| The National Security Model: A Hybrid Approach for Determining the Legality of the Targeted Killing of U.S. Citizens |
14 Dec 2012 |
70 pages |
| Authors:
Omar Ebarb; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
 | Is the targeted killing of United States citizens legal? There are two competing models that address the legality of targeted killings: the Law-Enforcement Model and the Armed-Conflict Model. This paper examines arguments for and against each model. Using the Issue, Rule, Analysis, and Conclusion methodology for legal analysis, it analyzes the facts of the case of Anwar al-Awlaki under each model, and based on judicial balancing tests, concludes that neither ... |
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| United States Military Support to American Strategic Goals in the Philippines |
14 Dec 2012 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
James R Coughlin; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| Treaties and agreements for mutual support and defense link the United States and the Philippines. This relationship traces back to Manila Bay in 1898. In the years since 1898, the United States' role in the relationship between the two nations has transitioned from occupier, to defender, to liberator, to colonial power, to coexistent partners. Each nation has strategic goals that it would like to accomplish in its relationship with one ... |
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| Can the Jamaican Security Forces Successfully Reduce the Violent Impact of Gangs? |
14 Dec 2012 |
125 pages |
| Authors:
Mahatma E Williams; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| This thesis discusses the high murder rate in Jamaica as a consequence of gang activity, the negative impact of gangs on national security, and ways in which the Jamaican government can counter gang activities using Jamaican security forces. Endemic corruption, a weak justice system, an unreformed security sector, and limited social intervention with youth facilitate the gang phenomenon. The complexity of the gang problem is further illustrated by the gangs' ... |
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| Anti-Corruption Measures: Persistent Problems Exist in Monitoring Bulk Cash Flows at Kabul International Airport |
11 Dec 2012 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR AFGHANISTAN RECONSTRUCTION ARLINGTON VA
|
| The international community, including the U.S. government, has long held serious concerns about the flow of cash out of the Kabul International Airport (KBL). According to the Congressional Research Service, an estimated $4.5 billion was taken out Afghanistan in 2011. While large cash movements are typical in Afghanistan because it is a cash-based economy, these bulk cash flows raise the risk of money laundering and bulk cash smuggling tools often ... |
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| Relative Armor Penetration of Jacketed Lead, Solid Copper, Solid Brass, and Steel Core Bullets |
30 Nov 2012 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Maggie Sherrill; Rachael B Powers; Michael Courtney; Amy Courtney; AIR FORCE ACADEMY COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
| The relative armor penetration ability of different kinds of projectiles is of general interest from both offensive and defensive viewpoints in law enforcement and military applications. This paper presents data on armor penetration of four different projectile types (all in 5.56mm NATO) on both 6.35mm thick steel plate (A36) and proprietary glass/aramid composite armor. The bullet penetrating steel plate most readily was the M855 bullet which has a steel penetrator ... |
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| Improving Nigerian Border Security -- A Comprehensive Approach |
02 Nov 2012 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
James H Adams; NAVAL WAR COLLEGE NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Nigeria's porous border situation presents a security problem that demands a coordinated national and multilateral approach if it is to be addressed effectively. Smuggling, narcotics trafficking, illegal immigration, movement of arms and ammunition, human trafficking, and insurgent movements offer some of the major challenges to domestic and regional security. A variety of circumstances and factors contribute to Nigeria's systemically futile efforts to accomplish adequate border operations. The federal government possesses ... |
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| Crime in Nigeria: An Exploratory Analysis |
02 Nov 2012 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Eugenia K Guilmartin; NAVAL WAR COLLEGE NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Crime in Nigeria threatens to destabilize the most populous and strategically important country in Africa. Using theories of crime and exploratory factor analysis (a statistical technique for data reduction), this paper develops models of crimes against persons and property in Nigeria to investigate the social, economic, cultural, environmental, security, and demographic factors correlated with disorder. Further critique of the government's response suggests better methods to isolate criminals and increase popular ... |
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| Money Talks: Why Nigeria's Petroleum Industry Bill will Fail to End Gas Flaring |
02 Nov 2012 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth T Royar; NAVAL WAR COLLEGE NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Nigeria is ranked second in the world for the amount of natural gas flared as part of the oil drilling process. Not only does flaring have a significant environmental impact on Nigeria and the world, but it also results in US $2.5 billion in lost revenue if the gas could be captured. As of October 2012, Nigeria is debating a new Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) that, if enacted, would ban ... |
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| Navy Shipboard Lasers for Surface, Air, and Missile Defense: Background and Issues for Congress |
19 Oct 2012 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Department of Defense (DOD) development work on high-energy military lasers, which has been underway for decades, has reached the point where lasers capable of countering certain surface and air targets at ranges of about a mile could be made ready for installation on Navy surface ships over the next few years. More powerful shipboard lasers, which could become ready for installation in subsequent years, could provide Navy surface ships with ... |
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| Emergent Social Software Platforms for the Sharing of and Collaboration on Criminal Information and Intelligence |
Sep 2012 |
147 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A Alexander; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
|
| Information sharing and collaboration among federal, state, and local agencies has been repeatedly stressed as a part of the national security strategy. The emphasis has been on interagency communication and has largely left unaddressed the need for internal information system improvements. This thesis will examine how Web 2.0 technology as part of an emergent social software platform (ESSP) can be used to improve intra-agency law enforcement criminal information sharing and ... |
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| The Integration of Small Satellites in Maritime Interdiction Operations (MIO) |
Sep 2012 |
101 pages |
| Authors:
Stavros Koletsios; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF INFORMATION SCIENCES
|
| The open sea is an area in which numerous legal activities occur, such as trade, transportation, and scientific research, but it also is a place that attracts persons with illegal, criminal, and terrorist intentions. Naval nations, often acting in alliance, conduct operations to stop this illegal activity. Maritime interdiction operations (MIO) are the usual type of operation employed, and, because of their nature, they require robust communications and an uninterrupted ... |
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| Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks for Maritime Interdiction Operations and Regional Security |
Sep 2012 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Theofanis Kontogiannis; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF INFORMATION SCIENCES
|
| Robust communications are key to the success of naval operations such as area surveillance, control, and interdiction. Communications and sensor networks allow the flow of data and critical information that are necessary for conducting such operations from both tactical and strategic perspectives. In naval operations, platforms are hardly stationary, as the networking infrastructure operates from a variety of platforms in motion on the sea, above the sea, and from space. ... |
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| Utilizing Social Media to Further the Nationwide Suspicious Activity Reporting Initiative |
Sep 2012 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
Lynda A Peters; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
|
| The Nationwide Suspicious Activity Report Initiative (NSI) process delineates that frontline personnel can solicit relevant behaviors observed by the public through in-person or telephone interviews or online etips forms. It does not, in its current form, include the use of less formal social media tools such as text messaging, mobile-phone apps, and social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter, although some agencies are doing so. The literature demonstrates that the ... |
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| Community Engagement for Collective Resilience: The Rising System |
Sep 2012 |
119 pages |
| Authors:
John L Farrell; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
|
| Since the inception of the United States Department of Homeland Security, the American public has been told that it has a prominent role to play in the War on Terrorism. However, this role has not been clearly defined. This thesis explores the viability of community engagement as a tool to promote public safety and homeland security. Research was primarily conducted through a literature review (to understand how engagement impacts safety), ... |
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| Managing Suspicious Activity Reporting Systems at Small Agency Police Departments |
Sep 2012 |
103 pages |
| Authors:
Bryan A Roberts; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Law enforcement agencies have managed anonymous tip line programs for decades whereby community members can submit suspected criminal activity to their local law enforcement agency. As a result of the increasing threat of terrorism in the United States, suspicious activity reporting programs (SAR) accompany the traditional anonymous tip line. SARs include the reporting of suspicious behavior related to terrorism, as well as other criminal activity. SAR programs have been adopted ... |
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| Integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems into Modern Policing in An Urban Environment |
Sep 2012 |
107 pages |
| Authors:
John A Wallace; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis examines the possibilities and advantages of incorporating the use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into operational use by local public safety agencies. The use of UAS has become a vital tool for the military but still has not become a tool used by domestic police forces. This thesis explores the options of using this type of technology, such as an economical alternative or enhancement to existing aviation programs ... |
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| Hunting a Black Swan: Policy Options for America's Police in Preventing Radiological/Nuclear Terrorism |
Sep 2012 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
Edward Baldini; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
|
| Local law enforcement is a necessary and irreplaceable component of a comprehensive approach to increasing the probability of detection of attempted nuclear and radiological terrorism incidents. Local law enforcement's unique knowledge, skills, and abilities provide investigative, protective, and direct action capabilities not found in other nonmilitary disciplines. A well-trained, equipped, and situationally aware law enforcement community can form our nation's last, best defense against this terrorist threat. This thesis will ... |
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| The Proposed Homeland Security Budget for 2013 |
Sep 2012 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE (U S CONGRESS) WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Homeland Security Act of 2002, which established the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), requires the Administration to identify and report on homeland security funding and activities of all federal agencies. For that purpose, the law defines homeland security as those activities that detect, deter, protect against, and respond to terrorist acts occurring within the United States and its territories. Those activities include counterterrorism efforts, the protection of civilians and ... |
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| Defense Science Board Task Force Report: Predicting Violent Behavior |
Aug 2012 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD WASHINGTON DC
|
| This report conveys the findings and recommendations of the Defense Science Board (DSB) Task Force (TF) on Predicting Violent Behavior. This study was chartered and co-sponsored by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (USD(AT&L)) and the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (USD(P)). This DSB study is one of several reviews that resulted from the killings that took place on November 5, 2009 at the Fort ... |
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| Transnational Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Criminalized States in Latin America: An Emerging Tier-One National Security Priority |
Aug 2012 |
96 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas Farah; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The emergence of new hybrid (state and nonstate) transnational criminal and terrorist franchises in Latin America poses a tier-one security threat for the United States. These organizations operate under broad state protection and undermine democratic governance, sovereignty, growth, trade, and stability. Similar hybrid franchise models are developing in other parts of the world, which makes understanding their new dynamics essential, as they are an important element in the broader global ... |
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| Borders and Borderlands in the Americas |
Aug 2012 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Harold Trinkunas; Maiah Jaskoski; Arturo Sotomayor; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA CENTER FOR CONTEMPORARY CONFLICT
|
| The sheer variation across the Americas in terms of cross-border flows of persons, goods, and data has created a highly complex set of challenges for states and non-state actors in this hemisphere. Globalization has accelerated and increased these flows across the Western Hemisphere's borders, within both licit and illicit networks. Traditional territorial security concerns declined in the Americas following the end of the Cold War, and NAFTA in North America ... |
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| Haqqani Network Financing: The Evolution of an Industry |
Jul 2012 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Gretchen Peters; MILITARY ACADEMY WEST POINT NY COMBATING TERRORISM CENTER
|
| The purpose of this report is to understand and outline the financial architecture that sustains the Haqqani faction of the Afghan insurgency. The Haqqani network (hereafter the network or the Haqqanis ) is widely recognized as a semi autonomous component of the Taliban and as the deadliest and most globally focused faction of that latter group. What gets far less attention is the fact that the Haqqanis also appear to ... |
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| Occupational Correlates of Low Back Pain Among U.S. Marines Following Combat Deployment |
Jul 2012 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew J MacGregor; Amber L Dougherty; Jonathan A Mayo; Mitchell J Rauh; Michael R Galarneau; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Since the initiation of Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003, many U.S. service members have experienced routine deployments to combat environments, which present numerous occupational hazards that may result in musculoskeletal conditions such as low back pain (LBP). Active-duty U.S. Marines with an initial deployment to Iraq or Kuwait between 2005 and 2008 were identified from electronic deployment records and linked to medical databases (n = 36,680). The outcome of interest ... |
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| Study of the Military Intelligence Support to Domestic Law Enforcement in Counterdrug and Counterterrorism Operations |
08 Jun 2012 |
199 pages |
| Authors:
Andre A Authier; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| This thesis addresses the legal restrictions placed on Title-10 military intelligence support to U.S. civilian authorities who are conducting counterdrug and counterterrorism operations. The National Defense Strategy calls for the Department of Defense (DoD) to protect the homeland from terrorist attacks and to provide support to the civilian interagency in response to natural or man-made disasters. Annual DoD congressional authorizations allow DoD to support drug interdiction efforts, while DoD Joint ... |
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| Operational Design Applied: Reframing Counterdrug Support to Law Enforcement in Texas |
08 Jun 2012 |
108 pages |
| Authors:
Steven T Brackin; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| The lessons learned from a decade of continuous conflict have direct application to the counterdrug mission conducted by the Texas National Guard standing 32 USC 112 task force. By applying the principles of Attack the Network, the Texas Counterdrug Task Force can make a significant contribution to an emerging and comprehensive approach to confronting Mexican Transnational Crime Organizations (TCOs) -- the center of gravity of a larger threat to hemispheric ... |
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| Recommendations for Making Anti-Poaching Programs More Effective in the Southern African Region through the Analysis of Key Variables Impacting Upon the Poaching of Elephants in Botswana |
08 Jun 2012 |
108 pages |
| Authors:
Jackson J Sekgwama; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| The escalation of poaching in Botswana has forced the leadership to deploy its military in addressing this problem. The use of the military against poaching has experienced multiple challenges, both at the operational and tactical levels. The military was deployed in this campaign as a quasi-political decision; it was thought to be a quick remedy to the poaching dilemma in Botswana. However, the quasi-political aspect has precluded the creation of ... |
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| Did the German Actions in the Herero Rebellion of 1904-1908 Constitute Genocide? |
08 Jun 2012 |
142 pages |
| Authors:
Army A Rivera; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| The Herero filed lawsuit against Germany in 2001, demanding reparations for the alleged genocide during German colonialism- resuscitating a century old debate of whether the Herero Rebellion is indeed the first genocide of the twentieth century. This study investigates the complex nature, background and origin of the term genocide ranging from the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal, to the Hague and the 1948 Genocide Convention. Analysis continues with an in depth ... |
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| How Will Emerging Aerial Surveillance and Detection Technology Contribute to the Mission of U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
08 Jun 2012 |
89 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Reyes Rafael; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| As the United States (U.S.) establishes better control of the border, traffickers and smugglers continue to develop advanced methods and employ new tactics to counter enforcement technology. Investigating how emerging technologies in aerial surveillance and detection AS&D might be applied to border security and the potential implications of fielding such technology by Customs and Border Protection (CBP), will provide a foundation for countering this evolving threat. This thesis examines possible ... |
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| Exploratory Study of Operational Approaches to Increase Narcotics Interdiction in the Maritime Domain |
08 Jun 2012 |
85 pages |
| Authors:
Wesley H Hester; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| In an effort to counter narcotraffickers, the United States formed Joint Inter-Agency Task Force-South (JIATF-S). JIATF-S represents the whole-of-government approach to narcotics interdiction in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea. In the maritime domain, JIATF-S uses U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) aircraft and ships, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) aircraft, and Department of Defense (DoD) aircraft and ships to detect, monitor, track, and interdict smugglers at sea. These key resources ... |
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| The Most Appropriate National Level Organization Structure and Command and Control System for U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
08 Jun 2012 |
93 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Pocorobba Thomas; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| The establishment of CBP on March 1, 2003 created the world's largest law enforcement agency encompassing several large, complex and diverse organizations from three separate departments of the United States Government. Since its formation, CBP's national level headquarters has lacked an applicable organizational structure and an effective command and control (C2) system with its field offices to effectively and efficiently accomplish its mission of securing our Nation's borders and facilitating ... |
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| The Law of Force or The Force of Law: Does Following The Rule of Law Assist Security Forces in Defeating an Armed Insurgency? |
08 Jun 2012 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Steven M Ranieri; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| Does following the rule of law assist security forces in defeating an armed insurgency? If so, what factors assist or prevent security forces from conducting operations in accordance with rule of law principles? Counterinsurgency literature and U.S. Army doctrine favor a population-centric approach to counterinsurgency, of which the primary objective is controlling the population. Both insurgent and counterinsurgent have two instruments in the struggle for control and support of the ... |
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| Enhancing Security - Projecting Civil Authority into America's Uncontrolled Spaces |
08 Jun 2012 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
William Presson; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| Actions taken or not taken by law enforcement agencies, in ungoverned spaces reduce US ability to forestall hostile actions on US soil. The current organization of the United States civil authorities and their limitations to impact Ungoverned Spaces within the United States poses problems to accomplish the goals of our National Security Strategy to Prevent attacks on the Homeland and Enhancing security at Home. To that end, this thesis examines ... |
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| Thinking about Air and Space Power in 2025: Five Guiding Principles |
Jun 2012 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Denis Mercier; AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL AIR FORCE RESEARCH INST
|
| The year 2025 is not far away. However, the coming years will doubtless surprise us since geostrategic or technological developments are so unpredictable. The air and space environment will certainly feature major breakthroughs that we must be ready to face. This article does not claim to treat this topic comprehensively; rather, it suggests a few principles that one can apply to support a view of the stakes for tomorrow s ... |
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| Friending Brandeis: Privacy and Government Surveillance in the Era of Social Media |
Jun 2012 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
Elizabeth S Gaffin; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Today, individuals network and interact with each other in radically different ways by using social networking sites, such as Facebook and Twitter. Utilizing this new media, individuals are able to share intimate details of their lives, coordinate activities, and exchange ideas with friends, family and others in ways previously accomplished only in person, by telephone, or in written letters stored at home. At the same time, terrorist organizations and other ... |
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| Defeating the Active Shooter: Applying Facility Upgrades in Order to Mitigate the Effects of Active Shooters in High Occupancy Facilities |
Jun 2012 |
277 pages |
| Authors:
Charles E Ergenbright; Sean K Hubbard; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The average duration of Active Shooter incidents in Institutions of Higher Education within the United States is 12.5 minutes. In contrast, the average response time of campus and local law enforcement to these incidents is 18 minutes. In the majority of Active Shooter incidents affecting U.S. IHEs, the emergency response time greatly exceeds the incident duration and affords law enforcement authorities no opportunity to interdict the shooter or prevent further ... |
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| Privately Contracted Military Firms in the Twenty-First Century: Reclassifying, Redefining, and Reforming the Way We Fight |
Jun 2012 |
127 pages |
| Authors:
J R Cutchin; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Privately Contracted Military Firms (PCMFs) are in use throughout the globe by the U.S. government. Their role has become so intertwined with the demands of the Department of Defense (DoD) and that of the Department of State (DoS) that it is now hard to imagine operating in support of U.S. national interests, without them. But such a relationship is not without its pitfalls. The quantities, costs, and functions of today's ... |
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| The Requirement for U.S. Army Special Forces to Conduct Interrogation |
Jun 2012 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J Foote; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Waterboarding, rendition, torture: each of these terms provides deeply negative examples of the mishandling of detainees by various entities of the United States government during the prosecution of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. In order to rectify these failures of the various systems within the U.S. military's detention framework, the Department of Defense (DoD) developed and issued Field Manual 2-22.3 Human Intelligence Collector Operations. This new doctrine has created ... |
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| International Police Cooperation on Countering Transnational Terrorism |
Jun 2012 |
124 pages |
| Authors:
Hikmet Yapsan; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEFENSE ANALYSIS DEPT
|
| Since the inception of modern police organizations, the police have been on the front lines of counterterrorism operations. The changing concept of terrorism into a more transnational activity has driven police organizations to devise new means to counter this challenge. International police cooperation on countering transnational terrorism is the product of this evolution. There have been several initiatives to build a competent and effective international police cooperation organization to fight ... |
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| Who has Legal Sovereignty Over Jerusalem and which Peace Proposal has the Best Chance of Resolving the Dispute over this Symbolic Land? |
Jun 2012 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Daxton H Moore; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| There are four schools of thought as to who has legal sovereignty over Jerusalem, and this is one of the primary reasons why there has been no resolution to the problem. The first is that there was a vacuum of sovereignty in the wake of British withdrawal, which was filled by Israel after the first Arab-Israeli War and again as a need for selfdefense after the 1967 War; the second ... |
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| Increasing Effectiveness of U.S. Counterintelligence: Domestic and International Micro-Restructuring Initiatives to Mitigate Cyberespionage |
Jun 2012 |
137 pages |
| Authors:
Cody J Ferguson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Cyberespionage is a prolific threat that undermines the power projection capacity of the United States through reduced economic prowess and a narrowing of the technical advantage employed by the American military. International attempts to limit hostile cyber activity through the development of institutions, normative patterns of behavior, or assimilation of existing laws do not provide the American national security decision maker with a timely or effective solution to address these ... |
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| Better Contract Oversight Could Have Prevented Deficiencies in the Detention Facility in Parwan, Afghanistan |
17 May 2012 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ALEXANDRIA VA OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
|
| Our overall objective was to determine whether the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Afghanistan Engineer District-North (TAN) and U.S. Forces-Afghanistan (USFOR-A) officials procured construction services and administered the construction contract for the Detention Facility in Parwan, Afghanistan, (DFIP) and the Afghanistan National Detention Facility (ANDF) in accordance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and other applicable laws and regulations. Specifically, we determined whether USACE TAN officials properly monitored the ... |
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| Organizational Change in the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agency |
17 May 2012 |
53 pages |
| Authors:
IV Griffith William J; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
|
| The creation of the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in 2003 was a monumental, yet incomplete organizational step towards integrating border protection operations. Customs and Border Protection is constantly improving integration and unity of effort among its operational components: the Office of Field Operations (OFO), Office of Border Patrol (OBP), and the Office of Air and Marine (OAM). In October 2010, Homeland Security Secretary Napolitano approved CBP Commissioner Bersin's request ... |
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| An Approach to the 40-Year Drug War |
17 May 2012 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Dustin E Phillips; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
|
| In 1969, President Nixon started the now well-known War on Drugs. The reason behind his declaration of war was the increasing national security threat posed by transnational drug trafficking organizations (DTOs). In 1990, the Southwest border supported only 20 to 30 percent of the drugs smuggled into the United States. However, the success of interdiction operations in the Caribbean forced DTOs to find an alternate smuggling route, and the alternate ... |
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| The Effect Terrorist Labels Have on Military Operations |
17 May 2012 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Leighton W Anglin; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
|
| This research presents an analysis of U.S. laws surrounding terrorism to assess the effect they have on military operations in asymmetric conflicts. Modern conflicts utilize unconventional approaches, such as co-opting or informing, as decisive operations in pursuit of military objectives. This research evaluates the extent to which U.S. laws on terror proscribes viable options to military leaders during combat operations. This is accomplished through an introduction of U.S. terror laws ... |
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| Overpopulated, Underdeveloped Urban Agglomerations: Tomorrow's Unstable Operating Environment |
08 May 2012 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A Stoker; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| This paper asserts that a unique future operational environment is developing: overpopulated, underdeveloped, urban agglomerations. A proposed definition for this operating environment is as follows: an overpopulated urban area that is located within a developing or underdeveloped state, has a population exceeding 5 million people, and has a government that is unable to provide basic services to its inhabitants and lacks the resources to develop and maintain a suitable infrastructure. ... |
|
| Theater Security Cooperation in Oceania for the 21st Century |
04 May 2012 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Brian Palm; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| This paper examines how theater security cooperation combined with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can provide a framework to combat some of the challenges that PACOM faces in the littorals of the Pacific Ocean. While the United States generally stands in a position of power within that region, the countries of Oceania are relatively powerless, and in most instances, they are ill-equipped to provide the necessary management and security of their ... |
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| Maritime Sanctions Enforcement, More Than Just Boardings |
04 May 2012 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Donovan C Rivera; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Economic sanctions are a frequent course of action chosen by state leaders to influence or punish the actions of other states. While economic sanctions are commonly viewed as a non-violent method of compelling or deterring behavior, their enforcement frequently requires military operations. This paper will examine those operations from the perspective of a joint force commander assigned the task of planning and executing an operation to enforce economic sanctions in ... |
|
| War, Law and Order - Case Study: Australian Whole-of-Government Efforts to Develop the Security and Criminal Justice Sectors in Stabilization |
May 2012 |
139 pages |
| Authors:
Marcus Fielding; ARMY WAR COLLEGE CARLISLE BARRACKS PA ARMY PEACEKEEPING AND STABILITY OPERATIONS INSTITUTE
|
| This paper begins with a description of an Australian Special Forces raid in Afghanistan where civilians were killed and wounded. The subsequent White Paper prompted several questions: What exactly are situations of armed conflict short of conventional war ? How does the Australian Defence Force (ADF) establish a secure environment in conflict zones ? What role should the ADF play in a stabilization situation? And what can we do to ... |
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| Posse Comitatus: An Impediment to Our National Security |
26 Apr 2012 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
Jason T Schad; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV NORFOLK VA JOINT ADVANCED WARFIGHTING SCHOOL
|
| The Posse Comitatus Act (PCA) is often the so-called linchpin that bars the use of our military forces to support and enforce civil law within the borders of the United States. This act has, in effect, denied the citizens of the United States the protection they should be afforded by the Federal Government by restricting the use of Department of Defense assets as force multipliers to our federal law enforcement ... |
|
| Enabling Soldiers with Robots |
17 Apr 2012 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Mark S Kneram; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
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| The question is no longer can we create robots to replace traditional human functions, but how do we incorporate robots that meet our moral, ethical, and legal requirements and can be accepted by our organizational culture and doctrine. The capability of robots is undeniable so we must create a vision on how we fight, man, and equip the force as technological advances continue to progress at an ever increasing rate. ... |
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LAW ENFORCEMENT
