| Underlying Reasons for Success and Failure of Terrorist Attacks: Selected Case Studies |
04-Jun-2007 |
177 pages |
| Authors:
Edward McCleskey; Diana McCord; Jennifer Leetz; John Markey; HOMELAND SECURITY INST ARLINGTON VA
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 | Terrorist organizations are not static entities. They learn, change their structure, adapt to countermeasures, and continuously look for means to advance their campaign. Sometimes the terrorists' efforts result in successful operations; sometimes they lead to failure. The purpose of this study is to identify particular factors which influence the success or failure of terrorist plots. This is the second of a two-phased effort: Phase I focused on assessing the underlying ... |
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| Energetic Ionic Liquids as TNT Replacements (Briefing Charts) |
JUN 2005 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
T. W. Hawkins; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA SPACE AND MISSILE PROPULSION DIV
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| Presentation on the use of energetic ionic liquids as a substitute for TNT in melt-cast explosives. |
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| Energetic Compounds for Use in Shaped-Charge, Follow-Through Devices |
MAR 97 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Peter A. Wade; John D. Sullivan Jr.; Abe Turetsky; BATTELLE COLUMBUS LABS RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC
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| Six organic compounds (4,5-dihydro-3-nitroisoxazole, 2,2- dinitropropane, 1,1-dinitroethane, 1,3-dinitropropane, nitrocyclopropane, and trans-1,2-dinitrocyclopropane) were prepared for detonation testing. Sensitized nitromethane solutions of these compounds were detonated using plastic blocks to observe blast power. The volume of the crater in the observation block was measured: the larger the crater, the more powerful the detonation. A statistical treatment of the results was performed, 1,1 -Dinitroethane and trans-1, 2- dinitrocyclopropane gave the most promising results. ... |
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| Fire and Explosion Hazards of Grade E Cargo |
OCT 95 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Robert G. Zalosh; David M. Finnegan; WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INST MA
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| This study was motivated by a cargo tank explosion incident involving No. 6 fuel oil at a temperature well below its flash point. The overall objective of the study has been to evaluate the general fire and explosion hazards of high flash point liquid cargo, i.e., Grade E cargo. A review of Coast Guard and National Transportation Safety Board incident reports identified several other explosion incidents involving high flash point ... |
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| Microscopic and Macroscopic Approaches to Detonation; International Workshop (2nd) Held in Saint-Malo, France on 2-7 October 1994 (Approches Microscopique et Macroscopique des Detonations) |
07 OCT 94 |
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| Authors:
COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE PARIS (FRANCE)
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| Liquid Explosive in Pipes |
JAN 94 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
John D. Sullivan; William B. Sunderland; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| A simple effective means of testing a liquid explosive in the field was conceived and demonstrated. The central idea was to contain the liquid explosive in plastic pipe and to utilize high speed photography to examine detonation characteristics. Because plastic pipe is a weak confinement, it does not promote detonation of liquid explosive. All the liquid explosives tested were amine-sensitized nitromethane mixtures. Photo diagnostics of the detonations were enhanced by ... |
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| Safe and Arm Device with Variable Arming Delay by Liquid Explosive. |
06 OCT 1992 |
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| Authors:
Lee R. Hardt; DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
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 | A safe and arm device, which has an explosive train interrupted by a void to establish a safe condition, has the void filled with a liquid explosive to establish an armed condition. The void may be in a manometer-like device in which the liquid explosive is motivated by fluid pressure corresponding to free-fall or other velocities. Premature arming may be prevented by forming the explosive liquid by melting a solid ... |
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| Simulation Development for Silo Test Program (STP). Volume 2. Detonation Characterization of NA/NP (Aqueous Nitric Acid/Nitropropane) and NPN (nitropropane Nitrate) |
31 MAR 84 |
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| Authors:
J. T. Rosenberg; D. C. Erlich; D. D. Keough; SRI INTERNATIONAL MENLO PARK CA
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| In support of the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) Silo Test Program, the planar steady detonation processes were characterized and initial JWL (Jones- Wilkins-Lee) equation of state (EOS) coefficients were developed for two chemical high explosives (HEs), NA/NP and NPN. NA/NP is a liquid explosive composed of weak (Baume 42) aqueous nitric acid (NA) and the solvent nitropropane (NP). The NA/NP studied here was 3.158 parts NA to 1 part NP, ... |
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| Temperature-Controlled Large-Scale Impact Sensitivity Tester, |
AUG 1982 |
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| Authors:
I. B. Akst; W. C. Chiles; John B. Ramsay; LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LAB NM
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| Knowing the sensitivity of liquid, partially molten, or hot and confined explosives to impact loads would enhance the safety engineering of two explosives-handling operations: (1) in processing, e.g. in melt-casting or in heated pressing of plastic bonded explosives; and (2) upon return of munitions exposed to heating, e.g., externally carried weapons after supersonic flight. Sensitivity to handling accidents for solid, cool explosives can be evaluated with considerable confidence, because there ... |
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| A Method of Casting Explosive Charge with High Solids Content. |
16 SEP 1981 |
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| Authors:
George E. Ziegler; DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC
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| A high solids content explosive charge is formed by placing the dry solids such as RDX in a mold, adding TNT over the dry solids and holding the interior of the mold at an elevated temperature and reduced pressure to permit diffusion of the liquid TNT through the solids while the vacuum enhances the discharge of air from the mass. In one embodiment, a casing and liner of a shaped-charge ... |
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| Basic Instability Mechanisms in Chemically Reacting Subsonic and Supersonic Flows |
SEP 80 |
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| Authors:
T. Y. Toong; G. E. Abouseif; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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| Stability of one-dimensional piston-supported detonation was examined both numerically and analytically. Numerical calculations were conducted for a one-step, first-order, irreversible reaction obeying an Arrhenius rate expression. An approximate linearized stability theory was also developed for the case of high activation-energy reactions and the mechanism of instability identified. Analysis demonstrates that interaction between the irreversible temperature fluctuations and the reaction zone induces an oscillatory energy- source field, which then leads to ... |
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| Predicting High Explosive Detonation Velocities from Their Composition and Structure (II). Addendum |
NOV 1978 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Lewis R. Rothstein; Robert Petersen; NAVAL WEAPONS STATION YORKTOWN VA
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| A previous technical report described a simple empirical relationship between detonation velocity at theoretical maximum density and a factor, F, that is dependent solely upon chemical composition and structure. The explosives ranged from nitro-aromatics, cyclic and linear nitramines, nitrate esters and nitro-nitrato aliphatics to zero hydrogen explosives, carbonless explosives and hydrogen rich explosives. Minor modifications have been made to the equations presented in that report, including a correction factor for ... |
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| An Evaluation of Liquid Explosives for Foxhole Digging. |
APR 1978 |
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| Authors:
Shepherd Levmore; Robert T. Schimmel; ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER DOVER NJ LARGE CALIBER WEAPON SYSTEMS LAB
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| Five new explosive formulations were screened for possible use in foxhole digging. Three of them were based on nitromethane/nitroethane/RDX (NM/NE/RDX), with viscosities varying from liquid through slurry to paste. The other formulations were: (1) a two-part gelled slurry mix, DBA-208X, submitted by the IRECO Chemical Corporation, and (2) a two-part liquid formulation, LLTX G-2, submitted by the Explosives Corporation of America (EXCOA). After testing, the liquid NM/NE/RDX was selected as ... |
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| Cense Explosion Test Program. Report 1. Cense 1. Explosions in Sandstone |
SEP 1977 |
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| Authors:
James K. Ingram; ARMY ENGINEER WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION VICKSBURG MS
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| CENSE (Coupling Efficiency of Near-Surface Explosions) was a high- explosive test program designed to obtain an understanding of the effects of burst position on cratering, ground shock, and related phenomena in several geologies. Reports 1 through 3 are data reports; report no. 4 provides more complete analysis and data comparisons for the overall program. The objective of CENSE 1 was to study the effects of burst position on ground shock, ... |
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| Hazard Analysis of Proposed Firing Circuits for Detonation Traps. |
NOV 1975 |
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| Authors:
Ramie H. Thompson; FRANKLIN INST RESEARCH LABS PHILADELPHIA PA
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| This report presents the results of RF, high voltage and transient hazard analyses on four proposed systems and/or firing circuits used for initiation of a liquid explosive pipeline detonation trap. Only one circuit shows hazard possibilities. This is the breakwire sensor circuit which is indicated as potentially hazardous for both RF and transient modes. (Author) |
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| A High-Speed Rotating Mirror Camera |
SEP 1949 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
E. G. Whitbread; EXPLOSIVES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ESTABLISHMENT WALTHAM ABBEY (UNITED KINGDOM)
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Reports by Keyword(s)
LIQUID EXPLOSIVES
