| Targeted Nanoparticles for Kidney Cancer Therapy |
Oct 2012 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Suzy V Torti; WAKE FOREST UNIV WINSTON-SALEM NC
|
 | The objective of this proposal is to test targeted carbon nanotubes for their ability to thermally ablate kidney cancer. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are efficient transducers of near-infrared radiation (NIR) for laser-induced thermal therapy of kidney cancer in mouse models. Our goal is to improve the anti-tumor efficacy of CNTs by designing them to target cancer cells and surrounding endothelial cells following systemic administration. Specifically, we will develop carbon nanotubes that ... |
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| Biomarkers of Renal Tumor Burden and Progression in TSC |
Sep 2012 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Elahna Paul; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| Renal lesions occur commonly in people with TSC and can cause significant morbidity and mortality [1]. Although most solid renal lesions of TSC are benign angiomyolipoma (AML), some are in fact cancerous. Moreover, rapidly growing AMLs can be life threatening when abnormal blood vessels rupture [2]. Based on the hypothesis that renal tumor growth is associated with measurable changes in urine composition and on the knowledge that angiogenesis is essential ... |
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| Noninvasive Assessment of Renal Tumor Aggressiveness Using Hyperpolarized 13C MR |
Jul 2012 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Zhen Wang; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN FRANCISCO
|
| The incidence of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) has risen significantly in the last 20 years. There is currently a critical unmet need for noninvasive biomarkers that can confidently predict the biological behavior of renal tumors in order to improve their accurate diagnosis and rational selection of treatment options. The goal of this pre-clinical study is to identify clinically translatable hyperpolarized 13C markers of RCC aggressiveness using established cell lines. In ... |
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| Early Prediction of Lupus Nephritis Using Advanced Proteomics |
Jun 2012 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Prasad Devarajan; CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER CINCINNATI OH
|
| The purpose of this project is to identify initial biomarker patterns in SLE nephritis using screening proteomic profiling. Utility of one of the biomarkers (NGAL) in predicting worsening of global and renal SLE disease activity has been validated. We have identified novel urinary biomarkers that distinguish between class IV and class V lupus nephritis, including albumin fragments and -1 acid glycoprotein(AGP) by 2D gel electrophoresis, transferrin (Tf), ceruloplasmin (Cp), lipocalin-type ... |
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| Role of Integrin-Beta1 in Polycystic Kidney Disease |
Apr 2012 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Gabriele L Gusella; MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEW YORK
|
| Increased fibrosis and integrins expression are elevated in in APDKD. The scope of the study is to assess whether integrin beta1 (Int 1) plays a role in the ADPKD. The past funding period has focused primarily on the in vivo study of the role of in the cystogenic process. We have generated conditional double knockout mice where both Itgb1 and Pkd1 genes can be simultaneously deleted. As previously described, the ... |
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| AL-Amyloidosis Presenting with Negative Congo Red Staining in the Setting of High Clinical Suspicion: A Case Report |
Jan 2012 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Kristina Bowen; Nina Shah; Matthew Lewin; WILLIAM BEAUMONT ARMY MEDICAL CENTER EL PASO TX
|
| A histologic diagnosis of amyloidosis requires acquiring tissue containing amyloid fibrils from an affected organ or alternate site. The biopsy site and staining techniques may influence testing accuracy. We present a case in which systemic amyloidosis was suspected; however, biopsies of the bone marrow, an osteosclerotic bone lesion, arterial and venous vessels, and the fat pad were all negative for the diagnostic Congo red stain. An eventual renal biopsy demonstrated ... |
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| Analysis of Citalopram and Desmethylcitalopram in Postmortem Fluids and Tissues Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry |
Oct 2011 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Russell J Lewis; Mike K Angier; Robert D Johnson; Brittany M Rains; Sarik Nepal; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is a commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. While the use of citalopram is relatively safe, certain side effects could negatively affect a pilot s performance and become a factor in an aviation accident. The side effects of this medication include nausea, tiredness, drowsiness, dizziness, and blurred vision. Due to ... |
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| Targeted Nanoparticles for Kidney Cancer Therapy |
Oct 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Suzy V Torti; WAKE FOREST COLL WINSTON-SALEM NC
|
| The overall goal of this proposal is to test targeted carbon nanotubes for their ability to thermally ablate kidney cancer. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been shown to be efficient transducers of near-infrared radiation for laser-induced thermal therapy of kidney cancer in animal models. However, the current generation of carbon nanotubes lacks the ability to selectively target cancer cells following systemic administration. In this proposal, we will develop carbon nanotubes designed ... |
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| A New Therapeutic Strategy for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Activation of AMP Kinase by Metformin |
Jul 2011 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J Caplan; YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT
|
| Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a common inherited disorder. Patients are born with normal kidneys but, over the course of decades, they develop large fluid filled cysts that damage the normal kidney tissue. The damage caused by these cysts can lead ultimately to kidney failure, necessitating kidney transplantation or dialysis. There are currently no approved medications for this condition. Recent research reveals that the formation of cysts is due ... |
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| Microsporidiosis |
JUN 2011 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Ann Cali; Ronald C. Neafie; Peter M. Takvorian; RUTGERS - THE STATE UNIV NEWARK NJ
|
| Definition Microsporidiosis is infection by eukaryotic unicellular protists of the phylum Microsporidia. They are considered most closely related to the fungi, but customarily are discussed among the protozoa. Several genera of microsporidia have been identified in human infections: Nosema, Brachiola, Vittaforma, Pleistophora, Trachipleistophora, Enterocytozoon, Encephalitozoon, Septata, and Anncaliia All microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites, but pathologic changes vary with genus and species. In humans, infection may be latent or subclinical ... |
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| Visual Enhancement of Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy With 3-Charge Coupled Device Camera: Assessing Intraoperative Tissue Perfusion and Vascular Anatomy by Visible Hemoglobin Spectral Response |
Oct 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Nicole J Crane; Suzanne M Gillern; Kambiz Tajkarimi; Ira W Levin; Peter A Pinto; Eric A Elster; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| We report the novel use of 3-charge coupled device camera tochnology to infer tissue oxygenation. The technique can aid surgeons to reliably differentiate vascular structures and noninvasively assess laparoscopic intraoperative changes in renal tissue perfusion during and after warm ischemia. |
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| Pathogenesis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain 86-24 Following Oral Infection of BALB/c Mice with an Intact Commensal Flora |
Jan 2010 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Krystle L Mohawk; Angela R Melton-Celsa; Tonia Zangari; Erica E Carroll; Alison D O'Brien; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Escherichia coli 0 157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen that can cause hemorrhagic colitis and. occasionally. hemolytic uremic syndrome, a sequela of infection that can result in renal failure and death. Here we sought to model the pathogenesis of orally-administered E. coli 0157:H7 in BALB/c mice with an intact intestinal nora. First. we defined the optimal dose that permitted sustained fecal shedding of E. coli 0157:H7 over 7 days ( -109 ... |
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| Prevalence and Factors Associated with Renal Dysfunction Among HIV-Infected Patients |
Jan 2010 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Nancy Crum-Cianflone; Anuradha Ganesan; Nimta Teneza-Mora; Mark Riddle; Sheila Medina; Irma Barahona; Stephanie Brodine; NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Renal dysfunction is an increasingly recognized non-AIDS--defining comorbidity among HIV -infected persons. The role of HIV-related factors in renal dysfunction remains unclear. We performed a cross-sectional study at two military clinics with open access to care to determine the impact of HIV factors, including antiretroviral therapy, on renal function. Renal dysfunction was defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 60 mL/min/ 1.73 m . We evaluated 717 HIV patients ... |
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| Determination of Etomidate in Human Postmortem Fluids and Tissues |
Feb-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D Johnson; Russell J Lewis; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROSPACE MEDICAL INST
|
| Following an aviation accident, biological specimens from the operator of the aircraft are submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute for toxicological analysis. During the course of medical treatment following an aviation accident, pilots who later died as a result of their injuries may have been administered etomidate as an intravenous anesthetic. Our laboratory has developed a sensitive method for the identification and quantitation of etomidate in ... |
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| Experience With Intravenous Ribavirin in the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome in Korea |
Jan-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Janice M Rusnak; Katie Y Kim; Philip Pittman; Thomas Cosgriff; Ellen F Boudreau; Theodore T Kim; Paul H Gibbs; Kyung N Chung; William R Byrne; Marianne S Erlichman; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Results of a clinical study using intravenous (IV) ribavirin for treating Department of Defense personnel with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) acquired in Korea from 1987 to 2005 were reviewed to determine the clinical course of HFRS treated with IV ribavirin. A total of 38 individuals enrolled in the study had subsequent serological confirmation of HFRS. Four of the 38 individuals received three or fewer doses of ribavirin and ... |
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| Severe Tissue Trauma Triggers the Autoimmune State Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the MRL/++ Lupus-Prone Mouse |
Jan-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
K Anam; M Amare; S Naik; K A Szabo; T A Davis; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Tissue damage associated with a severe injury can result in profound inflammatory responses that may trigger autoimmune development in lupus-prone individuals. In this study, we investigated the role of a large full-thickness cutaneous bum injury on the early onset of autoimmune disease in lupus-prone MRL/++ mice. MRL/++ mice (chronic model) exhibit autoimmune symptoms at 70 weeks of age, whereas MRL/-Fas1pr mice (acute model) develop autoimmune disease in 1722 weeks due ... |
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| Vitamin D Supplementation in Submarines |
02-Dec-2008 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey Gertner; Wayne Horn; NAVAL SUBMARINE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB GROTON CT
|
| Vitamin D is primarily recognized for its role in calcium homeostasis. However, recent research has suggested that the functions of vitamin D may be more numerous and complex. This paper is a review of basic physiology of vitamin D, recent research, and how it applies to submarine crews. Epidemiological and cellular research indicate that vitamin D may play a role in autoimmune disorders and cancer formation. These studies are not ... |
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| A Search for New Therapeutic Targets: Using Yeast to Find the GEF for Rheb |
Jul-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Janet Leatherwood; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT STONY BROOK RESEARCH FOUNDATION
|
| The Tsc1/2 complex known as Hamartin/Tuberin is mutated in the human disease Tuberous Sclerosis and such mutation predisposes for cancer. Tsc1/2 complex has a clearly established chemical release a GTPase Activating Protein or GAP for the small GTPase Rheb. Rheb in turn regulates TOP. The Tor kinases and associated proteins are large complex units that integrate signals pertaining to nutrients and proliferation potential. Tor promotes growth and proliferation and thus ... |
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| Structural Basis for TSC-1 TSC-2 Complex Formation |
01 MAR 2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Ladias; BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER BOSTON MA
|
| Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurological disorder characterized by the formation of hamartomas in brain skin kidney and other organs. The tumor suppressor genes TSCI and TSC2 encode the proteins hamartin and tuberin respectively. The tuberin(1-418) region interacts with hamartin(302-430) forming the TSC1-TSC2 complex that functions in cell growth regulation. Certain mutations in TSC patients disrupt the hamartin-tuberin interaction indicating that association of these proteins is required for their ... |
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| Practical Use of Emergency Tourniquets to Stop Bleeding in Major Limb Trauma |
FEB 2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Jr. Kragh John F.; Thomas J. Walters; David G. Baer; Charles J. Fox; Charles E. Wade; Jose Salinas; John B. Holcomb; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
|
| Background: Previously we showed that tourniquets were lifesaving devices in the current war. Few studies, however, describe their actual morbidity in combat casualties. The purpose of this study was to measure tourniquet use and complications. Methods: A prospective survey of casualties who required tourniquets was performed at a combat support hospital in Baghdad during 7 months in 2006. Patients were evaluated for tourniquet use, limb outcome, and morbidity. We identified ... |
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| Mixing of M Segment DNA Vaccines to Hantaan Virus and Puumala Virus Reduces Their Immunogenicity in Hamsters |
01-Jan-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Kristin W Spik; Catherine Badger; Iacob Mathiessen; Torunn Tjelle; Jay W Hooper; Connie Schmaljohn; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| To determine if DNA vaccines for two hantaviruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Hantaan virus and Puumala virus, are immunogenic when given in combination, we delivered them to hamsters separately or as mixtures by gene gun or by electroporation. Both vaccines elicited neutralizing antibodies when given alone but when they were delivered as a mixture, antibodies to only one of the two hantaviruses could be detected. In contrast, if ... |
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| Water Sparing in Chronic Ethanol Exposure is Associated With Elevated Renal Estrogen Receptor Beta and Vasopressin V2 Receptor mRNA in the Female Rate |
DEC 2007 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Odaro J. Huckstep; HAWAII UNIV AT MANOA HONOLULU
|
| Fluid handling is known to differ between males and females. Interactions between sex steroids such as estrogen with fluid regulating hormones like vasopressin (VP) are likely key to establishing these differences. Research has identified estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and Beta in renal tissue which may affect renal fluid handling. Thus, this study hypothesized that chronic ethanol exposure would elicit different alterations to water load excretion between male and female Sprague ... |
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| Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Improves Survival in Severely Burned Military Casualties With Acute Kidney Injury |
OCT 2007 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin K. Chung; Juncos Luis A.; Steven E. Wolf; Elizabeth E. Mann; Evan M. Renz; Christopher E. White; David J. Barillo; Richard A. Clark; John A. Jones; Harcourt P. Edgecombe; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
|
| Background: Acute kidney injury in severely burned patients is associated with high mortality. We wondered whether early use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) changes outcomes in severely burned military casualties with predetermined criteria for acute kidney injury. Methods: Between November 2005 and June 2007, casualties admitted to our burn intensive care unit after sustaining burns in Iraq and Afghanistan, who subsequently developed acute kidney injury or circulatory shock or ... |
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| Multifactorial Assessment of Depleted Uranium Neurotoxicity |
DEC 2006 |
121 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard S. Jortner; VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST BLACKSBURG
|
| THIS WAS A 5-YEAR PROJECT TO EXPERIMENTALLY ASSESS THE NEUROTOXICOLOGIC POTENTIAL OF EXPOSURE TO DEPLETED URANIUM (DU), AND THE ROLE OF STRESS IN ALTERING THE TOXICITY. THE PROJECT INVOLVED DETERMINATION OF THE TOXICOKINETICS OF DU IN THE BRAIN, DEVELOPMENT OF A RELEVANT STRESS MODEL, AND STUDY OF NEUROTOXIC EFFFECTS OF A SINGLE (ACUTE) EXPOSURE TO SOLUBLE DU AND TO LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO IMPLANTED PELLETED DU, AND THEIR MODIFICATION BY STRESS. ... |
|
| Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields |
27 NOV 2006 |
1508 pages |
| Authors:
IOANNINA UNIV (GREECE)
|
| The Final Proceedings for Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields held on 16-20 October 2006. |
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| TSC2 Happloinsufficiency Leads to a Mutator Phenotype |
NOV 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
John D. Short; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) patients develop tumors of the brain, kidney, skin and heart upon loss of either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, and we are interested in elucidating early molecular events that contribute to loss of TSC2 and in understanding how TSC2 heterozygosity might contribute to this process. Our lab uses the Eker rat, which possesses an inactivating retroviral insertion in one Tsc2 allele (Tsc2Ek/+), as a model to ... |
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| Alkylating Derivatives of Vitamin D Hormone for Prostate Cancer |
OCT 2006 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Rahul Ray; BOSTON UNIV MA
|
| The most significant achievement of this period is the development of a synthetic scheme to produce substantial quantity of our target compound i.e. 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3-3-bromoacetate. This is extremely important for the current project and for the future development of this compound for prostate cancer. We have also screened this compound against prostate and kidney cancer cells for its antiproloferative activity. In addition we have developed a mouse xenograft model ... |
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| Hantaan/Andes virus DNA Vaccine Elicits a Broadly Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Antibody Response in Nonhuman Primates |
2006 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Jay W. Hooper; David M. Custer; Jeffrey Smith; Victoria Wahl-Jensen; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| At least four hantavirus species cause disease with prominent renal involvement hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS); and several hantavirus strains cause disease with significant pulmonary involvement- hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The most prevalent and lethal hantaviruses associated with HFRS and HPS are Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Andes virus (ANDV), respectively. Here, we constructed a DNA vaccine plasmid (pWRG/HA-M) that contains both the HTNV and ANDV M gene segments. Rhesus ... |
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| Pharmacologic Modification of the Cellular Energy Changes Produced by Hemorrhagic Shock |
DEC 2005 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
III Van Way Charles; MISSOURI UNIV-KANSAS CITY
|
| Resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock with fluid (Ringer's Lactate) and blood may not correct all of the metabolic abnormalities associated with shock. Patients who are apparently fully resuscitated may yet develop organ failure syndromes such as respiratory failure and renal failure. The objective of our research has been to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of three pharmacological agents which have been suggested as adjuncts to standard resuscitation (glutamine, crocetin, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)) ... |
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| Use of Beta-Blockers and Aspirin in Acute Coronary Syndromes by Patient Renal Function in the Military Healthcare Systems, National Capital Area |
OCT 2005 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin C. Abbott; WALTER REED ARMY MEDICAL CENTER WASHINGTON DC
|
| Whether the previously reported underutilization of standard-of-care medications in the management of acute myocardial infarcton (AMI) persists in more recent years or differs by ward of admission has not been reported. We performed a cross-sectional study of patients admitted with initial episodes of AMI to a Department of Defense (DOD) hospital system from 2001 through 2004. Use of beta-blockers (BB) and aspirin (ASA) at the time of discharge after AMI ... |
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| Mechanisms Down-Regulating Sprouty1, a Growth Inhibitor in Prostate Cancer |
OCT 2005 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard Kwabi-Addo; BAYLOR COLL OF MEDICINE HOUSTON TX
|
| The Sprouty gene family negatively regulates growth factor-induced receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. I have demonstrated that Sprouty1 and 4 are down-regulated in human prostate cancers. The purpose off the present study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) regulating Sprouty expression in prostate cancer. I have carried out DNA methylation analysis on 20 matched normal prostate tissues and tumor prostate tissues (at least 70% of tissue is carcinoma) in the 5' ... |
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| Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness |
OCT 2005 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Johnnye L. Lewis; Graham Bench; Fletcher F. Hahn; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE
|
| This study investigates the potential for inhaled uranium oxide (UO) aerosols to penetrate the nose-brain barrier, directly enter the central nervous system (CNS), distribute within the CNS, and result in slowly developing neurotoxicity. Inhalation exposures to depleted uranium (DU) may have occurred during the GW in several scenarios of varying duration and airborne uranium concentration. Nasal inflammation could alter sensitivity to uranium uptake. Nephrotoxic and pulmonary effects are evaluated to ... |
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| Enabling Technologies for Advanced Soft Tissue Modeling |
SEP 2005 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Steven L. Dawson; Robert Howe; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
|
| This research project, in its fourth year, continues to contribute to the suite of instruments, models and data for describing soft biological tissues. Accomplishments include: our first publication of our techniques and results in a major biomechanics journal; the development of a useful and detailed model describing the poroviscous, hyperelastic character of tissues; development of inverse techniques for the extraction of the characteristic parameters from this model, using existing pathological ... |
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| Poppy Seed Consumption or Opiate Use: The Determination of Thebaine and Opiates of Abuse in Postmortem Fluids and Tissues |
JUN 2005 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Robert D. Johnson; Russell J. Lewis; Rachael A. Hattrup; FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OKLAHOMA CITY OK CIVIL AEROMEDICAL INST
|
| Opiates are some of the most widely prescribed drugs in America. Some opiate compounds are highly addictive and are often abused. Opiate abuse transcends all social, racial, and economic boundaries. Demonstrating the presence or absence of opiate compounds in postmortem fluids and/or tissues derived from fatal civil aviation accidents can have serious legal consequences and may help determine the cause of impairment and/or death. However, the consumption of poppy seed ... |
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| Optimized NSAIDS for Breast Cancer Prevention |
APR 2005 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis A. Carson; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA
|
| Population studies have shown that women who use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) develop breast cancer less frequently. However, these drugs have side effects toward the stomach, liver and kidneys, particularly at the high doses potentially required to prevent breast cancer. Also, how these agents prevent breast cancer is not understood. This project will develop an optimized NSAID for breast cancer prevention that can be taken safely at high doses, and ... |
|
| Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosols: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness |
OCT 2004 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Johnnye L. Lewis; Graham Bench; Fletcher F. Hahn; NEW MEXICO UNIV ALBUQUERQUE HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER
|
| This study investigates the potential for inhaled uranium oxide (UO) aerosols to penetrate the nose-brain barrier, directly enter the central nervous system (ONS), distribute within the ONS, and result in slowly developing neurotoxicity. Substantial inhalation exposures to depleted uranium (DU) may have occurred during the GW in several scenarios of varying duration and airborne uranium concentration. Penetration of the nose-brain barrier can result in CNS deposition of metals even if ... |
|
| Development of a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Trichloroethylene and Its Metabolities for Use in Risk Assessment |
SEP 2004 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Tammie R. Covington; Harvey J. Clewell; Jeffrey W. Fisher; ENVIRON HEALTH SCIENCE INST RUSTON LA
|
| A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed which provides a comprehensive description of the kinetics of trichioroethylene (TCE) and its metabolites, trichioroethanol (TCOH), and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), in the mouse, rat, and human, for both oral and inhalation exposure. The model includes descriptions of the three principal target tissues for cancer identified in animal bloassays: liver, lung, and kidney. Dose metrics that can be calculated with the model for ... |
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| Continued Use of Zonisamide Following Development of Renal Calculi |
15 JUL 2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Karen C. Richards; Michael C. Smith; Amit Verma; BAYLOR COLL OF MEDICINE HOUSTON TX
|
| The reported incidence of renal calculi complicating Zonisamide (ZNS) therapy for epilepsy ranges from 0.2 to 4.4%(exp 1-3) Typically this complication leads to discontinuation of the drug. For patients uniquely responsive to Zonisamide, the benefits of continued treatment may outweigh the risk of calculus recurrence. We report three patients who developed nephrolithiasis but continued ZNS treatment without recurrence of calculi. |
|
| Impact of 30-Day Oral Dosing With N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine on Sprague-Dawley Rat Physiology |
JUL 2004 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Darryl P. Arfsten; Eric W. Johnson; Angie R. Thitoff; Anne Jung; Erin R. Wilfong; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER (DET) WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS LAB
|
| A number of studies have demonstrated a protective effect associated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) against toxic chemical exposure. However, the impact of long-term oral dosing on tssue pathology has not been determined. In this study, we assessed the impact of long-term oral NAC administration on organ histopathology and tissue glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity levels in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Groups of 20 SD rats (10 male, 10 female), 8 ... |
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| The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials |
21 MAY 2004 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Eric A. Elster; Douglas A. Hale; Roslyn B. Mannon; Linda C. Cendales; S. J. Swanson; Allan D. Kirk; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Organ transplantation has become a standard life-saving therapy for many causes of end stage organ failure. Although valuable, it remains hampered by the requirement for, and complications of, immunosuppression to prevent immune rejection of the transplanted organ. It is now clear that rejection can be avoided in some experimental systems without a requirement of immunosuppressive medication, and these experimental concepts are now making their way into the clinic in the ... |
|
| Determination of Partition coefficients for a Mixture of Volatile Organic Compounds in Rats and Humans at Different Life Stages |
MAY 2004 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Deidre A. Mahle; Jeffrey M. Gearhart; Richard J. Godfrey; David R. Mattie; Robert S. Cook; Claude C. Grisby; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| Pharmacokinetic differences in child, adult and elderly populations remain ill defined. Partition coefficients (PCs) are an integral component of pharmacokinetic models and determining differences in tissue partitioning of volatile organic chemicals across life stages can help reduce the uncertainty in risk assessment. PCs for methylene chloride 1 methyl ethyl ketone, chloroform, benzene, trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene were determined in blood, liver, kidney, fat, muscle and brain of male adult (60 days) ... |
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| Optical Imaging of Mammaglobin Expression in Breast Cancer |
MAY 2004 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Samuel Achilefu; WASHINGTON UNIV ST LOUIS MO
|
| Mammaglobin (MMG) is a breast-specific glycoprotein that is over- expressed in nearly 80% of primary and metastatic breast cancers. The exact biological function of this secreted protein is not known. An important step towards understanding the role of MMG in breast carcinogenesis is to monitor its expression in MMG-expressing tumors. This step could be accomplished by labeling antibodies directed to MMG with radioactive or fluorescent antennas. To evaluate the presence ... |
|
| Operator Functional State Assessment (l'evaluation de i'aptitude operationnelle de i'operateur humain) |
FEB 2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
R. Carter; S. N. Cheuvront; M. N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining fighting effectiveness, and several common operational stresses can result in relatively large alterations in TBW content and distribution. During most "normal" conditions, humans have little trouble maintaining optimal fluid balance. However, many factors such as sickness, physical exercise, climatic exposure (heat, cold, and altitude), and psychological strain can lead to significant disturbances in water balance (Sawka, 1988). Perhaps the best example involves heat stress ... |
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| Identification of Seoul Hantavirus in Rattus Norvegicus in Indonesia |
2004 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Angelina Plyusnina; Ima-Nurisa Ibrahim; Imelda Winoto; Kevin R. Porter; Ida B. Gotama; Ake Lundkvist; Antti Vaheri; Alexander Plyusnin; HELSINKI UNIV (FINLAND) DEPT OF VIROLOGY
|
| The first genetic evidence for the presence of Seoul hantavirus (SEOV) in Indonesia is presented. Partial M segment sequence was recovered from the lung tissue of Rattus norvegicus trapped in central Jakarta. The sequence belongs to SEOV genotype and is most closely related to the strain B-1 from Japan. |
|
| Investigation of SNARE-Mediated Membrane Trafficking in Prostate Cancer Cells |
NOV 2003 |
58 pages |
| Authors:
Xin Li; CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION OH
|
| In order to better understand how polarized membrane trafficking pathways change during the loss of epithelial cell polarity during cancer progression we have studied syntaxins 3 and 4 in prostate cancer. Tumors of different stages from a TRAMP mice, human prostate cancers, and human prostate cancer cell lines were investigated for the expression and subcellular localization of syntaxins 3 and 4 by confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis. Like in ... |
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| Vasopressin Regulation and Renal Fluid and Electrolyte Handling in Rat Models of Acute and Chronic Alcohol Exposure |
OCT 2003 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Catherine F. Uyehara; TRIPLER ARMY MEDICAL CENTER HI
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| Fluid and electrolyte balance is affected differently at different stages of alcohol use. In this study, we examine the role of vasopressin (VP), an important hormone in body fluid regulation, in the physiological response to alcohol. A transient decrease in circulating VP levels occurs immediately after acute alcohol administration, but VP levels return to baseline levels while alcohol is still present in the blood, and there is no prolonged deficiency ... |
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| Enabling Technologies for Advanced Soft Tissue Modeling |
SEP 2003 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Steven L. Dawson; Robert Howe; Mark P. Ottensmeyer; Amy Kerdok; Anna M. Galea; MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL BOSTON
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| Soft tissue properties represent a major and significant unknown in the domain of medical modeling and simulation. This program presents a 4-year research effort in defining tissue characteristics of three distinct organs (liver, spleen, and kidney) in vivo. Over the course of this program, we will use novel methods of tissue interrogation to characterize non-linear behavior during slow deformations, as would commonly be seen during surgical manipulations. We will then ... |
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| Optical Imaging of Mammaglobin Expression of Breast Cancer |
MAY 2003 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Samuel Achilefu; WASHINGTON UNIV ST LOUIS MO
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| Mammaglobin (MMG) is a breast-specific glycoprotein that is over- expressed in 80% of all primary and metastatic breast cancer. Despite its uniqueness as a breast-specific cancer marker, the utility of MMG in breast cancer imaging has not been explored. Consequently, the goal of this project is to evaluate the potential of imaging the expression of MMG in established human breast cancer models. TO accomplish this goal, we labeled polyclonal and ... |
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| Pre-Clinical Studies of Dendritic Cell-Tumor Cell Fusion Vaccines to Treat Breast Cancer |
NOV 2002 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Emmanuel T. Akporiaye; Katrina T. Trevor; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON
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| Dendritic cells (DC) are highly potent antigen-presenting cells that are gaining status as a preferred adjuvant for cancer vaccine immunotherapy. DC derive their potency from the expression of MHC class I and MHC class II molecules, costimulatory molecules and adhesion molecules that provide secondary signals for the stimulation of naive T cells, CD4+ T-helper cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), NK and NKT cells (1,2). Because DC have the capacity ... |
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| Control of Alcoholism-Related Folate Deficiency by Regulation of Urinary Folate Excretion |
OCT 2002 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth E. McMartin; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV IN SHREVEPORT HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER
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| Health-related consequences of heavy drinking include nutritional deficiencies. Folate deficiency occurs from multiple causes including increased urinary folate excretion. Ethanol decreases the renal reabsorption of folate leading to increased excretion The main aim of this research is to determine the mechanism by which ethanol decreases folate transport by the kidney. Initially the effects of ethanol on expression of the two renal transport proteins the folate receptor (FR) and the reduced ... |
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