| A Comparison of Proximal Tibia and Proximal Humerus Infusion Rates of Plasma Under High Pressure Using the EZ IO Intraosseous Device in the Adult Swine (Sus scrofa) Hypovolemic Model |
10 Jan 2013 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Julio Lairet; Vikhyat Bebarta; AIR FORCE MEDICAL WING (59TH) WILFORD HALL AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTER LACKLAND AFB TX
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 | Purpose: Evaluate use of plasma admin via IO under pressure 300mmHg in proximal humerus and tibia, establish which IO sites reach higher flow rate, and eval for pulmonary fat emboli-FE post IO infusion. Method:2 groups of swine-16 each intubated and ventilated. Central venous and arterial lines placed; blood removed at rate of 2.15ml/min for 7min, then 1.15ml/min for 13min. Swine observed with no treatment for 1hr. EZIO needle inserted; plasma ... |
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| Neuroimmune Interactions, Low-Dose Sarin Inhalation, and Gulf War Syndrome |
Oct 2012 |
123 pages |
| Authors:
Mohan Sopori; LOVELACE BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST ALBUQUERQUE NM
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| After the Gulf War, many returning soldiers developed an unexplained set of symptoms termed the Gulf War Syndrome (GWS). The symptoms included neurological and respiratory problems. Many veterans were exposed repeatedly to organophosphates/carbamates, including pyridostigmine bromide (neostigmine bromide), organophosphate pesticides, and low-doses of nerve gas that inhibit acetylcholine esterase activity causing a surge in acetylcholine levels and possibly a cholinergic shock. Chronic lowdose exposure to cholinergic agents, such as the ... |
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| Collagen VI: A New Candidate Breast Cancer Marker Linked to Resistance to Platinum-Based Cancer Drugs |
Sep 2012 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Jiyoung Park; TEXAS UNIV SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL SCHOOL AT DALLAS
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| We have observed a dramatic increase of adipocyte-derived matrix protein collagen VI (COL6) level during cancer progression, particularly it relates to a discrete C-terminal domain of the alpha3 subunit of COL6. I have established 2 lines of transgenic mice which overproduce C- terminal domain, called C5, of the COL6A3 (COL6A3-C5) under the control of MMTV promoter and crossed with MMTV-PyMT mice to see the C5 effects on mammary tumor progression ... |
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| A Comparison of Proximal Tibia, Proximal Humerus and Distal Femur Infusion Rates of Blood Under High Pressure Using the EX IO Intraosseous Device in the Adult Swine (Sus scrofa) Hypovolemic Model |
25 Jul 2012 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Julio Lairet; Vikhyat Bebarta; AIR FORCE MEDICAL WING (59TH) WILFORD HALL AMBULATORY SURGICAL CENTER LACKLAND AFB TX
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| PURPOSE: Compare flow rates of blood administered through intraosseous (10) needle in proximal tibia and humerus, and distal femur under high pressure(300mmHg) in adult hypovolemic (sus scrofa). METHOD:3 groups of animals; 14 per group were intubated and ventilated. Central vein and arterial lines were placed, blood was removed until MAP is 50% of baseline. An EZIO needle was inserted. Blood was reinfused under pressure. Lung samples evaluated for signs offal ... |
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| F18 EF5 PET/CT Imaging in Patients with Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer |
Jul 2012 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Lilie Lin; PENNSYLVANIA UNIV PHILADELPHIA
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| The aim of this study is to estimate the degree of residual hypoxia after whole brain radiation therapy in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer as quantified by F18 EF5 PET/CT imaging. We enrolled two patients on this study who after completing radiation therapy were unable to complete the study as planned as they had progressive disease. One had progressive lung disease limiting her ability to lay supine for ... |
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| Microfluidic Flow Retardation Device for Tagless Cancer Cell Analysis for Metastatic Potential |
Jul 2012 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Rajan Kumar; GENOME DATA SYSTEMS INC TRENTON NJ
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| We developed a microfluidic device to detect surface protein expression in individual cancer cells in small cell populations without prior labeling. We used LM2 cells (kind gift of Juan Massague, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY), derived from murine lung metastases of MDA-MB-231 cells with a unique lung metastatic potential. We selected LM2 cells for 100% sustained expression of IL-13R 2 and cells without expression. We coated the channel with an ... |
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| Acute Lung Injury: Making the Injured Lung Perform Better and Rebuilding Healthy Lungs |
Jul 2012 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Alan Fine; BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER CORP MA
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| Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex condition associated with diffuse injury to the distal alveolar epithelial gas exchange surface, resulting in marked impairment in the ability to oxygenate blood. This condition commonly afflicts patients with cancer. In this regard, cancer patients are especially susceptible to developing ALI due to the immunosuppressive and toxic effects of chemotherapy and the debilitating effects of cancer. The over-arching goal of our application is ... |
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| Inhalation Anthrax (Ames aerosol) in Naive and Vaccinated New Zealand Rabbits: Characterizing the Spread of Bacteria from Lung Deposition to Bacteremia |
28 Jun 2012 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Bradford W Gutting; Tonya L Nichols; Stephen R Channel; Jeffery M Gearhart; George A Andrews; Alan E Berger; Ryan S Mackie; Brent J Watson; Sarah C Taft; Katie A Overheim; Robert L Sherwood; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN DIV VA
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| There is a need to better understand inhalational anthrax in relevant animal models. This understanding could aid risk assessment, help define therapeutic windows, and provide a better understanding of disease. The aim here was to characterize and quantify bacterial deposition and dissemination in rabbits following exposure to single high aerosol dose (100 LD50) of Bacillus anthracis (Ames) spores immediately following exposure through 36 h. The primary goal of collecting the ... |
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| Achieving Consistent Multiple Daily Low-Dose Bacillus anthracis Spore Inhalation Exposures in the Rabbit Model |
13 Jun 2012 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Roy E Barnewall; Jason E Comer; Brian D Miller; Bradford W Gutting; Daniel N Wolfe; Alison E Director-Myska; Tonya L Nichols; Sarah C Taft; NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN VA
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| Repeated low-level exposures to biological agents could occur before or after the remediation of an environmental release. This is especially true for persistent agents such as B. anthracis spores, the causative agent of anthrax. Studies were conducted to examine aerosol methods needed for consistent daily low aerosol concentrations to deliver a low- dose (less than 106 colony forming units (CFU) of B. anthracis spores) and included a pilot feasibility characterization ... |
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| A Novel Method for Inducing Therapeutic Hypothermia in a Swine Model of Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury with Associated Hemorrhagic Shock |
May 2012 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew M Kumar; MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER MN
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| The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rapidly induced hypothermia on neurological outcomes following fluid percussion injury in swine. A second objective was to test the safety and efficacy of inducing hypothermia through augmented heat extraction from the lungs using heliox and perfluorocarbon mist ventilation. The hypothermia device was built and bench tested. Brain temperatures in all hypothermic animals reached target (32-33 C) within 60 minutes. ... |
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| A Novel Differentiation Therapy Approach to Reduce the Metastatic Potential of Basal, Highly Metastatic, Triple-Negative Breast Cancers |
May 2012 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Isabel Chu; GENEVA FOUNDATION LAKEWOOD WA
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| Underlying mechanisms that account for the increased risk of aggressive, metastatic disease associated with basal type breast cancers compared to the more differentiated, luminal tumor subtype have not been well established. Our work demonstrates that the transcription factor GATA3, essential for luminal differentiation during mammary gland development, is sufficient to promote global changes in basal triple-negative breast cancer (BTNBC) cells resulting in both 1) reduced metastasis via LOX downregulation and ... |
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| Organ-Specific Blood Signatures for Host Response to Infections |
03 Apr 2012 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Leroy Hood; Kai Wang; Kathie-Anne Walters; Shawn Skerrett; Jeff Ranish; David Galas; Adrian Ozinsky; INSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY SEATTLE WA
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| The overall objective for this project was to discover and validate host molecular fingerprints that classify inhaled microbial (bacterial and viral) biothreat agents affecting the lung. Aerosol infection experiments were performed in mice and primates, and host biomarkers were identified in lung tissue and peripheral blood plasma that classify the identity of the infectious agents. Through extensive experiments in mice, biomarkers were identified that distinguish between different bacterial biothreat agents, ... |
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| The Toxicity of Inhaled Sulphur Mustard |
Mar 2012 |
347 pages |
| Authors:
John Jenner; DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LAB PORTON DOWN (UNITED KINGDOM) BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES DEPT
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| The overall objectives of the study were to understand the mechanism of action of sulfur mustard (HD) on the lung, and ultimately design therapeutic interventions to preserve pulmonary function and life. Under the previous contract (HDTRA 1-07-C-0027) a small proof of principle study investigated the toxicity of inhaled HD. Injury development was monitored in an anesthetized large white pig for 6 hours post exposure and identified dose dependent changes in ... |
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| Optimization of Intermittent Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposures by Duration of Oxygen Cycles |
Jan 2012 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Mikulas Chavko; Usmah Kawoos; Saleena Adeeb; Jason Lankasky; Charles R Auker; Richard M McCarron; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
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| Intermittency is routinely used as a protective strategy against CNS and pulmonary hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) toxicity, however exact mechanisms of protection are not known. This study was designed to optimize intermittent HBO2 exposures by variable duration of HBO2 cycles. |
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| Clinical Assessment of the Noise Immune Stethoscope aboard a U.S. Navy Carrier |
Nov 2011 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Steven J Gaydos; Carl E Long; Christine Maclan; Angelo Lucero; Alfred F Shwayhat; Amanda M Kelley; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
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| This study was conducted in support of advanced technology development for clinical auscultation in high noise environments. The diagnostic performance of the Noise Immune Stethoscope (NIS) was assessed by user-clinicians in a deployed environment. The NIS is a hybrid dual function stethoscope with both electromechanical acoustic (passive) and ultrasound Doppler (active) modes. Data were collected over a 7 month operational deployment by the medical department of a Nimitz-class aircraft carrier. ... |
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| Molecular Profiles for Lung Cancer Pathogenesis and Detection in US Veterans |
01 Oct 2011 |
52 pages |
| Authors:
Pierre Massion; VANDERBILT UNIV MEDICAL CENTER NASHVILLE TN
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| During our first year of research, we demonstrated a localized field cancerization phenomenon on gene expression in the airway of patients with lung cancer, and we identified several pathways preferentially activated in the airway adjacent to tumors. In addition, we have identified markers of stem cells in the airway that may represent tumor-initiating cells of the airway and are evaluating profiles of these cells. We have identified Snail as a ... |
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| Treatment of Shock With Adenosine Receptor Ligands |
Oct 2011 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Gyorgy Hasko; Alexey Trepakov; Balazs Csoka; Balazs Koscso; UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY OF NEW JERSEY NEWARK
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| The purpose of the studies conducted in the first reporting period was to begin to investigate the effect of pharmacologicstimulation of A2A or A2B adenosine receptors on trauma/hemorrhagic shock-induced organ injury in rats. The A2A receptoragonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethyl-amino-5'-N-ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine CGS21680 (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg)exacerbated organ injury when mixed into Ringer s Lactate resuscitation fluid, which was associated with a longlastinghypotensive effect of this agent. In contrast, the A2B receptor agonist BAY 60-6583 ... |
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| Analysis of Citalopram and Desmethylcitalopram in Postmortem Fluids and Tissues Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry |
Oct 2011 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Russell J Lewis; Mike K Angier; Robert D Johnson; Brittany M Rains; Sarik Nepal; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
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| Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is a commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. While the use of citalopram is relatively safe, certain side effects could negatively affect a pilot s performance and become a factor in an aviation accident. The side effects of this medication include nausea, tiredness, drowsiness, dizziness, and blurred vision. Due to ... |
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| Identification and Function of Ets Target Genes Involved in Lung Cancer Progression |
Oct 2011 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Hasmeena Kathuria; BOSTON UNIV MA
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| Ets proteins regulate expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis. In lung cancer, increased Ets1 expression is associated with poor prognosis. We hypothesized that Ets1 contributes to lung tumorigenesis by binding to specific promoters that control transcription of genes involved in EMT, such as Twist1. We used a mouse lung cancer model with metastasis driven by conditionally activated Kras and concurrent tumor suppressor Lkb1 loss (KrasG12D/Lkb1L/L model) and a similar model ... |
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| Novel Lung Cancer Model Mediated by Lentiviral Gene Delivery |
Oct 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Inder M Verma; SALK INST FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES LA JOLLA CA
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| Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world regarding to both incidence and mortality. It causes about 1.4 million deaths every year, which corresponds to almost one fourth of total cancer related deaths (1). To better understand the molecular mechanism of lung cancer and explore new therapies, good animal models that can faithfully recapitulate human disease is greatly needed. Recent whole genome sequencing data revealed at least 26 ... |
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| Incidence of Pulmonary Embolus in Combat Casualties With Extremity Amputations and Fractures |
Sep 2011 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Suzanne M Gillern; Forest R Sheppard; Korboi N Evans; J C Grayhill; Frederick A Gage; Jonathan A Forsberg; James R Dunne; Douglas K Tadaki; Eric A Elster; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
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| The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in casualties of wartime extremity wounds and specifically in casualties with a trauma-associated amputation. |
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| Immune-Mediated Eradication of Cancer Stem Cells via Polyspherex Microsphere-based Vaccination |
Sep 2011 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Lyse A Norian; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY
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| The prognosis for patients with metastatic breast cancer remains poor. Standard radio-and chemotherapies are effective against the majority of cells within solid tumors, but have little impact on the cancer stem cells (CSC) that perpetuate tumor growth. Many studies have implicated CSC as being critically involved in metastatic tumor spread. Thus, finding a way to specifically eradicate CSC could lead to protection from metastatic tumor progression. In this study, we ... |
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| Role of Cathepsin C During Breast Cancer Metastasis |
Sep 2011 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Brian Ruffell; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN FRANCISCO
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| The presence of some innate immune cell types in developing neoplasms provides a significant pro-tumor advantage. Myeloidlineage immune cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and immature myeloid-derived cells/monocytes, promote tumor development by exerting pro-tumor activities including activating angiogenic programs, suppressing anti-tumor immunity, and enhancing migratory and metastatic properties of malignant cells. We have now established in both murine models and human patients that exposure to neoadjuvant chemotherapy induces the recruitment ... |
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| Estrogen and the Dietary Phytoestrogen Resveratrol as Regulators of the Rho GTPase Rac in Breast Cancer Metastasis |
Sep 2011 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Suranganie Dharmawardhane; PUERTO RICO UNIV SAN JUAN
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| The hypothesis that estrogen and low concentrations of resveratrol promote breast cancer invasion and metastasis while high concentrations of resveratrol prevent breast cancer metastasis via regulation of Rac was tested. Results from Specific Aim 1 demonstrated that dependent on estrogen receptor (ER) status, E2 and resveratrol have differential effects on Rac activity, cell migration/invasion, and cell growth. Specific Aim 2, we tested the effect of resveratrol on mammary tumor growth ... |
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| Fibronectin Matrix Remodeling in the Regulation of the Inflammatory Response within the Lung: An Early Step in Lung Cancer Progression |
Sep 2011 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Paula J McKeown-Longo; Anthony Ambesi; Carol Horzempa; Aparna Prasad; ALBANY MEDICAL COLL NY
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| Changes in tissue mechanics as well as increased tissue inflammation have been identified as contributory factors to the development of malignancies. These pathologies are characterized by extensive remodeling of extracellular matrix and increased tissue rigidity. Recent studies have shown that increased tissue rigidity is associated with the unfolding of the Type III domains of extracellular matrix fibronectin. During the previous funding year, we have addressed the hypothesis that changes in ... |
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| Transgenerational Radiation Epigenetics |
Sep 2011 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher J Kemp; FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER SEATTLE WA
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| To examine the effect of early exposure to irradiation (IR) and to look for an epigenetic signature we have irradiated pregnant females at gestation day 15. Of the pups that were born, some were sacrificed at 10 weeks for preliminary epigenetic screening. Others were used as breeders for transgenerational studies and still others have been left to take when they develop lung tumors. We have nearly finished collecting tissue from ... |
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| Bacillus cereus G9241 Makes Anthrax Toxin and Capsule like Highly Virulent B. anthracis Ames but Behaves like Attenuated Toxigenic Nonencapsulated B. anthracis Sterne in Rabbits and Mice |
Aug 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Melissa K Wilson; James M Vergis; Farhang Alem; John R Palmer; Andrea M Keane-Myers; Trupti N Brahmbhatt; Christy L Ventura; Alison D O'Brien; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
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| Bacillus cereus G9241 was isolated from a welder with a pulmonary anthrax-like illness. The organism contains two megaplasmids, pBCXOl and pBC218. These plasmids are analogous to the Baci/11.1s anthracis Ames plasmids pXOl and pX02 that encode anthrax toxins and capsule, respectively. Here we evaluated the virulence of B. cereus G9241 as well as the contributions of pBCXOl and pBC218 to virulence. B. cereus G9241 was avirulent in New Zealand rabbits ... |
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| NF-kappaB Activity in Macrophages Determines Metastatic Potential of Breast Tumor Cells |
Aug 2011 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Fiona Yull; VANDERBILT UNIV MEDICAL CENTER ATLANTA GA
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| The contribution of NF-kappaB (NF-kB) signaling within macrophages to metastatic potential has not been directly investigated in vivo. We use novel transgenic models to address this question during breast to lung metastasis. Expression of an inhibitor (DN) or an activator (IKK) of NF-kB is induced by crossing either inducible transgenic with a second transgenic expressing the reverse transactivator (rtTA) protein in macrophages and administering doxycycline (dox) in drinking water. We ... |
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| Innovative Strategy for Treatment of Lung Cancer: Inhalatory Codelivery of Anticancer Drugs and siRNA for Suppression of Cellular Resistance |
Jul 2011 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Oleh Taratula; RUTGERS - THE STATE UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK NJ
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| One of the main reasons for the poor survival rates among patients with lung cancer is the limited efficiency of traditional chemotherapy. The conventional treatments use high doses of toxic anticancer drugs which often produce severe adverse side effects on healthy organs 1. Hence, an ideal anticancer therapy would involve the local administration of high drug concentration directly to the target tissue for the maximum treatment effect, limitation of drug ... |
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| VITAL: Vanguard Investigations of Therapeutic Approaches to Lung Cancer |
Jul 2011 |
619 pages |
| Authors:
Waun K Hong; Reuben Lotan; David Stewart; Edward Kim; Ignacio Wistuba; J J Lee; TEXAS UNIV SMITHVILLE MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER
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| The VITAL Research Program will provide a better understanding of the cellular and molecular processes that drive lung tumorigenesis so that an accurate risk model for recurrence and/or the development of the secondary primary tumor can be developed, and the biologic agents most effective in reducing these events in the group of high-risk patients can be identified. We will be incorporating retrospective clinical trial specimens to develop our risk model ... |
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| Acute Lung Injury: Making the Injured Lung Perform Better and Rebuilding Healthy Lungs |
Jul 2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Alan Fine; BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER CORP MA
|
| Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex syndrome characterized by diffuse injury to the alveolar epithelial surface resulting in a marked impairment in the ability to oxygenate blood. The goals of our application are to facilitate the rational development of ventilatory and cell based strategies to treat the ALI. As we have previously noted, ALI is associated with severe infections, exposure to toxins, trauma, and multiple blood transfusions; all of ... |
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| Microsporidiosis |
JUN 2011 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Ann Cali; Ronald C. Neafie; Peter M. Takvorian; RUTGERS - THE STATE UNIV NEWARK NJ
|
| Definition Microsporidiosis is infection by eukaryotic unicellular protists of the phylum Microsporidia. They are considered most closely related to the fungi, but customarily are discussed among the protozoa. Several genera of microsporidia have been identified in human infections: Nosema, Brachiola, Vittaforma, Pleistophora, Trachipleistophora, Enterocytozoon, Encephalitozoon, Septata, and Anncaliia All microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites, but pathologic changes vary with genus and species. In humans, infection may be latent or subclinical ... |
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| Trichomoniasis |
JUN 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mary K. Klassen-Fischer; Izzat S. Ali; INOVA CENTRAL LAB FAIRFAX VA
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| Trichomoniasis generally refers to infection of the genitourinary tract by the flagellate protozoon Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomoniasis also applies to infection of the intestinal tract by Trichomonas hominis (Pentatrichomonas hominis) and infection of the oral cavity by Trichomonas tenax (Trichomonas buccalis and Trichomonas elongata). Trichomonas hominis and T. tenax will be discussed separately at the end of this chapter, since both are usually considered nonpathogenic in humans. Unusual presentations of T. ... |
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| Participation of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells in the Formation of Tumor-Associated Stroma During Lung Cancer |
Jun 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Yongbaek Kim; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
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| Tumor-associated stroma is known to play a critical role in the formation and progression of lung tumors. This study was performed to evaluate the fate of bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) in the normal and neoplastic lung tissues. We have successfully established several experimental protocols which are critical to pursue the main objective. These include protocols for lung cancer development using adenovirus and conditional knockout mice. BMDCs isolation and culture ... |
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| SLC5A8-Mediated Switching of STAT3 from a Pro-Oncogenic Signal into a Pro-Apoptotic Signal in Breast Cancer |
Jun 2011 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Muthusamy Thangaraju; MEDICAL COLL OF GEORGIA AUGUSTA RESEARCH INST
|
| Overall our findings demonstrated that the novel tumor suppressor SLC5A8 is necessary to mediate the pro-apoptotic function of STAT3 in the normal mammary epithelial cells. To support our findings, we observed that the functional inactivation of SLC5A8 is associated with mammary gland involution delay, hyperplasia, and early onset of mammary tumorigenesis as well as accelerated lung metastasis. SLC5A8 associated tumor suppression is mainly linked to its effects of transporting the ... |
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| T-Cell Gene Therapy to Eradicate Disseminated Breast Cancers |
May 2011 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Junghans; ROGER WILLIAMS MEDICAL CENTER PROVIDENCE RI
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| This Aim applies a randomization of 12 subjects to -IL2 or +IL2 arms at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or maximum practical dose (MPD) of designer T cells under a Phase Ib design. This will test the optimal biologic dose (OBD) in terms of the benefit of IL2 to T cell persistence and activity in vivo. There were three dose levels in the original Phase Ia: 109, 1010 and 1011 ... |
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| T-Cell Gene Therapy to Eradicate Disseminated Breast Cancers |
May 2011 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Richard Junghans; ROGER WILLIAMS MEDICAL CENTER PROVIDENCE RI
|
| This Aim applies a randomization of 12 subjects to IL2 or +IL2 arms at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or maximum practical dose (MPD) of designer T cells under a Phase Ib design. This will test the optimal biologic dose (OBD) in terms of the benefit of IL2 to T cell persistence and activity in vivo. There were three dose levels in the original Phase Ia: 109, 1010 and 1011 ... |
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| Oxidative Lung Injury in Virus-Induced Wheezing |
May 2011 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Roberto P Garofalo; TEXAS UNIV AT GALVESTON
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| This project focuses on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the single most important pathogen causing acute respiratory-tract infections in children. RSV infections are a major precipitating factor of wheezing in asthmatic children, and they have been linked to both the development and the severity of asthma. Our group has established a multidisciplinary and highly integrated pre-clinical and translational research program that focuses on the role of oxidative injury in the pathogenesis ... |
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| Evaluation of Thoracic Injury in Swine Model with a Noise Immune Stethoscope |
APR 2011 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Alaistair Bushby; Eric J. Ansorge; Keith Berry; Victoria Reeves; Gary Muniz; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
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| Auscultation of heart and lung sounds is an important component of casualty triage, and military health care providers rely on this in order to manage an airway and to provide life saving interventions. This study evaluated the feasibility and sensitivity of a newly developed electronic stethoscope concept based on both enhanced acoustic isolation technology and on the application of a Doppler sensor (2 to 3 MHz) insensitive to noise audible ... |
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| Antioxidant Micronutrients: Therapeutic Counter Measures for Chemical Agents |
Mar 2011 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Kedar Prasad; PREMIER MICRONUTRIENT CORP NOVATO CA ANTIOXIDANT RESEARCH INST
|
| The results of the first phase of HD study suggested that exposure to HD increased lung damage in rats by increasing the levels of oxidative damage and pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas antioxidant treatment before HD exposure reduced lung damage by decreasing the levels of oxidative damage and inflammation. Among antioxidants, plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol were the most reliable indicator of antioxidant consumption. However, careful analysis of data revealed some problems that ... |
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| Novel Pharmacological Approaches for Treatment of Neurotoxicity Induced by Chronic Exposure to Depleted Uranium |
Mar 2011 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen D Lasley; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO
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| The chemical properties and high density of depleted uranium (DU) render the metal well suited for military purposes. The U. S. Army utilizes DU for tank armor and in munitions, deployed such weapons in the first Gulf War, and is currently deploying them in Afghanistan. However, knowledge of DU neurotoxicity and its treatment is lacking despite reports of exposed cohorts exhibiting neurocognitive dysfunction (1). Research in chronically exposed rats has ... |
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| Pathological Studies on the Protective Effect of a Macrolide Antibiotic, Roxithromycin, against Sulfur Mustard Inhalation Toxicity in a Rat Model |
Jan 2011 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Xiugong Gao; Dana R Anderson; Ammon W Brown; Hsiuling Lin; Jack Amnuaysirikul; Aileen L Chua; Wesley W Holmes; Prabhati Ray; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
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| Macrolide antibiotics have been shown to protect airway epithelial cells and macrophages from sulfur mustard (SM)-induced cytotoxicity. In the current study, the efficacy of roxithromycin in ameliorating SM-induced respiratory injury was further evaluated in a rat model. Anesthetized rats (N = 8/group) were intratracheally exposed to SM by vapor inhalation. For the drug treatment groups, rats were orally given 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg roxithromycin one hr prior to exposure ... |
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| Imaging the Lung Under Pressure |
30 SEP 2010 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Peter L. Tyack; Andreas Fahlman; Michael Moore; Darlene Ketten; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Our main objective was to determine the elasticity (compliance) of the lower (alveoli) and upper (trachea and bronchi) respiratory system in marine mammals (seal and dolphin). A number of measurements will be used to estimate volumes of the respiratory system in deceased marine mammals at varying pressures (depths). We hypothesized that the anatomical differences in the respiratory system in different species would result in volume differences at equivalent conditions. Differences ... |
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| Role Of Cathepsin C During Breast Cancer Metastasis |
SEP 2010 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Brian Ruffell; SAN FRANCISCO UNIV CA
|
| The presence of some innate immune cell types in developing neoplasms provides a significant pro-tumor advantage. Myeloidlineage immune cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and immature myeloid-derived cells/monocytes, promote tumor development by exerting pro-tumor activities including activating angiogenic programs, suppressing anti-tumor immunity, and enhancing migratory and metastatic properties of malignant cells. Cathepsin C (CTSC) is a lysosomal cysteineclass hydrolase expressed in most mammalian tissues. In myeloid cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes, ... |
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| Investigating the Role of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxgenase (IDO) in Breast Cancer Metastasis |
SEP 2010 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Courtney Smith; LANKENAU INST OF MEDICAL RESEARCH WYNNEWOOD PA
|
| IDO1 is a tryptophan catabolizing enzyme known to support primary tumor outgrowth through immune suppression though there is little data addressing its role in metastasis, an important aspect of tumor malignancy. Tumors formed by orthotopic engraftment of the malignant 4T1 breast carcinoma cell line exhibit metastatic spread to organs similar to that seen in human breast cancer with pulmonary metastases being the primary cause of mortality in this model. To ... |
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| Characterization and Cytotoxic Assessment of Ballistic Aerosol Particulates for Tungsten Alloy Penetrators into Steel Target Plates |
26 AUG 2010 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Brenda I. Machado; Lawrence E. Murr; Raquel M. Suro; Sara M. Gaytan; Diana A. Ramirez; Kristine M. Garza; Brian E. Schuster; TEXAS UNIV AT EL PASO DEPT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING
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| The nature and constituents of ballistic aerosol created by kinetic energy penetrator rods of tungsten heavy alloys (W-Fe-Ni and W-Fe-Co) perforating steel target plates was characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These aerosol regimes, which can occur in closed, armored military vehicle penetration, are of concern for potential health effects, especially as a consequence of being inhaled. In a controlled volume containing 10 equispaced steel target plates, particulates were ... |
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| NF-kappaB Activity in Macrophages Determines Metastatic Potential of Breast Tumor Cells |
AUG 2010 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Fiona Yull; VANDERBILT UNIV NASHVILLE TN
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| Both macrophages and NF-kappaB (NF-alpha B) signaling are known to be important in mammary tumorigenesis. However, the contribution of NF-alpha B signaling within the macrophages to metastatic potential has not been directly investigated in vivo. We proposed to use transgenic models in a novel combination to address this critically important question related to breast to lung metastasis. Expression of an inhibitor (DN) or an activator (IKK) of NF-alpha B can ... |
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| Identifying the Mechanism(s) Responsible for the Translational Regulation of the Stress Signaling Kinase MKK4 |
Aug 2010 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Carrie Rinker-Schaeffer; CHICAGO UNIV IL
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| We recently demonstrated that the endogenous level of MKK4 is regulated post-transcriptionally in prostate cancer cell lines. Using WI-38 lung fibroblasts (WI-38 cells), which increase their MKK4 expression as they undergo senescence, we showed that a cohort of four miRNAs (miRs-15b, -24, -25, -141) decreased as the cells senesce. Treating WI-38 cells with precursor miRNAs (pre-miRs) to all four target miRNAs together but not individually, led to a significant decrease ... |
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| Decompression from Saturation Using Oxygen: Its Effect on DCS and RNA in Large Swine |
Jan 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Nina Malkevich; Richard M McCarron; Richard T Mahon; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
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| The use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) to expedite decompression from saturation has not been proven and may increase risk of toxicity to the pulmonary system. To evaluate any benefit of HBO during decompression, we used a 70-kg swine model of saturation and examined lung tissue by microarray analysis for evidence of RNA regulation. Methods: Unrestrained, non-sedated swine were compressed to 132 fsw (5 ATA) for 22 h to achieve saturation. ... |
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| Onboard SPECT for Localizing Functional and Molecular Targets in Metastatic Breast Cancer |
Jul-2009 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Justin R Roper; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
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| The overall goal of this work is to assess the feasibility of using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for imaging inside radiation therapy treatment rooms to localize functional & molecular targets associated with metastatic breast cancer. A computer simulation was performed using a female NCAT phantom that had various tumor diameters and uptake ratios located in bone, chest wall and lung. SPECT scans were simulated for an anterior half-circular ... |
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