| Ecological Soil Screening Levels for Plants Exposed to Tnt: Supporting Range Sustainability for Training and Testing |
01-Nov-2006 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Simini; Ronald T Checkai; Jan E Kolakowski; Roman G Kuperman; Carlton T Phillips; Carl W Kumas; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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 | Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSL) are those screening concentrations of chemicals in soil that present an acceptable risk to ecological receptors. We investigated the ecotoxicity of TNT to the plant species alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Japanese millet (Echinochloa crusgalli L. (Beauv.)), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in five natural soils: Sassafras sandy loam (SSL), Teller sandy loam (TSL), Richfield clay loam (RCL), Kirkland clay loam (KCL), and Webster clay ... |
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| Ecological Soil Screening Levels For Invertebrates at Explosives-Contaminated Sites: Supporting Sustainability of Army Testing and Training |
NOV 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Roman G. Kuperman; Ronald T. Checkai; Michael Simini; Carlton T. Phillips; Jan E. Kolakowski; Nancy A. Chester; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The Army Strategy for the Environment applies an ecosystem approach to managing natural resources on Army installations. It incorporates the principles of sustainability across the Army into all functional areas. We conducted investigations to develop critical environmental data required for successful management of Army installations in a sustainable manner, and for the knowledge-based decision making. Assessment and protection of the terrestrial environment at Army installations can be advanced by developing ... |
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| Toxicity of a New Polynitramine Energetic Material, CL-20, to the Enchytraeid Worm, Enchytraeus Crypticus, in a Sandy Loam Soil |
AUG 2006 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Roman G. Kuperman; Ronald T. Checkai; Michael Simini; Carlton T. Phillips; J. S. Anthony; Jan E. Kolakowski; Carl W. Kurnas; Emily A. Davis; DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF DEFENSE RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING ARLINGTON VA STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
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| In this report, the toxicity of polynitramine energetic material, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), to the soil invertebrate species, Enchytraeus crypticus, was investigated using the Enchytraeid Reproduction Test. The study was designed to develop eco-toxicological benchmark values for the ecological risk assessment of the potential impacts of the accidental release of this compound into the environment. Tests were conducted in Sassafras Sandy Loam soil, which supports the relatively high bio-availability of CL-20. Weathering ... |
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| Effect of Simulated Weathering and Aging of TNT in Amended Sandy Loam Soil on Toxicity to the Enchytraeid Worm, Enchytreaeus Crypticus |
MAY 2006 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Roman G. Kuperman; Ronald T. Checkai; Michael Simini; Carlton T. Phillips; Jan E. Kolakowski; Carl W. Kurnas; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
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| The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is developing Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs) for the ecological risk assessment of contaminants at Superfund sites. Insufficient information for TNT to generate Eco-SSL for soil invertebrates has necessitated standardized toxicity testing to fill the data gap. In these studies, the Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (ISO/16387:2001) was adapted for use with Enchytraeus crypticus. Tests were conducted in Sassafras sandy loam soil, which supports relatively high bioavailability ... |
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| Assessing TNT Toxicity on Soils With Contrasting Characteristics Using Soil Invertebrate Toxicity Tests |
DEC 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Simini; Ronald T. Checkai; Roman G. Kuperman; Carlton T. Phillips; Jan E. Kolakowski; Carl W. Kurnas; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| We investigated the toxicity of 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT) to earthworm (Eisenia fetida), potworm (Enchytraeus crypticus), and springtail (Folsomia candida) in five natural soils: Sassafras sandy loam (SSL), Teller sandy loam (TSL), Richfield clay loam (RCL), Kirkland clay loam (KCL), and Webster clay loam (WCL). According to Ecological Soil Screening Level (Eco-SSL) criteria (USEPA 2003), relative bioavailability scores for organic chemicals in these soils were rated "high" for SSL and TSL, ... |
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| Assessing the Effect of Humic Acids on Germinating a Native American Plant |
OCT 2004 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Senesi Nicola; UNIVERSITA DI BARI (ITALY)
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| Slickspot peppergrass (Lepidium papilliferum) is a reported rare ephemeral endemic plant found in the United States in Southwest Idaho's high desert (Idaho Natural Heritage Program). The main objective of this research was to identifying and evaluating the effects of several naturally occurring humic acids (HAs) in Idaho soils on seed germination and seedling early-growth of slickspot peppergrass, and their possible relations to the compositional, structural and functional characteristics of humic ... |
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| Toxicity of Nitro-Heterocyclic and Nitroaromatic Energetic Materials to Enchytraeid Worm.Enchytraeus Crypticus in a Natural Sandy Loam Soil |
MAR 2004 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Roman G. Kuperman; Ronald T. Checkai; Michael Simini; Carlton T. Phillips; Jan E. Kolakowski; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
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| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is developing Ecological Soil Screening Level (Eco-SSL) values for ecological risk assessment of contaminants at Superfind sites. Insufficient information for RDX, HMX, 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, and TNB to generate Eco-SSLs necessitated standardized toxicity testing to fill the data gaps. The Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (ISO/16387:2001) was adapted using Enchytraeus crypticus in these studies. Tests were conducted in Sassafras sandy loam soil, which supports relatively high bioavailability of energetic ... |
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| Toxicity Assessments of Antimony, Barium, Beryllium, and Manganese for Development of Ecological Soil Screening Levels (ECO-SSL) Using Earthworm (Eisenia Fetida) Benchmark Values |
NOV 2002 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Simini; Ronald T. Checkai; Roman G. Kuperman; Carlton T. Phillips; Jason A. Speicher; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), in a collaborative effort with other Federal agencies, states, and private industry, is developing Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSLs) for ecological risk assessment of contaminants at Superfund sites. Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) cocoon production and survival tests were conducted in a Sassafras sandy loam soil that supports relatively high bioavailability of barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), manganese (Mn), and antimony (Sb). For the metals tested, cocoon ... |
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| Toxicity Assessments of Antimony, Barium, Beryllium, and Manganese for Development of Ecological Soil Screening Levels (ECO-SSL) Using Enchytraeid Reproduction Benchmark Values |
NOV 2002 |
86 pages |
| Authors:
Roman G. Kuperman; Ronald T. Checkai; Canton T. Phillips; Michael Simini; Jason A. Speicher; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is developing Ecological Soil Screening Level (Eco-SSL) benchmarks for ecological risk assessment of contaminants at Superfund sites. Benchmarks for invertebrates Were developed from existing literature. Insufficient information for Ba, Be, Mn, and Sb to generate Eco-SSLs necessitated standardized toxicity testing to fill the data gaps. We used the Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (ERT) with Enchytraeus crypticus in this study. This test was selected on the bases ... |
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| An Investigation of the Adsorption and Desorption Capacities of Bojac Sandy Loam Soil from the Eastern Shore of Virginia |
19 AUG 1999 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Carrie A. Biehn; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST BLACKSBURG
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| Due to the deteriorated water quality seen in the local estuaries of the Eastern Shore in Virginia a study was performed by Virginia Tech to study the causes of this problem. Copper-based protectants are used by tomato farmers on the Eastern Shore of Virginia to primarily fight fungi and bacteria. When runoff occurs, the copper is washed from the plants and fields to the ... |
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| Hydrologic Data at a Wetland Site, Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, June 1993 Through June 1994 |
1996 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Robinson; Timothy H. Diehl; Sr. Stogner Robert W.; GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON DC
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| Hydrologic data at a wetland site, near Millington, Shelby County, Tennessee, were collected from June 1993 through June 1994. The data were collected to support efforts by the Tennessee Department of Transportation in characterizing hydrologic properties at the site prior to wetland restoration. The study site is located along the Big Creek Drainage Canal and includes about 370 acres. Soils include somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained silt loams. Water ... |
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| The Fate and Behavior of Lead Alkyls in the Subsurface Environment |
NOV 95 |
122 pages |
| Authors:
R. S. Mansell; L. Ou; R. D. Rhue; Y. Ouyang; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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| The transformation and sorption properties of lead (Pb) alkyls in the subsurface were determined to assist the Air Force in predicting the migration of, and risks associated with, Pb alkyls in soil and groundwater. Studies included Pb alkyl sorption/desorption in representative soils; sorption and degradation in soils of tetraethyl lead (TEL) in hexane and microemulsion phases; fate and transport of TEL in water-saturated sand and loam soil columns; fate and ... |
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| Growth Condition of an Ice Layer in Freezing Soils Under Applied Loads: 1. Experiment |
NOV 93 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Kazuo Takeda; Yoshisuke Nakano; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| A series of freezing tests on Kanto loam were conducted under various overburden pressures to find the steady growth condition of a segregated ice layer. The steady growth condition was found to be determined by the absolute value of the temperature gradient of the unfrozen part of the soil a sub u near the 0 deg C isotherm and that of the frozen part of the soil alpha sub f ... |
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| Agricultural Uses of Yazoo River Dredged Material. Report 1. Cotton Production on Dredged Material in a Thick-Layer Confined Disposal Facility |
JUL 93 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A. Price; Paul R. Schroeder; Larry E. Banks; Johnny G. Sanders; David R. Johnson; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| The use of Yazoo River dredged material for improving farmland considered marginal for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production was studied as an alternative to thick-layer confinement methods. The thick-layer confinement methods were not well received by landowners along the Yazoo River because of the loss of productive farmland by placement of confined disposal facilities (CDF) and lack of agricultural benefit. Disposal of Yazoo River dredged material in a shallow layer ... |
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| Promoting Late-Fall Establishment of Tall Fescue with Soil Covers |
JUN 93 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Antonio J. Palazzo; Ronald N. Bailey; Carl Diener; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| Turfgrass seedings frequently have been sown in the late fall, which usually results in a poor vegetative stand the following spring. This study evaluated the effects of a spun-bonded polypropylene soil cover placed over a late-fall seeding on subsequent seedling growth and overwintering. Clemfine, Mustang, Rebel and Rebel II cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were sown on a silt loam soil in late fall (on 17 October in ... |
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| Effectiveness and Variability of Digestion Procedures for Zinc Determination in Aged, Contaminated Soils |
AUG 92 |
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| Authors:
Charles M. Reynolds; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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 | Owing to the numerous advantages provided by microwave digestion, regulatory agencies are recognizing its value, yet most reported comparisons of microwave digestions with other accepted methods have used ores, laboratory- spiked soils, or soils with unexceptional, rather than elevated, metal concentrations. Objectives of this research included evaluating microwave digestion for routine laboratory use and comparing microwave, block digester, and hot-plate soil digestion techniques for determining zinc in aged, zinc- contaminated ... |
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| New Soil Stabilizer from the Combination of Industrial Wastes, |
MAR 1992 |
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| Authors:
M. Kamon; KYOTO UNIV (JAPAN) DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
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| This paper describes a potential partial utilization of certain types of sludgy industrial waste, using a geotechnical engineering viewpoint. The primary objective is to investigate the potential for burning various industrial wastes combined with lime, in certain proportions, to produce a by-product having hardening characteristics similar to ordinary portland cement (OPC). The potential for using this new cement-like stabilizer (NCS) for stabilizing loam soil is then examined. It is found ... |
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| Environmental Impact Research Program and Defense Natural Resources Program: Maximilian Sunflower (Helianthus maximiliani), Section 7.4.3, US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual |
FEB 92 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Donald R. Dietz; Clinton H. Wasser; Phillip L. Dittberner; Chester O. Martin; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| A plant materials report on Maximilian sunflower (Helianthus maximiliani) is provided as Section 7.4.3 of the US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual. The report was prepared as a guide to assist the project biologist/natural resources manager with the selection, establishment, an management of appropriate plant materials for wildlife and habitat development programs. Major topics covered are description, distribution, habitat requirements, wildlife value, establishment, maintenance, and cautions and ... |
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| Method for Screening and Analysis of Residues Common to Munition Open Burning/Open Detonation (OB/OD) Sites |
1992 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
M. A. Major; R. T. Checkai; C. T. Phillips; R. S. Wentsel; R. O. Nwanguma; ARMY BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LAB FORT DETRICK MD
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| Procedures are presented for qualitative screening and subsequent quantitation of residues of explosives and related compounds found at sites contaminated by open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) disposal of munitions. Methods are reported for recovery of explosives and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil via sonic extraction into acetonitrile: and explosives from water via trapping onto C18 disposable cartridges. Complimentary HPLC procedures were used for identification and quantification of these compounds. A ... |
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| The Validation and Application of a Bistatic Two-Scale of Surface Roughness Scattering Model |
NOV 88 |
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| Authors:
Robert J. Papa; Margaret B. Woodworth; ROME AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER GRIFFISS AFB NY
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| Bistatic configurations are being considered in several modern surveillance radar concepts. This introduces new clutter and target scattering cross section representations as a result of the more complex geometry. In this report three bistatic clutter topics are addressed. First, a bistatic two-scale of roughness terrain scattering model is validated by comparison with data. Second, the contributions from each roughness level are evaluated as a function of the scattering angle regimes. ... |
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| Soil Sorption and Plant Uptake of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene |
SEP 88 |
183 pages |
| Authors:
Judith C. Pennington; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
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| Potential environmental hazards are posed by the presence of 2,4,6- Trinitrotoluene (TNT) contamination in soils of US Army Ammunition Plants (AAPs) . Adsorption and desorption studies were conducted on soil samples collected from 13 AAPs. Soils were found to be primarily silt loams, low in organic carbon. TNT reached a steady state of adsorption with test soils within 2 hr of contact. Desorption also reached steady state within 2 hr ... |
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| Tracked-Vehicle Soft-Soil Mobility |
01 JUN 87 |
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| Authors:
ARMY COMBAT SYSTEMS TEST ACTIVITY ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| This document describes testing procedures required to assess comparative soft-soil mobility characteristics of tracked vehicles. Whereas operation over hard surfaces is normally not a mobility problem, off-road operation over soft terrain (such as sand, loam, mud, snow and swamps) usually does create locomotion difficulties of varying degrees. In a comparative sense, test-vehicle performance is quantified for soft-soil crossing capability in order to determine the most efficient track, suspension, and hull ... |
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| Natural Electrical Potentials That Arise When Soils Freeze |
JUN 86 |
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| Authors:
I. G. Yarkin; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| Samples of sand, kaolin, bentonite, and loam were frozen from the top downward in cylinders 10 to 12 cm high and 7 cm in diameter. During the freezing process electrical potentials of up to 300 mV were measured between platinum electrodes placed near the ends of the samples. The mechanism that gives rise to these potentials and the effect of soil type and fineness, moisture content, and moisture migration are ... |
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| In-Situ Biological Degradation Test at Kelly Air Force Base. Volume 1. Site Characterization, Laboratory Studies and Treatment System Design and Installation |
APR 86 |
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| Authors:
Roger S. Wetzel; Connie M. Durst; Philip A. Spooner; William D. Ellis; Douglas J. Sarno; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP MCLEAN VA
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| In situ biological degradation involves stimulation of the indigenous subsurface microbial population, by the addition of nutrients and an oxygen source (hydrogen peroxide), in order to promote degradation of organic contaminants present in soils and groundwater. The site selected for the demonstration of in situ biodegradation contains a mixture of inorganic and organic contaminants including electroplating wastes, chlorinated solvents, cresols, and chlorobenzenes. The soils are classified as gravelly clay loams ... |
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| Measurement of Soil Properties in Dryland and Wetland Conditions, |
AUG 1984 |
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| Authors:
D. Gee-Clough; M. A. Sargana; ASIAN INST OF TECH BANGKOK (THAILAND)
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| The effect of deformation rate on cone index value, plate sinkage parameters, cohesion and internal friction angle was measured in a dry, sandy loam soil and in a saturated, puddled clay soil. The effect on normal pressure on calculated values of cohesion and internal friction angle in the sandy loam soil was also investigated. Deformation rate did not greatly affect any of the soil properties in the sandy loam soil ... |
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| Vegetative Cover Effects on Soil Spectral Reflectance |
MAR 1982 |
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| Authors:
Melvin B. Satterwhite; Ponder Henley; Miklos Treiber; ARMY ENGINEER TOPOGRAPHIC LABS FORT BELVOIR VA
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| The reflectance characteristics in the 400 to 1100 nm region of two different soil types and the effect of varying vegetative cover on each are described. The spectral reflectance of the test sites was proportional to the cover and highly dependent on soil color. A cover of 24-35 percent was required to affect significantly the spectral reflection (400 to 1100 nm) of the background soil types. Equations for these relations ... |
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| Spatial Variability of Field-Measured Infiltration Rate |
NOV 1981 |
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| Authors:
S. R. Vieira; D. R. Nielsen; J. W. Biggar; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS DEPT OF LAND AIR AND WATER RESOURCES
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| Spatial variability of 1,280 field-measured infiltration rates on Yolo loam (fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, thermic Typic Xerorthents) was studied using geostatistical concepts. The measurements were made at the nodes of an irregular grid consisting of 160 rows and eight columns. Sample spacing within columns was 1 m. Columns were spaced irregularly at 1, 5, 15, and 19 m. A variogram for the 1,280 measurements was used to krige 800 additional values ... |
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| The Influence of Tillage on Soil Water Behavior |
SEP 1981 |
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| Authors:
A. P. Hamblin; D. Tennant; WESTERN AUSTRALIA UNIV NEDLANDS
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| Three intensities of tillage disturbance were imposed on a deep yellow loamy sand for three successive years. Differences in water release curves of the top 10 centimeters occurred in the first year and persisted through the three years. Air permeability and soil water diffusivity measurements also reflected differences in pore geometry. The distribution of water down the first 70 cm of profile was found to reflect these surface soil differences, ... |
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| Wastewater Treatment by a Prototype Slow Rate Land Treatment System |
AUG 1981 |
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| Authors:
Thomas F. Jenkins; Antonio J. Palazzo; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| Six slow rate land treatment prototypes, three containing a Windsor sandy loam and three containing Charlton silt loam, were studied from June 1974- May 1980. The systems were spray irrigated with either primary or secondary wastewater at application rates ranging from 2.5 cm/wk to 15 cm/wk. Application schedules were also varied. The performance of forage grasses was studied to determine the yield and nutrient uptake under the various application regimes. ... |
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| Soil Friability |
JUN 1981 |
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| Authors:
W. H. Utomo; A. R. Dexter; UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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| Soil friability is defined and a method for its measurement is developed from the theory of brittle fracture of soil aggregates. The variation in friability with soil water content is in good agreement with the results of tillage experiments done by earlier workers. It is found that Urrbrae and Strathalbyn sandy loams are most friable at water contents approximately equal to their Casagrande Plastic Limits. The method is applied to ... |
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| Water Movement in Uniform Soils During Constant-flux Infiltration |
MAY 1981 |
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| Authors:
K. M. Perroux; D. E. Smiles; I. White; UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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| An analysis is presented for constant-flux infiltration of water in soil based on the flux-concentration relation. The analysis is compared with laboratory experiments on constant-flux infiltration into columns of fine sand and silty clay loam. It is shown that the effect of gravity is small for the early stage and that during this stage sufficiently accurate predictions of moisture profile development can be made by using the simpler absorption analysis ... |
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| Construction Properties of Fill |
JUL 1980 |
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| Authors:
V. I. Bondarenko; JOURNAL ARTICLE-UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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| Effect of the Degree of Increase of Water Content on the Relative Slumping and Consolidation of Loess Soils |
JUL 1980 |
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| Authors:
V. I. Krutov; V. I. Bulgakov; O. N. Korotkova; JOURNAL ARTICLE-UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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| Heretofore it was assumed that the compressibility and, consequently, the relative slumping of loess soils increases with increase of their water content and reaches a maximum value upon complete saturation. In connection with this saturation was considered the most dangerous state of soils prone to slumping, and all deformation and strength characteristics were determined for it. However, the authors' investigations showed that these principles, previously considered indisputable, are erroneous. (AA) ... |
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| The Effect of Sand Content Upon Cone Index and Selected Physical Properties |
APR 1980 |
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| Authors:
C. W. Byrd; D. K. Cassel; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV RALEIGH
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| Soil collected from an induced tillage pan in the A2 horizon of a Norfolk sandy loam soil was fractioned into sand, silt, and clay separates and reconstituted yielding 4 soil textures, each having approximately 5% clay, but with sand percentages ranging from 66.6 to 82.2%. Twelve soil cores for each texture were packed to bulk densities of 1.79 + or - 0.03 g/cu cm. The cone indices for the undisturbed ... |
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| Soil Heat Transducers and Water Vapor Flow |
SEP 1979 |
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| Authors:
J. W. Cary; JOURNAL ARTICLE-UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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| The heat flow through a silt loam, silty clay, and loamy sand were measured in a calorimeter at 7 and 36 C under matrix potentials near -0.3 bars. The transient thermal conductivity probe, the heat flux transducer, and deVries's theoretical method 36 C. An empirical correction was proposed for deVries's method that improved its agreement with the observed conductivities. The thermal vapor diffusion coefficients for the three soils were then ... |
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| A Numerical Study of the Effects of Noncapillary-Sized Pores Upon Infiltration |
SEP 1979 |
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| Authors:
W. M. Edwards; R. R. Van Der Ploeg; W. Ehlers; JOURNAL ARTICLE-UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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| A numerical solution to the unsaturated soil moisture flow equation was used to model infiltration into a soil containing surface-connected noncapillary holes. Input parameters used to demonstrate the model were those from an untilled silt loam soil whose infiltration characteristics are stongly influenced by worm holes, especially when rainfall rates are high. The two-dimensional model allows for vertical infiltration from the soil surface and for lateral infiltration from a vertical ... |
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| Hydrodynamic Dispersion During Infiltration of Water into Soil |
SEP 1979 |
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| Authors:
D. E. Elrick; K. B. Laryea; P. H. Groenevelt; GUELPH UNIV (ONTARIO)
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| The analysis of hydrodynamic dispersion during one-dimensional sorption of water by soil (horizontal flow) is extended to include the gravitational effects present during one-dimensional infiltration (vertical flow). A power series form for the solution is developed in a manner similar to that developed by Philip for water movement during infiltration. Similar to the sorption analysis, the longitudinal dispersion coefficient was assumed to be a function of water content only. A ... |
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| Soil Organic Matter Studies: Extraction with Formic Acid/Dimethyl Sulphoxide Mixtures and Fractionation with Zr(IV) |
JUN 1979 |
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| Authors:
M. G. Kibblewhite; J. Tinsley; ABERDEEN UNIV (SCOTLAND)
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| Mixtures of the dipolar organic solvents formic acid (FA) and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were used to extract organic matter from soils. At 100 C optimum extraction from a calcareous clay loam was with 80/20 v/v FA/DMS0 corresponding to a maximum in dielectric constant. Extration of seven soils with boiling FA/H20(107 C) and FA/DMSO (112 C) indicated that similar amounts of C and N are generally dissolved by the two solvent ... |
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| Thermal Conductivity of Soils as a Function of Temperature and Water Content |
MAY 1979 |
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| Authors:
A. R. Sepaskhah; L. Boersma; OREGON STATE UNIV CORVALLIS DEPT OF SOILS
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| Apparent thermal conductivities of loamy sand, loam, and silty clay loam soils were measured with a cylindrical heat probe at several water contents and temperatures. Values of lambda were also calculated with the de Vries model. The heat probe method of measuring the thermal conductivity requires a correction factor to allow for errors due to the entrapment of air at the surface of the heat probe, when used at water ... |
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| Preliminary Investigations of the Kinetics of Nitrogen Transformation and Nitrosamine Formation in Land Treatment of Wastewater. |
MAR 1979 |
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| Authors:
Stuart Jacobson; Martin Alexander; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
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| In laboratory experiments, denitrification of nitrate in wastewater proceeded slowly in an acid soil (pH 4.2), but the rate was fast in soils with pH values of 5.5 to 6.8. The rate of denitrification was governed by the carbon source added, with glucose supporting the fastest rate. The rate was somewhat slower with methanol and succinate and was appreciably slower with secondary effluents as the source of supplemental carbon. Charlton ... |
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| Influence of Soil Moisture on the Resistance of Soil to Wind Erosion |
JAN 1979 |
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| Authors:
A. Azizov; JOURNAL ARTICLE-UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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| Variability of Soil Water Retention Curves and Predicted Hydraulic Conductivities on a Small Plot |
DEC 1978 |
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| Authors:
D. R. Cameron; JOURNAL ARTICLE-UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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| Soil water retention curves were measured on cores taken from five sites at six depths in a Bainsville clay loam soil. There were differences in both the shape and magnitude of the average moisture characteristic curves from one location to another in the 225-sq m plot. Coefficients of variation ranged from 4.2 to 13 percent in the surface layers and from 2.4 to 6.5 percent in the deeper layers. There ... |
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| Mangrove Soils of Cuba and Their Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics |
NOV 1978 |
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| Authors:
V. V. Dobrovol'skiy; JOURNAL ARTICLE-UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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| Soil Water Retention as Related to Particle Size in Selected Sands and Loamy Sands |
AUG 1978 |
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| Authors:
E. D. Rivers; R. F. Shipp; JOURNAL ARTICLE-UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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| Sands and loamy sands within the Glacial Lake Souris basin in North Dakota vary considerably from one area to another in their particle size distribution. The objective was to relate water retention of these sandy soil textural classes to particle size percentage. Water retention percentages, on an oven-dry basis, were determined for samples at field capacity under field conditions and also at 1/10-, 1/15-, and 1/20-bar soil water suction for ... |
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| An Analysis of Sensible and Latent Heat Flow in a Partially Frozen Unsaturated Soil |
MAY 1978 |
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| Authors:
M. Fuchs; G. S. Campbell; R. I. Papendick; WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN DEPT OF AGRONOMY
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| A heat flow theory has been developed which can be used to predict freezing and thawing cycles of a temperate soil. The latent heat of fusion is incorporated into the classical heat flow equation with the heat capacity and the thermal conductivity of the soil modified to include terms which account for the phase transformation. Computations for a Palouse silt loam soil show that the ice-liquid phase transformation occurs over ... |
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| Leaching Characteristics of a Layered Field Soil |
MAY 1978 |
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| Authors:
J. L. Starr; H. C. DeRoo; C. R. Frink; J. -Y. Parlange; JOURNAL ARTICLE-UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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| Two ponded flow experiments were conducted to study the leaching characteristics of a layered field soil, fine sandy loam over coarse sand, with a water table at a depth of 1.8 m. In the first experiment a steel cylinder 1.8 m in diameter was driven into a soil to a depth of 3.6 m. Infiltrations of water and dye provided the means for direct observation of the effect of air ... |
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| Particle-Size and Microaggregate Composition of Ordinary Chernozem of Velikiy Anadol' Under Various Forest Plantations |
MAR 1978 |
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| Authors:
L. I. Choni; JOURNAL ARTICLE-UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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| Dam of the Anadyrsk Thermal Electric Power Station (Plotina Anadyrskoy Tes), |
NOV 1977 |
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| Authors:
A. L. Kuznetsov; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| In 1964, a dam was constructed to supply water to the city of Anadyr' on the Chukotka Peninsula. The dam is 8.5 m high and 410 m long, and impounds a reservoir with a volume of about 1 million cu m. It is planned to increase the reservoir capacity nearly seven fold to meet the increasing requirements of the city and of the thermal electric power station under construction. This ... |
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| Fundamentals of Constructing Frozen Type Earth Dams in the Arctic (Prinstipiabe osnov Vozvedeniia Plotin Merzlogo Tipa na Krainem Severe), |
OCT 1977 |
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| Authors:
G. F. Biyanov; G. F. Maslovskiy; L. N. Toropov; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER N H
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| Available experience makes it possible to determine the main trends for improving the designs, methods and techniques of erecting frozen and thawed dams from soil materials and makes it possible to make some conclusions: 1) Frozen type dams may be erected on weak ice-saturated frozen soils if creation of dependable frozen antifiltration screens in the body of the dam is provided which are joined with the frozen soils of the ... |
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| Rapid Approximate Determination of Soil Moisture Reserves |
SEP 1977 |
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| Authors:
Yu. Ya Perkon; JOURNAL ARTICLE-UNIDENTIFIED SOURCE
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Reports by Keyword(s)
LOAMS
