| Strategic Arms Control After START: Issues and Options |
18-Nov-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Amy F Woolf; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | The United States and Soviet Union signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty in 1991; it entered into force in December 1994 and is due to expire in December 2009. The United States and Russia have held several meetings to discuss options for continuing their arms control relationship. They are currently negotiating a new Treaty that would replace START. START counts each deployed ICBM, SLBM, bomber as a single delivery vehicle ... |
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| Flight Attendant Fatigue. Part 5: A Comparative Study of International Flight Attendant Fatigue Regulations and Collective Bargaining Agreements |
Nov-2009 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Joy O Banks; Katrina E Avers; Thomas E Nesthus; Erica L Hauck; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
 | In 2008, Congress directed the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) to conduct follow-on studies of six recommendation areas noted in an integrated report by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and CAMI regarding flight attendant fatigue. The report concluded that some degree of fatigue-related performance affects were likely under current prescriptive rules. Internationally, fatigue risk is managed almost solely through prescriptive rules based on the maximum hours of work ... |
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| Military Training: DOD's Report on the Sustainability of Training Ranges Addresses Most of the Congressional Reporting Requirements and Continues to Improve with Each Annual Update |
27-Oct-2009 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Brian J Lepore; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
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| Because the military faces obstacles in acquiring new training lands, the preservation and sustainment of its current lands is a priority. Sustainable training range management focuses on practices that allow the military to manage its ranges in a way that ensures their usefulness well into the future. As required by section 366(a) of the Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (as amended),1 DOD was to submit ... |
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| Strategic Arms Control After START: Issues and Options |
09-Oct-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Amy F Woolf; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The United States and Soviet Union signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty in 1991; it entered into force in December 1994 and is due to expire in December 2009. The United States and Russia have held several meetings to discuss options for continuing their arms control relationship. They are currently negotiating a new Treaty that would replace START. START counts each deployed ICBM, SLBM, bomber as a single delivery vehicle ... |
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| Cold Regions Test of Tracked and Wheeled Vehicles |
22-Sep-2009 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY COLD REGIONS TEST CENTER FORT GREELY AK
|
| This Test Operations Procedure (TOP) provides specific and general procedures for testing tracked and wheeled vehicles in a Cold Regions environment. The common characteristics of a cold region are cold temperatures, strong seasonality with distinct changes in insolation, frozen atmospheric moisture, frozen ground, and freeze thaw of water. These characteristics have moderate to high risk impacts on the operation of tracked and wheeled vehicles and are best addressed through natural ... |
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| Synthesis, Interdiction, and Protection of Layered Networks |
Sep-2009 |
246 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin T Kennedy; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This research developed the foundation, theory, and framework for a set of analysis techniques to assist decision makers in analyzing questions regarding the synthesis, interdiction, and protection of infrastructure networks. This includes extension of traditional network interdiction to directly model nodal interdiction; new techniques to identify potential targets in social networks based on extensions of shortest path network interdiction; extension of traditional network interdiction to include layered network formulations; and ... |
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| National Security Strategy Reform: Rebalancing the President's Agenda |
Sep-2009 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Robert H Dorff; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The common wisdom about presidential success in achieving major goals is simple: Focus on only one or at most two major initiatives. Presidents who try to accomplish too much risk accomplishing nothing, and multiple agenda items distract the team from staying on message providing ample opportunity for opponents to undermine the efforts. While this may be true as a general rule, there is a risk that this strategy places an ... |
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| Ultrasonic Phased Arrays for the Inspection of Thick-Section Welds |
Sep-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
R J Ditchburn; M E Ibrahim; DEFENSE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION VICTORIA (AUSTRALIA) MARITIME PLATFORMS DIV
|
| Ultrasonic phased arrays will eventually replace conventional ultrasonic methods in many nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications. However, the transition to phased arrays is not without its pitfalls and challenges. In this report we present a summary of the advantages and limitations of phased-array ultrasonics in NDE, with specific reference to the inspection of thick-section welds. The main advantages offered by phased arrays over conventional systems are increased sensitivity, coverage and speed. ... |
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| CVN 68 Class Displacement Concerns; Dealing with the Differences between the Modeled and Actual Displacements |
Sep-2009 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Clinton P Hoskins; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether or not CVN 68 class aircraft carriers are actually exceeding displacement limits based on NAVSEA projections. The NAVSEA projections are based on commissioning displacement plus any weight added to the ship during subsequent availabilities. The NAVSEA data was augmented with historic displacement values collected from all commissioned CVN 68 class aircraft carriers. Analysis reveals that the NAVSEA projections are predicting the ... |
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| NPS-SCAT: Electrical Power System |
Sep-2009 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Dorn; Lawrence T Jr; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA SPACE SYSTEMS ACADEMIC GROUP
|
| The Naval Postgraduate School Solar Cell Array Tester (NPS-SCAT) seeks to expand the CubeSat knowledge base and provide learning possibilities at the Naval Postgraduate School. This thesis discusses the design, testing, and integration of the electrical power sub-system for NPS-SCAT. The current design will be powered by a commercial-off-the-shelf power system developed by Clyde Space systems. Solar power generation will be via Spectrolab's improved triple junction solar cells. Satellite Tool ... |
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| Design Considerations for a Computationally-Lightweight Authentication Mechanism for Passive RFID Tags |
Sep-2009 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
John H Frushour; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Passive RFID tags are attractive for their low cost, small footprint, and ability to function without batteries. The lack of onboard power, however, limits the complexity of operations that can be performed by the tags? integrated circuits, and this limitation prevents the tags from being able to perform typical functions required to support e-authentication. This thesis quantifies the delta between the power that would be required to perform MAC-based authentication, ... |
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| The Timing of Social Comparison in Crowds |
18-Aug-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Natalie Fridman; Gal A Kaminka; BAR-ILAN UNIV RAMAT-GAN (ISRAEL) COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT
|
| Models of crowd behavior facilitate analysis and prediction of the behavior of large groups of people, who are affected by each other's presence and actions. For instance, in defense and security applications, generative models of crowd behaviors are used for decision-support, simulation, and training. Most existing approaches for modeling crowd behavior have focused on algorithmic and mathematical approaches, which generate simulations which are qualitatively or visually appealing, but have not ... |
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| Evaluation of Remotely Sensed Data for the Application of Geospatial Techniques to Assess Hurricane Impacts on Coastal Bird Habitat |
Aug-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Michael P Guilfoyle; James S Wakeley; Richard A Fischer; Sam S Jackson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The 2004 hurricane season significantly impacted portions of Florida's coastlines and altered shoreline habitat for a wide variety of coastal organisms (Greening et al. 2006). Remotely sensed data can help characterize and assess these habitats and provide inferences on how hurricanes and subsequent coastal engineering practices affect the distribution and abundance of these species. This technical note focuses specifically on providing a better understanding of the requirements and limitations involved ... |
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| Strategic Arms Control After START: Issues and Options |
09-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Amy F Woolf; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The United States and Soviet Union signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty in 1991; it entered into force in December 1994 and is due to expire in December 2009. The United States and Russia have held several meetings to discuss options for continuing their arms control relationship. They are currently negotiating a new Treaty that would replace START. START counts each deployed ICBM, SLBM, bomber as a single delivery vehicle ... |
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| Iran's 2009 Presidential Elections |
06-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Casey L Addis; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| On June 12, 2009, following a heated campaign between reformist candidate Mir Hussein Musavi and incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iranians turned out in record numbers to vote in the presidential election. Shortly after the polls closed, the Interior Minister announced that President Ahmadinejad had been reelected by a 62% margin. The announcement was followed by allegations of vote rigging and election fraud and prompted supporters of leading reformist candidate Mir ... |
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| Investigation of Hamming, Reed-Solomon, and Turbo Forward Error Correcting Codes |
Jul-2009 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Gregory Mitchell; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| As data rate requirements for communications applications continue to increase and power requirements continue to fall, it becomes increasingly difficult to provide error-free communications over a noisy channel. Shannon's Limit provides the maximum error-free data rate achievable over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel for a given signal to noise ratio (SNR). Forward error correcting (FEC) codes provide algorithms for encoding and decoding data bits, and help achieve data ... |
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| An Overview of Advanced Concepts for Near-Space Systems |
30-Jun-2009 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Marcus Young; Anthony Pancotti; Stephanie Keith; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| A brief review of both near-term and far-term platforms proposed for near-space operations is given. The primary focus of the paper is, however, a review of potential advanced propulsion systems for such long-duration near-space platforms. The basic requirements for near-space propulsion systems are defined. Low Reynolds number propellers, the current workhorse, are used as a baseline for comparison. Two broad classifications are identified as potential sources of force in near ... |
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| Does the MRAP Meet the US Army's Needs as the Primary Method of Protecting Troops from the IED Threat? |
12-Jun-2009 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
Robert W Russell; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Improvised Explosive Device (IED) threat to the U.S. Army and the various methods that have been used to counter this threat. The Mine Resistant Ambush Protected vehicle (MRAP) is currently the favored method of countering IEDs. The Secretary of Defense, Robert Gates, has made the MRAP the top priority for military procurement, and has accelerated the procurement process from 10 years ... |
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| Iron Limitation and the Role of Siderophores in Marine Synechococcus |
Jun-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Adam R Rivers; WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION MA
|
| Marine cyanobacteria in the genus Synechococcus are widely distributed and contribute significantly to global primary productivity. In many parts of the ocean their growth is limited by a lack of iron, an essential nutrient that is virtually insoluble in seawater. To overcome this, Synechococcus have evolved a number of strategies to acquire iron. Gene distribution, metagenomics and a novel immunological flow cytometry assay in the Costa Rica Upwelling Dome were ... |
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| Operation Team Spirit: Program Review and Analysis |
Jun-2009 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
Eric E Morgan; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| In an effort to improve the quality of its KC-135s returning from programmed depot maintenance, the ANG requested to perform a portion of their acceptance inspections on aircraft while still at depot. This request evolved into the Team Spirit program. Following its implementation, Team Spirit reportedly drove average downtimes from 52 days to 14. In 2007, the TS team earned the Chief of Staff Team Excellence Award and the program ... |
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| Changing of the Guard: Restoring Regional Access Despite the Theater Ballistic Missile Threat |
04-May-2009 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher J Polk; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Over the last decade, the threats to U.S. forces and allies from countries that can employ large quantities of theater ballistic missiles (TBMs) during regional, anti-access operations have increased significantly. TBMs threaten traditional U.S. strengths of maritime dominance and air superiority while limiting power projection capabilities. This paper proposes the use of guided missile submarines (SSGNs) and low observable surface vessels (LOSVs) to restore access and provide sufficient time for ... |
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| Field Testing and Load Rating Report, Bridge FSBR-514, Fort Shafter, Hawaii |
May-2009 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Brett Commander; Wilmel Varela-Ortiz; Terry R Stanton; Henry Diaz-Alvarez; BRIDGE DIAGNOSTICS INC BOULDER CO
|
| Bridge Diagnostics was contracted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to perform live-load testing and load rating on Bridge FSBR-514 on Walker Road over Kahauiki Stream, Fort Shafter, Hawaii, in conjunction with three other structures - Bridge FSBR-201, FSBR-1608, and ERBR-9. A primary goal of the live-load testing was to determine the relative effects of different military load configurations. A second goal was to use the measured load responses ... |
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| Chemical Reactivity as a Probe of Ionic-Liquid Surfaces |
30-Apr-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth McKendrick; Carla Waring; Paul A Bagot; Matthew L Costen; HERIOT-WATT UNIV EDINBURGH (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| This report results from a contract tasking Heriot-Watt University as follows: The work will be similar to that which the group has pioneered in related studies of the reactions of O(3P) atoms with hydrocarbon liquids. It is based on laser-photolysis of a low pressure of a suitable O(3P) precursor (NO2 at 355 nm) above the surface of the liquid. This produces O(3P) atoms with a relatively broad, superthermal kinetic energy ... |
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| Zimbabwe |
01-Apr-2009 |
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| Authors:
Lauren Ploch; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| President Mugabe's government has been seen in the past decade as autocratic and repressive by its critics, and its human rights record is poor. The government has suppressed freedom of speech and assembly, and many contend that the government has restricted access to food, already scarce, in opposition areas. The MDC, divided over how to respond, split into two factions in 2005, hampering its ability to challenge the ruling party. ... |
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| Wrestling with Recruiting |
24-Mar-2009 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Edward Nye; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Today's Soldiers have been compared to Soldiers of World War Two, and have been called the Strongest Generation. They face a resilient and adaptive enemy, meet the challenges of multiple deployments, and exceed all expectations. However, current statistics show that only 30 percent of youths between the ages of 17 and 24 are qualified for enlistment. To meet its annual recruiting goals, the U.S. Army has broadened its recruiting standards ... |
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| Using Agent-Based Modeling to Evaluate UAS Behaviors in a Target-Rich Environment |
Mar-2009 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
van; Joseph A Kuiken; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
|
| The trade-off between accuracy and speed is a re-occurring dilemma in many facets of military performance evaluation. This is an especially important issue in the world of ISR. One of the most progressive areas of ISR capabilities has been the utilization of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). Many people believe that the future of UAS lies in smaller vehicles flying in swarms. We use the agent-based System Effectiveness and Analysis Simulation ... |
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| An Experiment to Evaluate Transfer of Low-Cost Simulator-Based Upset-Recovery Training |
Mar-2009 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Albert Boquet; Cass Howell; Charles DeJohn; Rodney O Rogers; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF AVIATION MEDICINE
|
| Many air transport training programs provide simulator-based upset-recovery instruction for company pilots. However, apparently no prior research exists to demonstrate that such training transfers to an airplane in flight. We report on two-phase FAA-funded research experiment to evaluate upset-recovery training transfer. In two separate training/testing evolutions involving two different general aviation aircraft, participant pilots were trained using low-cost desktop flight simulation, then subjected to serious in-flight upsets in an aerobatic ... |
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| Impacts of U.S. Export Control Policies on Science and Technology Activities and Competitiveness |
25-Feb-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY WASHINGTON DC
|
| On Wednesday, February 25, 2009 at 10:00 am in room 2318 Rayburn House Office Building, the Committee on Science and Technology will hold a hearing to review the impacts of current export control policies on U.S. science and technology activities and competitiveness and to examine the findings and recommendations of the National Academies study, Beyond Fortress America: National Security Controls on Science and Technology in a Globalized World. The Cold ... |
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| Dual Caliber Deployments: The Future MEU Battery |
25-Feb-2009 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Taylor N Young; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
|
| Right now a Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) commander is debating how to support his mission with the right mix of personnel and equipment. In the process, he will seek input from critical staff members who are considered the duty experts in their respective fields. His responsibility is to anticipate questions his commander may pose and have solutions prepared. When it comes to fires, he may find more questions than answers. ... |
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| Marine Corps Martial Arts: One Mind, Any Weapon |
20-Feb-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Bryan Grayson; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
|
| What is the purpose of the Marine Corps Martial Arts Program (MCMAP)? What should its purpose be? Is this particular program usable in actual situations or is it fundamentally flawed? Despite years of implementation, the program still raises doubt regarding its necessity, usability, and validity. From Okinawa to Camp Lejeune, Marines practice MCMAP techniques on plots of grass -- steadily acquiring tan, gray, and green belts. Yet doubt still pervades ... |
|
| Outdoor Sand and Dust Testing |
06-Feb-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY WHITE SANDS TEST CENTER WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NEW MEXICO SURVIVABILITY VULNERABILITY AND ASSESSMENT DIRECTORATE (SVAD)
|
| This TOP provides guidance for conducting sand and dust tests using an outdoor test facility. Outdoor facilities are required when a chamber test is not feasible due to test article size and/or chamber size limitations. Two procedures are described. One approximates the sand test guidance outlined in Military Standard (MIL-STD)-810G. The second method is offered as an alternative and attempts to meet both sand and dust test requirements in one ... |
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| Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) Version 4.0 (User's Manual) |
06-Feb-2009 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
Clark Rowley; Paul J Martin; Charlie N Barron; Lucy F Smedstad; TImothy J Campbell; Alan J Wallcraft; Robert C Rhodes; Tamara L Townsend; Suzanne N Carroll; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The version 4 series of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and transitioned to the Navy Oceanographic Office. New capabilities include a general vertical coordinate (GVC) option in addition to the sigma-z coordinate vertical grid, Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) compliance, and several other compile time options that increase the flexibility of the model code. NRL has also begun maintaining NCOM ... |
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| Transfer and Generalizability of Foreign Language Learning |
Feb-2009 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Allison Abbe; ARMY RESEARCH INST FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ARLINGTON VA
|
| Knowing a foreign language provides an advantage for understanding, working in, and building relationships with a particular language community. However, military personnel can expect to encounter multiple languages in their operational experiences over a career. Thus, it is important to understand what impact learning a foreign language has beyond its applications with a specific population. This report reviews research on the extent to which foreign language proficiency facilitates further language ... |
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| Path Force Control for Friction Stir Welding Processes (Preprint) |
Feb-2009 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Prabhanjana Kalya; Xin Zhao; Robert G Landers; K Krishnamurthy; MISSOURI UNIV-ROLLA DEPT OF MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
|
| In Friction Stir Welding (FSW) processes, force control can be used to achieve good welding quality. This paper presents the systematic design and implementation of a FSW path force controller. The path force is modeled as a nonlinear function of the FSW process parameters (i.e., plunge depth, tool traverse rate, and tool rotation speed). An equipment model, which includes a communication delay, is constructed to relate the commanded and measured ... |
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| Wavelength Tuning Limitations in Optically Pumped Type-II Antimonide Lasers |
07-Jan-2009 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
A P Ongstad; R Kaspi; G C Dente; M L Tilton; J R Chavez; R Barresi; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB KIRTLAND AFB NM
|
| In this paper, we examine the wavelength tuning limitations of type-II antimonide lasers containing InAs/InGaSb/InAs quantum wells. Wavelength tuning is accomplished by varying the thickness of the InAs electron wells while keeping all else fixed. In principle, these wells can be tuned from lambda approximately equal 2.5 m out to far IR wavelengths by increasing the thickness of the InAs layers. However, a practical upper limit of lambda approximately equal ... |
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| Non-conventional vs. Conventional Career Paths |
06-Jan-2009 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
K J O'Connor; MARINE CORPS COMMAND AND STAFF COLL QUANTICO VA
|
| Can a Marine officer have a successful career at the junior officer level and still not be promoted in the future? Captain Smith finished a successful five-year tour in the operating forces as a CH-46E pilot. His multiple deployments included several floats with a Marine expeditionary unit and combat tours in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. While in the fleet, he obtained every flight leadership designation and instructor qualification and ... |
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| Fatigue Countermeasures in Aviation |
Jan-2009 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
James C Miller; John A Caldwell; Melissa M Mallis; J L Caldwell; Michel A Paul; David F Neri; ARCHINOETICS HONOLULU HI
|
| Pilot fatigue is a significant problem in modern aviation operations, largely because of the unpredictable work hours, long duty periods, circadian disruptions, and insufficient sleep that are commonplace in both civilian and military flight operations. The full impact of fatigue is often under appreciated, but many of its deleterious effects have long been known. Compared to people who are well-rested, people who are sleep deprived think and move more slowly, ... |
|
| Estimating UTC - UTC (APL) at the JHU Applied Physics Laboratory |
01-Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mihran Miranian; Gregory L Weaver; Matthew J Reinhart; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV LAUREL MD APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| Our master clock accuracy goal at the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) is to maintain UTC (APL) within plus-or-minus 20 nanoseconds of UTC. This is a challenging goal, because it requires the estimation of the future character of UTC - UTC (APL) up to 6 weeks beyond the latest issue of Circular T from the BIPM. Furthermore, the accuracy of our timescale-based ... |
|
| Pakistan's Law Enforcement Agencies -- Harnessing their Potential to Combat Terrorism |
Dec-2008 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Dilawar Khan; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| In the aftermath of 9/11, the United States embarked upon a massive global hunt for terrorists and launched Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. Owing to its geographical proximity to Afghanistan, Pakistan emerged as an ally of the United States in its war against terrorism. Terrorists, having been evicted from Kabul, found the border areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan an idyllic sanctuary to promote future terrorism. During this period, terrorists extended ... |
|
| Turkey's Membership in the European Union: Analyzing Potential Benefits and Drawbacks |
Dec-2008 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
Abdi Pehlivan; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Relations between Turkey and European integration institutions began with Turkey's application for associate membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1959. Turkey applied for full membership in the EEC in 1987 but did not gain candidate status until 1999. Since 1999, relations between Turkey and the European Union (EU) have gained momentum, and Turkey's EU accession negotiations began in 2005. Since that time, discussions about the implications of Turkey's ... |
|
| A Laser-Based Sensor for Ambient Detection of RDX and TNT |
Dec-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen D Roberson; Rosario C Sausa; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| We detect trace residues of RDX and TNT by surface photofragmentation - fragment detection in real time at ambient conditions. An infrared or visible laser generates signature, NO molecular fragments, and a second, low energy, ultraviolet laser facilitates their detection by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization. We present the effects of pump laser wavelength, laser energy, delay timing between the pump and probe beams, and analyze concentration on signal intensity. Sensitivity ... |
|
| Experimental Progress Toward Detection and Identification of Electromagnetically Complex Structures |
Dec-2008 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
I Kohlberg; Von; S A Laven; N G Albritton; H M Jaenisch; J W Handley; T A Baginski; A S Hodel; R W McMillan; AMTEC CORP HUNTSVILLE AL
|
| Radio frequency (RF) signatures have been observed in the scattered return when a passive electromagnetically complex target structure is excited with a broadband pulse. The target range can be reliably determined up to a maximum range that is subject to equipment limitations. The range dependence of the return is found to be consistent with theoretical predictions, which include the role played by soil conductivity. Many activities, military and civilian, can ... |
|
| The Base Zone Protection Problem |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Lance Kaplan; Dinesh C Verma; Theodore Brown; Amotz B Noy; Andi Toce; Mark Nixon; IBM THOMAS J WATSON RESEARCH CENTER HAWTHORNE NY
|
| The base zone in combat operations refers to an area that is secured against intrusion and attacks from insurgents. During any type of military operation, the number of sensor assets that are available for detecting intrusions are limited. Thus, the size of a base zone is limited by the number of available sensors, and how those sensors are deployed. Depending on the assumptions made in modeling the coverage properties and ... |
|
| Strategic Communication: Restricting the Free Speech of Retired Officers |
31-Oct-2008 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
William W Gideon; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Retired flag officers should refrain from public speaking and commentary on matters related to current military activities, particularly at the theater-strategic and operational levels of war. There are many legal and practical reasons why retired flag officers should restrict free-flowing public speech on matters related to ongoing operations in which they have in-depth knowledge. This monograph examines how unrestricted speech can adversely impact an operational commander's strategic communications, fall outside ... |
|
| More Than a Paradigm Shift... Challenging the Assumption That a JTF Commander Can Operate Effectively from an SSGN |
31-Oct-2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew Jeffery; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Now that four Nuclear-Powered Cruise Missile Submarines (SSGN) are entering the fleet, new capabilities have emerged that were never before available from a submerged platform. One of these capabilities has the potential to propel the SSGN from the tactical to the operational level of war. Large-scale demonstrations like SILENT HAMMER and GIANT SHADOW have created the advertised capability of embarking a Joint Task Force (JTF) Commander and staff for short-duration, ... |
|
| Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Remittances |
28-Sep-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Mark P Sullivan; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Restrictions on travel to Cuba have been a key and often contentious component in U.S. efforts to isolate the communist government of Fidel Castro for much of the past 40 years. Over time, there have been numerous changes to the restrictions, and for five years, from 1977 until 1982, there were no restrictions on travel to Cuba. Under the Bush Administration, enforcement of U.S. restrictions on Cuba travel has increased, ... |
|
| Effects of Temperature and Steam Environment on Fatigue Behavior of Three SIC/SIC Ceramic Matrix Composites |
01-Sep-2008 |
229 pages |
| Authors:
AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| The fatigue behavior of two woven SiC-SiNC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) was investigated at 1300 deg C in laboratory air and in steam. The first composite (C1) consists of a PIP SiNC matrix reinforced with Sylramic (Syl) fibers woven in a five-harness satin weave fabric and coated with a proprietary dual-layer interface. The second composite (C2) consists of a modified PIP SiNC matrix reinforced with Sylramic-iBN (Syl-iBN) fibers woven in ... |
|
| U.S. Democratization Strategy: Origins and Obstacles |
01-Sep-2008 |
115 pages |
| Authors:
Chad G Wahlin; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The George W. Bush administration offered two rationales for the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003. First and foremost, the invasion would eliminate the threat that the Iraqi regime headed by Saddam Hussein might transfer weapons of mass destruction (WMD) to terrorist organizations. Second, the invasion would depose the brutal dictatorship in Baghdad and deliver the oppressed people of Iraq from tyranny. After the invasion, in the absence of ... |
|
| Perchlorate Removal, Destruction and Field Monitoring Demonstration (Groundwater RemediationPilot-Scale) |
Aug-2008 |
51 pages |
| Authors:
APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC ARLINGTON VA
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| In 2005, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) funded Applied Research Associates, Inc (ARA) to demonstrate a regenerable, ion exchange technology, codeveloped with The Purolite Company, using weak base anion (WBA) resin (D-4170) in a groundwater remediation application. The demonstration was conducted at Redstone Arsenal, located near Huntsville, Alabama. Well RS498, a 6-inch extraction well, was selected as the groundwater source for the demonstration. Anion concentrations of the well ... |
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| Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Remittances |
30-Jul-2008 |
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| Authors:
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Restrictions on travel to Cuba have been a key and often contentious component in U.S. efforts to isolate the communist government of Fidel Castro for much of the past 40 years. Over time, there have been numerous changes to the restrictions, and for five years, from 1977 until 1982, there were no restrictions on travel to Cuba. Under the Bush Administration, enforcement of U.S. restrictions on Cuba travel has increased, ... |
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