| Patients Presenting with Miliaria While Wearing Flame Resistant Clothing in High Ambient Temperatures: A Case Series |
22 Sep 2011 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
III Carter Robert; Anisa M Garcia; Brian E Souhan; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
 | Clothing can be a cause of occupational dermatitis. Frequent causes of clothing-related dermatological problems can be the fabric itself and/or chemical additives used in the laundering process, friction from certain fabrics excessively rubbing the skin, or heat retention from perspiration-soaked clothing in hot working environments. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of miliaria rubra associated with prolonged use of flame resistant clothing in the ... |
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| Effects of Irritant Chemicals on Aedes aegypti Resting Behavior: Is There a Simple Shift to Untreated "Safe Sites"? |
26 JUL 2011 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Hortance Manda; Luana M. Arce; Tarra Foggie; Pankhil Shah; John P. Grieco; Nicole L. Achee; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND BIOMETRICS
|
| Background: Previous studies have identified the behavioral responses of Aedes aegypti to irritant and repellent chemicals that can be exploited to reduce man-vector contact. Maximum efficacy of interventions based on irritant chemical actions will, however, require full knowledge of variables that influence vector resting behavior and how untreated "safe sites" contribute to overall impact. Methods: Using a laboratory box assay, resting patterns of two population strains of female Ae. aegypti ... |
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| Acute Dermal Irritation Study of JP-8 and S-8 in New Zealand White Rabbits |
JAN 2011 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Jonathan M. Hurley; Dean Wagner; Teresa R. Sterner; David R. Mattie; WIL RESEARCH LABORATORIES INC ASHLAND OH
|
| The objective of this study was to determine the irritative potential of JP-8, S-8 and a 50/50 volume/volume mixture of JP-8 and S-8 following a single exposure to the skin of albino rabbits. Three groups of three albino rabbits received a single, four-hour, occluded exposure and an additional three groups received a single, four-hour, semi-occluded exposure. Doses (0.5 mL) of the test substances were applied to clipped, unabraded skin. At ... |
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| Past, Present and Emerging Toxicity Issues for Jet Fuel |
2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
David R. Mattie; Teresa R. Sterner; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH HUMAN PERFORMANCE WING (711TH) BIOSCIENCES AND PERFORMANCE DIV/APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY BRANCH
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| The US Air Force wrote the specification for the first official hydrocarbon-based jet fuel, JP-4, in 1951. This paper will briefly review the toxicity of the current fuel, JP-8, as compared to JP-4. JP-8 has been found to have low acute toxicity with the adverse effects being slight dermal irritation and weak dermal sensitization in animals. JP-4 also has low acute toxicity with slight dermal irritation as the adverse effect. ... |
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| Department of Transportation Inhalation Test of Neutralized GB Hydrolysate in Sprague-Dawley Rats |
May-2009 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Muse; William T Jr; Ronald A Evans; Charles L Crouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DIR
|
| The Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives (ACWA) Program has been tasked to demonstrate alternative technologies that will safely dispose of assembled chemicals munitions through means other than incineration. The ACWA program is currently investigating GB hydrolysate, a product solution resulting from chemically neutralizing GB with aqueous sodium hydroxide (pH 12.8) as an acceptably treated waste that can be transported offsite for secondary treatment. An acute inhalation toxicity test was conducted on ... |
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| The Assessment of a Novel In Situ Forming Wound Dressing for Military Use |
Dec-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Sameer Shums; John Jackson; Arthur Lu; Xiaowen Zhai; Thomas Hirt; Fiona Carney; BIOCURE INC NORCROSS GA
|
| Presented is an evaluation of the biocompatibility and physical properties of a novel hydrogel which cures in situ to form an effective wound dressing. This dressing has the capability of meeting the needs of both the far forward soldier and for use in hospital settings. The GelSpray(Trademark) product platform was developed by BioCure, Inc. [Norcross, GA.] in concert with the Center for Military Biomaterials Research (CeMBR). The GelSpray(Trademark) formulation has ... |
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| Characteristics of Mustard (Blister) Agents |
OCT 2007 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY CHEMICAL MATERIALS AGENCY ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Mustard (blister) agent, purified sulfur mustard or distilled mustard, has a 5 percent sulfur impurity, less odor and greater blistering power than the original mustard agent used in World War I. Mustard agent is also known as H, HD or HT. Agent H contains about 20-30 percent impurities and HD is a nearly pure substance. HT is a mixture of 60 percent HD and 40 percent of another substance called ... |
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| A Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) and Studies Supporting the Medical Chemical Defense Program: Task Order 0008, Phase I and II: Canadian Reactive Skin Decontamination Lotion (RSDL) |
AUG 2004 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Carl T. Olson; James E. Estep; Carol L. Sabourin; Tom Snider; Timothy Hayes; BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST COLUMBUS OH
|
| Battelle's Medical Research and Evaluation Facility (MREF) was tasked to determine the decontaminant effectiveness of Reactive Skin Decontaminant Lotion (RSDL) and to assist U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity (USAMMDA) in requesting a marketing clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as part of the Foreign Comparative Testing (FCT) program and the Joint Services Fixed Site Decontamination System (JSFXD) Program. The task was divided into two phases. Phase ... |
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| Sensory Irritation Study in Mice: JP-5, JP-TS, JP-7, DFM, JP-10 |
JUL 2004 |
116 pages |
| Authors:
Frederick T. Whitman; John P. Hinz; EXXONMOBIL BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INC ANNADALE NJ LABORATORY OPERATIONS
|
| AFIOH (formerly the Air Force Institute for Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Risk Analysis AFIERA), in concert with Army and Navy colleagues, designed a study based on ASTM's "Standard Method E 981-84" to characterize and compare the relative potency of five hydrocarbon fuels to cause respiratory tract sensory irritation. These fuels (JP-5, JP-TS, JP-7, DFM, JP- 1O) were administered for 30 minute periods by means of a head-only exposure system ... |
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| Neutralization Effects of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Antibodies on Sulfur Mustard (HD)-Induced IL-6 Secretion on Human Epidermal Keratinocytes |
2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Carmen M. Arroyo; Damon L. Burman; Richard E. Sweeney; Clarence A. Broomfield; Michelle C. Ross; Jr. Hackley Brennie E.; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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| The proinflammatory cytokine human interleukin-6 (hIL-6) plays an important role in the early and late courses of inflammation, trauma, and wound healing caused by sulfur mustard (HD). Previously, we demonstrated that hIL-6 might be involved in the early event of structural changes of the signal transducer glycoprotein, which indirectly initiates the cascade of events, such as skin irritation and blister formation observed in the pathophysiology of HD injury. In this ... |
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| The Effect of Jet Fuels on the Skin Irritation and Neuropeptide Release |
DEC 2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mandip S. Sachdeva; FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL UNIV TALLAHASSEE FL COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
|
| Excised Hairless rat skin (CD(SD)Hr.Bi,Male rats) was used for permeation and absorption studies. The studies were conducted on Franz diffusion cells using 6% Brij in normal saline (37sC) as the receptor medium which was stirred with a magnetic bar at 600 rev./min. Nonane, dodecane, tetradecane, benzene and xylene (O.5ml) spiked with 2.5muCi of respective radiolabled chemical was placed in the donor compartment. The receptor samples were analyzed by Liquid scintillation ... |
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| Test Methods for Sodalime Carbon Dioxide Absorbents |
AUG 2002 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
E. T. Long; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
|
| The following are general safety precautions that are not related to any specific procedures; therefore, they do not appear elsewhere in this document. These are recommended precautions that personnel must understand and use during various phases of testing and evaluation. STANDARD SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: Safety precautions for unmanned testing are normal precautions associated with testing at pressures of 5000 psig or less. To minimize safety risks, operating personnel shall adhere to ... |
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| Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Chemically Neutralized/Hydrolyzed VX in Rats. SCWO Effluent Prior to Evaporation SCWO Effluent Post-Evaluation |
APR 2002 |
|
| Authors:
William T. Muse Jr.; J. S. Anthony; Sandra A. Thomson; Charles L. Crouse; Lee C. Crouse; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
 | The chemical agent VX was neutralized through a series of chemical and oxidative reactions to produce two markedly less toxic effluent streams. The first stream, which came directly from a Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) reaction was identified as SCWO Effluent Prior to Evaporation. The second stream, which went through an evaporation/distillation process after the SCWO reaction was identified as SCWO Effluent Post-Evaporation. An acute inhalation toxicity test was conducted on ... |
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| Percutaneous Absorption of Chemical Mixtures Relevant to the Gulf War |
FEB 2002 |
163 pages |
| Authors:
Jim E. Riviere; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH
|
| The focus of this research was to quantitate the dermal absorption and cutaneous toxicity of chemical mixtures relevant to the Gulf War Illness. These studies employed in vitro porcine skin models, as well as inert membrane and human epidermal keratinocyte cell cultures. Percutaneous absorption of topically dosed N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and (14)C-permethrin was assessed after co-exposure to infused pyridostigmine bromide, diisopropylfluorphosphate (DFP); and/or topical exposure to ethanol/water vehicles, low-level sulfur mustard ... |
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| Sensory Irritation Study in Mice: JP-4, JP-8, JP-8+100 |
29 AUG 2001 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Frederick T. Whitman; John P. Hinz; EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING CO ANNANDALE NJ
|
| AFIERA, in concert with Army and Navy colleagues, designed a study based on ASTM's 'Standard Method E 981-84' to characterize and compare the relative potency of three jet fuels to cause respiratory tract sensory irritation. These fuels were JP-4, JP-8 and JP-8 + 100. These fuels were administered for 30 minute periods by means of a head-only exposure system to groups of four male Swiss-Webster mice. Test atmospheres laden with ... |
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| Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Chemically Neutralized HD in Rats |
SEP 2000 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
William T. Muse Jr.; J. S. Anthony; Sandra A. Thomson; Charles L. Crouse; Lee C. Crouse; GEO-CENTERS INC NEWTON CENTRE MA
|
| The chemical agent HD (sulfur mustard) was neutralized by hot water (90 C) hydrolysis to produce a markedly less toxic wastestream (product solution). An acute inhalation toxicity test was conducted on the HI) neutralized solution to assess the inhalation hazard per Department of Transportation (DOT) guidelines. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 1 hr to an aerosol concentration of 5.4 mg/L, which consisted primarily of the ... |
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| Effects of JP-8 on Molecular and Histological Parameters Related to Acute Skin Irritation |
JUN 2000 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
M. B. Kabbur; W. W. Brinkley; J. V. Rogers; P. G. Gunasekar; C. M. Garrett; K. T. Geiss; J. N. McDougal; HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH OPERATIONAL TOXICOLOGY BRANCH
|
| Organic chemicals such as jet fuels and solvents are recognized to cause skin irritation after dermal exposure. The molecular responses to these chemicals that result in acute irritation are not understood well enough to allow the establishment and selection of safe exposure limits. We conducted studies to determine the feasibility of measuring various inflammatory mediators, including IL-1 alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide. Male F-344 rats were ... |
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| Influence of an Antiperspirant on Foot Blister Incidence during Cross- Country Hiking |
NOV 1999 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph J. Knapik; Katy Reynolds; John Barson; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE (PROVISIONAL) ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Rubbing moist skin results in higher frictional forces than rubbing very dry skin. As friction increases, the probability of activity-related blisters also increases. Therefore reducing Moisture may reduce blister incidence during physical activity. Objective: We examined whether an antiperspirant can reduce foot blisters during hiking. Methods: In a double- blind study, cadets attending the U.S. Military Academy were separated into two groups that ... |
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| Toxicological Evaluation of VX Decontamination Wastestreams According toDepartment of Transportation (DoT) Test Procedures |
FEB 1999 |
|
| Authors:
James H. Manthei; Ruth A. Way; Bernardita I. Gaviola; David C. Burnett; Dean M. Bona; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Both rat oral (intubation) and rabbit dermal toxicity tests were conducted with various VX-waste stream products according to established DoT (49 CFR) procedures. The Super Critical Water Oxidation (SCWO) distillate sample produced no observable toxic effects in either rats or rabbits. A VX/NaOH reaction product (M12-02-05-VT-0358) produced severe dermal irritation to include necrosis to intact rabbit skin and gastric necrosis in rats dosed orally. No ... |
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| Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Neutralized GB in Rats by the Munitions Management Device, Version 1 (MMD-1) Wastestream Process |
OCT 1998 |
|
| Authors:
William T. Muse Jr; Steven J. Anthony; Eugene J. Olajos; Sandra A. Thomson; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
|
| The chemical agent GB (Sarin) was neutralized by the MMD-1 process to produce a markedly less toxic wastestream (product solution), which could then be handled in a manner similar to industrial wastes. An acute inhalation toxicity was conducted on the neutralized waste to assess the inhalation hazard per Department of Transportation (DOT) guidelines. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 1 hr to vaporized components of the product solution resultant from the ... |
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| Toxicological Evaluation/Verification of Decontamination Procedures/ Products from Alternative Technologies for Chemical Demilitarization: Department of Transportation (DOT) Test Results for a Mustard (HD) Wastestream |
MAR 1998 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
James H. Manthei; Ruth A. Way; Deam M. Bona; Bernadita I. Gaviola; Kenneth P. Cameron; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
|
| The Alternative Technology Program was tasked by Congress to research for an acceptable procedure other than incineration to reduce the U.S. Army's mustard (HD) stockpile to non-toxic and hazardous waste. The search for this best destruction method has resulted in the selection of a HD water reaction in which HD is reacted with 90 deg C water to form water, thiodiglycol, and salts. This reaction can then be biodegraded and ... |
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| Toxicological Evaluation/Verification of Decontamination Procedures/ Products from Alternative Technologies for Chemical Demilitarization: Products of Mustard (HD) Neutralization and/or Hydrolysis |
AUG 1997 |
|
| Authors:
James H. Manthei; Dale H. Heitkamp; Ruth A. Way; Dean M. Bona; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
|
| Six samples of mustard (HD) were decontaminated using water with additional degrading by bioreactions. These materials were tested dermally in adult New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits at 1.0 ML/kg to assess their dermal irritation hazard. Results indicate that all six decontaminated!HD!water by- products no longer possessed dermal irritancy properties. A control 1.0% HD/PEG- 200 sample produced severe dermal irritation in all 12 rabbits tested. A control sample of thiodiglycol produced ... |
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| Department of Transportation Dermal Toxicity Evaluation of Product Solutions Resulting from the Chemical Neutralization of HD, GB, and VX via Monoethanolamine (MEA) |
AUG 1997 |
|
| Authors:
Eugene J. Olajos; Harry Salem; John K. Gieseking; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
|
| Acute dermal toxicity studies were conducted on New Zealand white rabbits to ascertain the systemic toxicity and skin-injurious potential of monoethanolamine (MEA)-neutralized sulfur mustard (HD), sarin (GB), and VX. The lethality screen consisted of a 24-hr occluded exposure to 1 mL/kg of test article. Dermal irritation studies were based on a 4-hr occluded exposure to 0.5 mL of test article. Chemical neutralization of HD, GB, and VX resulted in product ... |
|
| Evaluation of the Vesicating Properties of Neutralized Chemical Agent Identification Sets |
AUG 1997 |
131 pages |
| Authors:
Eugene J. Olajos; Harry Salem; John K. Gieseking; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
|
| Vesication and skin irritation studies were conducted in hairless guinea-pigs to determine the vesicant and skin irritation potential of Chemical Agent Identification Sets (CAIS). The CAIS training items that agent (HD, HN, or L) and were declared obsolete in 1971. Guinea-pigs were topically dosed with 'test article' NEAT HD, 10% agent/chloroform solutions, or product solutions (wastestreams) and evaluated for skin-damaging effects (gross and light microscopic). Product solutions from the chemical ... |
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| Acute Dermal Toxicity Evaluation of Product Solutions Resulting from the Chemical Neutralization of HD, GB, and VX via Monoethanolamine (MEA) |
JUL 97 |
|
| Authors:
Eugene J. Olajos; Kenneth P. Cameron; Ruth A. Way; James H. Manthei; Dale H. Heitkamp; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
|
| Acute dermal studies (lethality screen and skin irritation) were conducted on New Zealand White rabbits to ascertain the systemic toxicity and skin-injurant potential of monoethanolamine (MEA)-neutralized sulfur mustard (HD), sarin (GB), and VX. The lethality screen (limit test) consisted of a 24- hour occluded exposure to 1 ml/kg of 'test article.' Dermal irritation studies were based on a 4-hour occluded exposure to 0.5 ml of 'test article.' Chemical neutralization of ... |
|
| The Influence of Antiperspirants on Foot-Blister Incidence Following Road Marching |
APR 97 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph J. Knapik; Katy Reynolds; John Barson; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The influence of antiperspirants on foot blister incidence during road marching was examined in 1,130 cadets from the U.S. Military Academy, West Point, New York. Cadets were separated into two groups that received either an antiperspirant or placebo preparation, and the study was double blinded. The antiperspirant was a commercially available substance consisting of 20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate in anhydrous ethyl alcohol. The placebo was anhydrous ethyl alcohol without aluminum ... |
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| Physiological Problems Associated with Air Quality in the U.S. Marine Corps 4-Man Tent |
01 DEC 96 |
|
| Authors:
D. E. Roberts; K. M. Canine; M. S. Freedman; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
|
| Human occupancy of closed or poorly ventilated tents can reduce the quality of air by increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) and decreasing oxygen (O2) concentrations. In addition, the use of a stove in tents can produce accumulations of carbon monoxide (CO). While breathing air with increased levels of CO2 may be uncomfortable (feelings of claustrophobia), breathing air polluted with CO can be deadly. Unlike many toxins, CO does not have any ... |
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| Acute Toxicity Evaluation of JP-8 Jet Fuel and JP-8 Jet Fuel Containing Additives |
NOV 96 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
R. E. Wolfe; E. R. Kinead; M. L. Feldmann; H. F. Leahy; W. W. Jederberg; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| To reduce fuel fouling in current U.S Navy and Air Force aircraft systems and to provide additional heat sink and thermal stability for future systems, the Air Force is developing an improved JP-8 jet fuel (JP-8 + 100). Two companies (Betz and Mobil) have developed additive packages that are currently being tested in aircraft systems. To determine if the additive packages will produce health effects for flightline personnel, acute testing ... |
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| Dermal Toxicity Evaluation of Neutralized Chemical Agent Identification Sets (CAIS) with an Overview of the Dermal Toxicity of Vesicant Agents and their Degradation Products |
OCT 96 |
182 pages |
| Authors:
Eugene J. Olajos; Kenneth P. Cameron; Ruth A. Way; James H. Manthei; Dale H. Heitkamp; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDMD
|
| Acute dermal toxicity (limit test) and skin irritation studies were conducted in New Zealand white rabbits to ascertain the systemic toxicity and skin-injury potential of chemically-neutralized Chemical Agent Identification Sets (CAIS). Studies also included the assessment of oxidant/solvent systems and solvent induced toxicity. The toxicity limit test consisted of a 24-hr occluded exposure to 1.0 ml/kg of 'test article.' Dermal irritation studies were based on a 4-hr occluded exposure to ... |
|
| The Acute Toxicity of a Mixture of the Insect Repellents Deet and AI3- 3722O |
01 MAY 95 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Hubert L. Snodgrass; John G. Harvey; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE (PROVISIONAL) ABERDEE N PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The purpose of the study was to determine the toxicity to animals of a mixture of the insect repellents Deet and A13-37220, and to assess its dermal effects in humans. A mixture of the insect repellents Deet and A13-37220 in 95 percent alcohol (25:25:50) did not cause primary skin irritation nor sensitization in animals, was moderately toxic by the oral route but was essentially nontoxic dermally. In humans, no skin ... |
|
| The Acute Toxicity of a Repellent Mixture of Deet and AI3-3722O |
01 MAY 95 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Leroy M. Metker; ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE (PROVISIONAL) ABERDEE N PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The purpose of the study was to determine the toxicity to animals of a mixture of the insect repellents Deet and AI3-37220, and to assess its dermal effects in humans. A mixture of the insect repellents Deet and AI3-37220 in 95 percent alcohol (25:25:50) did not cause primary skin irritation nor sensitization in animals, was moderately toxic by the oral route but was essentially nontoxic dermally. In humans, no skin ... |
|
| Bladder Catheterization Technique for Male Rhesus Monkeys |
10 JUN 1993 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
J. L. Saxton; J. M. Garcia; L. G. Meyer; W. G. Lotz; NAVAL AEROSPACE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB PENSACOLA FL
|
| Real-time collection of urine is advantageous in some physiological research. Human bladder catheterization procedures and equipment are not suitable for studies using the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) because of anatomical and behavioral differences. We developed a technique for bladder catheterization using a human pediatric naso-gastric feeding tube with a polyethylene extension connected to a fraction collector. The unanesthetized, conditioned animal was seated in a primate restraint chair with neck, arms, ... |
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| A General Purpose Prototype Muffler for the Bradley Fighting Vehicle 25- mm Automatic Cannon |
NOV 92 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin S. Fansler; Raymond Von Wahlde; D. Kelham; Timothy T. Vong; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| In response to noise problems in Germany incurred by the Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV) 25-mm M242 Chain Gun, two prototype mufflers for use with all types of ammunition were designed, fabricated, and performance-tested against requirements given by an Operational Needs Statement One muffler is used with a standard barrel while the other muffler requires a unique perforated barrel. Tests included noise attenuation, toxic fume concentrations within the BFV, and projectile ... |
|
| The Effects of Ni-Ti Hand Files, Ni-Ti Engine Files, and K-Flex Files on Root Canal Morphology |
30 SEP 92 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Charles R. Glosson; TEXAS UNIV HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO
|
| It is well recognized that effective cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is crucial to success in endodontic therapy. The removal of pulp tissue, debris, and irritants is necessary for healing and the proper shaping of the canal is an important factor in achieving a dense, leak-resistant, three dimensional obturation of the canal space |
|
| The Effect of Liquid Gun Propellant (LGP) on Skin |
27 FEB 92 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Barbara W. Kemppainen; P. Terse; M. S. Madhyastha; S. Lenz; W. G. Reifenrath; AUBURN UNIV AL COLL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
|
| The effect of liquid gun propellant (LP) on the barrier function of skin was assessed in vitro by penetration of 14C-benzoic acid and histopathology. Weanling pigs were topically exposed to 25 ul/sq cm of test compound SALINE (Control) or LP for 1-5 days. Pigs were killed and skin sections, excised from the sites of application, were mounted on in vitro penetration chambers to measure cumulative 24-h penetration of 14 C-benzoic ... |
|
| Results of a Workshop on Health Effects of Crude Oil Exposures Related to Operation Desert Storm |
FEB 92 |
227 pages |
| Authors:
D. A. Macys; R. L. Carpenter; J. F. Risher; A. Vinegar; D. E. Dodd; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| On 14 and 15 February 1991, a workshop was held to identify the potential health effects of crude oil exposures as they might occur in the field under combat situations. The most significant findings and recommendations of the workshop were: If at all possible, stay out of refineries, petrochemical plants, terminal facilities, desalinization plants and other related facilities due to the extremely high inherent hazards presented by the chemicals that ... |
|
| Limited Toxicity and Mutagenicity Testing of Five Unicharge Propellant Compounds |
31 JAN 92 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Vincent B. Ciofalo; Victor T. Mallory; PHARMAKON RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL INC WAVERLY PA
|
| Bis (2,2-dinitropropyl) acetal/formal (-50/50 mixture) +/diphenyl amine stabilizer (BDNPA/F+ or - DPA) were tested for eye irritation. one group of six rabbits per study were administered 0.1 mL of the test article directly into the right eye. The treated eyes were examined at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment and grades of ocular reaction were recorded. Positive ocular scores were observed in both treatment groups at the 1 ... |
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| Limited Toxicity and Mutagenicity Testing of Five Unicharge Propellant Compounds |
31 JAN 92 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Vincent B. Ciofalo; Victor T. Mallory; PHARMAKON RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL INC WAVERLY PA
|
| Bis (2,2-dinitropropyl) acetal/formal (-50/50 mixture) +/diphenyl amine stabilizer (BDNPA/F+/-DPA) were tested for dermal irritation. one group of six rabbits per study were dermally exposed to the test article for four hours. Animals were observed for erythema and edema at 30-60 minutes, 24, 48 and 72 hours after dosing. Based upon the results of these assays, BDNPA/F+DPA and BDNPA/F-DPA were determined to be non-irritants. (Primary Dermal Irritation Index for both test ... |
|
| Irritation, Sensitization, and Acute Oral Toxicity of N-Methyl-N'- Nitroguanidine |
SEP 91 |
|
| Authors:
E. R. Kinkead; R. E. Wolfe; S. A. Salins; MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INC DAYTON OH
|
| N-methyl-N' nitroguanidine (MNG) is being considered for use in explosive formulations. MNG is a flammable solid when wet and is considered to be an explosive when dry. Therefore, the compound must be maintained in a moist state. The acute oral toxicity was determined in male and female F 344 rats administered as a single dose in corn oil. The maximum suspension of MNG that could be delivered, lg MNG/kg body ... |
|
| Preliminary Assessment of the Relative Toxicity of Tetraglycine Hydroperiodide, January 1988-August 1991. Phase 1 |
AUG 91 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph A. Macko Jr; ARMY ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE AGENCY ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Toxicity of Technical Grade Tetraglycine Hydroperiodide (TGHP), the active ingredient in a military water purification tablet (MIL-W-283) has been completed. TGHP is moderately toxic by ingestion when prepared as a aqueous slurry. The compound has no potential for causing sensitization. However, TGHP did produce mild but reversible primary skin irritation, and the technical grade powder did cause severe and nonreversible injury to the eye. TFHP did not exhibit mutagenic activity ... |
|
| Assessment of Dermal and Ocular Effects of Topical Skin Protectant Formulations ICD-1536 (Lot no. 11 Jan 91 BH) and ICD 1536 (Lot no. 03 Jan 91 AH) May 1991 |
MAY 91 |
|
| Authors:
Hubert L. Snodgrass; ARMY ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE AGENCY ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Two separate lots of ICD-1536, a topical skin protectant formulation, were evaluated for skin, eye, and photochemical irritation in rabbits. Lot No. 11 Jan 91 BH caused moderate primary skin irritation with erythema persisting through 7 days. It also produced minimal eye irritation but no photochemical irritation. It was recommended that the material be used with caution on human skin and that a prophetic patch test be performed on man ... |
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| Biocompatible Adhesives |
01 MAR 91 |
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| Authors:
Ronald W. Gumbs; GUMBS ASSOCIATES INC EAST BRUNSWICK NJ
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| The purpose of this work was to develop a biologically compatible adhesive that will successfully maintain the adherence of a dermal dressing to moist (perspiring) skin on field personnel working in hot humid environments, without producing adverse reactions such as rach and itching. The project involved the design and Synthesis of emulsion acrylic copolymers which were odorless and pressure sensitive. The water-insoluble adhesives contained hydrophilic units to permit strong bonding ... |
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| Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Nitroaromatic Compounds |
MAR 91 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
George B. FitzGerald; Amy Austin; Nancy DiGuilio; TOXIKON CORP WOBURN MA
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| The nitroaromatics 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), 1,2,5-trinitrobenaene (TNB) and N-methyl-n,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (tetryl) have been detected as environmental contaminants of water and soil near production waste sites and at military test grounds. Acute toxicity evaluations were carried out with these compounds to develop environmental and health effects criteria. Dermal and eye irritation tests and acute dermal sensitization (Buehler) tests in guinea pigs were conducted according to EPA standard protocols. The sensitization tests showed that ... |
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| Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of LT 83282 |
DEC 90 |
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| Authors:
E. R. Kinkead; R. E. Wolfe; S. K. Bunger; H. L. Leahy; NSI TECHNOLOGY SERVICES CORP DAYTON OH
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| A low temperature version of MIL-H-83282 (LT 83282) is a candidate hydraulic fluid to be used as a replacement for the current low temperature fluid used on Strategic Air Command aircraft. A single near dose of 0.1 mL LT 83282 into New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit eyes resulted in slight conjunctival irritation for up to 24 h after treatment in two of nine rabbits. Rinsing the eyes after treatment appeared ... |
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| Ventilation of Composites Repair Facility McClellan AFB, CA |
NOV 90 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
John F. Seibert; AIR FORCE OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LAB BROOKS AFB TX
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| Repairing damaged fiberglass, carbon and Kevlar composites generate dust and debris during sanding and grinding. While potentially only a skin and eye irritation hazard, control of the dust leads to more satisfied workers and a better product. Dust can be controlled through a set of ventilation exhaust systems to include: high velocity low volume exhaust on the sanding tool, a downdraft sanding table, and a flex-hose dust exhaust system for ... |
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| Visual Performance of Contact Lens-Corrected Ametropic Aviators with the M-43 Protective Mask |
MAY 90 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Richard R. Levine; Morris R. Lattimore; Isaac Behar; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
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| This study investigated the use of extended wear soft contact lenses with the Apache aviator's M-43 protective mask. Visual functions tests (high and low contrast, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision), visually-based cognitive tests, and user-comfort questionnaires were employed with normally sighted aviators and with aviators fitted with hydrogel soft contact lenses. Tests were administered shortly before donning the mask, immediately after donning the mask, and at hourly intervals, over ... |
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| Ninety-Day Subchronic Oral Toxicity Study of Pyridostigmine Bromide in Rats. Volume 2 |
MAY 90 |
307 pages |
| Authors:
Earl W. Morgan; Gary M. Zaucha; Paul P. Waring; Yvonne Letellier; Joel B. Seewald; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The 90-day subchronic oral toxicity of pyridostigmine bromide was evaluated in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Pyridostigmine was administered in the diet at dose levels of 0, 1, 10, 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg/day for 90 days. The addition of pyridostigmine to the diet resulted in dose-related decreases in plasma cholinesterase and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity ranging from 5% to 76% and from 18% to 95%, respectively. Toxic signs associated with ... |
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| Ninety-Day Subchronic Oral Toxicity Study of Pyridostigmine Bromide in Rats. Volume 1 |
MAY 90 |
258 pages |
| Authors:
Earl W. Morgan; Gary M. Zaucha; Paul P. Waring; Yvonne Letellier; Joel B. Seewald; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The 90-day subchronic oral toxicity of pyridostigmine bromide was evaluated in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Pyridostigmine was administered in the diet at dose levels of 0, 1, 10, 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg/day for 90 days. The addition of pyridostigmine to the diet resulted in dose-related decreases in plasma cholinesterase and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity ranging from 5% to 76% and from 18% to 95%, respectively. Toxic signs associated with ... |
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| Characterizing Soldier Responses to Irritant Gases |
16 FEB 90 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
Robert S. Kennedy; Robert C. Wilkes; William P. Dunlap; Jennifer E. Fowlkes; Martin G. Smith; ESSEX CORP ORLANDO FL
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| The purpose of this project was to develop a quantitative definition of soldier performance degradation due to exposure to irritant gases by two linking approaches: Surrogate Measures and Dose Equivalence. Surrogate measures are related to, or predictive of, a construct of interest but are not direct measures. Dose equivalence refers to an experimental method where performance deficits produced with a controlled (and relatively benign) indexing agent, in this case alcohol, ... |
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| Utilization of Neurophysiological Protocols to Characterize Soldier Response to Irritant Gases. Phase 1 |
15 FEB 90 |
91 pages |
| Authors:
Irving N. Einhorn; Gary Moore; NORTHEAST RESEARCH INST INC FARMINGTON CT
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| The Army Medical Research and Development Command has recognized the need to evaluate potential toxic hazards resulting from human exposures to irritant gases (Hydrogen chloride, ammonia, and formaldehyde) associated with weapons systems exhaust emissions. We have, within the scope of the Phase I program exposed Long Evans rate to three levels of hydrogen chloride gas in flowing air. Hydrogen chloride, a respiratory irritant present in the exhausts of solid propellant ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
IRRITATION
