| Chile: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations |
21-Jul-2009 |
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| Authors:
Peter J Meyer; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | Following a violent coup against democratically elected Marxist President Salvador Allende in 1973, Chile experienced 17 years of military rule under General Augusto Pinochet before reestablishing its elected civilian democracy in 1990. A center-left coalition of parties known as the Concertacion has governed Chile for the nearly two decades since the end of the dictatorship. The coalition has enacted a number of constitutional changes to strengthen civilian control of the ... |
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| China-U.S. Trade Issues |
03-Jun-2009 |
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| Authors:
Wayne M Morrison; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past three decades. Total U.S.- China trade has risen from $5 billion in 1980 to $409 billion in 2008. In 2008, China was the second largest U.S. trading partner, its third largest export market, and its biggest source of imports. About 12% of total U.S. global trade is now with China. According to U.S. data, U.S. firms have invested around $28 billion ... |
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| Ethanol: A Strategic Energy Source? |
04-May-2009 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Anthony A Wickham; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
 | As an element of our energy security policy, the United States should encourage the development of alternative energy sources for future U.S. energy needs. The present administration cites our dependence on oil as one of our critical national weaknesses. Our international standing and economic stability will improve if we can discover plentiful renewable energy sources that eventually reduce global demand for oil. Ethanol is one of several possibilities for achieving ... |
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| China's Currency: A Summary of the Economic Issues |
13-Apr-2009 |
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| Authors:
Marc Labonte; Wayne M Morrison; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Many Members of Congress charge that China's policy of accumulating foreign reserves (especially U.S. dollars) to influence the value of its currency constitutes a form of currency manipulation intended to make its exports cheaper and imports into China more expensive than they would be under free market conditions. They further contend that this policy has caused a surge in the U.S. trade deficit with China and has been a major ... |
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| China-U.S. Trade Issues |
31-Mar-2009 |
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| Authors:
Wayne M Morrison; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially over the past three decades. Total U.S.- China trade has risen from $5 billion in 1980 to $409 billion in 2008. In 2008, China was the second largest U.S. trading partner, its third largest export market, and its biggest source of U.S. imports. About 12% of total U.S. global trade is now with China. According to U.S. data, U.S. firms have invested around $28 ... |
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| The Proposed U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA): Provisions and Implications |
24-Mar-2009 |
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| Authors:
Remy Jurenas; William H Cooper; Mark E Manyin; Michaela D Platzer; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| On June 30, 2007, U.S. and South Korean trade officials signed the proposed U.S.-South Korean Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) for their respective countries. If approved, the KORUS FTA would be the largest FTA that South Korea has signed to date and would be the second largest (next to North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA) in which the United States participates. South Korea is the seventh-largest trading partner of the ... |
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| Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy |
05-Mar-2009 |
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| Authors:
Steven Woehrel; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| In January 2005, Viktor Yushchenko became Ukraine's new President after massive demonstrations helped to overturn the former regime's electoral fraud in what has been dubbed the Orange Revolution, after Yushchenko's campaign color. Some hoped Ukraine might finally embark on a path of comprehensive reforms and Euro-Atlantic integration after 15 years of half-measures and false starts. However, infighting within his governing coalition hampered economic reforms and led to disillusionment among Orange ... |
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| China and the Global Financial Crisis: Implications for the United States |
09-Feb-2009 |
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| Authors:
Wayne M Morrison; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Over the past several years, China has enjoyed one of the worlds fastest growing economies and has been a major contributor to world economic growth. However, the current global financial crisis threatens to significantly slow China's economy. Several Chinese industries, particularly the export sector, have been hit hard by crisis, and millions of workers have reportedly been laid off. This situation is of great concern to the Chinese government, which ... |
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| How does India's Energy Security Affect her National Security? |
Dec-2008 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Ajay K Singh; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| India faces formidable challenges in meeting its energy needs and in providing adequate and varied energy to users in a sustainable manner and at reasonable costs. With a population in excess of one billion, and an economic growth rate of 8 to 10 percent per year, the quality and quantity of energy required by India is bound to increase exponentially in the future. In the period 2004-05, India consumed 120.17 ... |
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| Haiti: Legislative Responses to the Food Crisis and Related Development Challenges |
02-Oct-2008 |
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| Authors:
Clare R Seelke; J F Hornbeck; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Haiti faces several interrelated challenges, the most immediate being a lingering food crisis that in April 2008 led to deadly protests and the ouster of Haiti's prime minister. Haiti also suffers from a legacy of poverty, unemployment, and underdevelopment that is compounding security problems for its new and fragile democracy. On May 23, 2008, the Bush Administration announced that it would send an additional $25 million in emergency food aid ... |
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| The U.S. Trade Deficit, The Dollar, and The Price of Oil |
29-Sep-2008 |
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| Authors:
James K Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| Rapid changes in the price of oil and the impact of such price changes on economies around the globe has attracted considerable attention. In mid-2008 as the price of oil rose to unprecedented heights and then dropped sharply, the international exchange value of the dollar fell and then rose relative to a broad basket of currencies. For some, these two events seem to indicate a cause and effect relationship between ... |
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| Generalized System of Preferences: Background and Renewal Debate |
25-Sep-2008 |
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| Authors:
Vivian C Jones; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) provides duty-free tariff treatment to certain products imported from designated developing countries. The United States, the European Union, and other developed countries implemented such programs in the 1970s in order to promote economic growth in developing countries by stimulating their exports. The U.S. program (as established by Title V of the Trade Act of 1974) was extended until December 31, 2008, in section 8002 ... |
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| Health and Safety Concerns Over U.S. Imports of Chinese Products: An Overview |
22-Sep-2008 |
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| Authors:
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| China is a major source of U.S. imports of consumer products (such as toys) and an increasingly important supplier of various food products. Reports of unsafe seafood, pet food, toys, tires, and other products imported from China over the past year or so have raised concern in the United States over the health, safety, and quality of imported Chinese products. This report provides an overview of this issue and implications ... |
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| U.S. International Trade: Trends and Forecasts |
05-Sep-2008 |
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| Authors:
Shayerah Ilias; Dick K Nanto; J M Donnelly; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
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| This report provides an overview of the current status, trends, and forecasts for U.S. international trade. The purpose of this report is to provide current data and brief explanations for the various types of trade flows, particularly U.S. exports, along with a short discussion of particular trends and points of contention related to trade policy. The United States is now running huge deficits in its trade with other nations. Between ... |
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| Campaign 2008: Innovative Ideas for Securing America. A Guide for Candidates |
03-Sep-2008 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
BUSINESS EXECUTIVES FOR NATIONAL SECURITY WASHINGTON DC
|
| This election, voters are demanding creative, new approaches to the urgent national security challenges facing the United States. With the record-high cost of oil and gas, how can our nation?and our military?reduce its dependence on imported foreign oil? With American servicemen and women serving in Iraq and Afghanistan, how can we equip our troops with the most advanced tools and technologies so they can survive and succeed on the battlefield? ... |
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| Europe's Dependence on Russian Natural Gas: Perspectives and Recommendations for a Long-Term Strategy |
01-Sep-2008 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Richard J Anderson; GEORGE C MARSHALL CENTER APO AE 09053 EUROPEAN CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES
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| The EU currently rely on Russia for almost 38% of their imported natural gas; this dependency will become significantly greater if European states implement their currently formulated energy policies. With plans to phase out nuclear power in several European countries, the EU goal to reduce coal consumption thereby lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and the depletion of domestic sources of gas, reliance on Russia will rise to 50 to 60% of ... |
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| Good Bugs, Bad Bugs: A Modern Approach for Detecting Offensive Biological Weapons Research |
01-Sep-2008 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Armstrong; Michael Moodie; Cheryl Loeb; Helen Purkitt; NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
|
| Monitoring covert offensive biological weapons research from afar has always been a daunting task. The problems facing analysts today are even more difficult, as advances in life sciences and dual-use biotechnology are rapidly spreading the knowledge, equipment, and materials needed to produce crude and sophisticated biological weapons around the world. Unlike nuclear programs, a well-defined and limited set of equipment and material that can be controlled through various import/export controls ... |
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| China's Economic Conditions |
27-Jun-2008 |
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| Authors:
Wayne M Morrison; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Since the initiation of economic reforms in 1979, China has become one of the world's fastest-growing economies. From 1979 to 2007 China s real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of 9.8%. Real GDP grew 11.4% in 2007 (the fastest annual growth since 1994). While China is expected to continue to enjoy rapid economic growth in the years ahead and could become the world s largest ... |
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| China's Currency: Economic Issues and Options for U.S. Trade Policy |
22 MAY 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Wyane M. Morrison; Marc Labonte; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The continued rise in China's trade surplus with the United States and the world, and complaints from U.S. manufacturing firms and workers over the competitive challenges posed by Chinese imports have led several Members to call for a more aggressive U.S. stance against certain Chinese trade policies they deem to be unfair. Among these is the value of the China's currency (the renminbi or yuan) relative to the dollar. From ... |
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| North Korean Counterfeiting of U.S. Currency |
16-Apr-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Dick K Nanto; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The United States has accused the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea) of counterfeiting U.S. $100 Federal Reserve notes (supernotes) and passing them off in various countries. This is one of several illicit activities by North Korea apparently done to generate foreign exchange that is used to purchase imports or finance government activities abroad. Although Pyongyang denies complicity in any counterfeiting operation, at least $45 million in ... |
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| Baloch Nationalism and the Geopolitics of Energy Resources: The Changing Context of Separatism in Pakistan |
APR 2008 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Robert G. Wirsing; ARMY WAR COLL STRATEGIC STUDIES INST CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| This monograph examines the Baloch separatist insurgency that has resurfaced in recent years in Pakistan's sprawling Balochistan province. The author maintains that the context of today's insurgency differs in certain important respects from that of its 1970s predecessor. Most fundamental of these differences are those stemming from energy resource developments in parts of South, Central, and Southwest Asia. In particular, the monograph looks at how Pakistan's mounting energy insecurity -- ... |
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| China's Economic Conditions |
11-Mar-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Wayne M Morrison; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Since the initiation of economic reforms in 1979, China has become one of the world's fastest-growing economies. From 1979 to 2007 China s real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of 9.8%. Real GDP grew 11.4% in 2007 (the fastest annual growth since 1994). While China is expected to continue to enjoy rapid economic growth in the years ahead and could become the world s largest ... |
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| World Trade Organization Negotiations: The Doha Development Agenda |
18-Jan-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Ian F Fergusson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The World Trade Organization's (WTO) Doha Development Round of multilateral trade negotiations resumed in 2007 after being suspended in July 2006 after key negotiating groups failed to break a deadlock on agricultural tariffs and subsidies. The negotiations, which were launched at the 4th WTO Ministerial in 2001 at Doha, Qatar, have been characterized by persistent differences between the United States, the European Union, and developing countries on major issues, such ... |
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| North American Oil Sands: History of Development, Prospects for the Future |
17 JAN 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Marc Humphries; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| When it comes to future reliable oil supplies, Canada's oil sands will likely account for a greater share of U.S. oil imports. Oil sands account for about 46% of Canada's total oil production and oil sands production is increasing as conventional oil production declines. Since 2004, when a substantial portion of Canada's oil sands were deemed economic, Canada, with about 175 billion barrels of proved oil sands reserves, has ranked ... |
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| U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices |
15 JAN 2008 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Petroleum prices have risen sharply since early 2005. At the same time the average monthly volume of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energy-related petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. This rising cost added an estimated $70 billion to the nation's trade deficit in 2005 and $50 billion in 2006. ... |
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| China's Currency: Economic Issues and Options for U.S. Trade Policy |
09 JAN 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Wayne M. Morrison; Marc Labonte; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The continued rise in China's trade surplus with the United States and the world, and complaints from U.S. manufacturing firms and workers over the competitive challenges posed by Chinese imports have led several Members to call for a more aggressive U.S. stance against certain Chinese trade policies they deem to be unfair. Among these is the value of the Chinese yuan relative to the dollar. From 1994 to July 2005, ... |
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| Avian Flu Pandemic: Potential Impact of Trade Disruptions |
03 JAN 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Danielle Langton; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Concerns about potential disruptions in U.S. trade flows due to a global health or security crisis are not new. The possibility of an avian flu pandemic with consequences for global trade is a concern that has received attention recently, although some experts believe there is little cause for alarm. Experts disagree on the likelihood of an avian flu pandemic developing at all. This report considers possible trade disruptions, including possible ... |
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| AY 2007-2008 Achieving U.S. Energy Security: Energy Industry Sector Report Seminar 8 |
01-Jan-2008 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
INDUSTRIAL COLL OF THE ARMED FORCES WASHINGTON DC
|
| The source of U.S. national security strength stems in large part from the nation's economic foundation; the ability to generate and exploit inexpensive energy underpins that strength. Therefore, the United States has a vital interest in ensuring the viability and stability of the global energy system and securing its energy security. This Industrial College of the Armed Forces Energy Industry paper analyzes the energy sector and grapples with how to ... |
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| China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues |
13 DEC 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Shirley A. Kan; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Congress has long been concerned about whether U.S. policy advances the national interest in reducing the role of the People s Republic of China (PRC) in the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missiles that could deliver them. Recipients of China s technology reportedly include Pakistan and countries that the State Department says support terrorism, such as Iran and North Korea. This CRS Report, updated as warranted, discusses ... |
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| Should DoD be Concerned with Potential Petroleum Supply Shortage and What Could It Do to Stimulate Alternative Fuels Development? |
01-Dec-2007 |
|
| Authors:
Brent Fisher; Yevgeny Macheret; INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES ALEXANDRIA VA
|
| This white paper addresses the issue of energy supply challenges for the Department of defense (DoD) in the context of greater national energy issues, and it proposes a strategy that DoD might consider to hedge against future energy supply and cost uncertainties, while helping to drive the market development of select energy alternatives for the nation as a whole. The first part of the work is a brief assessment of ... |
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| Biofuels: An Alternative to U.S. Air Force Petroleum Fuel Dependency |
DEC 2007 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Mark S. Danigole; AIR WAR COLL MAXWELL AFB AL CENTER FOR STRATEGY AND TECHNOLOGY
|
| The United States Air Force (USAF) is the largest energy consumer in the Department of Defense (DoD). Volatile oil prices force the USAF to divert money from training budgets and weapon system procurement accounts to cover increased costs due to unbudgeted fuel expenses. In conjunction with the President's mandate to reduce dependency on foreign procured oil and in an effort to stem unfunded fuel expenses, the USAF established an active ... |
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| Implications of China's Growing Demand for Oil: A Case Study in Venezuela |
DEC 2007 |
95 pages |
| Authors:
Keith A. Peterson; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| China's economic rise has been coupled with a growing need to find reliable foreign energy sources. China is the world's second largest oil consumer. China's demand for oil is outpacing previous estimates and accounted for 38 percent of the world's increased demand in 2006. Venezuela is the sixth largest oil producer and is now providing oil to China as a way to diversify exports away from the United States. As ... |
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| U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices |
17 OCT 2007 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Petroleum prices have risen sharply since early 2005. At the same time the average amount of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energy-related petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. This rising cost added an estimated $70 billion to the nation's trade deficit in 2005 and $50 billion in 2006. Imported ... |
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| Defense Contract Management: DOD's Lack of Adherence to Key Contracting Principles on Iraq Oil Contract Put Government Interests at Risk |
JUL 2007 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
John P. Hutton; Marie Ahearn; Penny B. Augustine; Greg Campbell; Jr. James Arthur; Eric Lesonsky; Stephen Lord; Anne McDonough-Hughes; Janet McKelvey; Kenneth Patton; GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE WASHINGTON DC
|
| The Department of Defense's (DoD) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) awarded the $2.5 billion Restore Iraqi Oil (RIO I) contract to Kellogg Brown & Root in March 2003 in an effort to reestablish Iraq's oil infrastructure. The contract was also used to ensure adequate fuel supplies inside Iraq. RIO I was a cost-plus-award-fee type contract that provided for payment of the contractor's costs, a fixed fee determined at inception ... |
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| The European Union's Energy Security Challenges |
07 MAY 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Paul Belkin; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Recent increases in energy prices and a steady escalation in global energy demand - expected to rise by nearly 60% over the next 20 years - have led U.S. policy-makers to engage in a wide ranging debate over how best to address the country s future energy requirements. Similarly, energy security has become a policy priority for the European Union (EU) and its 27 member states. Together, the United States ... |
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| Oil Vulnerabilities and United States Strategy |
08 FEB 2007 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Shawn P. Walsh; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| The United States, its industries, livelihood, and economy depend on oil. The United States is the world's largest consumer of oil, with daily usage of approximately 20 million barrels. Approximately 12.6 million barrels of oil per day is imported from foreign sources. Dependence on foreign oil leaves the American lifestyle, its freedoms, and its economy extremely vulnerable to risk, and exposed to factors outside the United States' immediate control. Foreign ... |
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| U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreement |
31 JAN 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Shirley Kan; Mark Holt; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| This CRS Report, updated as warranted, discusses the agreement on civilian nuclear cooperation with the People's Republic of China (PRC) by focusing on congressional roles in crafting and carrying out the agreement. Some Members have been concerned about U.S. nuclear cooperation with China in the context of China's practices related to the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Members also have been interested in how Congress reviewed the agreement with China as ... |
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| Is China a Threat to the U.S. Economy? |
23 JAN 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Craig K. Elwell; Marc Labonte; Wayne M. Morrison; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The rise of China from a poor, stagnant country to a major economic power within a time span of only 28 years is often described by analysts as one of the greatest economic success stories in modern times. From 1979 (when economic reforms were first introduced) to 2006, China's real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of 9.7%, the size of its economy increased over 11-fold, ... |
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| U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues |
19 JAN 2007 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The United States is the largest investor abroad and the largest recipient of direct investment in the world. For some Americans, the national gains attributed to investing overseas are offset by such perceived losses as displaced U.S. workers and lower wages. Some observers believe U.S. firms invest abroad to avoid U.S. labor unions or high U.S. wages, however, 70% of U.S. foreign direct investment is concentrated in high income developed ... |
|
| China's Trade with the United States and the World |
04 JAN 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Thomas Lum; Dick K. Nanto; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| As imports from the People s Republic of China (PRC) have surged in recent years, posing a threat to some U.S. industries and manufacturing employment, Congress has begun to focus on not only access to the Chinese market and intellectual property rights (IPO) protection, but also the mounting U.S. trade deficit with China as well as allegations that China is selling its products on the international market at below cost ... |
|
| Brazilian Participation in World War II |
15 DEC 2006 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Carlos J. Penteado; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| This thesis examines how Brazil participated in World War II shoulder to shoulder with the Allies, and what this participation brought to the South American country. During the 1930s, when the relationship between Brazil and Germany was improving each year, and when it was assumed that Brazil would support Germany in case war broke out, Brazilian leaders convinced their country to support the Allied cause. Brazil's support of the United ... |
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| Natural Gas Markets in 2006 |
12 DEC 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Robert Pirog; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The Energy Information Administration (EIA) in its Short Term Energy and Winter Fuels Outlook (STEWFO) provided good news for residential natural gas consumers. EIA projected that natural gas winter home heating costs might decline by as much as 13% from last year's record-setting levels, even though consumption is expected to increase this winter. The STEWFO sees prices for natural gas lower than last year as a result of weak market ... |
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| Is China a Threat to the U.S. Economy? |
10 AUG 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Craig K. EElwell; Marc Labonte; Wayne Morrison; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The rise of China from a poor, stagnant country to a major economic power within a time span of only 27 years is often described by analysts as one of the greatest economic success stories in modern times. From 1979 (when economic reforms were first introduced) to 2005, China s real gross domestic product (GDP) grew at an average annual rate of 9.7%, the size of its economy increased 11-fold, ... |
|
| Gun Control: Statutory Disclosure Limitations on ATF Firearms Trace Data and Multiple Handgun Sales Reports |
16 JUN 2006 |
|
| Authors:
William J. Krouse; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| For FY2003-FY2006, riders on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) appropriations have prohibited that agency from disclosing firearm trace data (based on firearm transfer records maintained in part by licensed gun dealers) and multiple handgun sales reports data for any purpose other than supporting a bona fide criminal investigation or agency licensing proceeding. This rider is known as the "Tiahrt" amendment, for its sponsor in full committee ... |
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| U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues |
26 APR 2006 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| The United States is the largest investor abroad and the largest recipient of direct investment in the world. For some Americans, the national gains attributed to investing overseas are offset by such perceived losses as displaced U.S. workers and lower wages. Some observers believe U.S. firms invest abroad to avoid U.S. labor unions or high U.S. wages, however, 70% of U.S. foreign direct investment is concentrated in high income developed ... |
|
| U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Rising Oil Prices |
12 APR 2006 |
|
| Authors:
James K. Jackson; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Petroleum prices have risen sharply since early 2004. At the same time the average amount of imports of energy-related petroleum products has fallen slightly. The combination of sharply rising prices and a slightly lower level of imports of energyrelated petroleum products translates into an escalating cost for those imports. This rising cost added an estimated $70 billion to the nation s trade deficit in 2005 and could add about $100 ... |
|
| China's Impact on the U.S. Automotive Industry |
04 APR 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Stephen Cooney; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| China is both the fastest growing motor vehicle market and the fastest growing vehicle producer. Output and sales have grown from less than two million vehicles annually before 2000 to nearly six million vehicles in 2005. In the number of vehicles that it manufactures China has passed Korea and France, is on pace to overtake Germany, and would then trail only the United States and Japan. A disproportionate share of ... |
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| Addicted to Oil: Strategic Implications of American Oil Policy |
15 MAR 2006 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas D. Kraemer; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA
|
| In his 2006 State of the Union address, President Bush proclaimed that "America is addicted to oil, which is often imported from unstable parts of the world." He announced it was time for the United States to "move beyond a petroleum-based economy and make our dependence on Middle Eastern oil a thing of the past." He set a goal "to replace more than 75 percent of our oil imports from ... |
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| War without Oil: A Catalyst for True Transformation |
17 FEB 2006 |
96 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Hornitschek; AIR WAR COLL MAXWELL AFB AL CENTER FOR STRATEGY AND TECHNOLOGY
|
| This monograph seeks to objectively explore the strategic energy leadership role the Department of Defense (DoD) can play within the context of its national defense mission and President Bush's 2006 Advanced Energy Initiative. By examining current and projected global energy/security environments, the energy roles of various branches of the Federal Government, and the unique responsibilities and characteristics of the DoD as America's largest single energy consumer and security instrument of ... |
|
| Energy Industry, 2006 |
2006 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
INDUSTRIAL COLL OF THE ARMED FORCES WASHINGTON DC
|
| America's energy supply portfolio is influenced by a complicated blend of economics, national security, and diplomacy that transcend our borders. The rapid globalization of markets, shifting political alliances and increasingly intertwined layers of dependency, make even the most reasonable public policy decisions concerning energy subject to intense domestic and international scrutiny and perhaps unintended repercussions. The energy industry is in the midst of unprecedented geopolitical and economic uncertainty that requires ... |
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