| Characterization and Fate of Gun and Rocket Propellant Residues on Testing and Training Ranges |
Jan-2008 |
597 pages |
| Authors:
Sonia Thiboutot; Richard Mantel; Dominic Faucher; Thomas F Jenkins; Alan D Hewitt; Susan R Bigl; Michael R Walsh; Marianne E Walsh; Isabelle Poulin; Sylvie Brochu; Susan Taylor; Guy Ampleman; Katerina M Dontsova; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
 | Over the past two years, the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center and the Defence R&D Canada Valcartier have partnered to develop an improved understanding of the distribution and fate of propellant residues on military training ranges in SERDP Project ER-1481. As a portion of this work, field studies have been conducted to estimate the mass of propellant residues deposited per round fired from various munitions. This research included ... |
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| Model for Combustion of Triple-Base Propellant with Detailed Chemistry |
DEC 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
William R. Anderson; Martin S. Miller; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| A model, including detailed gas phase chemistry previously applied to nitrate ester and nitramine solid propellants and their major ingredients, has been successfully applied to the pure energetic ingredient nitroguanidine and to M30, a triple base propellant which contains nitroguanidine. This is the first modeling of either based on a detailed gas phase mechanism. Computed burning rates are in reasonable agreement with experiment. Predicted flame structures indicate the unusual result ... |
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| Extraction of Nitroguanidine (NQ) from Triple-Base Gun Propellant |
FEB 2002 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey B. Morris; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| Laboratory-scale solubility and extraction studies were carried out to investigate the feasibility for recovery of nitroguanidine (NQ) from M30 triple-base gun propellant. The recovery process that was investigated involved stripping nitroglycerine (NG) from M30 propellant using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2), followed by aqueous extraction of NQ. The solubilities of NQ and NG in supercritical CO2 were investigated. NQ was found to be relatively insoluble. NG was found to be up ... |
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| Surface Phenomena of Solid Propellants Ignited by Plasma |
MAY 2001 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Pamela J. Kaste; Amy E. Kinkennon; Robert J. Lieb; Avi Birk; Miguel Del Guercio; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The morphological and chemical characterization of M30 propellants recovered after conventional and plasma ignition with polyethylene (PE) terephthalate (Mylar) in an interrupted closed bomb (extinguished at pressures between 35 and 100 Mpa) has been performed. It has been reported that burning rate augmentation appears to occur during the plasma event, but there was no evidence for post-plasma augmentation. For the extinguished grains from PE plasma ignition, there appears to be ... |
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| Assessment of the Dermal Absorption Potential of Modified M1 Propellants, WC-732 and PAP-7993 |
DEC 1998 |
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| Authors:
James N. McDougal; Gary W. Jepson; MANTECH-GEOCENTERS JOINT VENTURE DAYTON OH
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 | Soliders handling modular artillery propellant increments may have exposure to chemical components to propellants via the skin on the hands. The Modular Artillery Charge System (MACS) includes both a low zone XM231 increment and a high zone XM232 increment which were previously determined to not cause a dermal absorption hazard under potential use conditions (McDougal et al., l998a, 1998b). Chemical concentrations on the surface of these ... |
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| Microstructure and Mixing Distribution Analysis in M30 Triple-Base Propellants |
SEP 1998 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Rahmi Yazici; Dilhan M. Kalyon; David Fair; STEVENS INST OF TECHNOLOGY HOBOKEN NJ HIGHLY FILLED MATERIALS INST
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| Two different lots of M30 triple-base propellants, RAD-MEI-049 and RAD-MEI-051 (lots 49 and 51), were analyzed to determine the degree of mixing and distribution of the components in the propellant grains using novel x-ray diffraction techniques developed at Stevens. The degree of mixing was relatively low in both lots; with lot 49 being better than lot 51. The mixing index of nitroglycerine (NG) was inferior in both lots when compared ... |
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| Preparation of Fine Particulate CL-20 |
27 JAN 1998 |
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| Authors:
May L. Chan; Alan D. Turner; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
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| A high energy shock-insensitive explosive composition for use in deformable warheads. This high energy shock- insensitive explosive composition is comprised of a shock-insensitive explosive and hexa-nitro-hexa-aza-isowurtzitane constituting about 35-45 wt. % and a having an average particle size of about 3 microns. The high performance explosive consists of ammonium nitrate. nitroguanidine, 3-nitro-1.2. 4-triazol-5-one, or mixtures of the three and constitutes about 3O-4O wt. %. The CL-20 explosive is wet ground ... |
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| The Biodegradation of Propellants M3lAlEl and NOSIH-AA2 in Compost, Soil Slurries, and Liquid Cultures |
AUG 96 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Neal R. Adrian; CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB (ARMY) CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Munition production operations generate a large amount of waste material, which has historically been disposed of by open burning (OB) and open detonation (OD). However, OB/OD presents the potential for contamination of air, water, and soil. Increasingly stringent environmental regulations may force the interruption of munitions production if alternative waste disposal options such as controlled incineration, wet air oxidation, super critical water oxidation, and composting are not developed. This study ... |
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| General Toxicity/Reproductive Toxicity Screen of Modular Artillery Charge System (XM232) Administered in the Diet of Sprague-Dawley Rats |
JAN 1996 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Eggers; E. R. Kinkead; M. L. Feldmann; R. E. Wolfe; C. D. Flemming; MANTECH-GEOCENTERS JOINT VENTURE DAYTON OH
|
| An artillery propellant under development by the US Army is a granular mixture of 98% nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, nitroguanidine, and <2% cryolite and graphite. The propellant, Modular Artillery Charge System, or MACS, consists of a single increment of propellant charge contained within a rigid, combustible casing. As part of the process to develop environmental and health effects criteria, a 90-day modified Screening information Data Set reproductive assay was performed. Male and ... |
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| Range-Finding Study for a Reproductive Screen of Modular Artillery Charge System (XM231/XM232) Administered in the Diet of Sprague-Dawley Rats |
APR 95 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
E. R. Kinkead; M. L. Freedman; R. E. Wolfe; C. D. Fleming; D. L. Pollard; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| An artillery propellant under development b the U.S. Army is a granular mixture of nitrocelinlose, nitroglycerin, nitroguanidine, ethylcentralite, cryolite, and graphite. The propellant, Modniar Artillery Charge System or MACS, consists of a single increment of propellant charge contained within a rigid combustible casing. Nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, and nitroguanidine make up greater than 98% of the total propellant mixture. As part of the process to develop environmental and health effects criteria, a ... |
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| Dynamic Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Some Double and Triple Base Gun Propellants |
MAR 94 |
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| Authors:
R. C. Warren; MATERIALS RESEARCH LABS ASCOT VALE (AUSTRALIA)
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| Dynamic mechanical tests and two types of fracture test were carried out on gun propellants of a range of compositions and made by different processes. Double base propellants, and triple base propellants containing 15%, 30% and 48% picrite, were made by the full solvent process, and one triple base propellant containing 48% picrite was made by the semi-solvent process. Dynamic mechanical and impact fracture tests were carried out on machined ... |
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| Techniques for the Estimation of Heats of Explosion (HEX) Using Thermochemical Codes |
SEP 93 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Robert A. Fifer; Jeffrey B. Morris; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Procedures are outlined for calculating the heats of explosion (HEX) of neat energetic materials or propellant/explosive formulations using thermochemical codes. The 'exact' method and three approximate techniques are described; the approximate techniques either eliminate the need to sum the internal energies of the predicted products, or eliminate the need to specify a freeze-out temperature. The various techniques are illustrated for HMX and a nitrocellulose/nitroglycerine (NC/NG) mixture.... Heat of explosion, Thermochemistry, ... |
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| Toxic Hazards Research Unit Annual Report 1991 |
OCT 1992 |
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| Authors:
H. G. Wall; D. E. Dodd; A. Vinegar; H. J. Clewell; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
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| This report presents a review of the activities of the Toxic Hazards Research Unit (THRU) for the period of 16 November 1990 through 30 September 1991. Research activities included in this report cover the completion or continuation of studies that were initiated during the previous THRU contract and studies that were initiated under the present contract for the operation of the THRU. Toxicologic evaluations of aerospace and naval chemicals included ... |
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| Zero Gap Propagation Testing of Propellant - No. 2 Fuel Oil Slurries |
JAN 92 |
|
| Authors:
V. M. Norwood; D. J. Craft; C. E. Breed; NATIONAL FERTILIZER AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER MUSCLE SHOALS AL
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| Previous laboratory and bench scale research conducted by the TVA has demonstrated that slurrying waste propellants with No. 2 fuel oil to form a supplemental fuel for industrial combustors is both a technically feasible and cost-effective disposal technology. However, the safety parameters of the process remain to be delineated. This report discusses the results of Zero Cap propagation tests that determined the sensitivity of propellant-No. 2 fuel oil slurries to ... |
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| Irritation, Sensitization, and Acute Oral Toxicity of N-Methyl-N'- Nitroguanidine |
SEP 91 |
|
| Authors:
E. R. Kinkead; R. E. Wolfe; S. A. Salins; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| N-methyl-N' nitroguanidine (MNG) is being considered for use in explosive formulations. MNG is a flammable solid when wet and is considered to be an explosive when dry. Therefore, the compound must be maintained in a moist state. The acute oral toxicity was determined in male and female F 344 rats administered as a single dose in corn oil. The maximum suspension of MNG that could be delivered, lg MNG/kg body ... |
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| Analytical Methods for Determining Nitroguanidine in Soil and Water |
NOV 89 |
|
| Authors:
Marianne E. Walsh; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| For many years the making of munitions for the Army resulted in contamination of the environment surrounding production sites. In the 1970s, the Army sought to correct this situation by identifying and cleaning up affected areas. As part of this effort, the U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency (USATHAMA), under the Installation Restoration Program, has been actively developing analytical methods for detecting unique military compounds, such as explosives and ... |
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| Acute Dermal Toxicity of Nitrosoguanidine in Rabbits |
SEP 89 |
|
| Authors:
Earl W. Morgan; James D. Justus; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The acute dermal toxicity of nitrosoguanidine, was evaluated in five male and five female New Zealand White rabbits. Nitrosoguanidine (2g/kg) was applied topically to the clipped dorsal skin surface under a semi-occlusive wrap for 24 hours. There was no evidence of systemic toxicity or death. Nine of the rabbits exhibited slight to moderate erythema after wrap removal and all had cleared by 24 hours. Slight erythema was also observed in ... |
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| Primary Dermal Irritation Potential of Ball Powder (Trade Name) in Rabbits |
JUL 89 |
|
| Authors:
Larry D. Brown; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The primary dermal irritation potential of Ball Powder (Trademark) was determined in 4 male and 4 female New Zealand White rabbits by using a modified Draize method. Two Ball Powder (Trademark) skin application sites were evaluated on each animal following a 4-hour application to closely clipped skin. Very slight erythema was observed in 1 rabbit at 1 hour after wrap removal and in 2 rabbits at 24 hours after wrap ... |
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| Organic Explosives and Related Compounds. Environmental and Health Considerations |
01 MAR 89 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Elizabeth P. Burrows; David H. Rosenblatt; Wayne R. Mitchell; David L. Parmer; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
|
| This report is a compendium of a large body of information currently available in the open literature and in government publications on organic compounds used as explosives and in propellant formulations. While a summary of synthetic processes is included, the emphasis is focused on behavior and fate of these compounds in the environment and their biological effects and potential for animal and human health concerns. Physicochemical properties likely to be ... |
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| The Effect of Processing Variables on the 'Internal Slip Flow' of a Triple Base Gun Propellant Dough |
OCT 88 |
|
| Authors:
R. C. Warren; A. T. Starks; WEAPONS SYSTEMS RESEARCH LAB ADELAIDE (AUSTRALIA)
|
| The rheological behaviour of triple base gun propellant doughs of N and NQ types was measured with an extrusion rheometer at temperatures of 20C, 30C and 45C, using slit and capillary dies. The propellant doughs were made from two grades of nitrocellulose, and from picrite obtained from two sources. Acetone/water mixtures and acetone/ethanol mixtures were used as processing solvents. Most of the processing variables had little effect on flow behaviour. ... |
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| Conventional Weapons Demilitarization: A Health and Environmental Effects Data Base Assessment. Phase 1. Propellants and Their Co-Contaminants |
31 AUG 88 |
|
| Authors:
B. Mallon; D. Layton; R. Fish; P. Hsieh; L. Hall; LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LAB CA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DIV
|
| The demilitarization of propellants by open burning results in the deposition of residues on soils. Residues can consist of the main ingredients in propellant formulations, namely nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, and nitroguanidine. Co-contaminants, consisting of plasticizers and stabilizers present in propellant formulations as well as environmental degradation products of the propellants, represent additional soil contaminants. These substances include nitrosoguanidine dibutylphthlate, diethylphthylate, diphenylamine, and ethyl centralite. To support studies of the health and ... |
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| Primary Dermal Irritation Potential of Guanidine Nitrate in Rabbits |
JUL 88 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Yvonne C. LeTellier; Joy W. Bauserman; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The primary dermal irritation potential of guanidine nitrate was determined in male and female New Zealand White rabbits using a modified Draize method. The test compound was classified as a severe primary irritant with corrosive properties. Erythema, edema, and eschar formation (injuries in depth) were detected at 24, 48, and 72 hours after dosing. Irreversible skin damage was apparent at the time of sacrifice, 14 days after dosing. Keywords: Triple ... |
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| Acute Dermal Toxicity Potential of Guanidine Nitrate in Male and Female Rabbits |
JUL 88 |
|
| Authors:
Steven K. Sano; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The acute dermal toxicity of guanidine nitrate was determined in rabbits by topical application to skin sites with a semiocclusive covering for 24 hours. No compound-related deaths or clinical signs were observed at a limit dose of 2 g/kg during this study; however, guanidine nitrate did produce dermal irritation under conditions of the study. Keywords: Guanidine nitrate, Acute dermal toxicity, Rabbits, Nitroguanidine, Munitions. (kt) |
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| Dermal Sensitization Potential of Guanidine Nitrate in Guinea Pigs |
JUL 88 |
|
| Authors:
Gerald F. Hiatt; Earl W. Morgan; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Guanidine nitrate, an intermediate product in the synthesis of the triple-base propellant component, nitroguanidine, was evaluated for its potential to produce dermal sensitization in male guinea pigs. The Buehler test, which utilizes repeated closed patch inductions with the test compound, was used for this evaluation. No evidence of guanidine nitrate-induced sensitization was obtained in ths study. Keywords: Exposure physiology, Dermal sensitization, Mammalian toxicology, Guanidine nitrate, Buehler test, Guinea pigs, Nitroguanidine, ... |
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| Fourteen-Day Subchronic Oral Toxicity Study of Nitroguanidine in Rats |
JUN 88 |
|
| Authors:
Earl W. Morgan; Larry D. Brown; Carolyn M. Lewis; Robert R. Dahlgren; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The 14-day subchronic oral toxicity of nitroguanidine was evaluated in male and female rats. Nitroguanidine was administered in the diet at dose levels of 0, 100, 316, and 1000 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The addition of nitroguanidine to the diet did not have an effect on food consumption, but there was a significant dose-response increase in water consumption. Clinical signs attributable to the test compound were not observed during the ... |
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| Acute Oral Toxicity of Nitroguanidine in Male and Female Rats |
MAR 88 |
|
| Authors:
Larry D. Brown; Conrad R. Wheeler; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The acute oral toxicity of nitroguanidine was determined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by using the oral gavage single-dose limit test method. Test results indicated that the median lethal dose was greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight in both male and female rats. The predominant clinical signs associated with nitroguanidine administration were urinary excretion of a whitish precipitate (nitroguanidine) in the first 24 hours followed by excretion of a ... |
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| Dermal Sensitization Potential of Nitroguanidine in Guinea Pigs |
MAR 88 |
|
| Authors:
Earl W. Morgan; Gerald F. Hiatt; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Nitroguanidine was tested for its potential to produce sensitization via contact with the skin. Testing on male guinea pigs was performed using the Buehler Dermal Sensitization Method. No evidence of dermal sensitization to nitroguanidine was obtained in this study. Keywords: Toxicology, Toxicity. |
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| Problem Definition Study on Techniques and Methodologies for Evaluating the Chemical and Toxicological Properties of Combustion Products of Gun Systems. Volume 1 |
MAR 88 |
|
| Authors:
Robert H. Ross; Bimal C. Pal; Roswitha S. Ramsey; Roger A. Jenkins; Simon Lock; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB TN
|
| Emissions from rifles and large-caliber guns are a complex mixture of chemical species that have undergone only limited chemical characterization and toxicological investigation. The chemicals arise mainly as a result of the combustion process occurring during the firing of a round. All propellants are nitrocellulose based -- single-base propellants contain nitroglycerine; and triple-base propellants contain nitrocellulose, nitroguanidine, and nitroglycerin as the major ingredients. Available information indicates that the major decomposition ... |
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| Acute Dermal Toxicity of Nitroguanidine in Rabbits |
JAN 88 |
|
| Authors:
Carolyn M. Lewis; Carlin V. Okerberg; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Nitroguanidine, a primary component of US Army triple-base propellants, is now produced in a Government-owned contractor-operated ammunition plant. The US Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory (USABRDL), as part of its mission to evaluate environmental and health hazards of compounds generated by US Army munitions-manufacturing facilities, conducted a review of the nitroguanidine data base and identified significant gaps in the toxicity data (1). The Division of Toxicology, LAIR, was tasked ... |
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| Mutagenic Potential of Nitrosoguanidine in the Mouse Lymphoma Forward Mutation Assay |
DEC 87 |
|
| Authors:
John W. Harbell; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The mutagenic potential of nitrosoguanidine (TP048) was assessed in the mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase forward mutation assay both with and without metabolic activation by rat liver S-9. In the initial and confirmatory assays, cells were exposed to test compound concentrations ranging from 1.5 mg/ml to 0.7 mg/ml. Nitrosoguanidine induced a significant increase in the mutant frequency in both assays. These results indicate that nitrosoguanidine was mutagenic under the conditions of ... |
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| Environmental Fate of Nitroguanidine, Diethyleneglycol Dinitrate, and Hexachloroethane Smoke |
30 SEP 87 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald J. Spanggord; Tsong-Wen Chou; Theodore Mill; Werner Haag; Wyman Lau; SRI INTERNATIONAL MENLO PARK CA
|
| The U.S. Army is responsible for the production of explosives used in conventional military weapons and chemicals used in screening devices to conceal equipment and personnel during military operations. Part of the Army's database to assess the health and environmental impact of such chemicals concerns how long such chemicals persist in the environment and the mechanisms by which their loss and movement is controlled once they are discharged from a ... |
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| The Metabolism of Nitroguanidine and Nitrosoguanidine by Rat Hepatic Subcellular Fractions |
JUL 87 |
|
| Authors:
Paul B. Simboli; Bert Ho; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The metabolism of nitroguanidine (NG) and nitrosoguanidine (NsG) by rat hepatic subcellular fractions was examined. The microsomal fraction and 10, 000 x g supernatant from untreated and phenobarbital - treated animals and the 9,000 x g supernatant from Arochlor-induced rats were used for this study. The in vitro metabolism of substrate was measured by HPLC. The results indicate that neither NG nor NsG are metabolized by the hepatic subcellular fractions. ... |
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| Dermal Sensitization Potential of BALL POWDER (trade name) in Guinea Pigs |
JUL 87 |
|
| Authors:
Earl W. Morgan; John R. Ryabik; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| BALL POWDER was tested for its potential to produce sensitization via contact with the skin. Testing was performed on male guinea pigs. The Buehler Dermal Sensitization method was used. No evidence of dermal sensitization to BALL POWDER was obtained in this study. Keywords: Dermal Sensitization, Toxicology; Nitrocellulose; Buehler Test; Guinea Pigs; Ball powder propellants; ammunition; Small arms ammunition; 5.56 mm ammunition. |
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| Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant NQ (Nitroguanidine) Wastewater Treatment GAC/IE (Granular Activated Carbon/Ion Exchange) Pilot Plant |
17 APR 87 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
A. A. Balasco; R. C. Bowen; E. L. Field; R. F. Machacek; L. R. Woodland; LITTLE (ARTHUR D) INC CAMBRIDGE MA
|
| The report describes a program to characterize the performance of a granular activated carbon/ion exchange (GAC/IE) pilot plant system for removing pollutants from the various wastewaters of a nitroguanidine (NQ) production plant. This program was carried out at the Sunflower Ammunition Plant, DeSoto, Kansas, from January through May 1986. It was found that carbon beds can efficiently remove NQ from any of the wastewaters tested, that cation exchange beds can ... |
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| Review of Laboratory Program on Degradation Mechanisms in Soil of Wastewater From Nitroguanidine Manufacture |
MAR 1987 |
341 pages |
| Authors:
Richard T. Williams; A. R. MacGillivray; WESTON (ROY F) INC WEST CHESTER PA
|
| The degradation of nitroguanidine manufacture wastewater components was examined in order to predict the long-term feasibility of land farming. Continuous flow and soil perfusion columns, microbial enumeration, and batch mineralization studies were utilized for this investigation. After 271 days of operation for the continuous flow soil columns and 84 days of operation for the soil perfusion columns, only some components of nitroguanidine wastewater were completely or partially removed. Guanidine nitrate ... |
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| Compilation of Blast Parameters of Selected High Explosives, Propellants, and Pyrotechnics in Surface Burst Configurations |
JAN 1987 |
444 pages |
| Authors:
F. L. McIntyre; SVERDRUP TECHNOLOGY INC NSTL MS ENGINEERING SCIENCES DEPT
|
| This report is a compilation of TNT equivalency test programs of selected high explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. These tests were originally conducted in various test agencies and reported in individual reports of varying formats. In all, there were 41 materials tested under various MMT projects. This report compiles all test data from tbe various programs and presents it in a standardized format. |
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| Primary Dermal Irritation Potential of Nitroguanidine in Rabbits |
APR 86 |
|
| Authors:
Earl W. Morgan; Steven K. Sano; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Nitroguanidine, a primary component of US Army triple-base propellants, is now produced in a Government-owned contractor-operated ammunition plant. The US Army Bioengineering Research and Development Laboratory (USAMBRDL), as part of its mission to evaluate the enviromental and health hazards of military-unique pollutants generated by US Army munitions manufacturing, conducted a review of the nitroguanidine data base and identified significant gaps in the toxicity data. The primary dermal irritation potential of ... |
|
| Dermal Sensitization Potential of Guanidine Hydrochloride in Guinea Pigs |
09 JAN 86 |
|
| Authors:
Gerald F. S. Hiatt; Earl W. Morgan; Don W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Nitroguanidine is being evaluated by the US Army as a replacement for the nitrocellulose component of certain propellants/munitions. Guanidine hydrochloride was tested for its potential to produce sensitization via contact with the skin. Testing was performed on male guinea pigs by using the Buehler Dermal Sensitization method. No evidence of dermal sensitization to guanidine hydrochloride was obtained in this study. Keywords: Toxicology. |
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| Primary Dermal Irritation Potential fo Guanidine Hydrochloride in Rabbits |
JAN 86 |
|
| Authors:
Earl W. Morgan; Lawrence Mullen; D. W. Korte Jr; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Nitroguanidine, a primary component of US Army triple-base propellants, is now produced in a Government-owned contractor-operated ammunition plant. The US Army Bioengineering Research and Development Laboratory (USAMBRDL), as part of its mission to evaluate the environmental and health hazards of military-unique pollutants generated by US Army munitions manufacturing facilities, conducted a review of the nitroguanidine data base and identified significant gaps in the toxicity data. The Toxicology Branch, LAIR, was ... |
|
| Environmental Fate of Nitroguanidine, Diethyleneglycol Dinitrate, and Hexachloroethane Smoke. Phase 1 |
DEC 85 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald J. Spanggord; Tsong-Wen Chou; Theodore Mill; R. T. Podoll; James C. Harper; SRI INTERNATIONAL MENLO PARK CA
|
| This study was conducted to identify dominant loss and movement processes for nitroguanidine (NG), diethyleneglycol dinitrate (DEGDN), and hexachloroethane smoke products in air, soil, and water environments. The loss of NG in the aqueous environment will be dominated by photolysis, with half- lives ranging from 1.6 days in the summer to 3.9 days in the winter. Biotransformation occurred under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with half-lives of 4 and 6 ... |
|
| Voltammetric Analysis of Ordnance Materials. Part 2. A Portable Digital Voltammeter for Use with a Silver Wire Working Electrode |
DEC 84 |
|
| Authors:
D. A. Fine; D. A. Reeve; R. A. Dickus; NAVAL WEAPONS CENTER CHINA LAKE CA
|
| An inexpensive, portable, digital voltammeter has been designed and built at NWC. The instrument is intended for use with a silver wire working electrode. The voltammeter was built in response to a need on the part of Navy facilities for the monitoring of effluent water from the carbon column cleanup process used to remove propyleneglycoldinitrate from Otto fuel waste water. The instrument may also be used for the monitoring of ... |
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| Voltammetric Analysis of Ordnance Materials. Part 1. Detection and Quantitation of Nitrate Esters and Various Nitro Compounds in Water by Voltammetry |
APR 1984 |
|
| Authors:
D. A. Fine; M. H. Miles; NAVAL WEAPONS CENTER CHINA LAKE CA
|
| Effort has been directed toward developing a suitable solid working electrode for the voltammetric determination of various ordnance materials in water. Of the electrode materials tested, silver wire showed the most promise, and a suitable silver wire electrode has been developed. Linear sweep voltammetric, cyclic voltammetric and exhaustive electrolysis studies of the reduction of nitrate esters and aromatic nitro compounds on the electrode have been carried out. These studies indicate ... |
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| Sensitivity Characterization of Low Vulnerability (LOVA) Propellants |
MAR 1983 |
|
| Authors:
M. S. Kirshenbaum; L. Avrami; B. Strauss; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
|
| Low vulnerability (LOVA) propellants are being developed to improve the combat survivability and effectiveness of our current weapon systems. The basic LOVA formulation contains approximately 75% nitramine filler. This report describes the results of a study that was conducted to determine the sensitivity properties of a number of the candidate LOVA propellants as well as seven conventional nitrate ester propellants (M30, M26, M6+2, NACO, two United Kingdom propellants, F527/428, and ... |
|
| Raman Spectroscopic Study of Molecular Orientation in AgTCNQ Thin Films |
18 FEB 1983 |
|
| Authors:
Efstratios Kamitsos; William M. Risen Jr; BROWN UNIV PROVIDENCE RI DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| Preferential orientation of TCNQ(-) units in thin AgTCNQ films, which were prepared by thermal treatment of vapor-deposited materials on various substrates, is demonstrated by laser Raman spectroscopy. The polarization dependence of Raman intensities in four scattering arrangements have been obtained by varying the polarization direction of the incident light. The experimental results for Raman intensities as a function of substrate orientation are compared with those predicted for films with TCNQ(-) ... |
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| Procedures for the Production of Gun Propellants by Use of Different Extruders, |
02 JUN 1982 |
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| Authors:
D. Mueller; OBSERVATORIO DEL EBRO ROQUETAS (SPAIN) IONOSPHERIC SECTION
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| This report discusses the use of gun propellants produced by different types of extruderse. These extruders are different to each other with respect to their construction, screw configuration and mode of operation. For the production of propellants by solvent processes, we preferred twin-screw extruders operating either in the synchronous mode or the countercurrent mode. The results of this process consists of extruded strands possessing a high density and an excellent ... |
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| Treatment of Wastewaters Containing Propellants and Explosives, |
02 JUN 1982 |
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| Authors:
L. L. Smith; J. Carrazza; K. Wong; RADFORD ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT VA
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| Studies were conducted at Radford Army Ammunition Plant (RAAP) to compare selected wastewater treatment methods, to define the treatment parameters and to prepare the design criteria for facilities to treat wastewater containing dissovled nitroguanidine (NGu), nitroglycerin (NG) and other nitrate esters and colloidal nitrocellulose (NC). The design criteria for two pretreatment facilities were prepared based on the results of the pilot plant evaluation and transmitted to the Army Corps of ... |
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| The Mechanical Behavior of Gun Propellant Grains in Interior Ballistics |
JUN 1982 |
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| Authors:
S. Nicolaides; D. A. Wiegand; J. Pinto; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
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| The interior ballistics problem associated with the erratic and adnormal burning of gun propellant grains is addressed interms of the mechanical behavior of the propellant. Compressive mechanical properties, grain failure, and burning performance of two triple base propellants tested as a strain rate of 1000% per second and at ambient temperatures ranging from 20 C to -60 C are presented. As the test temperature is lowered the propellants undergo a ... |
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| Tentative Analytical Procedures for Control of Continuous Nitroguanidine Process |
MAY 1981 |
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| Authors:
J. Jarrell; N. Gelber; T. H. Chen; W. F. Ark; C. Ribaudo; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
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| This manual contains, in two parts, the analytical procedures developed for controlling the continuous nitroguanidine process at Sunflower Army Ammunition Plant. In Part A, the general methods for analyzing the key ingredients in the manufacture of nitroguanidine are detailed. These are based on volumetric titration, direct and indirect ultraviolet, and visible absorption spectrophotometry, potentiometry, and polarography. In Part B, the application of the procedures described in Part A and the ... |
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| Preparation of Calcium Cyanamide. |
14 APR 1980 |
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| Authors:
Charles W. Lewis; DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC
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| This invention relates to the economical production of a high purity calcium cyanamide from calcium carbonate and a mixture of ammonia and carbon dioxide in a multistage reactor. The multistage reactor increases the surface area for better contact between solid and gaseous reactants, removes the water formed, thus minimizing the decomposition of the product, and minimizes the cracking of ammonia by lowering the temperature of the reaction. The resulting calcium ... |
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| Application of Foam Separation to Aqueous Solutions of Trinitrotoluene (TNT). Part II. Removal of Organic Explosives with Surfactants. |
DEC 1978 |
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| Authors:
Yoshiyuki Okamoto; Eng J. Chou; Michael Croce; Milton Roth; POLYTECHNIC INST OF NEW YORK BROOKLYN DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| Process parameters have been developed which permit purification of wastewaters containing dissolved TNT, RDX, or nitroglycerin by treating the wastewater with a surfactant of the quaternary amine type at a pH of about 11.5. With TNT, the surfactant forms a precipitate that is removed by filtration. The other explosives, if present, are removed by hydrolysis. This reaction is accelerated by the surfactant. Nitroguanidine is unaffected by the surfactant treatment, but ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
NITROGUANIDINE
