| Partnering Earth Observations for People Living Environmentally (PEOPLE) JCTD. FY10 Rolling Start. Proactive Incident and Environmental Decision Support |
10-Dec-2009 |
|
| Authors:
DIRECTOR DEFENSE RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING WASHINGTON DC RAPID FIELDING DIRECTORATE
|
 | THE CURRENT SITUATION: Partner nations (i.e., developed and third world countries) face security risks because of an inability to respond to, plan for and monitor environmental change, natural disasters, and the associated humanitarian challenges. -- Involvement is in U.S. best interest -- especially providing low cost decision support systems that can enhance a country's or region's awareness and preparedness * Partner nations need enhanced capability for day-to-day resource management and ... |
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| Allowing the Advantaged User in a Network Centric System to Get Through the Disadvantaged Interface |
Sep-2009 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence Brandon; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
|
 | Networks and network centric systems are a technology and industry that is growing and evolving daily. These systems play an integral part in most companies, industries, organizations, and governments. The United States Navy uses networks and network centric systems in multiple facets of their daily and long term operations. Whether on ships, submarines, aircraft, or land based facilities, the Navy has implemented network centric systems to take advantage of their ... |
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| The Army's Future Combat System (FCS): Background and Issues for Congress |
03-Aug-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Andrew Feicket; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Future Combat System (FCS) was a multiyear, multibillion dollar program at the heart of the Army's transformation efforts. It was to be the Army's major research, development, and acquisition program consisting of 14 manned and unmanned systems tied together by an extensive communications and information network. FCS was intended to replace current systems such as the M-1 Abrams tank and the M-2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle. The FCS program ... |
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| System Engineering Approach to Assessing Integrated Survivability |
Aug-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel Hicks; Heather Molitoris; ARMY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING COMMAND WARREN MI
|
| Land platforms are increasingly required to carry out a wide range of roles in support of very diverse operations ranging from high intensity conflict to Operations Other Than War (OOTW). The acceptance of casualties is low and reduction is a strategic political imperative. As a result, crew/platform survivability is important to mission effectiveness and success. Methods for achieving survivability need to be objectively assessed and prioritized to meet cost constraints. ... |
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| Global Physiographic and Climatic Maps to Support Revision of Environmental Testing Guidelines |
06-Jul-2009 |
54 pages |
| Authors:
Eric V McDonald; Steven N Bacon; Scott D Bassett; Sara E Jenkins; DESERT RESEARCH INST RENO NV DIVISION OF EARTH AND ECOSYSTEM SCIENCES
|
| This report is part of an overarching tier of studies mapping the physiographic and climatic characteristics of the globe that are significant to military operations, including the methodology used to derive the maps. The report is intended as a base for more detailed analyses such as terrain analog studies and for military environmental testing policy and guidelines. The second tier of studies will compare specific global military operating environments (GMOEs) ... |
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| USAFRICOM's Role in Counter-Piracy Operations Within the Horn of Africa |
04-May-2009 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis W Sampson; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Maritime piracy in the Horn of Africa has increased significantly over the last several years and continues to plague the surrounding waterways despite an increase in the presence of U.S. and Coalition naval forces, and an increase in overall international awareness of the threats to maritime security. Piracy not only threatens security within territorial waters, it threatens the maritime trade vessels transiting through the international waters linking the Indian Ocean ... |
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| Breaking the Yardstick: The Dangers of Market-based Governance (Defense Horizons, Number 67, May 2009) |
May-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Don J DeYoung; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
|
| In the middle of the last century, America became a superpower. It happened, in part, because of a well-balanced technological partnership between the Federal Government and commercial sector. After winning a world war against fascism, this public-private alliance went on to cure infectious diseases, create instant global communications, land humans on the Moon, and prevail in a long Cold War against communism. This, and more, was accomplished without bankrupting the ... |
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| Border Security: Barriers Along the U.S. International Border |
16-Mar-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Michael J Garcia; Yule Kim; Chad C Haddal; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Congress has repeatedly shown interest in examining and expanding the barriers being deployed along the U.S. international land border. The United States Border Patrol (USBP) deploys fencing, which aims to impede the illegal entry of individuals, and vehicle barriers, which aim to impede the illegal entry of vehicles (but not individuals) along the border. The USBP first began erecting physical barriers in 1990 to deter illegal entries and drug smuggling ... |
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| A Computational Tool for Evaluating THz Imaging Performance in Brownout Conditions at Land Sites Throughout the World |
Mar-2009 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Seth L Marek; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This study quantifies terahertz (THz) or sub-millimeter imaging performance during simulated rotary-wing brownout or whiteout environments based on geographic location and recent/current atmospheric weather conditions. The atmospheric conditions are defined through the Air Force Institute of Technology Center for Directed Energy (AFIT/CDE) Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference or LEEDR model. This model enables the creation of vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, water vapor content, optical turbulence, and atmospheric particulates ... |
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| LanDPro: Landscape Dynamics Program in Support of Natural and Cultural Resources Management and Range Maintenance |
Dec-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
T F Bullard; E V McDonald; DESERT RESEARCH INST RENO NV
|
| LanDPro, the Landscape Dynamics Support Program, is being developed at the Desert Research Institute to support sustained mission capability and military readiness, and to help land managers achieve maximum use of resources available for training land maintenance. During the past several decades, the science of geomorphology and soils has advanced to the point of demonstrating unique and predictable relationships between temporal and spatial variation in landscape components and soils, hydrology, ... |
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| River Diversions and Shoaling |
Nov-2008 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph V Jr; Letter; Pinkard; C F Jr; Nolan K Raphelt; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICS LAB
|
| This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note describes the current knowledge of the potential impacts of river diversions on channel morphology, especially induced sedimentation in the river channel. Processes considered in this note are those most pertinent to riverine, as opposed to estuarine, aspects of diversions. In particular, this note provides general guidance on the physical process issues, outlines strategies for more effective application of existing tools, and summarizes the ... |
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| Invasive Species Biology, Control, and Research. Part 2. Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora) |
Nov-2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Linda Nelson; Patrick J Guertin; Michael L Denight; Dick L Gebhart; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| A 2007 Report to Congress documented a crucial factor in the loss of Army training land: uncontrolled vegetation growth. Of the 53 installations surveyed for the report, 30 reported that approximately 12 percent of their training lands were unusable for certain types of training. Uncontrolled vegetation was a source of such problems as an inability to conduct mounted and dismounted maneuver training, interference with equipment used in line-of-sight training, safety ... |
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| Seasonal Distribution, Biology, and Human Attraction Patterns of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Rural Village and Adjacent Forested Site Near Iquitos, Peru |
Nov-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Roberto Fernandez; Faustino Carbajal; Michael J Turell; James W Jones; Terry A Klein; James E Pecor; Michael R Sardelis; Douglas M Watts; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD VIROLOGY DIV
|
| This study was conducted as part of a field-ecology study of arboviral and malarial activity in the Amazon Basin, Loreto Department, Peru, to determine the relative abundance, species diversity, and seasonal and vertical distributions of potential mosquito vectors. Mosquitoes were captured either by volunteers using mouth aspirators while mosquitoes attempted to land on the collectors or in dry ice-baited ABC light traps. Anopheles darlingi, the principal malaria vector in the ... |
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| The Impact Analysis of a Mixed Squadron, Containing LCS and Multi-Mission Surface Platforms, on Blue Force Casualties and Mission Effectiveness |
01-Sep-2008 |
123 pages |
| Authors:
Michael S> Milliken; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| In today s world, the United States is the dominant naval power. World powers are trading naval dominance in favor of naval defense, creating fleets of smaller ships to protect their littoral waters. As a result, the United States Navy will be called upon to engage enemy naval forces to ensure access against asymmetrical threats close to enemy coastlines. The Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) is a networked, focused-mission platform, designed ... |
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| Current and Historical Sediment Loads in the Lower Mississippi River |
01-Jul-2008 |
170 pages |
| Authors:
Colin Thorne; Oliver Harmar; Nick Clifford; Richard Measures; Chester Watson; David Biedenham; NOTTINGHAM UNIV (UNITED KINGDOM) DEPT OF GEOGRAPHY
|
| Questions concerning past, present, and future temporal trends in the sediment load of the Lower Mississippi River are of great importance because the redistribution of available Mississippi River sediment is vital to on-going efforts to reduce land loss and restore coastal marshes and wetlands in Louisiana. This document reports the results of a 1-yr study performed by Nottingham University, Halcrow and the Biedenharn Group in collaboration with the Waterways Experiment ... |
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| CV or Not to Be? Alternatives to U.S. Sea-Based Air Power |
01-Jun-2008 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
Yniol A Cruz; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The thesis focuses on aircraft carriers and identifying an appropriate path towards the future of U.S. sea-based air power by studying historical cases of air power integration into the war fighting capabilities of the fleet. It analyzes current utilization and effectiveness of the aircraft carrier, given its operational requirements with respect to identified threats as described in security and strategy statements. It can be agreed upon that the U.S. Navy ... |
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| U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Development, and Issues |
24-Jan-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Amy F Woolf; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| During the Cold War, the U.S. nuclear arsenal contained many types of delivery vehicles for nuclear weapons. The longer range systems, which included long-range missiles based on U.S. territory, long-range missiles based on submarines, and heavy bombers that could threaten Soviet targets from their bases in the United States, are known as strategic nuclear delivery vehicles. At the end of the Cold War, in 1991, the United States deployed more ... |
|
| Zimbabwe |
06-Dec-2007 |
|
| Authors:
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Zimbabwe's prospects appeared promising in 1980, as it gained independence after a long liberation war. The country exhibited steady economic growth, enabling the new government to provide free education and widespread access to health care. Challenges grew in the 1990s, however. Rising inflation and unemployment bred discontent, as evidenced by regular student and labor protests, and led in 1999 to the formation of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). ... |
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| The Army's Future Combat System (FCS): Background and Issues for Congress |
11 OCT 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Andrew Felckert; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Future Combat System (FCS) is the U.S. Army's multiyear, multibilliondollar program at the heart of the Army's transformation efforts. It is to be the Army's major research, development, and acquisition program consisting of 14 manned and unmanned systems tied together by an extensive communications and information network. FCS is intended to replace such current systems as the M-1 Abrams tank and the M-2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle. The FCS ... |
|
| Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Sensor Array Development |
17-Sep-2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
David J Wright; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP (SAIC) CARY NC ADVANCED SENSORS AND ANALYSIS DIVISION
|
| A laboratory prototype frequency domain electromagnetic induction sensor array suitable for simultaneous operation with an array of cesium vapor total field magnetometers has been designed and fabricated and has undergone limited bench testing. The design is based on the GEM-3 active primary field cancellation technology, which creates a "magnetic cavity" for each receive coil in the array. The array's magnetometers would be mounted inside the receive coils, within the magnetic ... |
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| Camp Humphreys, Korea, Groundwater Assessment |
SEP 2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Danny W. Harrelson; Mansour Zakikhani; Mathew J. Waterbury; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| This study was conducted to (a) determine the current groundwater production capacity using the pumping data from 21 production wells; (b) estimate potential recharge from rainfall and surface water sources; (c) determine total groundwater availability using precipitation and soil data, and predict the future water use assuming a potential increase of camp population from 7,500 to 40,000; and (d) estimate water availability in a land zone adjacent to the Camp ... |
|
| A Littoral Combat Model for Land-Sea Missile Engagements |
SEP 2007 |
104 pages |
| Authors:
Casey M. Mahon; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This thesis develops a Littoral Combat Model of interactions between Naval Ships at sea and Anti-Ship Cruise Missile Batteries on land. The Littoral Combat Model seeks to answer the question: Is a modern naval force capable of effectively operating in the dangerous littoral environment? The model is derived from a combination of Hughes Salvo Model and Lanchester's Equations. Cases are developed using either direct fire or area fire weaponry by ... |
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| Defense Acquisitions: Navy Faces Challenges Constructing the Aircraft Carrier Gerald R. Ford within Budget |
AUG 2007 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Paul L. Fracnis; Karen Zuckerstein; Lisa L. Beradi; Diana Moldafsky; Moshe Scwhzart; Alyssa Weir; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| As a result of a substantial investment of time and money, the Navy has reduced the risks associated with a number of essential technologies, including the nuclear propulsion and electric plant. At this time, several technical risks that could lead to increased construction costs and potentially result in capability reductions still remain. In particular, the electromagnetic aircraft launch system (EMALS), the advanced arresting gear, and the dual band radar face ... |
|
| Peopling the Picketwire: A History of the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site |
Jul-2007 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Tad Britt; Robert A McLain; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| When we refer to the 283,000 acres of United States Army land in Colorado's southeastern Las Animas County as the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site (PCMS) we are using a deceptively simple and recent historical term. The PCMS did not exist prior to 1983 when the Army assumed ownership of the land and began creating a large-scale combined arms training ground. As required by law, the Army sponsored a number of ... |
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| Existing Geospatial Knowledge of Gopher Tortoise Population and Abundance |
MAY 2007 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
William D. Meyer; Harold E. Balbach; Jason T. Berner; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| A number of key Army installations in the southeastern United States support numerous at-risk species. Many of these species have the potential to cause severe training restrictions in the future. To avoid the loss of training capacity, a proactive strategy for species conservation across the range must be developed. The gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) may be the most prominent and most widely distributed of these at-risk species in the Southeast. ... |
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| Using Probabilistic Terrorism Risk Modeling for Regulatory Benefit-Cost Analysis. Application to the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative Implemented in the Land Environment |
MAY 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Tom Latourrette; Henry H. Willis; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
| The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 requires that the Secretary of Homeland Security develop a plan for reliably evaluating the identity and citizenship of people entering the U.S. In response, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection "CBP" and U.S. Department of State are proposing a regulation specifying documentation requirements for people entering the U.S. via land borders from countries in the Western Hemisphere, referred to as the ... |
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| Demonstration of Airborne Wide Area Assessment Technologies at the Toussaint River, Ohio |
17 APR 2007 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Jack Foley; David Wright; SKY RESEARCH ASHLAND OR
|
| The former Erie Army Depot, Ottawa County, Ohio, is located along the western shore of Lake Erie. This site and the associated impact areas are classified by the United States Government as Formerly Used Defense Sites (FUDS) and was formerly used for artillery testing, resulting in impact areas on land and in Lake Erie. This demonstration utilized Helicopter Multi-Towed Array Detection System (MTADS) Magnetometry (HeliMag) technology, a wide area assessment ... |
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| Concentrating on Dispersed Operations: Answering the Emerging Antiaccess Challenge in the Pacific Rim |
01-Apr-2007 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
William E Pinter; AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES
|
| Potential adversaries of the United States recognize that its ability to globally project combat power is essential to maintaining military dominance. Degrading US combat power projection requires a strategy of access denial which consists of geopolitical and military measures. In the Pacific Rim, the development of antiaccess capabilities is accelerating. Specifically, China has increased its procurement of ballistic, cruise, and anti-ship missiles, sea mines, and diesel submarines with a special ... |
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| Logistically Sustaining Afloat-Staged Special Operations Forces through an LPD-17 Class Single-Ship Seabase |
MAR 2007 |
139 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher A. Waldron; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Today's global terrorist threat has the ability to operate in denied and sensitive regions of the world, performing missions to undermine government control through acts of violence delivered via unconventional methods. Operations against this type of enemy require a quick and decisive military capability. The flexibility, scalability, and unconstrained maneuverability inherent in a Seabase, coupled with the decisive, powerful, and precise combat potential of Special Operations Forces (SOF), brings together ... |
|
| Application of the Community Radiative Transfer Model to Evaluate Satellite-Based Measurements Across the African Easterly Jet Over Western Africa |
MAR 2007 |
90 pages |
| Authors:
Richard D. Ernest; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) has been used to determine which polar-orbiter satellite channels are best suited to remotely sense in a cloud-free environment the lower-tropospheric temperature and moisture gradients that determine the location and intensity of the African Easterly Jet over West Africa. This study evaluates the capability of five microwave sensors and three infrared sensors, including both conical- and cross-track scanning instruments. Atmospheric profiles obtained during the ... |
|
| China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities - Background and Issues for Congress |
07 FEB 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Ronald O'Rourke; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Concern has grown in Congress and elsewhere about China's military modernization. The topic is an increasing factor in discussions over future required U.S. Navy capabilities. The issue for Congress addressed in this report is: How should China's military modernization be factored into decisions about U.S. Navy programs? Several elements of China's military modernization have potential implications for future required U.S. Navy capabilities. These include theater-range ballistic missiles (TBMs), land-attack cruise ... |
|
| Climate Change: Science and Policy Implications |
25 JAN 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Jane A. Leggett; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Almost all scientists agree that the Earth s climate is changing, having warmed by 0.6 to 0.8o Celsius (1.1 to 1.5o Fahrenheit) since the Industrial Revolution. Science indicates that the Earth s global average temperature is now approaching, or possibly has passed, the warmest experienced since human civilizations began to flourish about 12,000 years ago. During the 20th Century, some areas became wetter while others experienced more drought. Most climate ... |
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| The Thin Green Line: An Assessment of DoD's Readiness and Environmental Protection Initiative to Buffer Installation Encroachment |
01-Jan-2007 |
|
| Authors:
Anny Wong; Beth E Lachman; Susan A Resetar; RAND NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INST SANTA MONICA CA
|
| When first established decades ago, most U.S. military installations were far from major cities and towns. That is no longer true. A growing population and changing land development patterns over the past several decades have led to lands vital to military readiness being surrounded by urban, suburban, and other types of development. Such development, especially large residential tracts, can limit the installation's operational capability. Complaints about noise, dust, and smoke ... |
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| Combat Pair: The Evolution of Air Force-Navy Integration in Strike Warfare |
2007 |
|
| Authors:
Benjamin Lambeth; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA
|
| This report documents the exceptional cross-service harmony that the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy have steadily developed in their conduct of integrated strike operations since the first Persian Gulf War in 1991. That close harmony contrasts sharply with the situation that prevailed throughout most of the Cold War, when the two services maintained separate and unique operating mindsets and lacked any significant interoperability features. The most influential factor accounting ... |
|
| Test Report on the November 2005 NATO RTG-40 Active Imager Land Field Trials |
DEC 2006 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
David Tofsted; David Quintis; Sean O'Brien; Jimmy Yarbrough; Manuel Bustillos; Gail T. Vaucher; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The NATO Research Technology Group 40 (RTG-40) was established in 2003 to develop improved models of active imaging system performance to include the effects of atmospheric optical turbulence. Supporting the development of these models is the performance of naval and land field trials to provide data bases of system performance under varying turbulence conditions. In support of the land trials, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory s (ARL) Computational and Informational ... |
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| U.S. International Borders: Brief Facts |
09 NOV 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Janice C. Beaver; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| This report provides information on the international boundaries that the United States shares with Canada and Mexico. Included are data on land and water boundaries for the northern Canadian border and the southern Mexican border, as well as the international boundaries for the U.S. states that border these countries. Coastline figures for the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, the Great Lakes, and extraterritorial areas are also included. For additional information ... |
|
| U.S. Army Training and Testing Area Carrying Capacity (ATTACC) for Munitions (AFM) |
NOV 2006 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
Allan Stewart; Mike Brown; Alan B. Anderson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| The Army Training and Testing Area Carrying Capacity (ATTACC) program is a methodology used for estimating the impact of military use of maneuver lands on Army installations. The methodology was developed to determine land rehabilitation and maintenance costs associated with land-based testing and maneuver training as part of the Army's Sustainable Range Program. Results of characterization work on ranges around the country indicate that, under certain conditions and loading regimens, ... |
|
| Conceptual Model for the Transport of Energetic Residues from Surface Soil to Groundwater by Range Activities |
NOV 2006 |
169 pages |
| Authors:
Jay L. Clausen; Nic Korte; Mary Dodson; Joe Robb; Shirley Rieven; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| This report integrates and summarizes research on the fate-and-transport properties of munition energetic compounds potentially migrating to groundwater. The goals of the report are to 1) review and summarize previous work; 2) identify data gaps; 3) provide research recommendations; and integrate conclusions from peer-reviewed research, results from investigations at military ranges, and consultations with explosives experts in the United States and Canada (Waterways Experiment Station, Army Environmental Center, Defence Research ... |
|
| CTT&F: Distributed Sources Chemical Transport, Transformation and Fate Submodel |
OCT 2006 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Billy E. Johnson; Zhonglong Zhang; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| The distributed watershed Chemical Transport, Transformation and Fate (CTT&F) Sub-model was developed and documented by the Environmental Laboratory of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center to characterize spatial and temporal dynamics of chemicals from both point and non-point sources. The sub-model simulates multi-chemical transport and transformation processes across watershed systems. CTT&F has a modular, process-oriented structure so that it can be easily modified, extended, or even provide a ... |
|
| U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues |
08 SEP 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Amy F. Woolf; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| During the Cold War, the U.S. nuclear arsenal contained many types of delivery vehicles for nuclear weapons. The longer range systems, which included long-range missiles based on U.S. territory, long-range missiles based on submarines, and heavy bombers that could threaten Soviet targets from their bases in the United States, are known as strategic nuclear delivery vehicles. At the end of the Cold War, in 1991, the United States deployed more ... |
|
| Investigation of Mechanical Processes for Removing Lead-Based Paint (LBP) from Wood Siding |
SEP 2006 |
131 pages |
| Authors:
Robert H. Falk; John Janowiak; Richard G. Lampo; Thomas R. Napier; Stephen D. Cosper; Susan A. Drozdz; Steven Larson; Edgar D. Smith; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
|
| The U.S. Army is responsible for thousands of World War II-era wooden temporary buildings that must be removed in order to reduce Department of Defense (DoD) real property inventories. Most of those buildings were used long past their intended service lives and were well maintained. They contain large quantities of reusable wood materials with a significant potential resale value. Standard demolition procedures would destroy the value of that material and ... |
|
| Metrics of METOC Forecast Performance and Operational Impacts on Carrier Strike Operations |
SEP 2006 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Jeremy Callahan; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| We have developed metrics of the performance and operational impacts of METOC support to strike operations conducted on operational aircraft carriers (CVs). Our goal was to assess that support and make recommendations on improving it. We adapted an existing automated real time METOC metrics system, which was developed for land based training missions, for use on CVs by developing a new data collection form, new metrics, and new collection, analysis, ... |
|
| Distribution, Patchiness, and Behavior of Antarctic Zooplankton, Assessed Using Multi-Frequency Acoustic Techniques |
SEP 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Gareth L. Lawson; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE JOINT PROGRAM IN APPLIED OCEAN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
|
| The physical and biological forces that drive zooplankton distribution and patchiness on the antarctic continental shelf were examined, with particular emphasis on the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba. Acoustic, video, and environmental data were collected during fall and winter surveys of the Marguerite Bay region in 2001 and 2002. Improved parametenzation of a theoretical model of krill target strength was achieved through direct measurement of all model parameters. Methods were developed ... |
|
| Identification of Metabolic Routes and Catabolic Enzymes Involved in Phytoremediation of the Nitro-Substituted Explosives TNT, RDX, and HMX |
31 JUL 2006 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Jerald L. Schnoor; Benoit Van Aken; Laura B. Brentner; Sachiyo Tanaka; Brittany Flokstra; Jong M. Yoon; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY DEPT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
|
| The manufacturing and testing of energetic compounds TNT, RDX and HMX for military purposes has led to widespread contamination of soils and groundwater in the United States and across Europe. The compounds have been shown to be toxic and are considered pollutants. Phytoremediation has been shown to provide a cost-effective alternative to classical technologies for cleaning up nitro-substituted explosive-contaminated sites, which generally requires excavation followed by incineration or land filling. ... |
|
| Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Breakwater Systems |
JUL 2006 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
Jr. Hardaway C. S.; D. A> Milligan; C. A. Wilcox; L. M. Meneghini; G. R. Thomas; T. R. Comer; VIRGINIA INST OF MARINE SCIENCE GLOUCESTER POINT
|
| The use of breakwaters for shore protection on the Chesapeake Bay has increased over the past 15 years. A multiyear project evaluates post-construction data collected for 41 of these breakwaters and surrounding area including elevation surveys, vegetation, surveys, hydrodynamic analysis and photographs. This information is being accumulated into a database that will be available for evaluation and design reference and to aid in development of design guidance for short-fetch, shallow-water ... |
|
| The Malacca Dilemma - Countering China's "String of Pearls" with Land-Based Airpower |
JUN 2006 |
121 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence Spinetta; AIR UNIV MAXWELL AFB AL SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES
|
| China is strengthening diplomatic ties and building naval bases along the sea lanes from the Middle East. This "String of Pearls" strategy is designed to protect its energy security, negate US influence in the region, and project power overseas. China is rapidly building a blue-water navy, developing advanced missile technology, and stockpiling undersea mines to counter US Navy capabilities, especially in the event of a conflict over Taiwan. To counter ... |
|
| Phosphorus Equilibrium Characteristics for Soils in the Upper Eau Galle River Watershed, Wisconsin |
MAR 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
William F. James; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| The purpose of this demonstration was to examine phosphorus adsorption-desorption and equilibrium characteristics for soils collected from different land use practices in the Upper Eau Galle River watershed (Wisconsin). Land use practices included grazed pasture, row and perennial crop production, conservation reserve program or fallow land, and woodlots. This information will be important for watershed model algorithm improvements and applications that require categorization of soils as a function of phosphorus ... |
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| Sampling and Mapping Soil Erosion Cover Factor for Fort Richardson, Alaska. Integrating Stratification and an Up-Scaling Method |
MAR 2006 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Guangxing Wang; George Gertner; Alan B. Anderson; Heidi Howard; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LAB
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| When a ground and vegetation cover factor related to soil erosion is mapped with the aid of remotely sensed data, a cost-efficient sample design to collect ground data and obtain an accurate map is required. However, the supports used to collect ground data are often smaller than the desirable pixels used for mapping, which leads to complexity in developing procedures for sample design and mapping. For these purposes, a sampling ... |
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| Understanding Sediment Sources, Pathways and Sinks in Regional Sediment Management: Wash Load and Bed-Material Load Concept |
MAR 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
David S. Biedenharn; Lisa C. Hubbard; Colin R. Thorne; Chester C. Watson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
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| As water resource projects become more and more complex, there is a growing emphasis on the ability to implement effective regional sediment management. A common goal of many regional sediment management (RSM) projects is the reduction of sediment loading from the watershed. This is usually accomplished by rehabilitation features such as grade control, bank stabilization, drop pipes, and land treatments. While these features are often implemented with the stated purpose ... |
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| Games for Training: Leveraging Commercial Off the Shelf Multiplayer Gaming Software for Infantry Squad Collective Training |
SEP 2005 |
179 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph M. Noland; Jason M. Jones; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
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| Combat arms units (both Marine and Army) often do not have enough people, time and resources to properly train collective tasks at the squad level. Resources are often retained by higher headquarters due to tight deployment schedules, land restrictions, logistics constraints and a myriad of other reasons. Due to the current operational demands of combat arms brigades and regiments, the reality of limited resources is often a contributing factor in ... |
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