| Characterization of Atmospheric Emission Produced by Live Gun Firing: Test on the M777 155 mm Howitzer |
OCT 2007 |
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| Authors:
Bernadette Quemerais; Emmanuela Diaz; Isabelle Poulin; Andre Marois; DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA)
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 | Atmospheric emissions produced by live gun firing of the 155 mm howitzer were characterized during a live firing training exercise in Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Valcartier in January 2007. Sampling was performed continuously for three hours during the exercise during which particles and chemicals accumulated on sampling media. Sixty-nine rounds were fired, each round using four bags of propellant, and an additional 3 rounds were fired, each round using 5 ... |
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| The Supreme Court's Climate Change Decision: Massachusetts v. EPA |
18 MAY 2007 |
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| Authors:
Robert Meltz; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| On April 2, 2007, the Supreme Court handed down "Massachusetts v. EPA," its first pronouncement on climate change. By 5-4, the Court held the following: (1) Massachusetts had standing to sue, (2) Section 202 of the Clean Air Act authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate emissions from new motor vehicles on the basis of their possible climate change impacts, and (3) Section 202 does not authorize EPA to ... |
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| Organic Polymers with Magneto-Dielectric Properties |
28 MAR 2007 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Andrzej Rajca; NEBRASKA UNIV LINCOLN DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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 | Organic diradicals, in which the atomic orbitals carrying spin density, have near-perfect alignment for strong ferromagnetic exchange coupling, were designed, synthesized, and characterized by magnetic studies. These include novel triplet (S = 1) ground state aminyl diradicals, in which spin density is centered at nitrogen atoms, and S = 1 ground state nitroxide diradicals, in which spin density is primarily located at nitrogen and oxygen atoms. The nitroxide diradicals are ... |
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| Effect of Biodiesel on Diesel Engine Nitrogen Oxide and Other Regulated Emissions |
01-May-2006 |
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| Authors:
Bruce Holden; Jason Jack; Wayne Miller; Tom Durbin; NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING SERVICE CENTER PORT HUENEME CA
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| This report summarizes the results of a 3-year project lead by the Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC) to obtain emissions factors (i.e. tailpipe air pollution emissions data) from 10 types of Department of Defense (DoD) operated diesel powered engines. Emissions data was obtained from 8 vehicles, primarily buses and trucks, and 2 portable generators. All testing was performed with the engines installed in the vehicles/portable equipment. Emissions factors were ... |
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| Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Combustion |
15 MAR 2006 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Heinz Pitsch; STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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| In the past decade, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has been increasingly and successfully applied to both premixed and non-premixed reacting flows [1, 2, 3]. In application and testing, methods such as steady and unsteady flamelet modeling, the probability density function (PDF) assumption, and level set tracking have been shown to describe combustion in a LES context correctly. As capable as such methods are, however, researchers only very recently have begun ... |
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| Emissions From a 6.5L HMMWV Engine on Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel and JP-8 |
DEC 2004 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
Edwin A. Frame; Matthew G. Blanks; SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX TARDEC FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY
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| This project investigated the exhaust emissions produced at various operating conditions by the 6.5L diesel engine that is used to power the Army's GMMWV. Compared to reference diesel fuel, the use of JP-8 fuel resulted in lower levels of NOx and particulate matter. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) were also determined. The JP-8 produced lower levels of exhaust PAH's than the low sulfur certification diesel fuel (LSCD) for most but not ... |
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| Preparation of Novel Polyazetes |
05 OCT 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
J. G. Radziszewski; COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES GOLDEN DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PETROLEUM REFINING
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| We have investigated several ways to prepare and characterize spectroscopically novel compounds of pure nitrogen:tetrazete N4 and pentazole anion N5. They are of interest to DARPA/AFOSR as potential new high energy density materials (HEDM)s and attractive propellants. Results of earlier, extensive theoretical work (quantum mechanical computations) consistently suggest that tetrazete should be a metastable compound with decomposition barrier of 60 kcal/mol, and it should contain 180 kcal/mol of energy with ... |
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| Metastable Molecules in Ground and Excited States: Molecular Design with Theory |
03 JUN 2004 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Rodney J. Bartlett; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE QUANTUM THEORY PROJECT
|
| HIGHLIGHTS FROM FISCAL 04 INCLUDE: DETERMINED THE OPTIMUM STRUCTURE AND VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES FOR A POLYMERIC NITROGEN SPECIES; EXPLORED A VARIETY OF OXYGEN SUBSTITUTED NITROGEN MOLECULES WHERE COOREINATE COVALENT BONDS TO OXYGEN ARE INTRODUCED; FINALIZED STUDIES OF AZACUBANES AND NITROZACUBANE; DID A STUDY OF THE NITROGEN OXIDE DIMER IN ITS GROUND AND EXCITED STATES. |
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| Mountain-Slope Afforestation for Valley Urban Air-Quality Improvement |
01-Jan-2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Yuchun Chen; Shihua Lu; Peter C Chu; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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| Lanzhou is one of the major cities in northwest China and the capital of Gansu Province and located at a narrow (2-8 km width), long (40-km), NW-SE oriented valley basin (elevation: 1,500- 1,600-m) with the Tibetan plateau in the west, Baita mountain (above 1,700-m elevation) in the north, and the Gaolan mountain in the south. Due to topographic and meteorological characteristics, Lanzhou is one of the most polluted cities in ... |
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| Thermospheric Infrared Radiance Response to the April 2002 Geomagnetic Storm from SABER Infrared and GUVI Ultraviolet Limb Data |
2004 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Jeremy R. Winick; M. G. Mlynczak; P. P. Wintersteiner; F. J. Martin-Torres; R. H. Picard; L. Paxton; M. Lopez-Puertas; J. M. Russell; A. Christensen; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
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| The SABER instrument on TIMED continuously measures certain infrared limb radiance profiles with unprecedented sensitivity. Among these are emissions of CO2 v3 at 4.3 micrometers, routinely recorded to tangent heights of ^140-150 km, and NO at 5.3 micrometers, seen to above 200 km. Both of these are greatly enhanced during periods of strong auroral activity, when they can be measured to 200 km and 300 km, respectively. We use these ... |
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| Clean CAM Technology -86: Demonstration Scientific and Technical Emission Summary Test Report. Addendum. AGE Bio Diesel Emission Evaluation |
DEC 2003 |
581 pages |
| Authors:
Mark D. Wade; KARTA TECHNOLOGY INC SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| This report serves as the findings of a field study on an engine modification developed by Clean Cam Technology (CCT) that promises to reduce Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions from various engines manufactured by Detroit Diesel. The Air Force hired Environmental Quality Management, Inc. to modify four AM32A-86D generators that are equipped with Detroit Diesel 4L-71N engines, conduct emission tests on the four operating units every six months and record operational ... |
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| Ozone Synthesis in Atmospheric Pressure Needle-to-Plane Gas Discharge |
20 JUL 2003 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
V. Golota; B. Kadolin; V. Karas; I. Paschenko; S. Pugach; NATIONAL SCIENCE CENTER (UKRAINE) KHARKOV INST OF PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY
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| The research of negative, positive coronas and also a nonstationary streamer discharge was carried out. The synthesis of O3 and emission spectrum of NO and atomic oxygen O on wave length 777.1 nm was investigated experimentally. The concept of ozone synthesis in atmospheric pressure gas discharge was offered. |
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| Improvement in the Performance by Changing Electrode Shape in Barrier Discharge Type ESP |
20 JUL 2003 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Hideyuki Ando; Yosuke Kuroda; Yoshihiro Kawada; Takeo Takahashi; Yoshiyasu Ehara; MUSASHI INST OF TECH TOKYO (JAPAN)
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| In general corona discharge is used in ESP (Electrostatic Precipitator). The corona discharge type ESP can remove DEP (Diesel Exhaust particles) at high collection efficiency but at low removal efficiency for NOx and re-entrainment phenomena due to low resistivity and particle agglomeration on the electrode. Barrier discharge is effective for removal NOx. Therefore, we are used Barrier discharge in ESP In this paper, we investigated the plate type, punched hole ... |
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| Chemical Characterization of the Pyrotechnically Disseminated M83-PE smoke Grenades |
JUN 2003 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Anthony; Mark V. Haley; Kathy Matson; Charles Crouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| To reduce the possibility of flaming, the smoke formulation for the M83 smoke grenade has been modified by the addition of a bum retardant, pentaerythritol (PE). These M83-PE grenades were chemically characterized to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the combustion products produced with the addition of PE. Data was needed prior to material release and for incorporation into the item's Life Cycle Environmental Assessment (LCEA). Similar to other terephthalic acid (TA) ... |
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| Chemical Characterization of the Pyrotechnically Disseminated M8-PE smoke Pots |
MAY 2003 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
J. S. Anthony; Mark V. Haley; Kathy Matson; Charles Crouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| To reduce the possibility of flaming, the smoke formulation for the M8 smoke pot has been modified by the addition of a burn retardant, penterythritol (PE). These M8-PE pots were chemically characterized to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the combustion products produced with the addition of PE. Data as needed prior to material release and for incorporation into the item's Life Cycle Environmental Assessment (LCEA). Similar to other terephthalic acid (TA) ... |
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| Improved Performance of Lean-Burn Combustion |
APR 2003 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
R. P. Lindstedt; J. H. Whitelaw; IMPERIAL COLL CONSULTANTS LTD LONDON (UNITED KINGDOM)
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| The focus of the research described here is on establishing and controlling the causes of combustion instabilities in fuel lean combustion systems. The frequencies of the dominant instability modes are typically < 500 Hz and a comprehensive closure at second moment level, which accounts for the effects of persistent non-gradient transport in a consistent manner, has been applied to compute the combusting flow characteristics in the plane duct configuration of ... |
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| Development and Modeling of Angled Effusion Cooling for the BR715 Low Emission Staged Combustor Core Demonstrator |
MAR 2003 |
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| Authors:
M. Gerendas; K. Hoeschler; Th. Schilling; BMW ROLLS-ROYCE GMBH DAHLEWITZ (GERMANY)
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| A technology program was started in 1994 within the framework of the German Aeronautics Research Program to develop axial-staged combustor technology up to a core engine demonstrator. The objective was to demonstrate a 50% NOx reduction against the ICAO CAEP II limit without any compromise on the CO, UHC, and smoke emission level compared to the latest single annular combustor technology. All other requirements, like ignition and relight capability, stability, ... |
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| Experimental Study of Geometric Effect for Design of Multihole Cooling for Combustion Chamber Walls |
MAR 2003 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
B. Leger; G. Schott; G. Grienche; TURBOMECA CEDEX (FRANCE)
|
| The increase of temperature and pressure in the gas turbines is a general trend that allows the engine performances to be increased. These higher thermodynamic cycles impose cooling systems of increasingly high performance. As a matter of fact, lean combustion, that is necessary to reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides (Nox) produced, consumes more and more air, and this air is taken mainly from the air usually reserved for cooling. ... |
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| Wide Temperature Range Kinetics of Elementary Combustion Reactions for Army Models |
JUL 2002 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Arthur Fontijn; RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST TROY NY DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The goals of this program are to provide accurate kinetic data on isolated elementary reactions at temperatures relevant to Army combustion models, particularly for propellant combustion dark zones and also for development of halon replacements for fire retardation. Measurements have been made in high temperature photochemistry (HTP) reactors. Rate coefficient expressions over wide temperature ranges are reported for the reactions O+N2O -> O2+N2,N + N2O ->N2 + NO,O +CHF3 ->OH ... |
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| AIR POLLUTION: Emissions from Older Electricity Generating Units |
JUN 2002 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| Electricity is critical to the nation's economy and standard of living. The nation depends on a variety of fuels to generate this electricity, including coal, natural gas, nuclear power, oil, and renewable sources. While fossil fuels-coal, natural gas, and oil-account for more than two thirds of our electricity, generating units that burn these fuels are major sources of airborne emissions that pose human health and environmental risks. Two of the ... |
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| A Study of Sporadic E Layer Chemistry |
01 MAY 2002 |
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| Authors:
John M. Plane; UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA NORWICH (UNITED KINGDOM) SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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| Sporadic E layers in the lower thermosphere play a very important role in radio communications. The lifetimes of these transient layers are largely controlled by the ion-molecule chemistry of metallic ions, particularly iron (Fe), that are produced by meteoric ablation. The aim of this project was to study the role of atomic oxygen in controlling the rate at which Fe(+) ions are neutralised. The rate coefficients for the reactions of ... |
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| Microwave Treatment of Oxidizer Vapor |
2002 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Chang Y. Cha; Timothy Provens; Gary Wright; Joseph D. Wander; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPDAYTON OH
|
| During fueling of liquid rockets, transfer of the propellant, hydrazine (and its monomethyl and 1,2-dimethyl derivatives), and of the oxidizer, dinitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4) creates exhaust streams of nitrogen gas heavily contaminated with these constituents. Wet scrubbers provide -60% removal of these contaminants, and combustion devices emit unacceptable amounts of NOx as byproducts of treatment. The Air Force Research Laboratory, Weapon Systems Logistics Branch (AFRL/MLQL) has developed a systematic assessment of ... |
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| Driving Emissions to Zero. Are the Benefits of California's Zero Emission Vehicle Program Worth the CostsNULL |
2002 |
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| Authors:
Lloyd Dixon; Isaac Porche; Jonathan Kulick; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
| The Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) program is a controversial part of California's strategy for meeting federal air quality standards. The program has been significantly modified multiple times since it was adopted by the California Air Resources Board in 1990 and is currently being challenged in court. This report is an independent assessment of the costs and emission benefits of ZEVs and the other low-emission vehicles that manufacturers are allowed to ... |
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| Plasma Based Devices |
DEC 2001 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
M. Gundersen; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES DEPT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGAND ELECTROPHYSICS
|
| Plasma processing is now considered an exciting prospect for control of noxious effluents from many different sources including diesel engines, power plants, factories, and incinerators. Energy-efficient plasma-based technologies, supported through this grant, are now under commercial investigation for pollution abatement, and have potential for reduced emissions, higher efficiencies, simplified processing, and lower costs, while allowing the use of existing power plants and energy sources. Such advances are critically important to ... |
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| Cellular Sensing Devices for Assessing Chemicals |
25 OCT 2001 |
|
| Authors:
M. Aizawa; K. Kamei; T. Haruyama; E. Kobatake; TOKYO INST OF TECH YOKOHAMA (JAPAN)
|
| Several types of cellular biosensors have been developed for assessing chemicals in which the cell responses to chemicals are transduced to the sensor outputs in various manners. The cell layer is fixed in the vicinity of the signal transducer. As an example assessment of immunomodulating chemicals has been performed with a cellular biosensor based on electrochemical determination of the inducible nitrogen oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in a macrophage-like cell. |
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| Modulation of Androgen-Induced Oxidative Stress Responses as a Chemopreventive Measure in Prostate Cancer |
SEP 2001 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Todd A. Thompson; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
|
| We have previously reported that androgens induce oxidative stress in the androgen-responsive LNCaP prostate carcinoma cell line. We hypothesize that androgen-induced changes in prostate redox status may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. Chemopreventive measures may reduce the development of prostate cancer. This study addresses several molecular mechanisms implicated in cellular redox status. Intracellular calcium levels were increased by androgen exposure, which could be inhibited by vitamin E treatment. Activity of the ... |
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| Evaluation of Advanced Petroleum-Based Fuels |
AUG 2001 |
130 pages |
| Authors:
W. E. Likos; SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX TARDEC FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY
|
| The U.S. Department of Energy with the cooperation of DaimlerChrysler undertook a series of evaluations of diesel fuel formulation alternatives using the newly released Daimler-Benz OM 611 diesel engine as a surrogate for an advanced diesel engine as identified by Partnership for the Next Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) program. The first phase completed in 1998 (SAE 2000-01-2048) evaluated exhaust emissions and fuel economy benefits of several alternative diesel fuels without ... |
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| Diesel Engine Injection Rate-Shape Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms and Multidimensional Modeling |
19 JUN 2001 |
|
| Authors:
P. V. Farrell; D. E. Foster; J. B. Ghandhi; J. M. Moskwa; R. D. Reitz; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON ENGINE RESEARCH CENTER
|
| A computational optimization study was performed for a heavy-duty direct-injection diesel engine using the recently developed KIVA-GA computer code. The effects of 11 engine input parameters on emissions and performance were studied. Start of injection (SOI), amount of EGR, boost pressure and eight parameters defining the fuel injection rate-shape were included in the search. The optimized configuration results in very low soot and NO(x) emissions together with relatively low fuel ... |
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| Effects of Advanced Fuel Injection Strategies on DI Diesel Emissions |
19 JUN 2001 |
|
| Authors:
A. M. Mellor; S. L. Plee; R. J. Tabaczynski; VANDERBILT UNIV NASHVILLE TN
|
| The focus of the program is developing engineering models for Diesel emissions and performance that: (1) stand alone as preliminary design tools, (2) provide submodels for CFD, spray-marching, and cycle simulations, and (3) offer real-time algorithms for control of smart engines. These models, because of their simplicity, also provide the design engineer with valuable insight into the predominate processes governing engine emissions and performance. The model equations are derived from ... |
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| Chemical Kinetics and Aerodynamics of Ignition |
19 JUN 2001 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Chung K. Law; PRINCETON UNIV NJ
|
| This program investigates ignition of nonhomogenous systems, such as those found in practical combustion devices, by looking at ignition in a counterflow. During the reporting period, major effort was expanded on ignition in a nonpremixed turbulent counterflow where a hot air jet ignites an ambient temperature fuel jet. Specifically, the non-reacting turbulent flow was first investigated experimentally to provide data in support of other ignition and turbulence modeling studies. Subsequently, ... |
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| Dimethoxymethane in Diesel Fuel: Chemical Characterization of Toxicologically Relevart Compounds From Diesel Emissions |
APR 2001 |
645 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas M. Yost; Janet Buckingham; Edwin A. Frame; SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TXTARDEC FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY
|
| This project exists as follow-on work to Phase I and Phase II emissions research utilizing a DaimlerChrysler OM611 diesel engine. The Phase I testing was designed to evaluate the potential benefits of several alternative diesel fuels without making any adjustments to the engine control system1. The objective of the second phase of work was to optimize the OM611 engine for a subset of the seven fuels that were tested in ... |
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| On the Flame Structure of RDX |
APR 2001 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Barrie E. Homan; Martin S. Miller; John A. Vanderhoff; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| In an attempt to refine the database for the evaluation of detailed- chemistry combustion models, absorption spectroscopy has been applied to low pressure, self-deflagrating RDX flames. Semi-empirically determined production rates of reactants from the solid propellant surface, together with a detailed gas-phase elementary reaction set, were used to develop a model that minimizes the effect of uncertainties in the description of solid phase processes. The spatial profiles of two low ... |
|
| Conference Eighth International Symposium on Blood Substitutes |
APR 2001 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Robert M. Winslow; COMPLETE CONFERENCE MANAGEMENT SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Partial contents: BLOOD SUBSTITUTES: CURRENT STATUS AND NEW CHALLENGES, OXYGEN SENSING AND OXYGEN-DEPENDENT GENE EXPRESSION, THE INTRINSIC STABILITY OF LIGANDED HEMOGLOBINS IS DESTABILIZED BY CHLORIDE: ROLE OF SITE- SPECIFIC INTRAMOLECULAR MICRODOMAINS, ADMINISTRATION OF FLUOROCARBON EMULSION REDUCES DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN IN LIVER AND KIDNEY OF A SICKLE TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL, SITE SPECIFIC SURFACE DECORATION OF HEMOGLOBIN-A WITH POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL: CORRELATION BETWEEN INCREASED HYDRODYNAMIC VOLUME AND MASS OF PEG CONJUGATED, HYPERONCOTlC, HYPEROSMOTIC AND HYPEROSMOTIC/HYPERONCOTIC ... |
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| Pacifichem 2000 Symposium on Plasma Chemistry and Technology for Green Manufacturing, Pollution Control and Processing Applications |
19 MAR 2001 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Jen-Shih Chang; MCMASTER UNIV HAMILTON (ONTARIO) DEPT OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS
|
| Plasma chemistry and technology represents a significant advance and improvement for green manufacturing, pollution control, and various processing applications. The US Army as well as the DoD have a very large number of operational and military needs that can be addressed by state-of-the-art plasma technologies. These include clean-up/restoration of a wide range of contaminated sites (soils and groundwater), control of release of toxic vapors during peacetime operations at military bases ... |
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| Polynitrogen Chemistry, Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure of Surprisingly Stable Fluoroantimonate Salts of N5(+) |
01 MAR 2001 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Ashwani Vij; William W. Wilson; Vandana Vij; Fook S. Tham; Karl O. Christe; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES LOKER HYDROCARBON RESEARCH INST
|
| The new N5(+) salt, N5(+)SbF6(-), was prepared from N2F(+)SbF6(-) and HN3 in anhydrous HF solution. The white solid is surprisingly stable, decomposing only at 70 deg C, and is relatively insensitive to impact. Its vibrational spectrum exhibits all nine fundamentals with frequencies that are in excellent agreement with the theoretical calculations for a five-atomic V-shaped ion of C2v symmetry. The N5(+)Sb2F11(-) salt was also prepared and its crystal structure was ... |
|
| Advanced Laser Diagnostic Applications. Volume 1 of 3 (Pages 1 - 217) |
MAR 2001 |
224 pages |
| Authors:
Larry P. Goss; INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS INC DAYTON OH
|
| Reported are results of experimental and numerical investigations on gas turbine combustion and fuel processes, including: 1) Development, evaluation, and utilization of advanced laser diagnostic and analytical techniques for studying combustion and fuel processes important to current and future military aircraft; 2) Determination of cause and investigation of schemes to eliminate combustion and thermal-stability-related problems resulting from change from JP-4 to JP-8 fuel; 3) Proposal and evaluation of advanced combustor ... |
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| Experimental Study and Modeling of the Reaction H + O2 + M yields HO2 + M (M= Ar, N2, H2O) at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures Between 1050-1250K |
25 JAN 2001 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald W. Bates; David M. Golden; Ronald K. Hanson; Craig T. Bowman; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE WEST
|
| The H + O2 + M yields HO2 + M reaction was investigated at temperatures between 1050-1250 K and pressures from 7 to 152 bar behind reflected shock waves in gas mixtures of H2, 02, NO, and bath gases of Ar, N2, and H2O. Narrow linewidth laser absorption of NO2 at 472.7 nm was used to measure quasi-steady NO2 concentration plateaus in experiments designed to be sensitive only to the ... |
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| Therapeutic Hypothermia Following Traumatic Spinal Injury Morphological and Functional Correlates |
JAN 2001 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
Robert P. Yezierski; MIAMI UNIV FL SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| The primary objective of experiments carried out during the fourth year was to determine the behavioral and morphological impact of systemic hyperthermia following moderate spinal cord injury. In these experiments moderate hyperthermia (39.5-40.0 deg C) was initiated 30 minutes post-injury for a period of four hours. Two days post-injury we initiated the behavioral assessment of locomotor function and at the conclusion of the study a histological analysis of tissue was ... |
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| DURIP 99 - Instrumentation for Deposition and Etching of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles |
19 DEC 2000 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew C. Kummel; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| During this award, accomplishments were made in three areas: deposition of an isotropic ferromagnetic nanoparticles, etching of metallic materials, and oxidation of metals. (a) The grantees developed a technique to deposit partially anisotropic Fe nanoparticles, 200A x 76A x 8A on Ag(111) with a uniform directionality. The investigators also found that in UHV, the silver atoms spontaneously diffuse on top of the Fe nanoparticles even at 300 K. Since silver ... |
|
| Ion Dynamics Related to Hypersonics |
27 NOV 2000 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen R. Leone; Veronica M. Bierbaum; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER
|
| This research has focused on systems with particular relevance to atmospheric chemistry and combustion processes In particular, the mobilities of cluster ions drifting in helium and in nitrogen buffer gas have been measured and the rotational state dependent velocity distributions and rotational alignment of the molecular nitrogen cation have been characterized. The reaction dynamics of the vibrationally excited nitrogen cation have been probed for reactions ... |
|
| Ion and Neutral Dynamics of Ceramic Materials Formation and Atmospheric Chemistry |
27 NOV 2000 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen R. Leone; Veronica M. Bierbaum; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER
|
| An ultrafast x-ray laser system and experimental apparatus have been fully constructed, calibrated and characterized. A titanium sapphire ultrafast laser is tightly focused into a rare gas jet, where high harmonics of the laser are created. A single harmonic can be isolated with a grazing-incidence grating and focused on to a gaseous sample to induce photoionization. Ejected electrons are energy analyzed using a magnetic bottle time-of-flight spectrometer. Harmonics up to ... |
|
| Quiet, Clean, Multi-fueled, Multi-kilowatt Thermophotovoltaic Generator |
20 OCT 2000 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Seal; WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV BELLINGHAM
|
| A stand-alone generator that is capable of producing one kWatt was developed during the contract period. Power to weight ratio has been improved from 10 Watts/K to 50 Watts/K. Exhaust emissions are less than 1 PPM HC and 300 PPM CO. NOx emissions are still high but a Rhodium or Rubidium flash coating on the metal recuperator surface should get below the 15 PPM target. The ... |
|
| 1999 Air Emissions Inventory for Malstrom Air Force Base, Montana |
OCT 2000 |
457 pages |
| Authors:
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT CINNCINATI OH
|
| Contractor conducted a comprehensive air emissions inventory (AEI) for calendar year 1999 at Malstrom AFB, MT. The intent was to provide a representative emission estimate. Actual and potential emissions were estimated for regulated pollutants. Emissions for each source were determined using the guidance provided in "Air Emissions Inventory Guidance Document for Stationary Sources at Air Force Installations", May 1999. AEI indicates that potential emissions from stationary sources exceed the major ... |
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| A Review of Laser Photofragmentation/Fragment Detection Techniques for Chemical Analysis of the Gas Phase |
SEP 2000 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Rosario C. Sausa; Joseph B. Simeonsson; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Laser photofragmentation/fragment detection techniques utilize one or multiple lasers for photolysis of the analyte species and spectroscopic detection of the characteristic photofragments. Fragment detection techniques include laser-induced fluorescence, photoionization, prompt emission, stimulated emission, and laser ionization recombination emission spectroscopies. Applications for chemical analysis of the gas phase has been performed by the detection of atomic and molecular fragments. Recent reports on photofragmentation/fragment detection ... |
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| Role of Nitric Oxide in MPTP Induced Dopaminergic Neuron |
SEP 2000 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Serge E. Przedborski; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK
|
| The oxidative stress hypothesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is thought to involve the superoxide radical and nitric oxide (NO). MPTP (1-methyl- 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) a meperidine analog, mimics most of the hallmarks of PD and is an important tool that is used to give insights into this debilitating disease. Previous evidence from our laboratory has shown that the superoxide radical is involved in the MPTP neurotoxic process. Herein, we ... |
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| Dynamics of Hypervelocity Collisions at the Gas/Surface Interface |
SEP 2000 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis C. Jacobs; NOTRE DAME UNIV IN
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| A series of hyperthermal energy, ion/surface scattering experiments were performed. These studies examined and characterized some of the many processes occurring in energetic gas/surface collisions. In the scattering of Ne+ on Si(001), the precise amount of momentum, transferred to the surface upon collision, was measured under various conditions. Models that incorporate image charge interactions and inelastic energy loss were successfully applied to simulate the data. The first measurement of atom ... |
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| PDF Modelling of Turbulent Combustion |
01 JUL 2000 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen B. Pope; CORNELL UNIV ITHACA NY DEPT OF MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
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| Significant progress was made in the application of PDF-based turbulent combustion models to the Sandia pilot-jet nonpremixed flames. These PDF calculations were described in two recent papers (Xu & Pope 2000 and Tang, Xu & Pope 2000) and they are summarized in this report. The first of these works showed that the PDF method is capable of describing, quantitatively, the phenomena of local extinction and reignition ... |
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| Nonpolluting Composites Repair and Remanufacturing for Military Applications: Formulation of Electron-Beam-Curable Resins with Enhanced Toughening |
JUL 2000 |
89 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce K. Fink; Steven H. McKnight; James M. Sands; Giuseppe R. Palmese; Urmish P. Dalal; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Polymer-matrix composite material and structural adhesive repair and manufacturing have significant environmental costs. These costs were recently documented based on current and anticipated future Department of Defense (DOD) use of these materials. The principal issues for reducing the environmental impact and its associated cost are (1) reduction in hazardous waste by eliminating shelf-life limitations, (2) reduction in nitrogen oxides by replacing global heating of ... |
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| Microwave Process for NOx Abatement |
22 JUN 2000 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
C. Y. Cha; C. T. Carlisle; J. D. Wander; CHA CORP LARAMIE WY
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| The CHA Corporation has completed an U.S. Air Force Phase II Small Business Innovation Research program to investigate the feasibility of using a novel microwave-based filter device to remove and destroy unwanted by-products of combustion in exhaust gases. A Corning ceramic monolith soot filter that has about 90% soot removal efficiency was placed in a housing that allowed for microwave regeneration. Two filters were installed ... |
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| New Triterpenoids for Prevention of Breast Cancer |
JUN 2000 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Sporn; DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVER NH
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| We have recently shown that the synthetic triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3,12- dioxooiean-l,9,-dien- 28-dc acid (CDDO) is a highly patent inhibitor of the proliferation of several ER- positive and ER-negative human breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, CDDO at nanomolar levels will block de nova synthesis of two inflammatory enzymes that have recently been implicated in the carcinogenic process, namely inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) . Current efforts are now ... |
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