| A Glycoform of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) as an Early Biomarker of Exposure to Nonhuman Substances |
Dec 2012 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy M Block; Songming Chen; Anand S Mehta; Terry J Henderson; INSTITUTE FOR HEPATITIS AND VIRUS RESEARCH (IHVR) DOYLESTOWN PA
|
 | We have identified an immunoglobulin G (IgG) subset that transiently exists in rabbits and mice following the introduction of various nonself antigens. This previously unrecognized IgG was named primebody because it appears to be involved in priming the humoral immune response rather than in neutralizing immunogens. Primebody was initially identified by its ability to bind the Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) while still in its native conformation, in contrast to serum ... |
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| Radiation-Induced Vaccination to Breast Cancer |
Oct 2012 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
William H McBride; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES
|
| This study combines the TGFbeta neutralizing antibody, Fresolimumab, with Radiation Therapy (RT) to treat metastatic breast cancer. Fresolimumab is administered intravenously (i.v.) at either 1mg/kg or 10mg/kg on day 1 of weeks 0, 3, 6, 9 & 12 and RT administered at 7.5 Gy/fraction in 3 fractions during weeks 1 (to lesion 1) and 7 (to lesion 2). The primary objectives are 1) to assess safety, feasibility and tumor regression ... |
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| Systemic and Local Vaccination against Breast Cancer with Minimum Autoimmune Sequelae |
Oct 2012 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Wei-Zen Wei; WAYNE STATE UNIV DETROIT MI
|
| Our goal is to eliminate the tumor by vaccination and local ablation to render long-term immune protection without excessive autoimmune sequelae. Complimenting this regimen is systemic modulation of natural/induced Treg (iTreg) and intratumoral expression of immune augumenting cytokines. The two aims are to (1) Test the hypothesis that cryosurgery of cytokine enriched tumors amplifies Her-2 vaccine response, and (2) Test the hypothesis that disabling iTreg conversion enhances Her-2 immunity, not ... |
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| Understanding and Managing Propagation on Large Networks - Theory, Algorithms, and Models |
Sep 2012 |
233 pages |
| Authors:
B A Prakash; CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
|
| How do contagions spread in population networks? What happens if the networks change with time? Which hospitals should we give vaccines to, for maximum effect? How to detect sources of rumors on Twitter/Facebook? These questions and many others such as which group should we market to, for maximizing product penetration, how quickly news travels in online media and how the relative frequencies of competing tasks evolve are all related to ... |
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| Animal and Rabies Control in Joint Operations Areas (Working Paper) |
13 Aug 2012 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Karyn A Havas; Nicole Chevalier; Said gul Safi; Richard Whitten; John Woodford; Edwin Cooper; ARMY PUBLIC HEALTH COMMAND ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Rabies is a rapidly progressive and fatal encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus in the family Rhabdoviridae. Lyssaviruses are RNA viruses that most commonly exhibit intraspecies transmission; however, the rabies virus commonly spills into other species. The disease is transmitted through introduction of infected saliva into the body via bites, scratches, mucosal exposure, or rarely through inhalation of aerosolized saliva in enclosed spaces (caves with infected bat colonies). Common vectors include ... |
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| Fusions of Breast Carcinoma and Dendritic Cells as a Vaccine for the Treatment of Metatastic Breast Cancer |
Jul 2012 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Donald Kufe; Baldev Vasir; David Avigan; DANA-FARBER CANCER INST BOSTON MA
|
| The main objective of the study is to determine the safety, immunologic response, and clinical effect of vaccination with dendritic cell (DC)/breast cancer fusions administered in conjunction with IL-12 to patients with metastatic breast cancer. DC/breast carcinoma fusion cells present a broad array of tumor-associated antigens in the context of DC-mediated costimulation. In clinical studies, vaccination with fusion cells was well tolerated, induced immunologic responses in a majority of patients, ... |
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| Vaccination with Dendritic Cell Myeloma Fusions in Conjunction with Stem Cell Transplantation and PD-1 Blockade |
May 2012 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
David Avigan; BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER BOSTON MA
|
| Most patients with multiple myeloma achieve a complete or near complete response following autologous transplantation. However, patients experience disease relapse from a persistent reservoir of chemotherapy resistant disease. There has been strong interest in developing immunotherapeutic strategies to eradicate residual disease following autologous transplantation. Our group has developed a tumor vaccine model whereby dendritic cells are fused with tumor cells. In clinical trials, vaccination with fusion cell results in anti-tumor ... |
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| Medical Readiness of the Reserve Component |
Jan 2012 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Marygail K Brauner; Timothy Jackson; Elizabeth K Gayton; RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA CENTER FOR MILITARY HEALTH POLICY RESEARCH
|
| As an integral part of the U.S. military, the reserve components (RCs) are continually called upon to support operations around the globe. Within the Department of Defense (DoD), there are six RCs: Army Reserve (USAR), Army National Guard (ARNG), Air Force Reserve (USAFR), Air National Guard (ANG), Navy Reserve (USNR), and Marine Corps Reserve (USMCR). Since September 2001, at least 807,809 reservists have been involuntarily and voluntarily called to active ... |
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| Adenovirus-5-Vectored P. falciparum Vaccine Expressing CSP and AMA1. Part B: Safety, Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of the CSP Component |
Oct 2011 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Cindy Tamminga; Martha Sedegah; David Regis; Ilin Chuang; Judith E Epstein; Michele Spring; Jose Mendoza-Silveiras; Shannon McGrath; Santina Maiolatesi; Sharina Reyes; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD MALARIA PROGRAM
|
| A protective malaria vaccine will likely need to elicit both cell-mediated and antibody responses. As adenovirus vaccine vectors induce both these responses in humans, a Phase 1/2a clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an adenovirus serotype 5-vectored malaria vaccine against sporozoite challenge. NMRC-MV-Ad-PfC is an adenovirus vector encoding the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 circumsporozoite protein (CSP). It is one component of a two-component vaccine NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA consisting of one ... |
|
| Systemic And Local Vaccination Against Breast Cancer With Minimum Autoimmune Sequelae |
Oct 2011 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Wei-Zen Wei; WAYNE STATE UNIV DETROIT MI
|
| Our goal is to eliminate the tumor by vaccination and local ablation to render long-term immune protection without excessive autoimmune sequelae. Complimenting this regimen is systemic modulation of natural/induced Treg (iTreg) and intratumoral expression of immune augumenting cytokines. The two aims are to (1) Test the hypothesis that cryosurgery of cytokine enriched tumors amplifies Her-2 vaccine response, and (2) Test the hypothesis that disabling iTreg conversion enhances Her-2 immunity, not ... |
|
| Immune-Mediated Eradication of Cancer Stem Cells via Polyspherex Microsphere-based Vaccination |
Sep 2011 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Lyse A Norian; IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY
|
| The prognosis for patients with metastatic breast cancer remains poor. Standard radio-and chemotherapies are effective against the majority of cells within solid tumors, but have little impact on the cancer stem cells (CSC) that perpetuate tumor growth. Many studies have implicated CSC as being critically involved in metastatic tumor spread. Thus, finding a way to specifically eradicate CSC could lead to protection from metastatic tumor progression. In this study, we ... |
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| TPD52: A Novel Vaccine Target for Prostate Cancer |
Sep 2011 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Bright; TEXAS TECH UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER LUBBOCK
|
| Tumor protein D52 (D52) is a novel self-onco-antigen involved in cellular transformation, proliferation and metastasis that is over-expressed in prostate cancer cells. The overall goal of this Award is to test the efficacy of D52-based vaccines in the TRAMP murine model of prostate cancer, and to characterize vaccine induced mechanisms of tumor immunity. Due to unforeseen circumstances during this funding period primarily involving the animal vendor and maternity leave for ... |
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| Lung Cancer Prevention Through Prophylactic Vaccination Against Endogenous Retroviral Antigens |
Sep 2011 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Hyam Levitsky; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
| No form of disease prevention has had greater success than prophylactic immunization. Whereas therapeutic cancer vaccines have only marginal evidence of clinical efficacy, prophylactic vaccination against tumor-associated antigens can confer life-long protection in both transplantable and transgenic cancer models. Yet most non-virally associated cancers lack candidate antigens that could be targeted for human cancer prevention. Endogenous Retroviral sequences and other transposable elements (TEs) comprise almost 40% of the human genome. ... |
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| Risk of Disability for US Army Personnel Vaccinated Against Anthrax, 1998-2005 |
11 Aug 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Sandra I Sulsky; Rose S Luippold; Patrick Garman; Hayley Hughes; Paul J Amoroso; OFFICE OF THE SURGEON GENERAL (ARMY) FALLS CHURCH VA
|
| To evaluate the potential for long-term or delayed onset health effects, we extended a previous cohort study of disability separation from the army associated with vaccination against anthrax. Analyses included stratified Cox proportional hazards and multiple logistic regression models. Forty-one percent of 1,001,546 soldiers received at least one anthrax vaccination; 5.21% were evaluated for disability. No consistent patterns or statistically significant differences in risk of disability evaluation, disability determination or ... |
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| Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 18, Number 08, August 2011 |
Aug 2011 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
|
| Fusion of Breast Carcinoma and Dendritic Cells as a Vaccine for the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer. Addendum |
Aug 2011 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Donald W Kufe; DANA-FARBER CANCER INST BOSTON MA
|
| The main objective of the study is to vaccinate patients with metastatic breast cancer with a viable dendritic cell (DC)/breast cancer fusions in conjuction with IL-12 to induce an immunological response with the hope that this combination would further enhance vaccine response by promoting Th1 cytokine induction and T cell activation. In this approach, the entire repertoire of tumor antigens, including those yet to be identified, are expressed with the ... |
|
| Enhancing the Efficacy of Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy by Manipulating T-Cell Receptor Signaling in Order to Alter Peripheral Regulatory T-Cell Activity |
Jul 2011 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew Gray; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
|
| Immunotherapeutic strategies are a novel treatment option for incurable late-stage and metastatic prostate cancer. Several prostate-related antigens have been identified and even used clinically in therapeutic vaccine strategies, but the results have been disappointing. The activity of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) is a mechanism of peripheral tolerance that regulates immune responses, including those induced by therapeutic vaccination against cancer-associated antigens. PEST-domain enriched tyrosine phosphatase (PEP) is a critical negative ... |
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| Measures of Effective Military Public Health Interventions in Stability Operations |
10 JUN 2011 |
106 pages |
| Authors:
Jacob W. Aaronson; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| There is broad consensus that attention to health sector needs plays an important role in addressing the causes of state fragility, whether to avoid conflict, during conflict, or post-conflict. Based on the premise that health-related interventions during stability operations are intended to improve those health sector issues that may affect state fragility, the evidence suggests that efforts to reduce child mortality rates are the most beneficial. While health outcome metrics ... |
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| A 2011 Risk/Benefit Analysis of the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program |
10 Jun 2011 |
97 pages |
| Authors:
Karla L Davis; ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS
|
| Safety, efficacy, and legal concerns surrounded the Department of Defense (DoD) Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP) in the early and mid-2000s. Production capacity, patient refusals, and legal injunctions limited vaccine delivery during this time period. Since 2007, the Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA) has been administered to all service members deploying to high-risk areas except those medically or administratively exempt. This thesis evaluates the current AVIP in terms of associated risks ... |
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| Second-Generation Therapeutic DNA Lymphoma Vaccines |
MAY 2011 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Larry Kwak; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| The idea of genetic vaccination originated from the observation that injection of DNA into living animals resulted in expression of gene products in vivo. Preclinical studies revealed that genetic immunization induced both antigen-specific antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte. Early human trials of DNA vaccines have been mainly focused on infectious disease, and vaccines against malignant disease have activated anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients and extended remission. Compared with proteins or ... |
|
| Maxwell Paper Anthology. Award-Winning Papers AY 2010 |
APR 2011 |
217 pages |
| Authors:
AIR UNIV PRESS MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| It is my pleasure to Introduce the Air War College Maxwell Paper Anthology, a compilation of the award-winning papers from our 2010 graduates. Since we published the first Maxwell Paper in May 1996, we have distributed 47 papers demonstrating the highest level of analytical creativity and scholarship. The 12 papers presented here provide insight into and promote discussion on topics of importance to senior leaders. |
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| Adoptive Cellular Therapy Targeting Recurrent Pediatric Brain Cancers During Hematopoietic Recovery from High-Dose Chemotherapy |
Apr 2011 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Duane A Mitchell; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| A phase I/II clinical trial evaluating the feasibility, safety, and clinical efficacy of adoptive cellular therapy combined with dendritic cell (DC) vaccination targeting recurrent medulloblastoma and PNETs was opened for enrollment at Duke University Medical Center during the previous funding period (Year 1). DC generation and T cell expansion from archived post-induction chemotherapy specimens from five patients with medulloblastoma was attempted and mature RNA-pulsed DCs were successfully generated from 3 ... |
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| Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated Rift Valley Fever Vaccine in a 19-Year Study |
26 FEB 2011 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Janice M. Rusnak; Paul Gibbs; Ellen Boudreau; Denise P. Clizbe; Phillip Pittman; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| An investigational, formalin-inactivated Rift Valley fever (RVF) vaccine, known as The Salk Institute-Government Services Division (TSI-GSD) 200 vaccine, was administered to 1860 at-risk subjects (5954 doses) between 1986 and 2004 as a three-dose primary series (days 0, 7, and 28) followed by booster doses as needed for declining titers. An initial positive serological response (PRNT80 > or = 1:40) to the primary series was observed in 90% of subjects. Estimate ... |
|
| The Ring of Gyges: Anonymity and Technological Advance's Effect on the Deterrence of Non-State Actors in 2035 |
16 Feb 2011 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
David R Iverson; AIR WAR COLL MAXWELL AFB AL
|
| This paper explores the effects of anonymity and technological advances on deterrence theory and recommends ways to make today's deterrence methods more effective in this future environment. It begins by examining the main themes of classic deterrence in the national security literature as they apply to groups and individuals. Next, it presents a basic model of group and individual behavior to explain how anonymity creates an ungoverned space that traditional ... |
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| Vaccine Vector for Sustained High-Level Antitumor CTL Response |
JAN 2011 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Ann Hill; OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCES UNIV PORTLAND
|
| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) induces strong and long-lasting immune responses, which make it an attractive candidate for a cancer vaccine vector. In this study, we tested whether Her2/neu expressed in CMV can induce tumor specific immune responses and mount an anti-tumor effect against breast cancer. We have constructed a MCMV-neu vaccine expressing a truncated rat Her2/neu containing extracellular and transmembrance domains. A single dose of MCMV-neu vaccination induced complete rejection of Tubo ... |
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| Immune Responses and Protection of Aotus Monkeys Immunized with Irradiated Plasmodium vivax Sporozoites |
Jan 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Alejandro Jordan-Villegas; Anilza Bonelo Perdomo; Judith E Epstein; Jesus Lopez; Alejandro Castellanos; Maria R Manzano; Miguel A Hernandez; Liliana Soto; Fabian Mendez; Thomas L Richie; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD MALARIA PROGRAM
|
| A non-human primate model for the induction of protective immunity against the pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium vivax malaria using radiation-attenuated P vivax sporozoites may help to characterize protective immune mechanisms and identify novel malaria vaccine candidates. Immune responses and protective efficacy induced by vaccination with irradiated P vivax sporozoites were evaluated in malaria-naive Aotus monkeys. Three groups of six monkeys received two, five, or ten intravenous inoculations, respectively, of 100,000 ... |
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| Immunization-Safety Monitoring Systems for the 2009 H1N1 Monovalent Influenza Vaccination Program |
Jan 2011 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel A Salmon; Aysha Akhtar; Michelle J Mergler; Kirsten S Vannice; Hector Izurieta; Robert Ball; Grace M Lee; Claudia Vellozzi; Patrick Garman; Francesca Cunningham; DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SCIENCES WASHINGTON DC OFFICE OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND SCIENCE
|
| The effort to vaccinate the US population against the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus hinged, in part, on public confidence in vaccine safety. Early in the vaccine program, 20% of parents reported that they would not vaccinate their children. Concerns about the safety of the vaccines were reported by many parents as a factor that contributed to their intention to forgo vaccination (see www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/ press-releases/2009-releases/survey-40-adults-absolutely-certain-h1n1- vaccine.html and www.med.umich.edu/mott/npch/reports/h1n1.htm). The safety profiles ... |
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| Developing a Regional Recovery Framework |
Jan 2011 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Ann M Lesperance; Jarrod Olson; Steve Stein; Rebecca Clark; Heather Kelly; Jim Sheline; Grant Tietje; Mark Williamson; Jody Woodcock; PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LAB SEATTLE WA
|
| A biological attack would present an unprecedented challenge for local, state, and federal agencies, the military, the private sector, and individuals on many fronts, ranging from vaccination and treatment to prioritization of cleanup actions to waste disposal. To prepare for recovery from this type of incident, the Seattle Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) partners collaborated with military and federal agencies to develop a regional recovery framework. The goal was to ... |
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| Proteomic Basis of the Antibody Response to Monkeypox Virus Infection Examined in Cynomolgus Macaques and a Comparison to Human Smallpox Vaccination |
30 DEC 2010 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Sarah Keasey; Christine Pugh; Alexander Tikhonov; Gengxin Chen; Barry Schweitzer; Aysegul Nalca; Robert G. Ulrich; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease that occurs primarily in Central and West Africa. A recent outbreak in the United States heightened public health concerns for susceptible human populations. Vaccinating with vaccinia virus to prevent smallpox is also effective for monkeypox due to a high degree of sequence conservation. Yet, the identity of antigens within the monkeypox virus proteome contributing to immune responses has not been described in detail. We ... |
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| Army Reserve Component Personalized Empowerment Program (ARCPEP) |
Oct 2010 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Georgia DeLaCruz; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE ROCKVILLE MD
|
| Dental health significantly affects operational readiness of the Army Reserve Component (ARC). Dental Class III soldiers are considered non-deployable. Army regulations require that all soldiers have an annual dental examination and that 95% of soldiers are dentally ready (Class I or II). After deployment, soldiers must be dental Class I or II within120 days. No effective mechanism exists to assess and track oral health and medical health issues related to ... |
|
| Enhancing Anti-Breast Cancer Immunity by Blocking Death Receptor DR5 |
SEP 2010 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Wei-Zen Wei; WAYNE STATE UNIV DETROIT MI
|
| As described in the 2008 progress report, the revised hypothesis is that agonist DR5 Ab induced by DNA vaccination will trigger tumor cell apoptosis without compromising T cell activity. The specific aims are to (1)Construct and test DR5 vaccines to induce anti-DR5 Ab, (2) Test the agonist activity of vaccine-induced anti-DR5 Ab, and (3) Amplify anti-tumor activity of DR5 vaccination with novel chemotherapeutics. During the funding period, we established that ... |
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| In Vitro Analysis of Acetalated Dextran Microparticles as a Potent Delivery Platform for Vaccine Adjuvants |
Jan 2010 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Eric M Bachelder; Tristan T Beaudette; Kyle E Broaders; Jean M Frechet; Mark T Albrecht; Alfred J Mateczun; Kristy M Ainslie; John T Pesce; Andrea M Keane-Myers; CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists induce potent innate immune responses and can be used in the development of novel vaccine adjuvants. However, access to TLRs can be challenging as exemplified by TLR 7, which Is located intracellularly in endosomal compartments. To increase recognition and subsequent stimulatory effects of TLR 7, imiquimod was encapsulated in acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) microparticles. Ac-DEX, a water-insoluble and biocompatible polymer,ls relatively stable at pH 7.4, but degrades ... |
|
| Molecular Vaccines for Malaria |
Jan 2010 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Joseph T Bruder; Evelina Angov; Keith J Limbach; Thomas L Richie; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| The basic premise of vaccination is the triggering of host immune responses leading to the induction of adaptive immunity having sufficient magnitude and duration to provide long term protection. This has been achieved by many licensed vaccines, the majority based on attenuated or Inactivated organisms, although often the protective antigens and underlying molecular -- mechanisms have not been Identified. However, this traditional approach has not led to the development of ... |
|
| Empowering Malaria Vaccination by Drug Administration |
Jan 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Robert W Sauerstein; Else M Bijker; Thomas L Richie; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD MALARIA PROGRAM
|
| Although significant progress has been made in clinical development, a protective malaria vaccine remains elusive. Here we review some of the immune subversive mechanisms used by the Plasmodium malaria parasite and propose a potentially effective strategy to achieve complete protection that may serve as a blue print for clinical usage. The premise is to modulate the immune response with drugs that neutralize suppressive functions and potentiate protective responses. Chloroquine may ... |
|
| Differential Effect of CD4+Foxp3+ T-regulatory Cells on the B and T Helper Cell Responses to Influenza Virus Vaccination |
Jan 2010 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Jacqueline Surls; Cristina Nazarov-Stoica; Margaret Kehl; Sofia Casares; Teodor-D Brumeanu; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD DEPT OF MEDICINE
|
| The T-regulatory (T-reg) cells restrict the T-cell functions in various viral infections including influenza infection. However little is known about the effect of T-regs in influenza vaccination. Herein, we found that immunization of BALB/c mice with a prototype of UV-inactivated influenza PRS/A/34 virus vaccine expanded the CD4+Foxp3+ T-reg pool and fostered the development of virus-specific CD4+Foxp3+ T-reg cells. Increasing the size of Foxp3+ T-reg pool did not alter the primary ... |
|
| Protection Against Dengue Virus by Non-Replicating and Live Attenuated Vaccines Used Together in a Prime Boost Vaccination Strategy |
Jan 2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Monika Simmons; Timothy Burgess; Julia Lynch; Robert Putnak; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD RICKETTSIAL DISEASES DEPT
|
| A new vaccination strategy for dengue virus (DENV) was evaluated in rhesus macaques by priming with tetravalent purified inactivated virus (TPIV) or tetravalent plasmid DNA vaccines expressing the structural prME gene region (TDNA) then boosting 2 months later with a tetravalent live attenuated virus (TLAV) vaccine. Both vaccine combinations elicited virus neutralizing (N) antibodies. The TPIV/TLAV combination afforded complete protection against DENV 3 challenge at month 8. In a second ... |
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| Vaxfectin (registered trademark) Enhances Both Antibody and In Vitro T Cell Responses to Each Component of a 5-gene Plasmodium falciparum Plasmid DNA Vaccine Mixture Administered at Low Doses |
Jan 2010 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Martha Sedegah; William O Rogers; Maria Belmonte; Arnel Belmonte; Glenna Banania; Noelle B Patterson; Denis Rusalov; Marilyn Ferrari; Thomas L Richie; Denise L Doolan; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD MALARIA PROGRAM
|
| We previously reported the capacity of the cationic lipid-based formulation, Vaxfectin (registered trademark) to enhance the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a low dose plasmid DNA vaccine against Plasmodium yoelii malaria in mice. Here, we have extended this finding to human Plasmodium falciparum genes, evaluating the immune enhancing effect of Vaxfectin (registered trademark) formulation on a mixture designated CSLAM of five plasmid DNA vaccines encoding antigens from the sporozoite (PfCSP, ... |
|
| Development of a Metabolically Active, Non-Replicating Sporozoite Vaccine to Prevent Plasmodium falciparum Malaria |
Oct 2009 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Stephen L Hoffman; Peter F Billingsley; Eric James; Adam Richman; Mark Loyevsky; Tao Li; Sumana Chakravarty; Anusha Gunasekera; Rana Chattopadhyay; Minglin Li; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Immunization of volunteers by the bite of mosquitoes carrying radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites protects greater than 90% of such volunteers against malaria, if adequate numbers of immunizing biting sessions and sporozoite- infected mosquitoes are used. Nonetheless, until recently It was considered impossible to develop, license and commercialize a live, whole parasite P. falciparum porozoite (PfSPZ) vaccine . In 2003 Sanaria scientists reappraised the potential impact of a metabolically active , ... |
|
| The 2009 Influenza Pandemic: An Overview |
10-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Sarah A Lister; C S Redhead; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | On June 11, 2009, in response to the global spread of a new strain of H1N1 influenza (flu), the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak to be an influenza pandemic, the first since 1968. WHO said that the pandemic declaration was based on the geographic spread of the new virus, not on increasing severity of the illnesses it causes. Officials now believe the outbreak began in Mexico in March, ... |
|
| Enhancement of Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy Using a Small Molecule TGF-beta Receptor Type I Kinase Inhibitor |
Jul-2009 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew Rausch; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON
|
| Dendritic cells (DC) have become particularly attractive candidates for cancer immunotherapy due to their potent ability to stimulate antigen specific T cells responses. To date DC-based immunotherapy has demonstrated only limited clinical success in the treatment of established tumors. The limited clinical efficacy of existing DC-based cancer vaccines has been attributed in part to suppressive factors produced by the growing tumor, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) that has been ... |
|
| Combined Telomerase Inhibition and Immunotherapy in the Prevention and Treatment of Mammary Carcinomas |
01-Feb-2009 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jianlin Gong; BOSTON UNIV MA
|
| To determine antitumor immunity in MMT mice that are deficient for telomerase activity, we immunized MMT, G0 and G1 to G4 mTERC-/-MMT mice with DC/tumor fusion vaccine (FC/MMT). Vaccination of MMT, G0 and G1 to G4 mTERC-/-MMT mice induced CTL that lysed MUC1-positive tumor cells, suggesting that the cellular immunity is not affected by telomerase inactivity, at least in the G1 and G2 mTERC-/-MMT mice. The induction of CTL in ... |
|
| Combining Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy to Target Survivin in Prostate Cancer |
Jan-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Forthe Schaue; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES
|
| The goal of this research is to logically integrate immunotherapy (IT) with conventional radiotherapy (RT) to improve the treatment of men with advanced or recurrent prostate cancer. The initial aim is to determine whether local RT of prostate tumors in a preclinical and clinical setting leads to measurable tumor-specific immune responses and whether tumor vaccination can boost these responses leading to better tumor control. Survivin is our tumor antigen of ... |
|
| Comparison of the Trivalent Live Attenuated vs. Inactivated Influenza Vaccines Among U.S. Military Service Members |
Jan-2009 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Steven K Tobler; Angelia A Eick; Zhong Wang; Hayley Hughes; Stephen M Ford; ARMED FORCES HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Limited effectiveness data are available comparing live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) to inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) among adults. To compare the incidence of influenza-like illness following immunization of adults with LAIV vs. TIV, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of active component U.S. military personnel for the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 influenza seasons. Recruits experienced a much higher burden of disease compared to non-recruits, with crude incidence rates of influenza-like illness ... |
|
| Macrolide Antibiotics Improve Phagocytic Capacity and Reduce Inflammation In Sulfur Mustard-Exposed Monocytes |
Dec-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Radharaman Ray; Prabhati Ray; Xiugong Gao; Yan Xiao; Keiko Ishida; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Sulfur mustard (SM) inhalation causes apoptosis and death of airway epithelial cells as well as inflammation in the airway. Efficient clearance of the cell debris by alveolar macrophages (AMs) is necessitated to reduce the inflammation. Macrolide antibiotics have been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties by modulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, and by improving macrophage functions. The present study investigated the effects of four FDA-approved macrolide antibiotics, namely ... |
|
| Development of Antigen Presenting Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer |
Dec-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Mathias Oelke; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV BALTIMORE MD
|
| While adoptive immunotherapy holds promise as a treatment for cancer and infectious diseases, development has been impeded by the lack of reproducible methods for generating therapeutic numbers of antigen-specific CD8+ CTL. As a result, there are only limited reports of expansion of antigen-specific CTL to levels required for clinical therapy. Therefore, our groups has previously developed artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells (aAPC), made by coupling soluble HLA-Ig and anti-CD28 to beads. These ... |
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| Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 15, Number 7, September 2008 |
Sep-2008 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
ARMED FORCES HEALTH SURVEILLANCE CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
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| CONTENTS: Syncope after Immunization by Injection, U.S. Armed Forces, 1998-2007; Uses of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Procedures, U.S. Armed Forces, Active Component, 2006-2007; Uses of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Procedures, U.S. Armed Forces, Active Component, 2006-2007; Update: Deployment Health Assessments, U.S. Armed Forces, August 2008 |
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| Vaccination of High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients with Carbohydrate Mimicking Peptides |
01-May-2008 |
111 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas Kieber-Emmons; ARKANSAS UNIV FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES LITTLE ROCK
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| The expression of the Tumor Associated Carbohydrate Antigens such as the neolactoseries antigen Lewis Y (LeY) and gangliosides such as GM2 and GD2/GD3 are amplified on breast cancer cells and is linked to poor prognosis and high risk of disease relapse. Immunotherapy to direct responses to TACA is, therefore, perceived to be of clinical benefit. To overcome this deficiency, we developed mimotopes of TACA to induce more robust cross-reactive and ... |
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| Identification of Tumor Rejection Antigens for Breast Cancer Using a Mouse Tumor Rejection Model |
01-May-2008 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Mary L Disis; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE
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| Our goal in this proposal is to identify antigens that are associated with tumor rejection. Whereas this study would not be possible in humans, we have recently established a tumor rejection model by implanting the mouse tumors derived from neu-tg mice into the parental FVB/N mouse, who are identical in every way except were NOT engineered to develop breast cancer. In our model, none of the parental FVB/N mice develop ... |
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| Therapeutic Human Hyperimmune Polyclonal Antibodies Against Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B |
MAY 2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
M. J. Aman; INTEGRATED BIOTHERAPEUTICS FREDERICK MD
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| This SBIR project aims to develop hyperimmune human polyclonal antibody that neutralizes the toxic activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) as treatment for toxic shock induced by SEB disseminated as aerosol in a biowarfare scenario. The primary goal of Phase I was to demonstrate the feasibility of therapeutic intervention with immunoglobulin enriched with antibodies against SEB. Feasibility of the approach was demonstrated in cellular assays and a mouse model of ... |
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| Evaluation of Quantitative Anti-F1 IgG and Anti-V IgG ELISAs for use as an in Vitro-Based Potency Assay of Plague Vaccine in Mice |
01-Apr-2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
S F Little; W M Webster; H Wilhelm; B Powell; J Enama; J J Adamovicz; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD BACTERIOLOGY DIV
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| Quantitative anti-F1 and anti-V IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed to measure the serological response of female Swiss Webster mice after vaccination with the recombinant fusion protein, rF1-V, which is being developed as a plague vaccine. Several fundamental parameters of the ELISA were evaluated: specificity, precision, accuracy, and stability. Experimental results suggested that a potency assay based upon the serological response of female Swiss Webster mice, as measured by ... |
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