| Protection of Classified Information by Congress: Practices and Proposals |
05 SEP 2007 |
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| Authors:
Frederick M. Kaiser; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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 | The protection of classified national security and other controlled information is of concern not only to the executive branch -- which determines what information is to be safeguarded, for the most part -- but also to Congress, which uses the information to fulfill its constitutional responsibilities. It has established mechanisms to safeguard controlled information in its custody, although these arrangements have varied over time between the two chambers and among ... |
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| Assessment of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) Pretest |
07-Jun-2007 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
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 | The Defense Academy for Credibility Assessment (DACA) Research Division contracted with Battelle to conduct scientific research to determine the relationship between the content of the Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) pretest interview and PDD examination results. The primary objective of this effort was to extract information from designated PDD pretest accomplished performers (APs) through coordinated in-depth interviews (IDIs). The second objective was to provide recommendations for the integration of this ... |
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| Assessment of Optimal Interrogation Approaches |
MAY 2007 |
130 pages |
| Authors:
David E. Smith; David Hoff; Joseph Gier; Jerard Kehoe; EXPERT ADVOCATES IN SELECTION INTERNATIONAL CONSULT LLC SAINT LOUIS MO
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| In March 2006, the Department of Defense Polygraph Institute (DoDPI) [now the Defense Academy for Credibility Assessment (DACA)] Research Division requested research to determine the optimal approaches or techniques used by an interrogator. Specifically, DACA wanted the researchers to gather information from "expert" interrogators (referred to as "superior" interrogators) regarding the approaches and techniques they used in obtaining confessions/admissions following a failed credibility assessment and compare them with the more ... |
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| Polygraph Use by the Department of Energy: Issues for Congress |
14 FEB 2007 |
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| Authors:
Alfred Cumming; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Four years after the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) questioned the accuracy of polygraph testing, and some members of Congress urged the Department of Energy (DOE) to use the polygraph as a counterintelligence rather than as a general screening tool, DOE on October 30, 2006, eliminated the use of polygraph testing for screening applicants for employment and incumbent employees without specific cause. DOE said its new counterintelligence evaluation regulations are ... |
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| A New Approach to Detecting Deception Using Learning Theory |
31 MAR 2006 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
John T. Cacioppo; CHICAGO UNIV IL
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| The scientific literature on the detection of deception indicates that the use various physiological signals and testing approaches such as the guilty knowledge, or control question tests, yield results better than chance though lacking in sensitivity, specificity, and resistance to countermeasures (Committee to Review the Scientific Evidence on the Polygraph, 2003, "The polygraph and lie detection." Washington, DC: National Academy Press). Recent approaches that use brain imaging and other new ... |
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| Statistical Evaluation and Modeling of Experimental Methods to Measure Deception |
20 SEP 2005 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen E. Flanberg; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA
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| This project supports collaboration with Professor John T. Cacciopo of the Department of Psychology, University of Chicago in his investigations to determine whether semantic conditioning can be used to produce a bidirectional vasomotor/physiological response that otherwise would not occur (zero baserate), and if this work is successful to assist him in the implementation and evaluation of the application of these tools in the detection of deception. This work brings to ... |
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| Reciprocity: A Progress Report |
APR 2004 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Katherine L. Herbig; Peter R. Nelson; DEFENSE PERSONNEL SECURITY RESEARCH CENTER MONTEREY CA
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| A study was conducted evaluating the degree and types of personnel security reciprocity in effect between agencies of the executive branch and their contractors. Interviews with security directors and staff at 14 federal agencies and 5 contractor companies produced data suggesting that reciprocity has improved since 1995 but that it is still partial. Findings report areas in which reciprocity generally works (visits, community badge, updating the SF-86); areas in which ... |
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| Ability of the Vericator to Detect Smugglers at a Mock Security Checkpoint |
24 FEB 2003 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Troy E. Brown; Stuart M. Senter; Andrew H. Ryan Jr.; DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INST FORT JACKSON SC
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| This study assessed the ability of Vericator(TM), a computer-based system that evaluates credibility through speech, to detect smugglers at a mock security checkpoint. A U.S. Federal inspector questioned participants while Vericator assessed their credibility. For some (N=77), the inspector followed a script of questions without follow-up (Scripted); for the remainder (N=93), follow-up questions were permitted (Field-like). Smuggling base rates were 34% and 35%, respectively. Few smugglers were correctly identified at ... |
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| Modalities and Clinical Applications of Dynamic Infrared Imaging |
25 OCT 2001 |
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| Authors:
Michael Anbar; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
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| Dynamic infrared imaging (DIRI), the most effective modality of dynamic area telethermometry (DAT), involves the acquisition of hundreds to thousands of consecutive thermal images, deriving information from the modulation of temperature and of thermal spatial distribution of small subareas. Four groups of clinical applications of dynamic infrared imaging are reviewed from the standpoint of their data processing following FFT analysis of temperature modulation and modulation of perfusion of the cutaneous ... |
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| Comparative Analysis of Polygraph with Other Screening and Diagnostic Tools |
12 JUN 2001 |
161 pages |
| Authors:
Philip E. Crewson; RESEARCH SUPPORT SERVICE ASHBURN VA
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| The purpose of this study was to conduct a limited review of literature published between January 1986 and May 2001 concerning the accuracy and reliability of screening and diagnostic tests in polygraph, medicine, and psychology. Out of 5,189 hits produced by the literature search, 1,158 articles and abstracts were reviewed, 145 were found to useful resulting in data on 198 studies. For field screening assessments, the sensitivity of polygraph, medical, ... |
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| Recognition of Concealed Information with Behavioral and Spectral Analyses |
MAR 2001 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Adam L. Lawson; Marc E. Pratarelli; OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV STILLWATER DEPT OFPSYCHOLOGY
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| The main thesis of this project was that individuals who have concealed information can be detected using a combined behavioral and psychophysiological approach. This study examined the similarities and differences that characterize the behavioral and power spectra responses in truthful and deceptive subjects. Half of the subjects participated in a mock crime while the other half participated in a non-crime scenario. The participants responded during their session to words related ... |
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| Test of a Mock Theft Scenario for Use in the Psychophysiological Detection of Deception: IV |
JAN 2001 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INST FORT JACKSON SC
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| The study described in this report is a continuation of research to develop a participant manipulation to serve as a standard procedure for laboratory psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) research. The manipulations used in this study were similar to one reported by Kircher (1983) of the University of Utah. In Experiments 1 and 2 two groups of 16 participants who were assigned to be either guilty or innocent of the ... |
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| The Admissibility of Polygraph Evidence in Court-Martial Proceedings |
11 JAN 1999 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Carr; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH
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| The Department of Defense exhibits a love-hate relationship with the polygraph machine. Although military examiners have performed over 370,000 polygraph examinations since 1981, not one was admitted into a military court- martial after 1991. At that time, the President promulgated Military Rule of Evidence 707, which declared that polygraph evidence was per se inadmissible in a military court-martial. However, when the United States Court of ... |
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| Test of a Mock Theft Scenario for Use in the Psychophysiological Detection of Deception: II |
MAR 97 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Eben M. Ingram; DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INST FORT MCCLELLAN AL
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| The Zone Comparison Test, a psychophysiological detection of deception test, was administered to 30 subjects recruited by a temporary employment agency from the local area. The subjects were programmed to be either deceptive or nondeceptive using the mock theft of a valuable coin. This pilot study was designed to determine the effectiveness of the coin theft as a mock crime scenario for laboratory research with the Zone Comparison Test when ... |
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| Effects of Misinformation on the Concealed Knowledge Test |
AUG 96 |
55 pages |
| Authors:
Susan L. Amato-Henderson; NORTH DAKOTA UNIV GRAND FORKS DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
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| Misinformation effects occur in laboratory settings despite disagreement over the mechanism(s) responsible for such effects. Both memory impairment and non-impairment hypotheses explain the phenomenon. The effects of misinformation were examined using the Concealed Knowledge Test (CKT), a psychophysiological detection of deception technique. Ninety-six subjects watched a videotaped crime used to induce guilt. One week later, subjects were given misinformation about three crime details, took a CKT inquiring about the three ... |
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| Department of Defense Security Countermeasures (SCM) and Polygraph Education Training and Program Support |
26 FEB 96 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
W. Bell; ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (COMMAND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS AND INTELLIGENC E) WASHINGTON DC
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| This Directive reissues DoD Directive 5200.32, dated August 29, 1986; replaces DoD Directive 5210.78; and establishes policy and assigns responsibilities on DoD SCM and polygraph education, training, and program support. |
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| The Use of Fuzzy Set Classification for Pattern Recognition of the Polygraph. Volume 2 |
19 DEC 95 |
211 pages |
| Authors:
R. B. Knapp; Ulka Agarwal; Ramin Djamschidi; Shahab Layeghi; Mitra Dastamalchi; SAN JOSE STATE UNIV CA
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| This project was completed to determine if fuzzy set classification could be used to accurately evaluate data collected during a psychophysiological detection of deception examination. This methodology provides an alternative to the proprietary statistical technique now commonly used. Data collected using both the Modified General Question Technique (MGQT) and the Relevant Only formats were evaluated. An extensive and, arguably, complete set of polygraph data features was identified. These polygraph data ... |
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| The Use of Fuzzy Set Classification for Pattern Recognition of the Polygraph. Volume 1 |
DEC 95 |
148 pages |
| Authors:
R. B. Knapp; Ulka Agarwal; Ramin Djamschidi; Shahab Layeghi; Mitra Dastamalchi; SAN JOSE STATE UNIV CA
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| This project was completed to determine if fuzzy set classification could be used to accurately evaluate data collected during a psychophysiological detection of deception examination. This methodology provides an alternative to the proprietary statistical technique now commonly used. Data collected using both the Modified General Question Technique (MGQT) and the Relevant Only formats were evaluated. An extensive and, arguably, complete set of polygraph data features was identified. These polygraph data ... |
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| Event-Related Potentials: The P3OO and Self-Referent Stimuli |
OCT 95 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Eben M. Ingram; DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INST FORT MCCLELLAN AL
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| This was an exploratory study designed to assess the effect of self- referent stimuli on the P300 component of the electroencephalogram (EEG). The stimuli were self-referent phrases. Self-referent phrases are phrases that are personally descriptive, and are, therefore, considered to be personally relevant. Personal relevance was manipulated through the truthfulness of the self-referent phrases. The EEG was examined for the occurrence of the P300 wave of the human event-related brain ... |
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| An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Polygraph Automated Scoring System (PASS) in Detecting Deception in a Mock Crime Analog Study |
MAR 94 |
82 pages |
| Authors:
N. J. Blackwell; DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INST FORT MCCLELLAN AL
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| The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a prototype scoring alogorithm, the Polygraph Automated Scoring System (PASS), version 2.0, when analyzing mock crime data. A database of psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) measurements was collected using the Axciton Polygraph System. The PDD test format used was the Zone Comparison Test (ZCT). In addition, two types of control question tests (CQTs) were used during the study: (a) ... |
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| Control Question Tests by Police and Laboratory Polygraph Operators on a Mock Crime and Real Events |
DEC 93 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Michael T. Bradley; M. C. Cullen; S. B. Carle; NEW BRUNSWICK UNIV ST JOHN
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| Males and females, truthful or deceptive, about a real life embarrassing story or a laboratory mock crime were examined with Control Question detection of deception tests. Exams were conducted either by a police or a laboratory trained polygraph operator. Subjects were more reactive to event relevant questions when deceptive than when truthful. Police scored subject records more towards innocence whereas laboratory investigators scored them more towards guilt. This was especially ... |
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| An Exploratory Study on the Effectiveness of Event-Related Stimuli as a Control Procedure in the Psychophysiological Detection of Deception |
OCT 93 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
William J. Yankee; DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INST FORT MCCLELLAN AL
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| To evaluate if event-related relevant questions could serve as control questions to discriminate between programmed guilty persons (PGP) and programmed innocent persons (PIP), rank order scoring was applied to the test results of forty individuals evenly and randomly assigned to innocent and guilty groups. The results showed that event-related relevant questions can be used as controls and will discriminate PGP from PIP. (AN) |
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| Artificial Neural Network of Polygraph Signals |
OCT 93 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
John E. Angus; Patrick F. Castelaz; CLAREMONT GRADUATE SCHOOL CA DEPT OF MATHEMATICS
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| The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) in classifying psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) examinations as deceptive or non-deceptive. ANNs are mathematical models of the computing architecture of the human brain. An ANN was designed to accept all four signals (galvanic skin resistance, cardiovascular activity, thoracic respiration and abdominal respiration) from the polygraph output in their entirety. The PDD data used in ... |
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| Utility and Numerical Evaluation of the Guilty Knowledge Test |
AUG 92 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
Keith H. Gaines; DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE POLYGRAPH INST FORT MCCLELLAN AL
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| Eighty subjects were given polygraph examinations utilizing the Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) polygraph procedure in an effort to test the utility of this procedure in a mock crime situation. Additionally, a semi-objective numerical scoring system was implemented, modified, and evaluated. The subjects were broken down into two equal groups. The first group was programmed to commit the mock crime (a burglary/homicide). The second group did not commit the mock crime ... |
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| An Argument for Partial Admissibility of Polygraph Results in Trials by Courts-Martial |
APR 1990 |
104 pages |
| Authors:
J. F. Burnette; JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S SCHOOL CHARLOTTESVILE VA
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| This thesis examines the history of polygraphy in the context of the recent controversy over the admissibility of polygraph results. Following an introductory chapter, Chapter II provides an historical perspective on the detection of deception. Chapter III reviews the fundamentals of the polygraph technique, including the machine and its components (i.e., cardiosphymograph, pneumograph, galvanometer, kymograph, and calibration); the theory of the polygraph; and the control question format, including the pretest, ... |
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| REACTIONS TO STRESS. |
01 NOV 1969 |
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| Authors:
Sol Kugelmass; HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM (ISRAEL) DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
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| Consideration of the data of a series of experiments on Israeli Police trainees and criminal suspects suggests that differential psychophysiological reactivity of the GSR channel is not systematically reduced by stress within the range relevant to criminal interrogation. Further analysis of the criminal suspect data suggested that the detection rate could be raised through the combination of responses from the three polygraph channels (GSR, Breathing, and Blood Pressure). This was ... |
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| MECHANICAL AND ELECTRONIC EVALUATION OF TWO COMMONLY USED POLYGRAPH INSTRUMENTS |
31 MAR 1967 |
136 pages |
| Authors:
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS GAITHERSBURG MD
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| The evaluation of two commercial recording lie detectors was accomplished by applying known pressure signals to the inputs of the 'Cardio' and 'Pneumo' systems. Separate tests were performed on the chest expansion bellows which were calibrated in a freely suspended position. Test data were obtained in the form of traces on the chart recorder which is an integral part of each polygraph and were read from the chart grid as ... |
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| PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF HUMAN INFORMATION PROCESSING UNDER ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. |
30 JUN 1966 |
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| Authors:
Robert Roessler; Neil R. Burch; HOUSTON STATE PSYCHIATRIC INST TEX PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY DIV
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| Work was focused on two main areas: Basic stress research (analyses of the skin resistance, heart rate, pulse wave velocity, and catecholamines); Polygraph study (polygraph study design, measures, and physical situation). |
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| AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PRISONER INTERROGATION, COMPLIANCE AND RESISTANCE |
AUG 1963 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Albert D. Biderman; BUREAU OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH INC WASHINGTON DC
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| The bibliography was prepared by the Principal Investigator of this contract in preparation for a special conference on training programs for required captivity behavior. It contains about 200 items in the unclassified literature, mostly commercial publications and professional journals appearing during the decade following the Korean War (1953-1963). |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
LIE DETECTORS
