| Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations |
17-Nov-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Paul K Kerr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | In 2002, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) began investigating allegations that Iran had conducted clandestine nuclear activities. Ultimately, the agency reported that some of these activities had violated Tehran's IAEA safeguards agreement. The IAEA has not stated definitively that Iran has pursued nuclear weapons, but has also not yet been able to conclude that the country's nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes. The IAEA Board of Governors referred ... |
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| Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq |
04-Nov-2009 |
81 pages |
| Authors:
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON DC
|
 | The United States seeks an Iraq that is sovereign, stable, and self-reliant with a just, representative, and accountable government; a state that is neither a safe haven for, nor sponsor of, terrorism; an Iraq that is integrated into the global economy and a long-term U.S. partner contributing to regional peace and security. The United States is pursuing this goal along political, security, economic, diplomatic, and rule of law lines of ... |
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| Leadership and National Security Reform (Colloquium Brief, November 2009) |
Nov-2009 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph R Cerami; Jeffrey A Engel; Lindsey K Pavelka; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| On June 24, 2009, the Bush School of Government and Public Service, the Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs at Texas A&M University, and the U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute conducted a Washington, DC, conference on Leadership and Government Reform. Two panels discussed Leader Development in Schools of Public Affairs and Leadership, National Security, and 'Whole of Government' Reforms. The conference theme focused on the need for significant changes ... |
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| PERSONNEL SECURITY CLEARANCES. An Outcome-Focused Strategy and Comprehensive Reporting of Timeliness and Quality Would Provide Greater Visibility over the Clearance Process |
01-Oct-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Brenda S Farrell; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| Personnel security clearances are used to verify that national security information-which in some cases could cause exceptionally grave damage to U.S. national defense or foreign relations if disclosed-is entrusted only to individuals who have proven reliability and loyalty to the nation. Following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the nation's defense and intelligence needs grew, prompting increased demand for personnel with security clearances. |
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| Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations |
01-Oct-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Paul K Kerr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| In 2002, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) began investigating allegations that Iran had conducted clandestine nuclear activities. Ultimately, the agency reported that some of these activities had violated Tehran's IAEA safeguards agreement. The IAEA has not stated definitively that Iran has pursued nuclear weapons, but has also not yet been able to conclude that the country's nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes. The IAEA Board of Governors referred ... |
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| Pakistan's Impact on Afghanistan |
Oct-2009 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Julian Schofield; CONCORDIA UNIV MONTREAL (QUEBEC)
|
| These briefing charts discuss the causes of the Afghan War, what Pakistan wants, political leaders, religious and ethnic groups in Pakistan and Afghanistan and their influence, the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, and engaging Islamic ideas in Afghanistan. |
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| Conventional Deterrence in the Second Nuclear Age |
Oct-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Michael S Gerson; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Deterrence is once again a topic of discussion and debate among US defense and policy communities. Although the concept has received comparatively little attention since the end of the Cold War, it seems poised to take center stage in America's national security policy during the coming decades. With two ongoing wars already straining the military, concerns about a recalcitrant and militarized Russia, Iran's continued uranium enrichment activities, North Korea's nascent ... |
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| Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations |
17-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Paul K Kerr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| In 2002, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) began investigating allegations that Iran had conducted clandestine nuclear activities. Ultimately, the agency reported that some of these activities had violated Tehran's IAEA safeguards agreement. The IAEA has not stated definitively that Iran has pursued nuclear weapons, but has also not yet been able to conclude that the country's nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes. The IAEA Board of Governors referred ... |
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| Rwanda: Background and Current Developments |
03-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ted Dagne; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| In 2003, Rwanda held its first multi-party presidential and parliamentary elections in decades. President Paul Kagame of the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) won 95% of the votes cast, while his nearest rival, Faustin Twagiramungu, received 3.6% of the votes cast. In the legislative elections, the ruling RPF won 73% in the 80-seat National Assembly, while the remaining seats went to RPF allies and former coalition partners. In September 2008, Rwanda ... |
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| Learning From Our Past: How a Vietnam-Era Pacification Program Can Help Us Win in Afghanistan |
Sep-2009 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
Amy S Bumgarner; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA CENTER FOR STABILIZATION AND RECONSTRUCTION STUDIES
|
| Weak, failing, failed and post-conflict states pose one of the greatest national and international security challenges of our day. The stabilization and development of faltering states is in both the short- and long-term interests of the United States because stable states pose fewer security challenges. Afghanistan is a failed state that presents security challenges on a global scale as well as a classic case study on insurgency that needs a ... |
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| Toward a Risk Management Defense Strategy |
Aug-2009 |
76 pages |
| Authors:
Nathan Freier; ARMY PEACEKEEPING AND STABILITY OPERATIONS INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The U.S. Army War College's Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute and Strategic Studies Institute are pleased to offer this important study on key considerations for DoD as it works through the on-going defense review. Mr. Freier outlines eight principles for a risk management defense strategy. He argues that these principles provide measures of merit for evaluating the new administration's defense choices. This monograph builds on two previous works - 'Known ... |
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| Taking Up the Security Challenge of Climate Change |
Aug-2009 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Rymn J Parsons; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Climate change, in which man-made global warming is a major factor, will likely have dramatic and long lasting consequences with profound security implications, making it a challenge the United States must urgently take up. The security implications will be most pronounced in places where the effects of climate change are greatest, particularly affecting weak states already especially vulnerable to environmental destabilization. Two things are vitally important: stemming the tide of ... |
|
| Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations |
24-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Jeremy M Sharp; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| This report provides an overview of Jordanian politics and current issues in U.S.-Jordanian relations. It provides a brief discussion of Jordan's government and economy and of its cooperation in promoting Arab-Israeli peace and other U.S. policy objectives in the Middle East. Several issues in U.S.-Jordanian relations are likely to figure in decisions by Congress and the Administration on future aid to and cooperation with Jordan. These include the stability of ... |
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| Guinea's 2008 Military Coup and Relations with the United States |
16-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Nicolas Cook; Alexis Arieff; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Guinea is a Francophone West African country on the Atlantic coast, with a population of about 10 million. It is rich in natural resources but characterized by widespread poverty and limited socioeconomic growth and development. While Guinea has experienced regular episodes of internal political turmoil, it was considered a locus of relative stability over the past two decades. Guinea entered a new period of political uncertainty on December 23, 2008, ... |
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| Iran's 2009 Presidential Elections |
06-Jul-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Casey L Addis; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| On June 12, 2009, following a heated campaign between reformist candidate Mir Hussein Musavi and incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iranians turned out in record numbers to vote in the presidential election. Shortly after the polls closed, the Interior Minister announced that President Ahmadinejad had been reelected by a 62% margin. The announcement was followed by allegations of vote rigging and election fraud and prompted supporters of leading reformist candidate Mir ... |
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| Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Europe |
22-Jun-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Carl Ek; Steven A Hildreth; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Successive U.S. governments have urged the creation of an anti-missile system to protect against long-range ballistic missile threats from adversary states. The Bush Administration believed that North Korea and Iran represented strategic threats, and questioned whether they could be deterred by conventional means. The Bush Administration's position on this issue remained unchanged, even after the intelligence community assessed that the Iranian nuclear weapons program halted in 2003. The Bush Administration ... |
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| Afghanistan: Narcotics and U.S. Policy |
18-Jun-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Christopher M Blanchard; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Opium poppy cultivation and drug trafficking have eroded Afghanistan's fragile political and economic order over the last 30 years. In spite of ongoing counternarcotics efforts by the Afghan government, the United States, and their partners, Afghanistan remains the source of over 90% of the world's illicit opium. Since 2001, efforts to provide viable economic alternatives to poppy cultivation and to disrupt drug trafficking and related corruption have succeeded in some ... |
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| The Impact on Strategic Stability of Ballistic Missile Defense in Eastern Europe |
12-Jun-2009 |
169 pages |
| Authors:
Derek F Schin; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| While the United States and Russia have many disagreements, very few of these affect nuclear weapon policy. One that has recently done so, however, is the argument over ballistic missile defense systems in Europe. The United States has signed bilateral missile defense agreements with both Poland and the Czech Republic, but neither country has yet ratified the agreements. The uncertainty of the future of these systems, Russia's opposition to them, ... |
|
| Improving Southeast Asian Security within the ASEAN Framework - Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies |
12-Jun-2009 |
130 pages |
| Authors:
Shing T Leung; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| Since the end of the Cold War, changing global dynamics have brought about important political, social and economic developments to Southeast Asia. Foreign relations between the Southeast Asian states have also improved, reducing intra-regional tensions to the degree where inter-state armed conflicts are no longer likely. The domestic security situation of some Southeast Asian nations, however, remains precarious as local insurgencies resulting from political disagreements, ideological divergences and socio-economic gaps ... |
|
| In the Shadow of the Durand Line: Security, Stability, and the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan |
Jun-2009 |
117 pages |
| Authors:
Muhammad Q Janjua; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The Durand Line (Pakistan-Afghanistan border) gained international attention during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Currently, the Afghanistan government's refusal to acknowledge the Durand Line as its official border with Pakistan has serious implications in relation to the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), especially in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). The atmosphere of misunderstanding and mistrust in relation to the border between the two neighbors has lasted six decades and ... |
|
| United States and Mongolia Conduct Exercise Gobi Wolf (CSL Issue Paper, Volume 5-09, June 2009) |
Jun-2009 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Bradshaw; Arthur L Jr; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA CENTER FOR STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP
|
| Cooperation between the United States and Mongolia has developed dynamically since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1987. Today Mongolia and the United States share a growing and strong cooperative partnership based on shared values, a commitment to democracy and a free-market economy, and the global war against terrorism. To that end the two nations are partnering in several areas to expand expertise and training to Mongolia as it reconfigures ... |
|
| Command Brief (United States Africa Command) |
Jun-2009 |
|
| Authors:
William E Ward; UNITED STATES AFRICA COMMAND APO AE 09751
|
| A briefing on the mission and activities of the United States Africa Command. |
|
| Taking Up the Security Challenge of Climate Change |
26-May-2009 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Rymn J Parsons; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Climate change, in which man-made global warming is a major factor, will likely have dramatic and long-lasting consequences with profound security implications, making it a challenge the United States must urgently take up. The security implications will be most pronounced in places where the effects of climate change are greatest, particularly in weak states that are already vulnerable to environmental destabilization. Two things are vitally important: stemming the tide of ... |
|
| Countering Al Qaeda, Hezbollah, and their Ideologies |
21-May-2009 |
47 pages |
| Authors:
Steven P Bording; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES
|
| While all warfare is an expression of politics, none is more pervasively so than irregular conflict. The irregular side, most probably employing a mixture of guerilla tactics and terrorism, will seek favorable political effect from several courses of action. Combating terrorism has become a global effort. Counterterrorism is a struggle of political wills, waged preeminently by the police and other security services, with the military acting in reserve. The most ... |
|
| Brazil's National Defense Strategy -- A Deepening of Civilian Control |
15-May-2009 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Ham; Linwood Jr; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The Brazilian military dictatorships of 1964-1985 established a national security strategy to modernize the country and populate the vast central and western areas of Brazil. Today's strategy similarly seeks to use the military as a means to advance grand national objectives. Under the leadership of President Luiz Inacio da Silva and Defense Minister Nelson Jobim, elected Brazilian officials will seize the mantle of civilian control of the military and provide ... |
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| Sudan: The Crisis in Darfur and Status of the North-South Peace Agreement |
12-May-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Ted Dagne; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Sudan, geographically the largest country in Africa, has been ravaged by civil war intermittently for four decades. More than 2 million people have died in Southern Sudan over the past two decades due to war-related causes and famine, and millions have been displaced from their homes. The crisis in Darfur began in February 2003, when two rebel groups emerged to challenge the National Congress Party (NCP) government in Darfur. The ... |
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| The 'Torture Memos': A Failure of Strategic Leadership |
11-May-2009 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
K Krewer; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| This paper examines the development of U.S. interrogation policy, beginning with initial determinations concerning the application of the Geneva Conventions and continuing through several Department of Justice opinions collectively known as the torture memos. The paper examines the influence of these memos on policy formulation. The memos are reviewed in light of professional standards for attorneys and applicable international treaties, customary rules for prisoner treatment, and constitutional provisions relating to ... |
|
| Economic Collision: Competition between the United States and China |
09-May-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Ruth A Neugebauer; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| As China continues to rise on the international scene, competition between the United States and China becomes increasingly intense. This is true not only from a military perspective, but also from an economic one as China strives to become a global economic power. The competition has become more obvious recently due to the global economic recession and enormous fluctuations in natural resource commodity pricing over the past 12 months. China ... |
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| The Proliferation Security Initiative: A Means to an End for the Operational Commander |
04-May-2009 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Curtis G Larson; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) proliferation is a serious threat to the security of the United States and the world. For the operational commander supporting national strategy the interdiction of WMD materials is a complex mission that requires the capability to exchange timely information with coalition nations as well as conduct multi-national operations with partners with differing constraints and capacities. Current doctrine does not provide the operational commander the fundamental ... |
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| A Good Investment: United States and Nigeria Security Cooperation |
04-May-2009 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
William S Rogers; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| The United States and Nigeria share common objectives based on security and resources. Theater security cooperation efforts between the nations ensures a stable and secure Nigeria, assists access to resources for the U.S., and facilitates U.S. presence in western Africa despite the influence of other nations such as China and the European Union. In return, Nigeria gains assistance preventing and eliminating threats aimed to undermine good governance, security, and stability. ... |
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| Coast Guard Foreign Engagement And AFRICOM: Improving The Operational Planning Process |
04-May-2009 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
John Rivers; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| The U.S. strategic interest in Africa has grown over the past decade prompting the creation of AFRICOM. Charged with building the security capacity of our African partners, AFRICOM faces many challenges, particularly in the maritime domain. The U.S. Coast Guard can play a major role in AFRICOM's efforts, but to do so effectively, it must improve the process by which it plans international engagement programs at the operational level. This ... |
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| Interdicting Pakistani Cross Border Sanctuary |
04-May-2009 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Caleb N Risinger; NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI JOINT MILITARY OPERATIONS DEPT
|
| This research paper seeks to address the operational plans and employment methods necessary to fulfill the stated U.S. policy objectives of disrupting, dismantling, and defeating insurgents within Afghanistan and Pakistan. This paper focuses on ISAF's RC-East (International Security Assistance Force's Regional Command East) that not only contains the bulk of U.S. military forces in Afghanistan but borders the most relevant insurgent areas in neighboring Pakistan, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas ... |
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| Cyberspace Policy Review: Assuring a Trusted and Resilient Information and Communications Infrastructure |
May-2009 |
67 pages |
| Authors:
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT WASHINGTON DC
|
| The President directed a 60-day, comprehensive, clean-slate review to assess U.S. policies and structures for cybersecurity. Cybersecurity policy includes strategy, policy, and standards regarding the security of and operations in cyberspace, and encompasses the full range of threat reduction, vulnerability reduction, deterrence, international engagement, incident response, resiliency, and recovery policies and activities, including computer network operations, information assurance, law enforcement, diplomacy, military, and intelligence missions as they relate to the ... |
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| Indicators, Predictors, and Determinants of Conflict Escalation and De-escalation. A Review of the Psychological Literature |
May-2009 |
82 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Stewart; Peter Suedfeld; Ryan W Cross; BRITISH COLUMBIA UNIV VANCOUVER DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY
|
| This paper reviews psychological theories and quantitative research aimed at the explanation and prediction of decision-making by national and sub-national leaders. Inferences of the strategic intentions of leaders are based on the assessment at a distance of both their stable and changing cognitive, motivational, and emotional processes. The review evaluates profiling approaches, which develop a portrait of the subject's personality as the source of strategic predispositions, and dynamic approaches, which ... |
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| Campaign-level Science Traceability for Earth Observation System Architecting |
May-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Theodore K Seher; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| The Earth Sciences Decadal Survey of 2007 presented a comprehensive vision for the evolution of space-based Earth Science resources. The practical development of the Decadal campaign, however, has highlighted four challenges to the original plan: the growth of expected costs and the reduction of program budget, the loss and changing status of the expected precursor missions, the opportunity afforded by international earth science efforts, and the increasing desire to operationalize ... |
|
| Information on Government of Iraq Contributions to Reconstruction Costs |
29-Apr-2009 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Nancee K Needham; Milton L Naumann; David R Warren; Walt R Keays; Paula A Braun; OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL ARLINGTON VA SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION
|
| The United States (U.S.) and other international donors have identified the need for host country participation as a central factor in effective developmental programs. Such participation takes many forms, including host country financial and/or in-kind contributions. The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, which was endorsed by the United States and other donor and recipient nations, identifies the need, and steps to take, to make aid more effective. It requires donors ... |
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| The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy |
20-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Kenneth Katzman; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The UAE's open economy and society have won praise from advocates of expanded freedoms in the Middle East, but lax export controls, particularly in the emirate of Dubai, are causing U.S. concern over proliferation of advanced technology, terrorist transiting, and human trafficking. These concerns -- as well as concerns about the UAE oversight and management of a complex and technically advanced initiative such as a nuclear power program -- underscore ... |
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| Attack on the USS Liberty: A Stab at the Truth |
10-Apr-2009 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Mark A Stroh; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| In June 1967, the USS Liberty, an unarmed Navy technical research ship, was attacked by Israeli aircraft and motor torpedo boats in international waters off the coast of Egypt. The attack killed 34 and injured 171 Americans. The attack was clearly an event that intersected military operations at the tactical and operational levels and politics at the strategic level. Using key declassified messages, the findings of the Navy's official Court ... |
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| Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy |
09-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Curt Tarnoff; Marian L Lawson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Foreign assistance is a fundamental component of the international affairs budget and is viewed by many as an essential instrument of U.S. foreign policy. The focus of U.S. foreign aid policy has been transformed since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. This report provides an overview of the U.S. foreign aid program, by answering frequently asked questions on the subject. There are five major categories of foreign assistance: bilateral ... |
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| Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues |
01-Apr-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Mary B Nikitin; Paul K Kerr; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Pakistan's nuclear arsenal consists of approximately 60 nuclear warheads. Pakistan continues fissile material production for weapons, and is adding to its weapons production facilities and delivery vehicles. Pakistan reportedly stores its warheads unassembled with the fissile core separate from non-nuclear explosives, and these are stored separately from their delivery vehicles. Pakistan does not have a stated nuclear policy, but its minimum credible deterrent is thought to be primarily a deterrent ... |
|
| Israel's Settlements in the West Bank: Should the United States Care |
01-Apr-2009 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Tony J Sarver; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The issue of Israeli settlements in the Occupied Territories (West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem) has long been a subject of dispute between the United States and Israel. Their continued existence presents a major challenge to bringing peace to Israel with its Arab neighbors. Moreover, many perceptions of this issue in the United States are uninformed and lead to continued U.S. support of an expanding settlement enterprise that is clearly ... |
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| The New Balance: Limited Armed Stabilization and the Future of U.S. Landpower |
Apr-2009 |
112 pages |
| Authors:
Nathan Freier; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Consistent with his past writing on the rapid onset of an unconventional operating environment, Mr. Nathan Freier takes a critical look at the mission assignment and orientation of U.S. landpower. He calls for an unconventional revolution in U.S. land forces that optimizes them for intervention in complex and violent crises of governance and security in states crippled by internal disorder. In the end, he argues that the armed stabilization of ... |
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| China-U.S. Trade Issues |
31-Mar-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Wayne M Morrison; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past three decades. Total U.S.- China trade has risen from $5 billion in 1980 to $409 billion in 2008. In 2008, China was the second largest U.S. trading partner, its third largest export market, and its biggest source of U.S. imports. About 12% of total U.S. global trade is now with China. According to U.S. data, U.S. firms have invested around $28 ... |
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| State, Foreign Operations Appropriations: A Guide to Component Accounts |
30-Mar-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Curt Tarnoff; Kennon H Nakamura; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs appropriations legislation provides annual funding for almost all of the international affairs programs generally considered as part of the 150 International Affairs Budget Function (the major exception being food assistance). In recent years, the legislation has also served as a vehicle for Congress to place conditions on the expenditure of those funds, and express its views regarding certain foreign policy issues. This report ... |
|
| The Global Nuclear Detection Architecture: Issues for Congress |
25-Mar-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Dana A Shea; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The U.S. government has implemented a series of programs to protect the nation against terrorist nuclear attack. Some of these programs predate September 11, 2001, while others were established since then. Most programs are within the Nuclear Regulatory Commission; the Departments of Defense, Energy, and State; and agencies that became part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) upon its creation, and they are focused on detecting the illicit acquisition ... |
|
| The Global Economic Downturn and Protectionism |
23-Mar-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Raymond J Ahearn; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| In today's severe global economic downturn, concerns are being raised that countries may try to improve their own trade positions in order to help domestic industries at the expense of others by imposing measures that artificially increase their exports or restrict imports. Such efforts are considered by some to be a form of protectionism and are often referred to as beggar-thy-neighbor policies. This report develops three scenarios to approximate different ... |
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| Rebalancing the Military Role in U.S. Foreign Policy |
19-Mar-2009 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
James M Forand; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| While the Department of State (DoS) is charged with leading foreign affairs efforts for the United States, the Department of Defense (DoD) has in recent years gained greater influence in this realm, resulting in what has been characterized as a militarized foreign policy. This is the result of a rise in influence of Combatant Commanders (CCDRs), a migration of nontraditional roles to DoD, and cutbacks to DoS that have impacted ... |
|
| The Proposed 2009 War Powers Consultation Act |
19-Mar-2009 |
50 pages |
| Authors:
Michael L Smidt; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| President Obama and the 111th Congress should repeal the 1973 War Powers Resolution (Resolution) and enact the Proposed 2009 War Powers Consultation Act (Act) in its place. The Act will correct the constitutional issues and policy defects associated with the Resolution. More importantly, the Act will serve to restore the proper balance of power between the President and Congress relating to any decision to commit U.S. Armed Forces to significant ... |
|
| The Tibetan Policy Act of 2002: Background and Implementation |
17-Mar-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Kerry Dumbaugh; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| U.S. policy on Tibet is governed by the Tibetan Policy Act of 2002 (TPA), enacted as part of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act of FY2003 (P.L. 107-228). In addition to establishing a number of U.S. principles with respect to human rights, religious freedom, political prisoners, and economic development projects in Tibet, the TPA established in statute the State Department position of Special Coordinator for Tibetan Issues; required a number of ... |
|
| US Policy Options Mitigating Venezuelan Sponsored Security Challenges |
12-Mar-2009 |
44 pages |
| Authors:
Dennis P LeMaster; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| Chavez's Bolivarian foreign policy seeks to establish Venezuela as an international heavyweight through a strategy designed to thwart U.S. influence in the global arena, particularly in the Western Hemisphere. Accordingly, Chavez is attempting to establish or renew relationships with China, Iran, and Russia and to expand oil markets and trade, to include nuclear technology. Venezuela also has entered into contentious relations with neighboring countries. These actions and policies may destabilize ... |
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