| In Situ Studies of the Decomposition of Simulated Chemical Warfare Agents on Nanoparticle Catalysts |
04-Oct-2009 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
Donna A Chen; SOUTH CAROLINA UNIV COLUMBIA OFFICE OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS
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 | Over the course of this grant, three main projects were conducted in to gain a better understanding of the decomposition of sulfur and phosphorus-based chemical warfare agents. The first project involved studies of the thermally-activated decomposition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) on bimetallic Au-Pt clusters; one of the main problems with transition metal catalysts is that phosphorus is difficult to remove from the surface and poisons that catalyst for further reaction. ... |
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| A Large-Scale Quantitative Proteomic Approach To Identifying Sulfur Mustard-Induced Protein Phosphorylation Cascades |
31-Jul-2009 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Patrick A Everley; Dillman; James F III; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH DIVISION
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| Sulfur mustard [SM, bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide] is a potent alkylating agent and chemical weapon. While there are no effective treatments for SM-induced injury, current research focuses on understanding the molecular changes upon SM exposure. Indeed, efforts that seek a more comprehensive analysis of proteins and post-translational modifications are critical for understanding SM-induced toxicity on a more global scale. Furthermore, these studies can uncover proteins previously uncharacterized in SM-exposed cells, which in ... |
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| Evaporation Rates of Chemical Warfare Agents Measured Using 5 CM Wind Tunnels. 2. Munitions Grade Sulfur Mustard From Sand |
Jul-2009 |
184 pages |
| Authors:
H D Durst; Erin L Maloney; Christopher V Giannaras; Bruce E King; Joseph P Myers; Robert G Nickol; Seok H Hong; Kenneth B Sumpter; Carol A Brevett; John J Pence; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP GUNPOWDER MD
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| The evaporation of sulfur mustard from sand was studied as a function of temperature, drop size and air flow rate, using the same instrumentation as prior studies on glass. The evaporation rate increased with higher temperature, drop size, and wind speed; and an empirical equation was determined that would allow for the calculation of the evaporation rate given the environmental conditions. |
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| Development of Nanocrystalline Zeolite Materials for the Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents |
17-Nov-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Vicki H Grassian; S C Larsen; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| The main objective of this research is to use novel nanocrystalline zeolite materials synthesized in our laboratories for the decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWAs). A wide range of macroscopic and microscopic tools have been used to evaluate the chemistry of CWA simulants with nanocrystalline zeolite materials. In these studies, we have focused our attention on the decontamination of 2-CEES and DMMP, two simulants for mustard gas. We have used ... |
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| Evaporation Rates of Chemical Warfare Agents Using 5-CM Wind Tunnels I. CASARM Sulfur Mustard (HD) from Glass |
Oct-2008 |
187 pages |
| Authors:
John Pence; Aaron Flowers; Chris V Giannaras; Erin Maloney; Joseph P Myers; Robert G Nickol; Kenneth B Sumpter; Carol A Brevett; H D Durst; Bruce E King; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The evaporation of sulfur mustard (HD) from glass was studied as a function of temperature, drop size, and airflow rate. The evaporation rate was measured by collecting the HD vapor using thermal desorption tubes that were connected to the wind tunnel. The evaporation rate increased with higher temperature, drop size, and wind speed. Five different wind tunnels were used, and it was possible to fit all of the data generated ... |
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| Evaporation of HD Droplets From Nonporous, Inert Surfaces in TGA Microbalance Wind Tunnels |
Sep-2008 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth B Sumpter; Seok H Hong; Wendel J Shuely; Robert G Nickol; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
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| The environmental fate of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is important because the contact or vapor hazard is critical input for models used to support decisions on the level of individual protection at fixed sites. Two different microbalances, configured in a wind-tunnel geometry, were used to measure the evaporation and desorption rates from surfaces. The overall experimental design covers several neat and thickened agents and several material surfaces. The initial elements ... |
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| Methods of Advanced Wound Management for Care of Combined Traumatic and Chemical Warfare Injuries |
21-Jul-2008 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
John S Graham; Thomas P Logan; Travis W Gerlach; James P Bonar; Richard J Fugo; Robyn B Lee; Matthew A Coatsworth; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Chemical warfare agents are potential threats to military personnel and civilians. The potential for associated traumatic injuries is significant. Damage control surgery could expose medical personnel to agents contaminating the wounds. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate efficacy of surgical decontamination and assess exposure risk to attending personnel. Methods: Weanling pigs were randomly assigned to 2 of 4 debridement tools (scalpel, BovieR knife, Fugo BladeR , and VersajetTM ... |
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| Low Level Exposure to Sulfur Mustard: Development of a SOP for Analysis of Albumin Adducts and of a System for Non-Invasive Diagnosis on Skin |
AUG 2007 |
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| Authors:
Dann Noort; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
|
 | The research described in this report is focused on the development of methods for diagnosis of exposure to chemical agents. In Volume I, the development of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for diagnosis of exposure to sulfur mustard is described, based on mass spectrometric analysis of the sulfur mustard-adducted tripeptide (S-(2-hydroxylethylthioethyl)-Cys-Pro-Phe), derived from albumin. The SOP for the tripeptide adduct was successfully demonstrated to a scientist of USAMRICD. The method ... |
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| Environmental Impact on the Northern Persian Gulf: A Mine Drift and Chemical Spill Study Centered on Iraq's Oil Terminals using Navy's Ocean-Atmospheric Physical and Chemical Models |
MAR 2007 |
146 pages |
| Authors:
Charles L. Williams; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| An attack on, or chemical spill near, Iraq's Oil Terminals could have disastrous effects on Iraq's economy. The impacts from a drifting mine or chemical spill are highly dependent upon environmental conditions that can either adversely effect continued operations or hinder the safety of personnel. Operational Planners ability to create legitimate scenarios to train and combat these situations is key to continued safe operation of the terminals. To accomplish this, ... |
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| Noninvasive Methods for Determining Lesion Depth from Vesicant Exposure |
2007 |
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| Authors:
Ernest H. Braue Jr.; John S. Graham; Bryce F. Doxzon; Kelly A. Hanssen; Horace L. Lumpkin; Robert S. Stevenson; Robin R. Deckert; Stephen J. Dalal; Larry W. Mitcheltree; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Before sulfur mustard (HD) injuries can be effectively treated, assessment of lesion depth must occur. Accurate depth assessment is important because it dictates how aggressive treatment needs to be to minimize or prevent cosmetic and functional deficits. Depth of injury typically is assessed by physical examination. Diagnosing very superficial and very deep lesions is relatively easy for the experienced burn surgeon. Lesions of intermediate depth, however, are often problematic in ... |
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| Dynamic Nanocomposite Self-Deactivating Fabrics for the Individual and Collective Protection |
01 NOV 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Yongwoo Lee; Suneet Chadha; Andy Riecker; Ted Mendum; John P. Puglia; Vipin Rastogi; FOSTER-MILLER INC WALTHAM MA
|
| Chemical and Biological Defense (CBD) is of high Army and National military priority. Battlefield protective uniforms and shelters must simultaneously meet weight, bulk, durability, comfort and heat stress requirements for a combat configuration. The JSLIST Suit, first introduced in 1997, is a remarkable garment used by all branches of the U.S. military that meets many of these requirements. The current JSLIST suit is comprised of an outer shell that is ... |
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| Basic Operations Guide to the Analysis of Sulfur Using the Varian 3400 Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector (PFPD) |
NOV 2006 |
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| Authors:
Rachel Moore; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) HUMAN PROTECTION AND PERFORMANCE DIV
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| This step-by-step manual is intended to provide instructions for first-time users in the use and maintenance of the Varian 3400 Gas Chromatograph (GC) with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector (PFPD). The instructions are specific for the analysis of sulfur mustard (HD) in diethyl phthalate (DEP) and are not intended as an exhaustive reference and therefore do not provide any insight into the theory of the PFPD or gas chromatographic principles. The ... |
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| A Molecular Approach to Promote Wound Healing in the Sulfur Mustard-Exposed Human Keratinocyte Model |
NOV 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Hiroshi Ishida; Prabhati Ray; Radharaman Ray; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) produced by three major NO synthases (NOSs) is a pleiotrophic signaling molecule in various tissue under normal and pathological conditions. In the skin, increased NO synthesized by inducible NOS (iNOS/NOS2), a NOS isozyme, has been considered to have pivotal roles in the inflammatory response to heat, infection and wound healing. It has also been shown that iNOS regulates the expression of several biomarkers, including Regulated upon ... |
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| The Mustard Consortium's Elucidation of the Pathophysiology of Sulfur Mustard and Antidote Development |
SEP 2006 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Peter A. Ward; Milton G. Smith; Keith Crawford; William Stone; Salil Das; Alfred Sciuto; Dana Anderson; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The Mustards Consortium has utilized both in vivo and in vitro models simultaneously to continue to elucidate mustard gas pathophysiology. In previous work done by the MC it was found that CEES, the mustard analogue, induced oxidative stress and was its primary mechanism of action. Consequently, NAC (N-acetyl cystiene) was found to be protective as a prophylaxis and treatment. A combination of a water and fat soluble antioxidant encapsulated in ... |
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| Topical Application of Liposomal Antioxidant's for Protection Against CEES Induced Skin Damage |
01 JUL 2006 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
William L. Stone; Victor Paromov; Hongsong Yang; Min Qui; EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV JOHNSON CITY
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| The objective of this study is to develop an effective prophylactic therapy against an analog of mustard gas 2-chloroethylethyl sulfide (CEES). The therapy for CEES-induced skin damage will be based on the topical application of antioxidant liposomes. We will use EpiDerm cultured human skin tissues as well as cultured keratinocytes as working models. HD/CEES-induced pathophysiology involves oxidative stress. Liposomes containing both water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants are expected to be an ... |
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| Efficacy of DECON Green against VX Nerve and HD Mustard Simulants at Subfreezing Temperatures |
JUN 2006 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Charles M. Reynolds; David B. Ringelberg; Lawrence B. Perry; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The objective of these studies was to quantify the efficacy of DECON Green against the VX nerve agent simulant bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phosphite and the HD mustard agent simulant 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide when used below 0 C relative to DECON Green use above 0 C. The efficacy of the DECON Green formulations was tested at 4 , 5 and 15 C using both dermal transfer and mass balance approaches. Dermal ... |
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| Evaluation of Ahura's First Defender Handheld Chemical Identifer |
JAN 2006 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Robin L. Matthews; Kwok Y. Ong; Christopher D. Brown; Leyun Zhu; Kevin Knopp; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The handheld Raman spectrometer for point detection of chemicals developed by Ahura Corporation was tested using chemical warfare agents (CWAs). The device was assessed for its capacity to detect and identify liquid through sealed glass containers in a completely non-contact, non-destructive manner. The CWAs tested included the following: mustard (HD), nitrogen mustard (HN1 and HN3), VX, tabun (GA), sarin (GB), and lewisite (L). Detection characteristics were examined for neat agents, ... |
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| Evaluation of Ahura's Firstdefender Handheld Chemical Identifier |
JAN 2006 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Robin L. Matthews; Kwok Y. Ong; Christopher D. Brown; Leyun Zhu; Kevin Knopp; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The hand held Raman spectrometer for point detection of chemicals developed by Ahura Corporation was tested using chemical warfare agents (CWAs). The device was assessed for its capacity to detect and identify liquid through sealed glass containers in a completely non-contact, non-destructive manner. The CWAs tested included the following: mustard (HD), nitrogen mustard (HN1 and HN3), VX, tabun (GA), sarin (GB), and lewisite (L). Detection characteristics were examined for neat ... |
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| New Tools for Measurement of Personal Exposure to Chemical Environments |
2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Nicholas L. Abbott; WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON
|
| The primary objective of this research was to demonstrate principles based on the orientational behavior of liquid crystals at chemically functionalized surfaces for passive sensing of targeted toxic gases, including chemical warfare agents. Included in this research was the systematic study of the competitive interactions of thermotropic liquid crystals and P-, N- and S-containing compounds with surfaces presenting metal carboxylates. Emphasis was directed to developing principles that lead to highly ... |
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| NMR Analysis of Thiodiglycol Oxidation by Mammalian Alcohol Dehydrogenases |
2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Mark J. Novak; Alan A. Brimfield; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This unit describes a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based methodology for investigation of thiodiglycol (TDG; Fig. 4.20.1A) transformation by human and equine alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH). An ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) spectrophotometric method is also described in support of the NMR protocol. Its purpose is to initially indicate if TDG is actually a substrate for the various ADH isozymes before the more complicated NMR protocol is undertaken. Once verified spectrophotometrically that TDG ... |
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| Low Level Exposure to Sulfur Mustard: Development of a SOP for Analysis of Albumin Adducts and of a System for Non-Invasive Diagnosis on Skin |
DEC 2005 |
|
| Authors:
Daan Noort; PRINS MAURITS LABORATORIUM TNO RIJSWIJK (NETHERLANDS)
|
| Several methods for diagnosis of exposure to chemical warfare agents and other noxious compounds have been transferred to Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. 1) The modified Edman degradation of sulfur mustard-modified hemoglobin; 2) The method for diagnosis of exposure to Lewisite; 3) The method for diagnosis of exposure to phosgene In addition, a number of existing methods have been improved: 4) The albumin tripeptide assay for diagnosis of exposure ... |
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| Studies on Mustard-Stimulated Proteases and Inhibitors in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (HEK): Development of Antivesicant Drugs |
01 OCT 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Xiannu Jin; Radharaman Ray; Guang Xu; Prabhati Ray; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| In the cultured HEK model, we observed that mustard stimulates protease activity, and the epidermaldermal attachment protein laminin-5 is a substrate. Addition of serine protease inhibitors (50 M ICD 2812 or 1 mM phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF)), the metalloprotease inhibitor 1, 10- phenanthroline (1 mM), or the general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (benzyl oxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp (o-methyl-fluromethylketone), 10 M) to cells prior to mustard decreased the protease bands (zymography) and laminin-5 degradation ... |
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| Development of Medical Countermeasures to Sulfur Mustard Vesication |
17 AUG 2005 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
William J. Smith; Michael C. Babin; Robyn C. Kiser; Robert P. Casillas; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Sulfur mustard (HD) is an alkylating agent with cytotoxic, mutagenic and vesicating properties. It use on the battlefield results in debilitating injuries to skin, eyes and the respiratory system (1, 2). To elucidate the toxic sequelae that follow cutaneous exposure to HD, the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD) has undertaken a broad-based research program encompassing both intramural and extramural research. This report summarizes our current ... |
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| Burn Support for Operation Iraqi Freedom and Related Operations, 2003 to 2004 |
01-Apr-2005 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Mary-Margaret Brandt; Teresa M Buescher; Alfredo E Montalvo; Keith R Charter; Bernard J Kopchinski; David J Barillo; E E Horvath; Leopoldo C Cancio; John B Holcomb; Matthew L Brengman; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
|
| Thermal injury historically constitutes approximately 5% to 20% of conventional warfare casualties. This article reviews medical planning for burn care for the war in Iraq and experience with burns during the war at the U.S. Army Burn Center; aboard the USNS Comfort hospital ship; and at Combat Support Hospitals in Iraq and Afghanistan. Two burn surgeons were deployed to the military hospital in Landstuhl, Germany, and to the Gulf Region ... |
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| Combat Burn Life Support: A Military Burn-Education Program |
APR 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
David J. Barillo; Leopoldo C. Canclo; Brad G. Hutton; Paul J. Mittelsteadt; Glen E. Gueller; John B. Holcomb; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
|
| The Advanced Burn Life Support Course has been used to train military physicians and nurses for more than 16 years. Although% it useful for teaching the fundamentals of burn care, the course is designed for a civilian audience, covers only the first 24 hours of burn care, and presumes the availability of a burn center for patient transfer. In preparation for hostilities in Iraq, we developed several add-on modules to ... |
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| Domestic Preparedness Program: Phase 2 Sarin (GB) and Distilled Sulfur Mustard (HD) Vapor Challenge Testing of Commercial Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Facepieces |
MAR 2005 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Raymond R. Lins; Lee E. Campbell; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Results of performance testing of three types of commercial self- contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) facepieces are described. A series of tests were performed to determine sarin (GB) and distilled sulfur mustard (HD) vapor breakthrough of SCBA facepieces using manikin head form and simulated breathing. |
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| Dimethyl Sulfoxide Accelerates Mustard Gas-Induced Skin Pathology Journal of Medical Chemical, Biological and Radiological Defense |
2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
John P. Petrali; Tracey A. Hamilton; Betty J. Benton; Dana R. Anderson; Wesley Holmes; Robert K. Kan; Christina P. Tompkins; Radharaman Ray; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD DEPT OF PHARMACY
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| Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), when used as a percutaneous carrier or as a required solvent for drugs, may have modulating effects on drug mechanisms and untoward effects on subject tissues. In this collaborative study, anhydrous DMSO was used as a vehicle for peptide caspase inhibitors of sulfur mustard gas (HD)-induced apoptosis in hairless guinea pig skin. Results of the inhibition study are the subject of a companion report. In this present ... |
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| Domestic Preparedness Program: Sarin (GB) and Mustard (HD) Challenge and Protection Factor (PF) Testing of the Essex Plus 10 Escape Hood |
DEC 2004 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Lee E. Campbell; Adam D. Seiple; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| An escape hood was tested to assess its capability to protect in a chemical warfare (CW) agent environment. Sarin and mustard vapor tests were performed, and there were breakthroughs during the 65-min tests. The hood was also tested to assess its ability to protect the wearer from an aerosolized threat. Human test subjects donned the hoods and entered a corn oil aerosol chamber. Tests were halted due to subjects experiencing ... |
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| Non-Invasive Methods for Determining Lesion Depth from Vesicant Exposure |
17 NOV 2004 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Jr. Braue E. H.; J. S. Graham; B. F. Doxzon; K. A. Hanssen; H. L. Lumpkin; R. S. Stevenson; R. R. Deckert; S. J. Dalal; Larry W. Mitcheltree; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Before sulfur mustard injuries can be effectively treated, assessment of lesion depth must occur. Accurate depth assessment is important, because it dictates how aggressive treatment needs to be to minimize or prevent cosmetic and functional deficits. Depth of injury is typically assessed by physical examination. Diagnosing very superficial and very deep lesions is relatively easy for the experienced burn surgeon. Lesions of intermediate depth, however, are often problematic in determining ... |
|
| Highly Efficient Nonwoven CW Decontamination Wipe |
17 NOV 2004 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Utkarsh Sata; Senthil Chinnasami; Lohit Shastri; S. S. Ramkumar; TEXAS TECH UNIV LUBBOCK
|
| Novel Approach: Non-woven Technology. Research program utilizes needle-punching technology to develop chemical warfare protective substrates. Important characteristics for chemical protective substrates include: (1) Toxic chemical adsorption; (2) "Next-to-Skin" friendliness; (3) Breathability. Characteristics conflict with each other -- Non-woven technology could be the solution. |
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| Studies on Mustard-Stimulated Proteases and Inhibitors In Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (HEK): Development of Antivesicant Drugs |
16 NOV 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Xiannu Jin; Radharaman Ray; Guang Xu; Prabhati Ray; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Protease stimulation in HEK due to mustard (sulfur mustard, SM; nitrogen mustard, NM) exposure is well established. However, the specific protease(s) stimulated by mustard and the protease substrates remain to be determined. In this study, we observed that mustard stimulates several proteases, and the epidermal-dermal attachment protein laminin-5 is one of the substrates. In mustard-exposed skin, laminin-5 degradation results in the detachment of the epidermis from the dermis and, therefore, ... |
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| A Convenient Fluorometric Method to Study Sulfur Mustard-Induced Apoptosis in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Monolayer Microplate Culture |
16 NOV 2004 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Radharaman Ray; Stephanie Hauck; Rachel Kramer; Betty Benton; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Sulfur mustard (SM (bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide)), a vesicant, is a chemical warfare as well as a potential terrorism agent. SM-induced skin blistering is believed to be due to epidermal-dermal detachment as a result of epidermal basal cell death via apoptosis and/or necrosis. Regarding the role of apoptosis in SM pathology in animal skin, the results obtained in several laboratories, including ours, suggest the following: (a) cell death due to SM begins ... |
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| Reactions of Mustard on Concrete |
15 NOV 2004 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Carol A. Brevett; George W. Wagner; Kenneth B. Sumpter; Jeffrey S. Rice; Monica R. Hall; GEO-CENTERS INC ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The reactions of the blister agent mustard, (bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, HD) were monitored on concrete substrates. The CDCl3 extract of concrete monoliths was analyzed using both NMR and GC/MSD; the percent HD extracted depended upon its contact time with the concrete before extraction. Vinyl, hydroxyl, and sulfoxide products were detected. C SSMAS NMR measurements of HD* on the concrete substrates indicated a strong interaction between the HD* and the concrete that ... |
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| Domestic Preparedness Program: Sarin (GB) and Mustard (HD) Challenge and Protection Factor (PF) Testing of Escape Hoods, Draeger Defendair and Fume Free Quick Mask 2000 |
NOV 2004 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Lee E. Campbell; Adam D. Seiple; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Two escape hood designs (Draeger DefendAir and the Fume Free Quick Mask 2000) were tested to assess their capability to protect in a chemical warfare (CW) agent environment. Sarin and mustard vapor tests were performed on both types of hoods, and there were no breakthroughs during the 65-min tests. The hoods were also tested to assess their ability to protect the wearer from an aerosolized threat. Human test subjects donned ... |
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| Test Results of Air-Permeable Saratoga(Trademark) Hammer Suit to Challenge by Chemical Warfare Agents |
OCT 2004 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Elaina H. Harrison; Suzanne A. Procell; Michael J. Gooden; Adam D. Seiple; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Swatches from an air-permeable Tex-Shield SARATOGA(TM) Hammer Suit were challenged with liquid droplets of sarin (GB) and mustard (HI)) using modifications of the convective permeation test procedure described in TOP 8- 2- 501. The cumulative mass of each agent that permeated each swatch was determined over time. The results for all swatches were used to determine a weighted- average cumulative mass for the suit. From that data, a physiologically derived ... |
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| Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Determination of British Anti-Lewisite in Plasma |
AUG 2004 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
C. E. Byers; E. R. Holloway; W. D. Korte; J. R. Smith; E. D. Clarkson; G. E. Platoff; B. R. Capacio; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| British anti-Lewisite (BAL) (2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol) is a potential therapeutic compound when used against the effects of cutaneous sulfur mustard, and a method for its determination in plasma has been developed. BAL and the internal standard (IS) ethane dithiol were isolated from plasma samples through solid-phase extraction and then reacted with 1-pentafluoropropionylimidazole, forming stable pentafluoropropionyl derivates that are sensitive to gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. Examination of concentration versus peak-area ratios of the ... |
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| Demonstration/Validation of the TC-25 Donovan Blast Chamber, Porton Down, UK, Final Demonstration Test Report, April-September 2003 |
MAY 2004 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy A. Blades; Raymond DiBerardo; Gregory Misko; Neil McFarlene; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| In the FY2OO2 Defense Appropriations Bill, Congress mandated that the U.S. Army conduct a demonstration/validation test for using a transportable detonation chamber technology to dispose of recovered chemical warfare materiel. The TC-25 Donovan blast chamber (DBC) is a transportable system designed to contain the repeated detonations of up to 25 lb of TNT. The TC-25 DBC uses donor explosive charges to detonate the munition's shell, energetic components, and chemical fill. ... |
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| New Colloidal Systems with Practical Ramifications |
MAY 2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Fredric M. Menger; EMORY UNIV ATLANTA GA
|
| This Final Report begins with a description of two catalysts and one microemulsion that are effective decontamination systems for mustard and nerve agent simulants. It then describes new ester-modified surfactants synthesized in the hopes that they would provide enhanced solublilization power. In the process, a comparison was made between contiguous and segmented hydrophobicity, the first such comparison of its kind. Surfactants were found to differ in their cmc, foaming, area ... |
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| Hot Air Decontamination of the C-141 Aircraft Technology Development Program |
APR 2004 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Chris Mundis; Adam Judd; Gary Sickle; Gary Maclver; John Weimaster; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Hot Air Decontamination (HAD) is a process involving the elevation of temperatures, which accelerates the removal of chemical agents from materials without affecting their integrity. A preliminary feasibility study identified a relevant evaporation model. Results from this study formulated a two-phased technology development and testing effort. This program characterized evaporation of chemical agents from representative aircraft materials, and developed and demonstrated the effectiveness of a Hot Air System (HAS) to ... |
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| Sulfur Mustard- and Phosgene-Increased IL-8 in Human Small Airway Cell Cultures |
APR 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
F. M. Cowan; W. J. Smith; T. S. Moran; M. M. Paris; A. D. Williams; A. M. Sciuto; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Inflammation and edema are associated with respiratory and cutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) as well as with phosgene-induced lung injury. IL-8 is a key chemotactic inflammatory cytokine that recruits neutrophils and contributes to progression of acute lung injury caused by inhalation of these chemical agents. In the present study, human lung small airway cell (SAC) cultures were exposed to either SM 25 to 400 micrometers or phosgene 0.1 to ... |
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| An Inhibitor of p38 MAP Kinase Downregulates Cytokine Release Induced by Sulfur Mustard Exposure in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes |
2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
James F. Dillman III; Kriston L. McGary; John J. Schlager; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Sulfur mustard (2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide SM) is a potent alkylating agent that induces skin vessication after cutaneous exposure. Previous work has revealed that SM induces the production of inflammatory cytokines, including IL.8, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, in keratinocytes. The p38 MAP kinase (MAPKl4) signaling pathway is activated via phosphorylation in response to cellular stress and has been implicated in the upregulation of cytokines in response to stress. We investigated the role ... |
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| TNF-alpha Expression Patterns as Potential Molecular Biomarker for Human Skin Cells Exposed to Vesicant Chemical Warfare Agents: Sulfur Mustard (HD) and Lewisite (L) |
2004 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
C. M. Arroyo; D. L. Burman; D. W. Kahler; M. R. Nelson; C. M. Corun; J. J. Guzman; M. A. Smith; E. D. Purcell; Jr. Hackley B. E.; S. Soni; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Studies were conducted to examine the effect of two vesicant chemical warfare agents (VCWA), one of them an arsenical, on cytokine gene expression in normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cells. We tested 2,2'-dichlorethylsulfide (sulfur mustard, military designation HD) and 2,chlorovinyldichloroarsine (Lewisite, military designation L), which have significant differences in their chemical, physical, and toxicological properties. Human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (hTNF-alpha cytokine was detected by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a ... |
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| Biodegradation of Hydrolyzed Mustard from an Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment (ACWA) Projectile Washout Study |
DEC 2003 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A. Guelta; Laurie Fazekas-Carey; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
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| Prior Demonstration (Demo) I and Engineering Design Study (EDS) I testing conducted by the PM, Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment, validated biological treatment of a mixture of HD and tetrytol hydrolysates using Honeywell Immobilized Cell Bioreactor (ICB). The HD hydrolysate used in the previous tests was made from neat agent obtained from ton containers. Because the Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD), Pueblo, CO, stockpile consists of assembled munitions that contain liquid agent ... |
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| Effects of Prednisolone Acetate on Ocular Sulfur Mustard Injury in a Rabbit Model |
DEC 2003 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
C. Bossone; K. Newkirk; S. Schulz; R. Railer; M. Gazaway; M. Shutz; E. Clarkson; S. Estep; P. Subramarian; A. Castro; J. Clinkscales; B. Lukey; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Eye injury from HD (sulfur mustard) exposure continues to remain a threat to soldiers in the battlefield. This study was designed to explore the effects of Pred-Forte (prednisolone) in treating ocular HD injury. Sixteen female New Zealand White rabbits were exposed to 0.51 mg of undiluted HD as a liquid droplet. One group (n=8) received 2 drops of Pred-Forte into the eye every 10 minutes for the first 30 minutes ... |
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| Catalytic Oxidation of CW Agents Using H2O2 in Ionic Liquids |
19 NOV 2003 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
William M. Nelson; ILLINOIS WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE CENTER (WRMC) CHAMPAIGN ILLINOIS
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| Partial contents: Structures of ionic, Common Cationic Surfactants, Micelles to Micelles to Microemulsions, Microemulsion Formulations,Structures of HD, Structures of HD, VX, VX, GB, and GD, Decontamination of Decontamination of Mustard and Mustard and Phosphorous (V) Phosphorous (V) Esters, Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen carbonate with added carbonate, Hydrogen peroxide, bicarbonate, and Hydrogen peroxide, bicarbonate, and organic organic cosolvents cosolvents afford rapid, afford rapid, decontamination of CWA, Solubility in a Microemulsion vs glycol/water, ... |
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| Verification of Chemical Warfare Agent Exposure in Biomedical Samples using Mass Spectrometry |
19 NOV 2003 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
J.R. Smith; B.R. Capacio; W.D. Korte; M.T. DeLion; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| Partial contents: Technical Bulletin Medical 296 (TB MED 296), Human Exposure to OP Nerve Agents, Cholinesterase Inhibition TB MED 296, OP Hydrolysis Reactions, Analysis of OP Hydrolysis Compounds TB MED 296, Human Exposure to OP Nerve Agents, Analysis of Analysis of Phosphylated Proteins, Analysis of Phosphylated Plasma Proteins, Analysis of Phosphylated Tissue Proteins, Wednesday Poster Presentations, Human Exposure to Sulfur Mustard (HD), Analysis of an HD Hydrolysis Compound TB MED ... |
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| Monitoring Sulfur Mustard Exposure by the GC-MS Analysis of Thiodiglycol Cleaved from Blood Proteins |
18 NOV 2003 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
William D. Korte; J. R. Smith; Benedict R. Capacio; Michael DeLion; Dana R. Anderson; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| A GC-MS assay of thiodiglycol (TDG) released from blood protein adducts of sulfur mustard (SM) was developed. Exposure of pig blood to SM (24 nM to 400 nM) resulted in a SM concentration-dependent increase in plasma TDG levels from 2.0 pg/mg protein to 38 pg/mg protein. TDG levels in blood samples drawn from monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) after a 1.0 mg/kg intravenous SM injection decreased from 220 pg/mg to 10 pg/mg ... |
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| Fate of 2-Chloro Ethyl Ethyl Sulfide on 13X Molecular Sieve Adsorbent Implications for Regenerative Filtration |
17 NOV 2003 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Parham; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
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| Human Metabolism and Interactions of Deployment-Related Chemicals |
AUG 2003 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Ernest Hodgson; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
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| This study examines the human-metabolism and metabolic interactions of a subset of deployment-related chemicals, including chlorpyrifos, DEET, permethrin, pyridostigmine bromide, and sulfur mustard metabolites. Chiorpyrifos is metabolized by cytochiome P450 (CYP) isoforms with the ratio between activation and detoxication varying dramatically between different isoforms and polymorphisms. DEET is metabolized by several CYP isoforms while permethrin is first hydrolyzed then metabolized to phenozybenoic acid by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases. Pyridostigmine bromide ... |
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| Inhibitors of Apoptosis Affect DNA Degradation and Repair in Sulfur Mustard (HD)-Exposed Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (HEK) |
01-Jul-2003 |
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| Authors:
B J Benton; K R Bhat; E L Dierking; R Ray; LINCOLN UNIV PA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| In cultured HEK, we observed that HD (0.3-1.0 mM)-induced DNA damage triggers DNA repair and apoptosis, which may be interdependent. We studied the effects of a general caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD fmk (0.004 mM) and the Fas (CD95) receptor (induces apoptosis on Fas ligand binding) antibody on DNA damage and its repair in HD-exposed HEK. Both Z-VAD-fmk and the CD95 antibody reduced HD-induced DNA degradation possibly by decreasing DNA degradation or ... |
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