung following inhalation and can severely compromise pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange, rendering the ... |
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| Decision-Making Regarding Prophylactic Mastectomy and Oophorectomy in Ashkenazi Jewish Women Seeking Genetic Testing for BRCA1/BRCA2 Mutations |
JUL 2001 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
Karen Hurley; William Redd; MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEW YORK
|
| Among women of Ashkenazi Jewish (Eastern European) descent, carriers of one of the three most common BRACA1/2 mutations have a 40-73% chance of breast cancer by the age of 70 and a 6-28% chance of ovarian cancer. Few options exist for primary prevention of these cancers other than prophylactic surgery, or surgical removal of noncancerous organs in order to prevent occurrence of the disease. The primary aim of the study ... |
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| The Role of Maspin in Prostate Tumorigenesis and Development |
FEB 2001 |
|
| Authors:
Ming Zhang; BAYLOR COLL OF MEDICINE HOUSTON TX
|
| The object of this proposal is to understand the tumor suppressor function of maspin in prostate, and to explore maspin's role in normal prostate development. Maspin knockout mouse model will be employed to study the effects of loss of maspin function on mouse prostate tumorigenesis and development. We hypothesize that the presence of maspin (by stable transfection or by adenovirus mediated maspin gene delivery) will prevent or delay prostatic tumorigenesis ... |
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| Apoptosis and Tumor Invasion in Breast Cancer |
AUG 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Martin Tenniswood; NOTRE DAME UNIV IN
|
| Selective Estrogen Response Modifiers (SERMs) are a group of drugs that are currently being developed to kill breast cancer cells without inducing unwanted side effects, such as endometrial cancer. Several of the well established SERMs (such as tamoxifen) have been used clinically to treat patients with disseminated breast cancer, and more recently as a chemoprevention strategy in woman at high risk for breast cancer. We have looked at the mechanism ... |
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| Analysis of Metastasis in Transgenic Mice |
JUN 2000 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey Segall; ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL OF MEDICINE BRONX NY
|
| The goal of this project is to analyze the metastasis of mammary tumors in transgenic mice. This will make use of fluorescently labeled tumor cells to allow in vivo visualization of the tumor cells in the primary tumor as well as in target organs. For the first year of this project we have generated 3 transgenic lines carrying the MMTV-GFP expression construct. We have evaluated GFP ... |
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| Triterpenoids and Prevention of Prostate Cancer |
OCT 1999 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Michael B. Sporn; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
|
| This entire project is based on the hypothesis that we can design and develop new synthetic triterpenoids that would eventually be useful for chemoprevention of prostate cancer. With the known importance of oxidative stress and the known involvement of the enzymes, inducible cyclooxygenase (COX- 2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in the process of carcinogenesis in several other organs, and our own preliminary findings that ... |
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| Transition of a Combined Toxic Gas Lethality Model to an Injury Model |
JUN 1997 |
|
| Authors:
James H. Stuhmiller; JAYCOR SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Acute exposure to toxic gases under militarily relevant conditions differs dramatically from the long-term, low-dose exposure conditions for which most toxic gas injury criteria have been developed. Not surprisingly, attempts to use these equations to evaluate multiple gas injuries for military application have been unsatisfactory. To address these shortcomings, a more comprehensive and integrated model describing the relevant physiological and chemical processes must be used to determine the military exposure ... |
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| Chronic Organophosphorus Exposure and Cognition |
MAY 1997 |
|
| Authors:
Jerry J. Buccafusco; MEDICAL COLL OF GEORGIA AUGUSTA RESEARCH INST
|
| Protracted exposure to low levels of organophosphorus (OP) compounds impairs acetylcholine degradation by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and, in humans, may produce lasting neurotoxicity affecting cognitive function. The present studies examined the ability of such exposure to impair performance of novel or well-learned cognitive-related tasks in rats. Withdrawal from the chronic exposure to a low-dose regimen of diisopropyl- fluorophosphate (DFP, 0.25 mg day/14 days) impaired novel navigational ... |
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| Bioluminescence and Symbiosis |
MAY 97 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Edward G. Ruby; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES OFFICE OF CONTRACTS AND GRANTS ADMINISTRATION
|
| The objectives of this research are: (1) examine symbiotic competitive dominance in genetically distinct Vibrio Fischeri; (2) identify nonculturable but viable and symbiotically active V. Fischeri cells in seawater; (3) develop molecular genetic tools and approaches in symbiotic strains of V. Fischeri; (4) identify the 'microecological' characteristics of the environment of the symbiotic squid light organ crypts using defined mutant strains V. Fischeri; and, (5) determine the identity of symbiotic ... |
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| Skeletal Muscle Ischemia and Heat Shock Proteins |
04 AUG 95 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Wolfgang H. Dillmann; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA
|
| This research effort is directed at subobjective 2 as defined in the recent shock trauma mediators review memo from the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research. Specifically, we aimed at the prevention of secondary damage after hemorrhage by temporizing fundamental physiological or biochemical processes leading to cell death and organ failure. For this purpose, increased expression of the inducible heat shock 70 (hsp70I) will be employed. Hsp7OI works as a ... |
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| Stochastic Models for Cell Signaling and Toxic Effects on Cells |
DEC 94 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
D. P. Gaver; P. A. Jacobs; R. L. Carpenter; T. K. Narayanan; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This paper presents generic models for the effect of a chemical toxin on cells forming the tissue of an organ. The models are illustrative, not specific to organ or toxin. Interactive response of within-tissue toxin and cells is modeled: cell capability to modify (metabolize or bind) toxin is represented, as is the alteration of that capability by toxin presence. Both processes are represented in the context of simple versions of ... |
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| Subchronic Toxicity Studies on l,3,5-Trinitrobenzene, 1,3- Dinitrobenzene, and Tetryl in Rats |
01 SEP 94 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
Tirumuru V. Reddy; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CINCINNATI OH ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SU PPORT LAB
|
| Toxic effects of 1 ,3-Dinitrobenzene (1 ,3.DNB) in male and female F344 rats were evaluated by feeding powdered certified laboratory chow diet supplemented with varied concentrations of 1,3-DNB (0, 2.5, 10, 25, 75 and 150 mg/kg diet) for fourteen days. The average daily 1 ,3-DNB doses consumed were 0.21, 0.87, 2.02, 6.28 and 11.82 mg/kg b.w. for females and 0.21, 0.80, 1.98, 5. 77 and 10.56 for males. Food consumption ... |
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| Subchronic Toxicity Studies on 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene, 1,3- Dinitrobenzene, and Tetryl in Rats. Subchronic Toxicity Evaluation of N-Methyl- N, 2,4,6-Tetranitroaniline (Tetryl) in Fischer 344 Rats |
01 SEP 94 |
157 pages |
| Authors:
Tirumuru V. Reddy; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CINCINNATI OH ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SU PPORT LAB
|
| Subchronic toxic effects of N-Methyl-N, 2,4,6-Tetranitroaniline (tetryl) in male and female Fisher 344 rats were evaluated by feeding powdered certified laboratory chow supplemented with varied concentrations of tetryl (0, 200, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg diet) for ninety days. There were no clinical signs of toxicity or early deaths. Food intake was reduced in both sexes at all dose levels throughout the study and resulted in a significant decrease in terminal ... |
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| Subchronic Toxicity Studies on l,3,5-Trinitrobenzene, 1,3-Dinitrobenzene and Tetryl in Rats |
01 SEP 94 |
139 pages |
| Authors:
Tirumuru V. Reddy; F. B. Daniel; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CINCINNATI OH ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM S LAB
|
| Toxic effects of 1 ,3-Dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB) in male and female F344 rats were evaluated by feeding powdered certified laboratory chow diet supplemented with varied concentrations of 1,3-DNB (0, 2.5, 10, 25, 75 and 150 mg/kg diet) for fourteen days. The average daily 1 ,3-DNB doses consumed were 0.21, 0.87, 2.02, 6.28 and 11.82 mg/kg b.w. for females and 0.21, 0.80, 1.98, 5. 77 and 10.56 for males. Food consumption was ... |
|
| Computer Graphics Research Laboratory Quarterly Progress Report Number, July-September 1993 |
NOV 93 |
82 pages |
| Authors:
Norman I. Badler; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA DEPT OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
|
| This Quarterly Report includes descriptions of various projects underway in the Computer Graphics Research Lab during July through September 1993. |
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| Thermal Radiation from Marine Fire Boundaries: Evaluation and Analysis of A-60, A-30, A-15, and A-0 Bulkhead Assemblies |
APR 93 |
132 pages |
| Authors:
LeMoyne Boyer; WYMAN-GORDON CO WORCESTER MA
|
| This report presents the results of fire evaluation and analysis of several types of Class A insulated bulkheads, otherwise referred to as marine fire boundaries. The primary objective of this work was to determine the levels of thermal radiation and surface temperatures from the unexposed face of several assemblies, which barely meet the requirements for that classification. Of secondary importance was the determination of the amount of insulation necessary to ... |
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| Antidotes for Ricin Intoxication |
21 OCT 91 |
|
| Authors:
Casey Robinson; Victoria J. Christiansen; Chia-Hsuh Hsu; Lin Zhang; OKLAHOMA UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER OKLAHOMA CITY
|
| The i.v. 48 hour (and 7 day) LD sub 50 of ricin in male New Zealand White rabbits has been determined by the Up and Down procedure as 0.54 ug/kg, the minimal lethal dose as 0.44 ug/kg and a sub-lethal toxic dose as 0.22 ug/kg. Both 0.22 ug/kg and 0.44 ug/kg lowered blood pressure after at least a 12 hour lag period, but only 0.44 ug/kg did so significantly (p ... |
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| Regulation of lux Genes in Vibrio fischeri: Control of a Symbiosis- Related Gene Expression System in a Marine Bacterium |
17 SEP 91 |
|
| Authors:
Everett P. Greenberg; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY
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| The lux genes of Vibrio fischeri encode the ability of this marine bacterium to produce light. V. fischeri occurs at high density in specialized light-emitting organs of certain marine fish, where the light produced is used by the fish. V. fischeri is also found in seawater, where it exists as a member of the bacterioplankton. In the planktonic habitat light-production is not useful and in fact V. fischeri possesses a ... |
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| Primary Blast Injuries in the Open and in Foxholes Resulting from Nuclear Type Detonations |
JUL 91 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Donald R. Richmond; Edward G. Damon; TECHNICO SOUTHWEST INC LOS ALAMOS NM
|
| The nature of primary blast injuries that affect the gas containing organs in the body are described and illustrated in this report. A history of blast-injury research that includes descriptions of the proposed damage mechanisms, cause of death and clinical manifestations is also presented. Estimates of the incident blast levels required to produce lung and GI tract injuries in man are based on the results of tests with animals. There ... |
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| Immunology and Pathology of Arenavirus Infections |
31 JAN 91 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Norbert Herzog; TEXAS UNIV MEDICAL BRANCH AT GALVESTON
|
| Pichinde Virus (PV) is a new world arenavirus which is the basis of a guinea pig model for human Lassa Fever. We have investigated macrophage and T lymphocyte functions to gain insight into immunity and pathogenesis in this model. Macrophages explanted from a variety of organ sources from PV infection strain 13 guinea pigs harbored infectious virus. The proportion of infected macrophages increased from 0.1% at day 6 post-inoculation to ... |
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| Field Management of Accidental Hypothermia during Diving |
JAN 90 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Sterba; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| Hypothermia of both the extremities and the body core continues to be a major problem in cold water diving. Presently, extremity hypothermia of the hands limits cold water diving exposure more so than body core hypothermia. Painful or numb fingers decrease dexterity, safety, work capacity, and increase the risk of developing nonfreezing cold injury (NFCI), which is reviewed. Levels of body core hypothermia, based on rectal core temperature, are mild ... |
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| Biodisposition of Organophosphates in Guinea Pigs and Mice after Intramuscular, Intravenous and Inhalation Exposure |
29 SEP 89 |
|
| Authors:
Billy R. Martin; MEDICAL COLL OF VIRGINIA RICHMOND DEPT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
|
| Guinea pigs were exposed to volatilized soman in a unique apparatus designed to allow inhalation of small quantities of material with negligible percutaneous absorption. Following dosing, guinea pigs were sacrificed and various tissues and organs were dissected. Soman and metabolites were extracted, and concentrations reported separately for blood, brain, diaphragm, heart, kidney, liver, lung, testicular fat, trachea, and residues in carcass, feces and urine for animals placed in metabolic chambers. ... |
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| The Relationship of Stress and Susceptibility to Infections in the Skin |
30 APR 89 |
|
| Authors:
Vera B. Morhenn; STANFORD MEDICAL CENTER CA DEPT OF DERMATOLOGY
|
| The skin is an organ which not only provides a cover for the body but also has an immunologic function. This project sought to determine whether stress plays a role in the susceptibility to infections. To do this we developed a method of isolating mRNA from keratinocytes grown in defined medium and from Langerhans cells (LC) maintained in serum containing medium, We have shown that keratinocytes demonstrate relatively large amounts ... |
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| Sulfur Mustard (SM) Lesions in Organ-Cultured Human Skin: Markers of Injury and Inflammatory Mediators |
01 MAR 89 |
|
| Authors:
Arthur M. Dannenberg Jr; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
|
| In this research program, we are: (a) developing in vitro human skin model with which to assess the amount of injury produced by topically applied sulfur mustard (SM), and (b) identifying markers of cell death and early mediators of the inflammatory response produced by SM in human skin. This second Annual Report will cover our progress since our first Annual Report, i.e., from February 17, 1988 to February 16, 1989. ... |
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| Synthesis of Improved Antileishmanial and Antitrypanosomal Drugs Treatment and Prophylaxis |
MAR 89 |
|
| Authors:
A. Markovac; D. J. Dagli; A. B. Ash; C. L. Stevens; ASH STEVENS INC DETROIT MI
|
| During the current reporting period this program was directed at the preparation of improved antileishmanial drugs based on the identification of two metabolites of the highly-active antileishmanial drug 8-(6- diethylaminohexylamino)-6-methoxy-4-methlquinoline, WR 6026. Ten compounds were synthesized and limited test data against visceral leishmaniasis in the hamster is reported. The first metabolite was the 4-hydroxymethyl derivative of WR 6026. The second metabolite was the 8-(6-ethylaminohexyl)amino derivative of WR 6026. Ten analogs ... |
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| Testing of Experimental Compounds for Efficacy against Leishmania |
28 FEB 89 |
|
| Authors:
William L. Hanson; Virginia B. Waits; Willie L. Chapman Jr; GEORGIA UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC ATHENS
|
| A total of 683 compounds of diverse chemical classes including inosine analogs and analogs of WR06026 were studied in the primary visceral test system for suppressive activity against Leishmania donovani in golden hamsters. A total of 16 of these were active. The 8-aminoquinolines were the most potent of the active compounds but all but one was toxic to the host. The active compounds included some inosine analogs and some analogs ... |
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| Energy Failure of Vital Organs in Hypovolemia and Sepsis: Prevention by PGBx |
30 NOV 88 |
|
| Authors:
Leena Mela-Riker; OREGON HEALTH SCIENCES UNIV PORTLAND
|
| The objective was to determine the efficacy of a prostaglandin B1 oligomer 16,16-dimethyl-15-dehydro-PGB1, (PGB1)3 in preventing cellular acute injury and energy failure after tissue ischemia or chronic sepsis. An additional goal was to characterize the mechanisms of the drug's protective effects, whenever possible. On the basis of our data we conclude that (PGB1)3 can be effective in preventing cellular re-perfusion injury, as quantitated by measurements of mitochondrial function, but only ... |
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| Leadership Change in North Korean Politics: The Succession to Kim Il Sung |
OCT 88 |
|
| Authors:
Kong D. Oh; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
| This report examines the prospects of the political leadership of North Korea passing from Supreme Leader Kim II Sung to his son Kim Jong II. The North Korean regime has carefully arranged the succession in order to preserve the Kim II system and his chuch'e (self-reliance) ideology. But hereditary succession is such an unusual and inappropriate way to transmit leadership in a socialist country that there are questions as to ... |
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| Mechanisms of Action and Pharmacokinetics of Physostigmine in Relation to Acute Intoxication by Organofluorophosphates |
JUL 88 |
|
| Authors:
Satu Somani; O. U. Scremin; A. M. Scremin; Mark Hannant; Eileen Hurley; SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV SCHOOL OF MEDICINE SPRINGFIELD DEPT OF PHARMACOLOGY
|
| This report deals with several independent studies. The distribution of radioactivity (RA) in different organs after oral administration of physostigmine (Phy) showed that the RA was maximum in liver followed by kidney and lung, whereas the percentage of the administered dose in terms of RA was maximum in muscle, followed by liver, after i.v. administration. Phy and its metabolites appear to penetrate brain cell membranes and concentrate in intracellular organelles. ... |
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| A Carcinogenicity Bioassay of Isobutyl 2-Cyanoacrylate (IBC) in Fischer- 344 Rats -- One-Year Interim Sacrifice Report. Volume 2. Part 2 |
MAR 88 |
|
| Authors:
Larry D. Brown; Catherine D. Smith; Lance O. Lollini; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| This report covers the results from the first year of a two-year carcinogenicity bioassay of the tissue adhesive, isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (IBC). Four hundred seven 6-week old Fischer-344 rats were randomized into three groups (control, 10 microliter IBC, and 100 microliter IBC), each group containing both mail and female animals. The IBC was administered by surgical implantation of liquid monomer directly onto the ventral capsule of the liver. The monomer was ... |
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| Testing of Experimental Compounds for Efficacy against Leishmania |
FEB 88 |
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| Authors:
William L. Hanson; Virginia B. Waits; Willie L. Chapman Jr; GEORGIA UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC ATHENS
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| A total of 309 new compounds of diverse chemical classes consisting of compounds with activity against other parasites, activity against viruses, or having chemical structures suggestive of being antimetabolites were studied in the primary visceral test system for suppressive activity against Leishmania donovani in golden hamsters. Seven of these were active. In comparison to the activity of the reference compound, Glucantime, one-half of these had activity approximately equal to Glucantime ... |
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| Comparison of Bicyclophosphate Binding to the Putative Chloride Channels in Rat Brain and Torpedo Electric Organ |
JAN 88 |
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| Authors:
Roy G. Thompson; Darrel E. Menking; Vicki L. Wolff; Mia A. Paterno; James W. King; CHEMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Trioxabicyclooctanes of the structure X-P (OCH2)3C-Y represent a class of potent convulsants that are believed to antagonize GABA neurotransmission by blocking the conductance of anions through the C1-channel. We compare the relative potency and C1 - channel binding specificity of several bicyclophosphate derivatives in membrane preparations derived from the Torpedo electric organ and rat brain. Membranes were labeled with 35S-t- butylbicyclophosphorothionate (35S-TBPS), and the concentration of each test compound required ... |
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| Human Performance and Acute Hypoxia. Chapter 12 |
NOV 87 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Charles S. Fulco; Allen Cymerman; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
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| The effects of a reduction in ambient oxygen pressure occurring within four hours are dependent to a large extent on one principal factor: the degree of hypoxia and the resultant arterial hypoxemia. As the degree of hypoxia increases, a series of compensatory responses occur in various organ systems which are directly proportional to the severity. Above approximately 1500 m, demonstrable changes become evident in ventilation, cardiac output, circulation, blood endocrine ... |
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