| A FRET-Based Method for Probing the Conformational Behavior of an Intrinsically Disordered Repeat Domain from Bordetella pertussis Adenylate Cyclase |
22-Oct-2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Geza R Szilvay; Mark A Blenner; Oren Shur; Donald M Cropek; Scott Banta; COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
|
 | A better understanding of the conformational changes exhibited by intrinsically disordered proteins is necessary as we continue to unravel their myriad biological functions. In repeats in toxin (RTX) domains, calcium binding triggers the natively unstructured domain to adopt a ? roll structure. Here we present an in vitro Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based method for the investigation of the conformational behavior of an RTX domain from the Bordetella pertussis adenylate ... |
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| Quartz Crystal Microbalance Based System for High-Sensitivity Differential Sputter Yield Measurements (Preprint) |
20-Aug-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
B Rubin; J L Topper; A P Yalin; C C Farnell; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| We present a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based system for high sensitivity differential sputter yield measurements of different target materials due to ion bombardment. The differential sputter yields can be integrated to find total yields. Possible ion beam conditions include ion energies in the range of 30-350 eV and incidence angles of 0-70o from normal. A four-grid ion optics system is used to achieve a collimated ion beam at low ... |
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| Design of Energetic Ionic Liquids |
12-May-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Sharon Hammes-Schiffer; Jerry A Boatz; Mark S Gordon; Gregory A Voth; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| An essential need of the US Air Force is the discovery, development, and fielding of new, energetic materials for advanced chemical propulsion in space and missile applications. Some of the key factors driving the requirement for new chemical propellants include: (a) improved performance in terms of increased specific impulse and density, (b) reduced sensitivity to external stimuli such as impact, friction, shock, and electrostatic discharge, and (c) mitigation of environmental ... |
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| Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Transient and Energetic Species |
Apr-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel M Neumark; CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| Free radicals, weakly bound van der Waals complexes, and metal and semiconductor clusters are characterized by photodetachment of the corresponding negative ions using slow electron velocity-map imaging (SEVI), a recently developed, high-resolution (2-3 cm-1) variant of negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy. The SEVI spectrum of a negative ion yields the electron affinity of the neutral, term values for excited states accessible via one-photon detachment, and accurate vibrational frequencies for the ground ... |
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| Chelating Polymers and Environmental Remediation |
Mar-2009 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Nicole E Zander; DYNAMIC SCIENCE INC PHOENIX AZ
|
| Although there are many approaches to clean up wastewater and soil contaminated with heavy metals and other industrial pollutants, remediation with chelating polymers is one of the most versatile and inexpensive methods. The polymer ligand's efficiency and selectivity for particular metal ions are two important parameters that can be controlled by ligand type, ligand density, solubility of the polymer, as well as operating pH. An overview of remediating polymers and ... |
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| Hot-Pressed Versus Sintered LiTi2(PO4)3 |
Feb-2009 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Jeff Wolfenstine; Jan L Allen; James Sumner; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| The electrical and mechanical properties of hot-pressed versus sintered LiTi2(PO4)3 were investigated. The hot-pressed LiTi2(PO4)3 had a higher density and larger average grain size than the sintered material. As a result of these microstructural differences, the hot-pressed material exhibited a higher total ionic conductivity and lower hardness. The electronic conductivity of both materials was the same, and increased by a factor of about 107 when the hot-pressed and sintered materials ... |
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| Unraveling the Nature of Chemical Reactivity of Complex Systems |
13-Jan-2009 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Kopin Liu; INSTITUTE OF ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SCIENCES TAIPEI (TAIWAN)
|
| This project was to gain fundamental understanding of the chemical reactivity of complex systems, specifically the state-correlation of product pairs in chemical reactions of polyatomic molecules, and the salvation dynamics of ion-solvent interactions that are fundamental to many important phenomena in chemistry and biology. |
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| Chemical Dynamics of State-Selected Atomic and Diatomic Ions of Aerospace Relevance |
Nov-2008 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Cheuk-Yiu Ng; CALIFORNIA UNIV DAVIS DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| The main goal of the previous project was to determine absolute state-selected integral cross-sections for reactions between atmospheric diatomic ions and the rare gas atoms, with an emphasis on the reactions of reactant ions in highly vibrationally excited states. These state-selected absolute total cross section measurements are needed for improving the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo and Particles in Cell methods, which have been used for modeling the chemistry occurring in ... |
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| Multifunctional Properties of Structural Gel Electrolytes |
01-Sep-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
P-A T Nguyen; J F Snyder; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
|
| Multifunctional structural gel electrolytes were prepared by the integration of conductive pathways using non-aqueous solvents into structural resin networks. Poly(ethylene) glycol (200 MW) and propylene carbonate were used as non-aqueous solvents while vinyl ester and epoxy resin were used as structural resins. The monomer and solvents were incorporated together and polymerized to create conductive pathways is crosslinked networks. THe impact of chemistry and weight fraction of both liquid and resin ... |
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| Fast Equalization for Large Lithium Ion Batteries |
Sep-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Wei Zhu; Gerald Landrum; Thomas A Stuart; NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| The use of Lithium Ion (LiIon) cells requires a battery management system to ensure that the LiIon cells can be operated safely and the battery pack will operate optimally. Lithium-ion batteries use an electrolyte that is flammable if exposed to high temperatures. Slight differences between the series-connected cells in a LiIon battery pack can produce imbalances in the cell voltages, and this greatly reduces the charge capacity. These batteries cannot ... |
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| Preliminary Global Radiation Belt Formation and Prediction Model |
25-Jun-2008 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J Keskinen; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC PLASMA PHYSICS DIV
|
| A computational model for the time-dependent dynamics of the electron and ion terrestrial radiation belts has been developed. The model solves the fundamental bounce-averaged electron and ion modified Boltzmann Fokker-Planck equations for energy, pitch angle, and L-shell. The code has been applied to broadband whistler turbulence and found to be consistent with empirical models of radiation belt dynamics. |
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| Background Pressure Effects on Internal and Near-field Ion Velocity Distribution of the BHT-600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) |
24-Jun-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R Nakles; Hargus; William A Jr; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| Presented is a study of the effects of chamber background pressure on the ion axial velocity distribution within the discharge chamber and in the near-field of the Busek BHT-HD-600 xenon Hall effect thruster. Ion velocity distributions were measured along the acceleration channel centerline using laser-induced fluorescence of the 5d[4](sub 7/2)-6p[3](sub 5/2) xenon ion excited state transition. Measurements were taken at the lowest possible chamber background pressure and a pressure that ... |
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| Advanced Electrodynamic Tether Systems: Modeling of Scattering and Unsteady Effects |
06-Jun-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Manuel Martinez-Sanchez; Oleg Batishchev; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE DEPT OF AERONAUTICS/ASTRONAUTICS
|
 | This work addresses the needs for advanced computational tools and theoretical models devoted to the study of two interrelated topics of interest to the Air Force: Radiation Belt Remediation (RBR) and potential use of tethers as low frequency oscillators/radiators. Both problems stretch the capabilities of existing numerical methods, while connecting with a body of previous work on probe theory, spacecraft-plasma interactions and electrodynamic tether propulsion. The Electrostatic RBR application would ... |
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| Bioinspired Routes to Lithium-Ion Conducting Polymers and Nanomembranes |
21 MAY 2008 |
|
| Authors:
John Arnold; CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY
|
| This project involves a novel approach to the synthesis of new classes of materials designed to function as ion conducting systems. In particular, we are developing new methods to produce materials with new chemical characteristics which can be used to modulated electrical behavior on the nanoscale. The current phase of this proposed work is designed to identify promising candidates and to study the mechanism by which ions are transported though ... |
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| Design of Energetic Ionic Liquids (Preprint) |
07-May-2008 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Sharon Hammes-Schiffer; Jerry A Boatz; Mark S Gordon; Gregory A Voth; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA SPACE AND MISSILE PROPULSION DIV
|
| An essential need of the US Air Force is the discovery, development, and fielding of new, energetic materials for advanced chemical propulsion in space and missile applications. Some of the key factors driving the requirement for new chemical propellants include: (a) improved performance in terms of increased specific impulse and density, (b) reduced sensitivity to external stimuli such as impact, friction, shock, and electrostatic discharge, and (c) mitigation of environmental ... |
|
| Grain Boundary Conductivity in Crystalline LiTi2(PO4)3 |
APR 2008 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Jeff Wolfenstine; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD
|
| Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the development of high energy Li-Air batteries. One configuration involves the use of a Li anode in a non-aqueous electrolyte, which is separated from an aqueous electrolyte containing the air cathode by a solid state Li-ion conducting membrane. Several solid state polycrystalline Li-ion conductors, based on pervoskite (1,2), garnet (3,4) and NASICON (Na super ion conductor) (5 through 12) structures, are under ... |
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| Quantum Information Processing with Trapped 43Ca+ Ions |
18 MAR 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Rainer Blatt; INNSBRUCK UNIV (AUSTRIA) INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS
|
| We report on experiments with strings of laser-cooled Ca+ ions for quantum information processing. An experiment using the isotope 43Ca+ was set up from scratch. We devised techniques for loading and laser-cooling 43Ca+ ion strings, initializing the ions in the hyperfine clock states and reading out the quantum state with high efficiency. Coherence times of the qubits are about 1 s. The single-qubit gates were implemented using microwave and Raman ... |
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| Self Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes by Ionic Charge Interaction |
26 FEB 2008 |
2 pages |
| Authors:
Sia Nemat-Nasser; Yitzhak Tor; CALIFORNIA UNIV REGENTS SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA CA
|
| Carbon nanotubes of proper length can be functionalized to self-assemble into a three-dimensional structure. We have calculated the required length of single-walled carbon nanotubes and have purified, chemically cut to proper size, and functionalized, to test the basic concept. During this research period we have been able to demonstrate the fact that carbon nanotubes can indeed be functionalized and all the indications are is that they do self-assemble in a ... |
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| Electro-Responsive Behaviour Multi-Wall Nanotubes/Gelatin Composites and Cross-Linked Gelatin Electrospun Mats |
11 FEB 2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Soo-Young Park; KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIV DAEGU (SOUTH KOREA) DEPT OF POLYMER SCIENCE
|
| Swelling, states of water, morphology, stability in the aqueous solution, and electro-mechano- chemical bending behaviors of the gelatin/chitosan blend system were studied in order to clarify the potential use of this blend system as an actuator. The gelatin/chitosan blend system was prepared in order to avoid dissolution of the pure chitosan film system in an aqueous medium and the rigidity and easy degradation of the pure gelatin system in the ... |
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| A Reconnaissance Snow Survey across Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada, April 2007 |
FEB 2008 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew Sturm; Chris Derksen; Glen Liston; Arvids Silis; Daniel Solie; Jon Holmgren; Henry Huntington; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| During April 2007, a coordinated series of snow measurements were made across the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada, during a 4200-km snowmobile traverse from Fairbanks, Alaska, to Baker Lake, Nunavut. While detailed, local snow measurements have been made as part of ongoing studies at tundra field sites in this region (Daring Lake and Trail Valley Creek in the Northwest Territories), systematic measurements at the regional scale have not been previously ... |
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| Improved Pinning Morphology in HTS with Order of Magnitude Increase in Jc and Pinned Field |
27 JAN 2008 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Bill W. Mayes; Roy Weinstein; HOUSTON UNIV TX OFFICE OF CONTRACTS AND GRANTS
|
| In 2004 most scientists working to increase Jc in HTS believed that continuous columnar pinning centers (CCPCs) were ideal. This was based upon elegant ionic radiation studies yielding increased Jc. Our contrary evidence augered for performing an experiment comparing Jc for a wide range of pinning center (PC) continuities and diameters (including CCPCs) produced by high energy ions. (Increased discontinuity correlated with lower diameter.) Multiple-in-line-damage (MILD) PCs had not been ... |
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| Temperature Dependences for the Reactions of O(-) and O(2-) with O(2)(a1-delta-g) from 200 to 700 K |
15-Jan-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
A A Viggiano; Itzhak Dotan; Anthony Midey; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| Rate constants and product ion distributions for the O and O(2) reactions with 02(a delta g) were measured as a function of temperature from 200 to 700 K. The measurements were made in a selected ion flow tube (SIFT) using a newly calibrated 0:(a'As) emission detection scheme with a chemical singlet oxygen generator. The rate constant for the 02 reaction is 7 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) at all temperatures, approaching ... |
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| Plasma-Propellant Interaction Studies |
20 DEC 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Stefan T. Thynell; Thomas A. Litzinger; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| This report describes research focused on the interactions between a plasma and a solid propellant. The specific issues addressed include the effects of radical and neutral species as well as radiative heat transfer on the ignition and combustion of double-base propellants. A wide variety of measurements have been conducted using a broad range of diagnostic tools, such as a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer, special heat flux gages, high-speed cameras, as well ... |
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| Bootstrap Surface Charging at GEO: Modeling and On-Orbit Observations From the DSCS-III B7 Satellite |
DEC 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Linda H. Krause; Gabriel Font; Victor Putz; David L. Cooke; Shu T. Lai; C. L. Enloe; M. G. McHarg; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| We present an analysis of the charging interactivity between surrounding surface materials aboard a spacecraft at geosynchronous altitudes. In particular, bootstrap charging of a small surface may occur if it is surrounded by a large negatively charged surface. Here, a negative potential barrier forms above the small surface, resulting in suppression of photo- and secondary electron emission from that surface. Additionally, the small surface experiences an enhancement of the collection ... |
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| Electrical Activation Studies of Silicon Implanted Aluminum Gallium Nitride with High Aluminum Mole Fraction |
DEC 2007 |
311 pages |
| Authors:
Elizabeth A. Moore; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| This research demonstrates a method for producing highly conductive Si-implanted n-type aluminum gallium nitride (AlxGa1-xN) alloys, and represents a comprehensive analysis of the resulting material's electrical and optical properties as a function of Al mole fraction, anneal temperature, anneal time, and implantation dose. Highly conductive alloys are critical to the fabrication of devices operating in deep UV, high-temperature, high-power, and high-frequency environments, and thus this research is significant in regard ... |
|
| Prospects for Ultra-Stable Timekeeping with Sealed Vacuum Operation in Multi-Pole Linear Ion Trap Standards |
01-Nov-2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
R L Tjoelker; E A Burt; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA JET PROPULSION LAB
|
| A recent long-term comparison between the compensated multi-pole Linear Ion Trap Standard (LITS) and the laser-cooled primary standards via GPS carrier-phase time transfer showed a deviation of less than 2.7x10(-17)/day. A subsequent evaluation of potential drift contributors in the LITS showed that the leading candidates are fluctuations in background gases and the neon buffer gas. The current vacuum system employs a "flow-through" turbo-molecular pump and a diaphragm fore-pump. Here, we ... |
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| NMR Identification and MS Conformation of the Scopolamine Neurotoxin |
NOV 2007 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
Terry J. Henderson; David B. Cullinan; Jonathan M. Oyler; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| An unidentified white powder collected as evidence in an intelligence investigation was characterized exclusively by NMR analysis. A small fraction of the powder dissolved in D2O was subjected to quantitative 1H and 13C{1H} experiments and a series of two-dimensional correlation techniques, including 1H-1H COSY and NOESY as well as 1H-(exp 13)C HSQC and HMBC spectroscopy. These were used to elucidate the molecular structure of the powder's major component and positively ... |
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| Novel, Solvent-Free, Single Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolytes |
31-Oct-2007 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Bruno Scrosati; UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI LA SAPIENZA ROME (ITALY) DIPT DI CHIMICA
|
| The work carried out within this project has lead to the development of new types of dual composite PEO-based electrolytes having outstanding properties. This also, and particularly, applies to the new member of the family discussed in this report, i.e. the electrolyte formed by the combination of a calyx(6)pyrrole, CP anion-trapping compound with a large anion lithium salt, such as lithium bis(oxalate) borate, LiBOB. The results here described show that ... |
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| Nitric Oxide Generating Polymeric Coatings for Subcutaneous Glucose Sensors |
OCT 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Mark E. Meyerhoff; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| Heretofore efforts to develop implantable sensors for real-time clinical monitoring of glucose subcutaneously (SQ) in diabetic patients have been hindered by the unreliable analytical results owing largely to biocompatibility problems induced by sensor implantation (e.g. inflammatory/foreign body response). The goal of this research program is to explore and optimize the chemistries required to fabricate implantable amperometric glucose sensors with outer polymeric coatings that slowly generate low levels of nitric oxide ... |
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| Novel Galvanic Corrosion Inhibitors: Synthesis, Characterization, Fabrication and Testing |
30 SEP 2007 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Issifu I. Harruna; CLARK ATLANTA UNIV GA
|
| In materials strategy, the Department of the Navy is the first to consider the development of novel anti-corrosion inhibitors. Thus we proposed to develop novel corrosion inhibitors based on polymer metallocomplex composite materials. These new materials can cut off the electron transfer path via the polymer metallocomplexes. Bipyridine-based polymerizable ligand monomers were synthesized starting from 4,5-diazatluoren-9-one (1). The copolymers of the polymerizable methacrylate-type monomer with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and butyl ... |
|
| Design and Processing of Structural Composite Batteries |
SEP 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
E. L. Wong; D. M. Baechle; K. Xu; R. H. Carter; J. F. Snyder; E. D. Wetzel; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| This report is a reprint from the Proceedings of Society for the Advancement of Materiel and Process Engineering (SAMPE) 2007 Symposium and Exhibition held in Baltimore, MD, on 3-7 June 2007. Multifunctional structural composites are being developed to simultaneously bear mechanical loads and store electrochemical energy. These composite batteries can replace inert structural components and concurrently provide supplementary power for light load applications. Significant weight savings can be achieved by ... |
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| Surface Analysis of Reactive Ion Etched PZT Thin Films in SF6 Plasma |
SEP 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Eugene Zakar; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE
|
| Reactive ion etching of sol-gel deposited Pb(Zr(0.52) Ti(0.48)03 thin films was performed in SF6 plasmas. Etch rate was determined as a function of cathode power and chamber pressure, attaining a value of 65 nm/min at 300 W. Auger electron spectroscopy measurements revealed an excess Pb 10 nm thin layer on as-deposited film surfaces. X -ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed the existence of ZrF4 and PbS04 species on etched surfaces, in ... |
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| ExB Measurements of a 200 W Xenon Hall Thruster (Preprint) |
28 AUG 2007 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Jared M. Ekholm; Jr Hargus William A.; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| Angularly resolved ion species fractions of Xe+1, Xe+2, and Xe+3 in a low power xenon Hall thruster Busek BHT-200 plume were measured using an ExB probe under a variety of thruster operating conditions and background pressures. The thruster was operated at several operating conditions by varying the anode potential of the thruster from 200 V to 325 V in 25 V increments. Measurements of the ion species fractions were made ... |
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| A Planar Hall Thruster for Investigating Electron Mobility in ExB Devices (Preprint) |
24 AUG 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Joshua L. Rovey; Matthew P. Giacomi; Robert A. Stubbers; Brian E. Jurczyk; STARFIRE INDUSTRIES LLC CHAMPAIGN IL
|
| Stable operation of a Hall thruster that emits and collects the Hall current across a planar discharge channel is described. The planar Hall thruster (PHT) is being investigated for use as a test bed to study electron mobility in ExB devices. The planar geometry attempts to de-couple the complex electron motion found in annular thrusters by using simplified geometry. During this initial test, the PHT was operated at discharge voltages ... |
|
| Geospace Plasma Dynamics: Final Report (2002-2007) |
14 AUG 2007 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Bamandas Basu; John R. Jasperse; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| Radar measurements of backscatter from plumes extending above the bottom side spread-F layer correlated well with observations of equatorial plasma bubbles in quiet conditions with lower correlation between scintillation and observations of plasma bubbles. DMSP satellites and the ROCSAT-1 satellite showed significantly fewer occurrences of plasma bubbles than expected near the west coast of South America and an east-west chain of GPS receivers confirms a steep longitudinal gradient in EPB ... |
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| Addressable Immobilized Ion Channels: Optimization of Ion Channels Tethered to Device Surfaces |
25 JUL 2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Randy Duran; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
| This work is performed by a team at Florida, Mainz, Texas, Agave Biosystems and Miami. We are attempting to develop a sensitive and selective biomolecular detection system based on arrays ion channel covalently tethered over microelectronic devices. The technical approach involves inserting ion channels in non-native membrane bilayers, characterizing and optimizing the single channel stochastic response, and tethering these assemblies over device gate surfaces. Enhancing the stability of the assemblies ... |
|
| Comparison of Key West and Persian Gulf Seawaters |
18 JUL 2007 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Lee; Richard I. Ray; Brenda J. Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The experiments described in this paper demonstrate changes in the chemistries and microflora of two natural coastal seawaters collected from Key West, Florida, and the Persian Gulf as a result of storage and environmental conditions. Exposure to an anaerobic atmosphere containing a mixed gas of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen generated the highest microflora concentration, especially sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Biotic dissolved sulfide levels were also highest in the mixed gas ... |
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| Effect of Treatment pH on the End Products of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of TNT and RDX |
JUN 2007 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey L. Davis; Catherine C. Nestler; Deborah R. Felt; Steven L. Larson; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| The development of effective treatment options for munitions contaminants is essential for Department of Defense live fire range management and sustainability. The energetic compounds 2,4,6-trinitotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-13,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) have been identified in range soil. Alkaline hydrolysis, initiated through treatment with lime, has been shown to effectively destroy these compounds in solution and in well-mixed soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of treatment pH on the end ... |
|
| Characterization Of Commonly Encountered Explosives Using Highfield Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled With Mass Spectrometry |
MAY 2007 |
97 pages |
| Authors:
Jared J. Boock; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE
|
| The goal of this research was to characterize explosive compounds using high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) as an ion separation device interface to a mass spectrometer (MS). FAIMS is a relatively recently developed technology that is promising adding a dimension of separation. This method was employed in such a way as to be conducive to possible future development of field instruments (e.g., use of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ... |
|
| Incubation and Growth of Life Sciences, Medical and Biotechnology Businesses in Proteomics, Genomics, Medicine, and Dentistry |
APR 2007 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
Mark S. Long; Brian C. Laughlin; Justin M. Wiseman; Timothy Pyle; Kevin J. Boscacci; Katia Rothhaar; Cynthia J. Helphingstine; ADVANCED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY INST INDIANAPOLIS IN
|
| Trace level detection of chemical warfare agent simulants and biological toxins by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) has been demonstrated. The detection of several chemical agent simulants as well as peptide and fungal toxins was shown at picogram levels from a variety of surfaces and in the presence of potential matrix interferences. In addition the detection of intact bacterial cells was also demonstrated. Smears of cells taken from cultures were analyzed ... |
|
| Ln3+-Catalyzed Alcoholysis of Organophosphates: New Methodology for the Catalytic Transformation of Phosphorus Pesticides and CW Agents |
14 MAR 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Robert S. Brown; QUEEN'S UNIV KINGSTON (ONTARIO)
|
| The title project involved investigation of the metal ion catalyzed alcoholysis (e.g. methanolysis) of neutral organophophorus (OP)ester compounds. These included several members of the phosphate [(ArO)(RO)2P=O] and phosphorothioate [(ArS)(RO)2P=O] classes, as well as phosphonate [(ArO)CH3(OR)P=O] and phosphonothioate [(ArS)CH3(RO)P=O] classes. Some work was conducted on the P=S phosphorothionate esters which are common pesticides. In general it was found that La3+ ion, in the presence of one equivalent of alkoxide, provided an ... |
|
| Development of a Screening Model for Design and Costing of an Innovative Tailored Granular Activated Carbon Technology to Treat Perchlorate-Contaminated Water |
MAR 2007 |
144 pages |
| Authors:
William C. Powell; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Perchlorate contamination of drinking water is a problem that has recently gained national attention. The purpose of this research was to develop a tool to predict the cost and performance of tailored granular activated carbon (T-GAC), an innovative technology to treat perchlorate-contaminated water. The ability to predict cost and performance is essential to promote transfer and commercialization of innovative technologies. This study investigated how data obtained from small-scale laboratory tests ... |
|
| Interactions of Organic Surfactants With Oxide Nanoparticles Grown in Aqueous Environments |
FEB 2007 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Jennifer Synowczynski; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The goal of this report is to provide a fundamental understanding of how organic surfactants with different functional endgroups and branching structures affect the surface chemistry, organization, and growth of oxide nanoparticles (e.g., TiO2, ZnO) in aqueous solutions. It is generally known that particles grow from solution into shapes that minimize their surface free energy . The surface free energy is a complex function of the surface area, crystal anisotropy ... |
|
| Fluoride Ion Regeneration of Cyclosarin (Gf) from Minipig Tissue and Fluids Following Whole Body GF Vapor Exposure |
01 NOV 2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Edward N Jakubowski; Jeffery M. McGuire; Ronald A. Evans; Stanley W. Hulet; Robert J. Mioduszewski; Sandra A. Thomson; EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Recent developments to improve nerve agent biomarker techniques include methods for measuring fluoride regenerated Sarin (GB) in blood and tissue. Our efforts extend the fluoride ion regeneration method to be able to determine cyclosarin (GF) in red blood cells, plasma, and tissue of minipig blood samples after whole body exposure to GF at miosis levels. Blood samples were taken serially before, during, and after whole body GF exposure from the ... |
|
| Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) with Small Molecules |
SEP 2006 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
A. A. Viggiano; Anthony J. Midey; A. Ehlerding; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| Rate constants and product distributions have been measured for a number of simple molecules reacting with ONOO(-) at 200 and 300K. NO, CO, H2, CH4, N2O, and H2O did not react with ONOO(-). HCl and HCN underwent proton transfer in addition to other competing channels. Charge transfer from ONOO(-) was observed exclusively with O3 and NO2. SO2 and HCl underwent exchange for NO in ONOO(-). HCN was the only substance ... |
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| Research on Nitride Thin Films, Advanced Plasma Diagnostics, and Charged-Particle Processes |
JUL 2006 |
130 pages |
| Authors:
William C. Lanter; Wei Guo; Charles Q. Jiao; David C. Ingram; INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS INC DAYTON OH
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| This program has three sub-tasks: 1) Nitride Thin-Film Coatings, 2) Advanced Plasma Diagnostics, and 3) Studies of Charged-Particle Processes. The focus of Task 1 has been to develop amorphous carbon-nitride films utilizing controlled plasma-generated ions to increase the nitrogen concentration within the film. It is anticipated that development of films with higher concentrations of nitrogen will lead to properties similar to those theoretically calculated for crystalline β-C3N4. Successful development of ... |
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| Structural Analysis and Bioengineering of Thermostable Pyrococcus Furiosus Prolidase for Optimization of Organophosphorus Nerve Agent Detoxification |
JUN 2006 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Julie Du; Amy M. Grunden; Sherry R. Tove; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH OFFICE OF CONTRACTS AND GRANTS
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| prolidase, aminopeptidase, dinuclear metal center, organophosphorus nerve agent, cobalt enzyme, Pyrococcus furiosus, biodecontamination The aims of this project were to structurally study and bioengineer thermostable prolidase from Pyrococcus furiosus to enable its use for oganophosphorus nerve agent detoxification. Prolidase contains one dinuclear Co metal-center/monomer and has optimal activity at 100 C, exhibiting no activity in the absence of Co2+ or at temperatures |
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| Investigation of Particle-in-Cell Acceleration Techniques for Plasma Simulations |
03 MAY 2006 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
David D. Marshall; Douglas B. VanGilder; CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIV SAN LUIS OBISPO DEPT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
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| COLISEUM is an application framework that integrates plasma propagation schemes and arbitrary 3D surface geometries. Using Particle-in-Cell (PIC) schemes to model the plasma propagation, high fidelity modeling of the plasma and its interaction with the surfaces is possible. In order to improve the computational performance of the Particle-in-Cell (PIC) scheme within COLISEUM (AQUILA), accelerate techniques have been developed that significantly decrease the amount of CPU time needed to obtain a ... |
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| Coralville Reservoir Water Quality Project |
MAY 2006 |
249 pages |
| Authors:
Claudia Espinosa-Villegas; Craig Just; Tatsuaki Nakato; Jerald Schnoor; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY COLL OF ENGINEERING
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| The Coralville flood control dam is located in Johnson County, Iowa, about three miles north of Iowa City. The lake, at the conservation pool, 680 feet mean sea level (msl), is 21.7 miles long with a surface area of 2,650 acres, and at spillway level (712 feet msl) is 45.1 miles long with a surface area of 25,040 acres. Prior to February 1992 the level of the pool was normally ... |
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| Ionic Channels as Natural Nanodevices |
MAY 2006 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Eisenberg; RUSH-PRESBYTERIAN-ST LUKE'S MEDICAL CENTER CHICAGO IL
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| The goal of the project was to make ion channels into practical devices that can be controlled for medical and technological use. Ion channels are proteins embedded in the lipid membrane of biological cells. Because of their structural characteristics, ion channels are responsible for regulating the flux of ionic charge across the cellular membrane. This particular effort pursued the integration of natural ion channels and artificial microelectronic components in hybrid ... |
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