| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
09-Dec-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Jane G Gavelle; Thomas L Hungerford; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), in December 2008, declared the economy in recession since December 2007. With the worsening performance of the economy beginning in September 2008, Congress passed and President Obama signed a much larger stimulus package composed of spending and tax cuts. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5), a $787 billion package with $286 billion in tax cuts and the remainder ... |
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| Army Future Combat System (FCS) Spin-Outs and Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV): Background and Issues for Congress |
30-Nov-2009 |
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| Authors:
Andrew Feickert; Nathan J Lucas; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Future Combat System (FCS) was a multiyear, multibillion dollar program at the heart of the Army's transformation efforts. It was to be the Army's major research, development, and acquisition program, consisting of 14 manned and unmanned systems tied together by an extensive communications and information network. FCS was intended to replace current systems such as the M-1 Abrams tank and the M-2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle. The FCS program ... |
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| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
27-Nov-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), in December 2008, declared the economy in recession since December 2007. With the worsening performance of the economy beginning in September 2008, Congress passed and President Obama signed a much larger stimulus package composed of spending and tax cuts. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5), a $787 billion package with $286 billion in tax cuts and the remainder ... |
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| F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Background and Issues for Congress |
27-Nov-2009 |
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| Authors:
Jeremiah J Gertler; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The administration's proposed FY2010 defense budget requested about $10.4 billion in research and development and procurement funding for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program. This would fund the procurement of 10 F-35As for the Air Force, 16 F-35Bs for the Marine Corps, and four F-35Cs for the Navy. The administration's proposed FY2010 defense budget also proposed terminating the F-35 alternate engine program, which is intended to develop the General ... |
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| Air Force C-17 Aircraft Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress |
27-Nov-2009 |
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| Authors:
Jeremiah J Gertler; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| A total of 213 C-17s have been procured through FY2009, including eight that were procured in the FY2009 supplemental appropriations act (H.R. 2346/P.L. 111-32 of June 24, 2009). The Administration's proposed FY2010 defense budget proposed to end C-17 procurement and did not request any funding for the procurement of additional C-17s. The Administration argues that enough C-17s have now been procured to meet future operational needs. Supporters of procuring additional ... |
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| Closing the Guantanamo Detention Center: Legal Issues |
17-Nov-2009 |
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| Authors:
Michael J Garcia; Elizabeth B Bazan; R C Mason; Edward C Liu; Anna C Henning; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, Congress passed the Authorization to Use Military Force (AUMF), which granted the President the authority to use all necessary and appropriate force against those ... [who] planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks against the United States. Many persons subsequently captured during military operations in Afghanistan and elsewhere were transferred to the U.S. Naval Station at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, for detention and possible ... |
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| Critical Infrastructures: Background, Policy, and Implementation |
12-Nov-2009 |
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| Authors:
John D Moteff; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The nation's health, wealth, and security rely on the production and distribution of certain goods and services. The array of physical assets, functions, and systems across which these goods and services move are called critical infrastructures (e.g., electricity, the power plants that generate it, and the electric grid upon which it is distributed). The national security community has been concerned for some time about the vulnerability of critical infrastructure to ... |
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| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
10-Nov-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), in December 2008, declared the economy in recession since December 2007. With the worsening performance of the economy beginning in September 2008, Congress passed and President Obama signed a much larger stimulus package composed of spending and tax cuts. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5), a $787 billion package with $286 billion in tax cuts and the remainder ... |
|
| The DISAM Journal of International Security Assistance Management. Volume 31, Number 3, November 2009 |
Nov-2009 |
218 pages |
| Authors:
DEFENSE INST OF SECURITY ASSISTANCE MANAGEMENT WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
|
 | A few years ago DISAM decided to actively solicit more articles on process improvement for publication in the Journal. We have had a few articles over those years, but I am proud of this edition as we feature process improvement throughout the Security Assistance/ Cooperation environments of the Defense Security Cooperation Agency as well as and each of the Services. The section is kicked off by Ms. Freda Lodge the ... |
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| Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Modernization: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress |
23-Oct-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Of the Coast Guard's three polar icebreakers, two--Polar Star and Polar Sea--have exceeded their intended 30-year service lives. The Polar Star is not operational and has been in caretaker status since July 1, 2006. A 2007 report from the National Research Council (NRC) on the U.S. polar icebreaking fleet states that U.S. [polar] icebreaking capability is now at risk of being unable to support national interests in the north and ... |
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| Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2010 |
22-Oct-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Sargent; John F Jr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| President Obama has requested $147.620 billion for R&D in FY2010, a $555 million (0.4%) increase from the estimated FY2009 R&D funding level of $147.065 billion (not including FY2009 R&D funding provided under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (P.L. 111- 5). According to the Obama Administration, preliminary allocations of R&D funding provided under P.L. 111-5 brings total FY2009 R&D funding to $165.400 billion. Unless otherwise noted in this report, comparisons ... |
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| Iraq: Politics, Elections, and Benchmarks |
21-Oct-2009 |
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| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Iraq's political system, the result of a U.S.-supported election process, is increasingly characterized by peaceful competition rather than violence, but sectarianism and ethnic and factional infighting have not been fully resolved. Some believe that Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki, strengthened politically by the January 31, 2009, provincial elections, is increasingly authoritarian, in part to ensure that he holds power after the planned January 16, 2010, national elections. Maliki is widely assessed ... |
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| Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress |
20-Oct-2009 |
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| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Navy's proposed FY2010 budget requests funding for eight new Navy ships. This total includes two relatively expensive, high-capability combatant ships (a Virginia-class attack submarine and a DDG-51 class Aegis destroyer) and six relatively inexpensive ships (three Littoral Combat Ships [LCSs], two TAKE-1 auxiliary dry cargo ships, and one Joint High Speed Vessel [JHSV]). The Navy's proposed FY2010 budget also requests procurement funding for certain Navy ships that were procured ... |
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| Navy Ship Names: Background for Congress |
20-Oct-2009 |
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| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Names for Navy ships traditionally have been chosen and announced by the Secretary of the Navy, under the direction of the President and in accordance with rules prescribed by Congress. Rules for giving certain types of names to certain types of Navy ships have evolved over time. The Navy states that while it has attempted to be systematic in naming its ships, like all institutions it has been subject to ... |
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| Air Force C-17 Aircraft Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress |
19-Oct-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| A total of 213 C-17s have been procured through FY2009, including eight that were procured in the FY2009 supplemental appropriations act (H.R. 2346/P.L. 111-32 of June 24, 2009). The Administration's proposed FY2010 defense budget proposes to end C-17 procurement and does not request any funding for the procurement of additional C-17s. The Administration argues that enough C-17s have now been procured to meet future operational needs. Supporters of procuring additional ... |
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| Air Force C-17 Aircraft Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress |
07-Oct-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| A total of 213 C-17s have been procured through FY2009, including eight that were procured in the FY2009 supplemental appropriations act (H.R. 2346/P.L. 111-32 of June 24, 2009). The Administration's proposed FY2010 defense budget proposes to end C-17 procurement and does not request any funding for the procurement of additional C-17s. The Administration argues that enough C-17s have now been procured to meet future operational needs. Supporters of procuring additional ... |
|
| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
06-Oct-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Recent policies have sought to contain damages spilling over from housing and financial markets to the broader economy, including monetary policy, which is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve, and fiscal policy, including a tax cut in February 2008 of $150 billion and two extensions of unemployment compensation in June and November of 2008. In 2008 and early 2009, the government intervened in specific financial markets, including financial assistance to ... |
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| Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Europe |
23-Sep-2009 |
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| Authors:
Carl Ek; Steven A Hildreth; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| In early 2007, after several years of internal discussions and consultations with Poland and the Czech Republic, the Bush Administration formally proposed deploying a ground-based midcourse defense (GMD) element in Europe of the larger Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) to defend against an Iranian missile threat. The system would have included 10 interceptors in Poland, a radar in the Czech Republic, and another radar deployed in a country closer to ... |
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| Department of Defense Fuel Spending, Supply, Acquisition, and Policy |
22-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Anthony Andrews; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Department of Defense (DOD) fuel consumption varies from year to year in response to changes in mission and the tempo of operations. DOD may consume upwards of 1% of the petroleum products refined in the United States annually. Petroleum products purchased and consumed overseas may double DOD's consumption. The majority of DOD's bulk fuel purchases are for jet fuel, which has ranged as high as 101 million barrels annually in ... |
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| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
16-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Recent policies have sought to contain damages spilling over from housing and financial markets to the broader economy, including monetary policy, which is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve, and fiscal policy, including a tax cut in February 2008 of $150 billion and two extensions of unemployment compensation in June and November of 2008. In 2008 and early 2009, the government intervened in specific financial markets, including financial assistance to ... |
|
| Closing the Guantanamo Detention Center: Legal Issues |
14-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Michael J Garcia; Elizabeth B Bazan; R C Mason; Edward C Liu; Anna C Henning; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, Congress passed the Authorization to Use Military Force (AUMF), which granted the President the authority to use all necessary and appropriate force against those ... [who] planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks against the United States. Many persons subsequently captured during military operations in Afghanistan and elsewhere were transferred to the U.S. Naval Station at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba for detention and possible ... |
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| Air Force F-22 Fighter Program: Background and Issues for Congress |
11-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Procurement of Air Force F-22 fighters began in FY1999, and a total of 187 have been procured through FY2009. The issue for Congress is whether to approve the Administration's proposal in the FY2010 budget to end F-22 procurement at 187 aircraft, or reject that proposal and provide funding in FY2010 for the procurement of additional F-22s in FY2010 and/or subsequent years. The White House has vowed to veto any bill ... |
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| Air Force F-22 Fighter Program: Background and Issues for Congress |
04-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Procurement of Air Force F-22 fighters began in FY1999, and a total of 187 have been procured through FY2009, including 24 in FY2009. The issue for Congress is whether to approve the Administration's proposal in the FY2010 budget to end F-22 procurement at 187 aircraft, or reject that proposal and provide funding in FY2010 for the procurement of additional F-22s in FY2010 and/or subsequent years. The White House has vowed ... |
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| Access to Government Information in the United States |
31-Aug-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Wendy R Ginsberg; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The U.S. Constitution makes no specific allowance for any one of the three branches of the Federal Government to have access to information held by the others. No provision in the U.S. Constitution expressly establishes a procedure for public access to government information. Congress has legislated various public access laws. Among these laws are two records access statutes: the Freedom of Information Act (FOI Act or FOIA; 5 U.S.C., section ... |
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| Unauthorized Aliens Residing in the United States: Estimates Since 1986 |
25-Aug-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ruth E Wasem; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Estimates derived from the March Supplement of the U.S. Census Bureau's Current Population Survey (CPS) indicate that the unauthorized resident alien population (commonly referred to as illegal aliens) rose from 3.2 million in 1986 to 11.9 million in 2008. Jeffrey Passel, a demographer with the Pew Hispanic Research Center, has been involved in making these estimations since he worked at the U.S. Bureau of the Census in the 1980s. The ... |
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| New Patterns of Collaboration and Rivalry in the US and European Defense and Aerospace Industries |
19-Aug-2009 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Ira Lewis; Bernard Udis; Raymond Franck; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND PUBLIC POLICY
|
| This report continues our efforts to provide useful insights and a partial framework for understanding ongoing developments in the international defense marketplace. Among other things, defense industrial affairs are becoming increasingly global and increasingly complex. In this discussion, we focus more on defense firms -- considering the organization of Boeing 787 development and production, the KC-45 aerial tanker competition, and European defense firms' direct investment in the U.S. defense market. ... |
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| Department of Defense Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan: Background and Analysis |
13-Aug-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Moshe Schwartz; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Department of Defense (DOD) increasingly relies upon contractors to support operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, which has resulted in a DOD workforce in those countries comprising approximately an equal number of contractors (200,000) as uniformed personnel (194,000). The critical role contractors play in supporting such military operations and the billions of dollars spent by DOD on these services requires operational forces to effectively manage contractors during contingency operations. Lack ... |
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| Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): Issues for the 111th Congress |
12-Aug-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Wendy R Ginsberg; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Enacted in 1966 after 11 years of investigation and legislative development in the House - and nearly 6 years of such consideration in the Senate - the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA; 5 U.S.C. - 552) replaced the public information section of the Administrative Procedure Act. FOIA was designed to enable any person to request, without explanation or justification, access to existing, identifiable, unpublished, executive branch agency records. The statute ... |
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| The Army's Future Combat System (FCS): Background and Issues for Congress |
03-Aug-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Andrew Feicket; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Future Combat System (FCS) was a multiyear, multibillion dollar program at the heart of the Army's transformation efforts. It was to be the Army's major research, development, and acquisition program consisting of 14 manned and unmanned systems tied together by an extensive communications and information network. FCS was intended to replace current systems such as the M-1 Abrams tank and the M-2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle. The FCS program ... |
|
| Gun Trafficking and the Southwest Border |
29-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Vivian S Chu; William J Krouse; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| According to the Department of Justice, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is the lead federal agency responsible for stopping the illegal flow of firearms, or gun trafficking, from the United States to Mexico. ATF has developed a nationwide strategy to reduce firearms trafficking and violent crime by seeking to prevent convicted felons, drug traffickers, and juvenile gang members from acquiring firearms from gun traffickers. These criminals ... |
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| Air Force C-17 Aircraft Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress |
28-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Procurement of C-17 airlift aircraft began in FY1988, and a total of 213 have been procured through FY2009, including 8 that were procured in the recently enacted FY2009 supplemental appropriations act (H.R. 2346/P.L. 111-32 of June 24, 2009). The Administration's proposed FY2010 defense budget proposes to end C-17 procurement and does not request any funding for the procurement of additional C-17s. The Administration argues that enough C-17s have now been ... |
|
| Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Modernization: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress |
23-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Of the Coast Guard's three polar icebreakers, two -- Polar Star and Polar Sea -- have exceeded their intended 30-year service lives. The Polar Star is not operational and has been in caretaker status since July 1, 2006. A 2007 report from the National Research Council (NRC) on the U.S. polar icebreaking fleet states that U.S. [polar] icebreaking capability is now at risk of being unable to support national interests ... |
|
| Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress |
23-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Administration's FY2010 defense budget proposes to end the procurement of DDG-1000 (Zumwalt) class destroyers with the third ship, which was authorized and partially funded in FY2009, and restart procurement DDG-51 (Arleigh Burke) class Aegis destroyers, which were last procured in FY2005. The Administration's budget is consistent with a proposal for stopping DDG-1000 procurement and restarting DDG-51 procurement that the Navy announced in July 2008. The Navy's plans for destroyer ... |
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| Navy F/A-18E/F and EA-18G Aircraft Procurement and Strike Fighter Shortfall: Background and Issues for Congress |
22-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Navy has been procuring F/A-18E/F Super Hornet strike fighters since FY1997. The Navy in FY2006 also began procuring the EA-18G Growler, an electronic attack (i.e., electronic warfare) version of the Super Hornet. Super Hornets and Growlers were procured in FY2005-FY2009 under a multiyear procurement (MYP) arrangement. The Navy's proposed FY2010 budget requests about $1.0 billion for the procurement of nine F/A-18E/Fs. The Navy's FY2009 budget had projected that 18 ... |
|
| Closing the Guantanamo Detention Center: Legal Issues |
20-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Michael J Garcia; Elizabeth B Bazan; R C Mason; Edward C Liu; Anna C Henning; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, Congress passed the Authorization to Use Military Force (AUMF), which granted the President the authority to use all necessary and appropriate force against those ... [who] planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks against the United States. As part of the subsequent war on terror, many persons captured during military operations in Afghanistan and elsewhere were transferred to the U.S. Naval Station at ... |
|
| Navy Nuclear Aircraft Carrier (CVN) Homeporting at Mayport: Background and Issues for Congress |
17-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| On January 14, 2009, the Navy announced that it wants to transfer one of its nuclear-powered aircraft carriers (CVNs) to the Navy home port at Mayport, Florida, known formally as Naval Station (NAVSTA) Mayport. On April 10, 2009, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced that it had decided to delay a final decision on whether to propose transferring a CVN to Mayport until it reviews the issue as part of ... |
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| Navy Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress |
17-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Navy has been procuring Virginia (SSN-774) class nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs) at a rate of one per year for the past several years. The procurement rate is scheduled to increase to two boats per year starting in FY2011. A total of 11 boats have been procured through FY2009. The eight Virginia-class submarines to be procured in the 5-year period FY2009-FY2013 (boats 11 through 18) are being procured under a ... |
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| FY2010 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues |
17-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Don J Jansen; Lawrence Kapp; David F Burrelli; Charles A Henning; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Military personnel issues typically generate significant interest from many Members of Congress and their staffs. Ongoing military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, along with the emerging operational role of the Reserve Components, further heighten interest in a wide range of military personnel policies and issues. The Congressional Research Service (CRS) selected a number of the military personnel issues considered in deliberations on the House-passed version of the National Defense Authorization ... |
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| Air Force F-22 Fighter Program: Background and Issues for Congress |
16-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Air Force F-22 fighter, also known as the Raptor, is the world's most capable air-to-air combat aircraft. Procurement of F-22s began in FY1999, and a total of 187 have been procured through FY2009, including 24 in FY2009. The administration wants to end F-22 procurement at 187 aircraft, and the administration's proposed FY2010 budget does not request funding for the procurement of additional F-22s in FY2010. The administration argues, among ... |
|
| Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations |
15-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Mark P Sullivan; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| With five successive elected civilian governments, the Central American nation of Panama has made notable political and economic progress since the 1989 U.S. military intervention that ousted the regime of General Manuel Noriega from power. The current President, Ricardo Martinelli of the centrist Democratic Change (CD) party was elected in May 2009, defeating the ruling Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) in a landslide. Martinelli was inaugurated to a fiveyear term on ... |
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| Latin America: Terrorism Issues |
14-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Mark P Sullivan; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Since the September 2001 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, U.S. attention to terrorism in Latin America has intensified, with an increase in bilateral and regional cooperation. In its April 2009 Country Reports on Terrorism, the State Department maintained that terrorism in the region was primarily perpetrated by terrorist organizations in Colombia and by the remnants of radical leftist Andean groups. Overall, however, the report maintained that the threat ... |
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| Afghanistan: U.S. Foreign Assistance |
14-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Curt Tarnoff; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The U.S. program of assistance to Afghanistan is intended to stabilize and strengthen the Afghan economic, social, political, and security environment so as to blunt popular support for extremist forces in the region. Since 2001, nearly $38 billion has been appropriated toward this effort. More than half of U.S. assistance -- roughly 54% -- has gone to security programs, mostly the training and equipping of Afghan forces. Another 32% has ... |
|
| Human Rights in China: Trends and Policy Implications |
13-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Hannah Fischer; Thomas Lunn; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Human rights has been a principal area of U.S. concern in its relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC), particularly since the violent government crackdown on the Tiananmen democracy movement in 1989. Some policy makers contend that the U.S. policy of engagement with China, especially since granting the PRC permanent normal trade relations status in 2000, has failed to produce meaningful political reform. Others argue that U.S. engagement has ... |
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| China-U.S. Relations: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy |
10-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Kerry Dumbaugh; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The bilateral relationship between the United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC) is vitally important, touching on a wide range of areas, including economic policy, security, foreign relations, and human rights. U.S. and PRC interests are bound together much more closely now than even a few years ago. These extensive inter-linkages have made it increasingly difficult for either government to take unilateral actions without inviting far-reaching, unintended consequences. ... |
|
| Economic Stimulus: Issues and Policies |
06-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Thomas L Hungerford; Jane G Gravelle; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Recent policies have sought to contain damages spilling over from housing and financial markets to the broader economy, including monetary policy, which is the responsibility of the Federal Reserve, and fiscal policy, including a tax cut in February 2008 of $150 billion and two extensions of unemployment compensation in June and November of 2008. Over the past few months, the government has also intervened in specific financial markets, including financial ... |
|
| Inherently Governmental Functions and Department of Defense Operations: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress |
22-Jun-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Valerie B Grasso; Kate M Manuel; John R Luckey; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| An inherently governmental function is one that, as a matter of law and policy, must be performed by federal government employees and cannot be contracted out because it is intimately related to the public interest. Concerned that the existence of multiple and/or inconsistent definitions of inherently governmental functions might be partly responsible for the alleged contracting out of inherently governmental functions by the Department of Defense (DOD) and other agencies, ... |
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| Inherently Governmental Functions and Department of Defense Operations: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress |
15-Jun-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Valerie B Grasso; Kate M Manuel; John R Luckey; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| An inherently governmental function is one that, as a matter of law and policy, must be performed by federal government employees and cannot be contracted out because it is intimately related to the public interest. Concerned that the existence of multiple and/or inconsistent definitions of inherently governmental functions might be partly responsible for the alleged contracting out of inherently governmental functions by the Department of Defense (DOD) and other agencies, ... |
|
| FY2009 Spring Supplemental Appropriations for Overseas Contingency Operations |
15-Jun-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Stephen Daggett; Curt Tarnoff; Rhoda Margesson; K A Kronstadt; Kennon H Nakamura; Susan B Epstein; Sarah A Lister; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| On June 11, 2009, the House and Senate Appropriations Committees announced a conference agreement on H.R. 2346, a bill providing supplemental appropriations for the remainder of FY2009. Floor votes are expected the week of June 15. The agreement includes $5 billion, as in the Senate bill, to support U.S. loans to the International Monetary Fund (IMF); does not include a Senate provision allowing the Secretary of Defense to exempt photos ... |
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| Human Rights in China: Trends and Policy Implications |
12-Jun-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Hannah Fischer; Thomas Lum; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Human rights has been a principal area of U.S. concern in its relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC), particularly since the violent government crackdown on the Tiananmen democracy movement in 1989. Some policy makers contend that the U.S. policy of engagement with China, particularly since granting the PRC permanent normal trade relations status in 2000, has failed to produce meaningful political reform. Others argue that U.S. engagement has ... |
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| Post 9/11 Initiatives and the Army Reserve Component |
12-Jun-2009 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A Chitwood; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
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| The U.S. Army Reserve Component (RC), consisting of both the Army National Guard (ARNG) and United States Army Reserve (USAR), has evolved significantly in the wake of 9/11. More specifically, the Army RC has transformed from a strategic to an operational reserve to support sustained deployments. Three significant initiatives directly impact the Army RC as it reorganizes into an operational force: modular brigade design and employment, standardized Army force generation ... |
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