| Monitoring of Streambank Stabilization and River Restoration Structures on Ice-Affected Rivers in Northern Vermont |
Aug-2009 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew M Tuthill; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
 | Modern river restoration and streambank stabilization designs are taking more natural approaches. Examples include vanes and weirs constructed of rocks or logs that encourage bank sedimentation and direct flow toward the channel center, also rock riffles and weirs to control grade. Successful projects help control bed and bank erosion, re-connect floodplains, increase flow diversity and improve habitat for fish and wildlife. To date, the design of these increasingly popular structures ... |
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| China's Pursuit of Africa's Natural Resources, (CSL Issue Paper, Volume 1-09, June 2009) |
Jun-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Brent Bankus; Kent H Butts; ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA CENTER FOR STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP
|
| Africa is a vast continent with diverse geographic patterns and a relatively limited population. The resource base of Africa is enormous, with powerful rivers, world leading concentrations of strategic minerals, and important petroleum and uranium deposits. Nevertheless, it is comprised mainly of developing states, with limited capacity and infrastructure. Western development strategies have failed miserably in Africa, falling victim to Cold War politics, cultural differences and Africa's colonial heritage. Long ... |
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| Aerosol Impacts on Cirrus Clouds and High-Power Laser Transmission: A Combined Satellite Observation and Modeling Approach |
22-Mar-2009 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Kuo N Liou; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES
|
| The AF anticipates fielding the ABL in the near future and needs to account for all the atmospheric conditions, such as cloud crystals, which would impede its successful operation. The objective of this additional work basic research effort is to provide additional characterization of the optical properties of cirrus clouds (particularly the ice crystals which form within these clouds at night) together with an improved prediction of the deleterious reflections ... |
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| Explosion Source Characteristics in Frozen and Unfrozen Rock |
30-Sep-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Jessie L Bonner; Mark R Leidig; Katherine Murphy; Sara L Dougherty; Randolph J Martin; WESTON GEOPHYSICAL CORP WESTBOROUGH MA
|
| The Frozen Rock Experiment (FRE) was conducted in central Alaska in August 2006 to provide empirical data on seismically-estimated yield from explosions in frozen rock. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that frozen rock is significantly stronger than unfrozen rock, and it has been hypothesized that this increased strength, due to ice in the pores and cracks, can alter seismic yield. Central Alaska has abrupt lateral boundaries in discontinuous permafrost, and we ... |
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| Cold Regions: Materiel Effects |
22-Sep-2008 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
ARMY COLD REGIONS TEST CENTER FORT GREELY AK
|
| This Test Operations Procedure (TOP) provides background information on testing of military systems for operation in the cold regions. Information is presented on the effects of the cold environment on materiel and Military Systems. Materiel covered includes tank/automotive systems, weapons, soldier systems, support equipment, communications and information systems equipment, and small arms. This is an overview TOP and is organized to provide knowledge on what material effects can be expected ... |
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| Getting Ready for Arctic Operations |
Sep-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Kurt A Hansen; Michael Inman; Michael Cerne; COAST GUARD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER GROTON CT
|
| Currently the U.S. Coast Guard has no personnel or facilities permanently assigned north of the Arctic Circle. As the ice cover is reduced, the resulting additional shipping will require the performance of missions in areas never seen before. Before this happens, analysis needs to be done to determine how the service can best organize and execute its missions. The first major steps are being taken this year to determine what ... |
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| Energetic Residues and Crater Geometries from the Firing of 120-mm High-Explosive Mortar Projectiles into Eagle River Flats, June 2007 |
01-Jul-2008 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Taylor; Marianne E Walsh; Charles M Collins; Michael R Walsh; Charles A Ramsey; Susan R Bigl; Ronald N Bailey; Alan D Hewitt; Mark Prieksat; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Fourteen 120-mm high-explosive mortar projectiles were fired into the Eagle River Flats (ERF) impact area in June 2007 to determine physical disturbance of the mudflat when it is not covered by ice. Currently, ERF is used only when it is covered by ice that prevents disturbance of the underlying sediment. Thirteen of the projectiles functioned normally and produced high-order detonations. The high order detonation craters averaged 2.7 m in diameter ... |
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| Investigation of 2-Dimensional Isotropy of Under-Ice Roughness in the Beaufort Gyre and Implications for Mixed Layer Ocean Turbulence |
MAR 2008 |
73 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy P. McGeehan; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| The two-dimensional (2D) spectral properties, including the degree of isotropy, of under-ice roughness in the Beaufort Gyre were investigated. Under-ice roughness plays an important role in turbulent ocean heat, salt, and momentum fluxes that determine the delicate balance between surface forcing and the ocean interior that sustains or reduces the perennial ice cover. Accurate characterization of this roughness is important for numerical modeling and prediction of the Arctic air-ice-ocean system, ... |
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| Cloud Phase and the Surface Energy Balance of the Arctic; An Investigation of Mixed-Phase Clouds |
MAR 2008 |
83 pages |
| Authors:
Kristopher J. Kripchak; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| This study examines the phase relationship (liquid versus ice) in Arctic clouds Although it is recognized that clouds are fundamental components of the surface energy balance, the nature of Arctic cloud phase is poorly understood and may have important implications for feedbacks associated with the rapid disappearance of sea ice. This study uses the annual cycle of cloud, radiation, and meteorological measurements made as part of the Surface Heat Budget ... |
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| A Reconnaissance Snow Survey across Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada, April 2007 |
FEB 2008 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew Sturm; Chris Derksen; Glen Liston; Arvids Silis; Daniel Solie; Jon Holmgren; Henry Huntington; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| During April 2007, a coordinated series of snow measurements were made across the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada, during a 4200-km snowmobile traverse from Fairbanks, Alaska, to Baker Lake, Nunavut. While detailed, local snow measurements have been made as part of ongoing studies at tundra field sites in this region (Daring Lake and Trail Valley Creek in the Northwest Territories), systematic measurements at the regional scale have not been previously ... |
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| The History of Early Polar Ice Cores |
JAN 2008 |
57 pages |
| Authors:
Jr Langway Chester C.; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The scientific knowledge of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, and the subsequently derived Earth history, has been greatly increased during the past 50 years. Much of the new information was obtained from various studies made on a relatively small number of deep (300-400 m) and several very deep (some over 3000 m) ice cores, recovered from the inland regions of both ice sheets by different national and international research ... |
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| Generation of High Frequency P and S Wave Energy by Rock Fracture During a Buried Explosion |
10 NOV 2007 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Charles G. Sammis; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES DEPT OF EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES
|
| The micromechanical damage mechanics developed by Ashby and Sammis (1990) was used to explore the effects of rock fracture on the seismic coupling of explosions. An important focus was the effect of ice in the fractures. The main effect of ice in the cracks of crystalline rock is to bridge the existing cracks forming a larger number of smaller cracks. Ice also increases the coefficient of friction on the cracks ... |
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| Measuring Energetics Residues on Snow |
OCT 2007 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R. Walsh; Marianne E. Walsh; Charles A. Ramsey; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Quantifying energetics residues resulting from firing and detonating military munitions are necessary components in developing range sustainability models and plans. Determination of the residue plume area, discrimination from previous activities, separation of the residues from the collection matrix, and processing of the samples are all difficult tasks when dealing with residues on soils. To circumvent these problems, the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory has been sampling for ... |
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| Explosives Residues Resulting from the Detonation of Common Military Munitions: 2002-2006 |
FEB 2007 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R. Walsh; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Detonation of military munitions from live-fire and blow-in-place operations results in the deposition of explosives residues on training ranges. Residue accumulation may cause range availability restrictions and adversely affect training. As part of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and through support from the U. S. Army Garrison, Alaska, methodologies were developed for the sampling and analysis of residues. Several munitions were detonated and their residues examined to obtain ... |
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| Propagation of Uncertainties in Sea Ice Thickness Calculations From Basin-Scale Operational Observations: A Report Prepared for the International Ice Charting Working Group and the National/Naval Ice Center |
SEP 2006 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
Cathleen A. Geiger; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| Sea ice serves as a natural flux monitor of the global heat balance. This capability is attributed to the unique location of sea ice at the interface of the world's two largest circulation systems the air and ocean. The increased awareness of warming in the polar region has precipitated increased efforts to measure sea ice thickness as an index for global heat changes. This increased awareness has brought with it ... |
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| The Relationship Between Cloud-to-Ground Lightning and Precipitations Ice Mass: A Radar study over Houston |
JUN 2006 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Michael L. Gauthier; Walter A. Petersen; Lawrence D. Carey; Jr. Christian Hugh J.; ALABAMA UNIV IN HUNTSVILLE
|
| Using seven summer-seasons (1997-2003, over 46,000 volumes) of NEXRAD data, coincident climatologies of summer-season ground flash densities and radar derived, column integrated, precipitation ice mass (IM) were developed, extending global studies of IM and lightning to more regional and cell scales around Houston, TX. Results indicate that local maximums in cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning were indeed accompanied by peaks in IM. Extending previous global findings to cell-scales, we establish a link ... |
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| Double Lap Shear Testing of Coating Modified Ice Adhesion to Liquid Oxygen Food Line Bracket, Space Shuttle External Tank |
MAY 2006 |
92 pages |
| Authors:
M. G. Ferrick; N. D. Mulherin; R. B. Haehnel; B. A. Coutermarsh; G. D. Durell; T. J. Tantillo; T. L. St.Clair; E. S. Welser; R. J. Cano; T. M. Smith; E. C. Martinez; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The brackets that secure the liquid oxygen feed line to the external tank are known locations of frost and ice growth during the period following fuel loading. This experiment quantified the reduced adhesion when ice phobic coating were applied to test coupons simulating the bracket surface. Double lap shear testing of coated and uncoated coupons provided robust test specimens and consistent load response patterns with exceptional resolution. For these tests ... |
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| Development and Evolution of Cirrus in a Mesoscale Model |
MAR 2006 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Michael M. Lewis; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA DEPT OF METEOROLOGY
|
| Cirrus cloud forecasting is of particular importance to various Department of Defense programs. This thesis takes a case study approach to study Air Force Weather Agency Mesoscale Model 5 (AFWA MM5) skill in forecasting cirrus clouds, which are not represented explicitly by the model (ice water mixing ratio is used as a surrogate.) Two cases are selected for study. For each case, an initial forecast time of interest is determined ... |
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| Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propagation and Global Modeling |
21 FEB 2006 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
John Hallett; Matt Bailey; DESERT RESEARCH INST RENO NV
|
| Laser beam propagation through the earth's atmosphere is influenced by absorption and scattering by ice crystals as occur in cirrus clouds. New instruments (cloudscopes) and laboratory chambers (thermal diffusion, fall tower) have been designed and built to characterize and simulate such crystals to measure absorption and scatter of laser beams. The cloudscope, deployed for aircraft or laboratory use, collects and video-records to crystals to provide a measure of their size, ... |
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| Improving 30-Day Foreacsts of Great Lake Ice Cover: Phase III 30-Day Spatial Forecasts |
15 FEB 2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Meg Austin; UNIVERSITY CORP FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH BOULDER CO
|
| While many previous studies have highlighted important ice-atmosphere relationships in the Great Lakes, there remains a disconnect between the science and an objective 30-day forecast. In particular, most previous studies focused on temporally consistent (e.g. winter ice cover and winter mean temperatures) analyses, which are not applicable for forecasting. Additionally, most studies demonstrated only basin-scale linkages (i.e. the Great Lakes a single entity), but forecasters need information on scales specific ... |
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| Geochemical Tools and Paleoclimate Clues: Multi-Molecular and Isotopic Investigations of Tropical Marine Sediments and Alpine Ice |
FEB 2006 |
|
| Authors:
Matthew C. Makou; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
 | South American climate has undergone dramatic changes since the last glacial period, as evidenced from Cariaco Basin (Venezuelan coast) and Peru Margin marine sediment biomarker records. Compounds derived from vascular plant leaf waxes and delivered to the marine sedimentary environment, including long-chain (C24-C32) n alkanoic acids, were used as proxies for terrestrial vegetation type, aridity, and atmospheric circulation. Marine biomarkers, such as sterols and phytol, were used to reconstruct productivity ... |
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| Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Israel River Ice Control Structure, Lancaster, NH |
JAN 2006 |
41 pages |
| Authors:
Carrie M. Vuyovich; Kathleen D. White; COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB HANOVER NH
|
| The Israel River in Lancaster NH. has experienced numerous significant ice jams. In 1981 the New England Division of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers completed an ice control structure (ICS) located about 0.5 miles upstream from the center of town. The 9-ft-high concrete-capped gabion weir was designed to retain both frazil ice during freezeup and broken ice after ice cover breakup. In recent years. the ICS has fallen into ... |
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| Artificial `Spin Ice' in a Geometrically Frustrated Lattice of Nanoscale Ferromagnetic Islands |
2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Peter Schiffer; R. F. Wang; C. Nisoli; R. S. Freitas; J. Li; W. McConville; B. J. Cooley; M. S. Lund; N. Samarth; C. Leighton; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK OFFICE OF SPONSORED PROGRAMS
|
| Frustration, defined as a competition between interactions such that not all of them can be satisfied, is important in systems ranging from neural networks to structural glasses. Geometrical frustration, which arises from the topology of a well-ordered structure rather than from disorder, has recently become a topic of considerable interest. In particular, geometrical frustration among spins in magnetic materials can lead to exotic lowtemperature states, including spin ice, in which ... |
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| Energetic Residues From Live-Fire Detonations of 120-mm Mortar Rounds |
DEC 2005 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R. Walsh; Marianne E. Walsh; Charles M. Collins; Stephanie P. Saari; Jon E. Zufelt; Arthur B. Gelvin; James W. Hug; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Only limited data are available on energetic residues resulting from the firing and detonation of rounds from 120-mm mortars. After a live-fire training exercise at Fort Richardson, Alaska, we sampled a firing point for propellant residues (NG) and the impact area for high-explosives residues (RDX, HMX, and TNT). The firing point was snow-covered soil, and the impact area was snow-covered ice. The total explosives residue mass averaged 19 mg per ... |
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| New Lock for Soo Locks and Dam, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, St. Mary's River |
SEP 2005 |
135 pages |
| Authors:
John E. Hite Jr.; Andrew M. Tuthill; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICSLAB
|
| The U.S. Army Engineer District, Detroit (LRE) proposes construction of a new lock at the Soo Locks on the St. Mary's River near Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. The lock will replace the existing Davis and Sabin locks in the North Canal. Currently, the Poe Lock is the only facility at Soo Locks capable of handling the Great Lakes system's largest vessels. These large vessels account for more than half of ... |
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| Computational Model of Ice Harbor Forebay, Washington |
AUG 2005 |
79 pages |
| Authors:
Richard L. Stockstill; John E. Hite Jr.; Jane M. Vaughan; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICSLAB
|
| This project serves as a demonstration of the three-dimensional (3D) numerical modeling capability of large reservoirs up to and including the complex geometries of the powerhouse, spillway, and lock guard wall structures. The 3D Navier-Stokes module of the Adaptive Hydraulic (ADH) computer code is used to compute the forebay flow at the Ice Harbor Dam. A numerical flow model of the Ice Harbor Dam forebay, which is located on the ... |
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| Passive Millimeter-Wave Signatures of Ice Particles in Hurricane Erin |
25 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Gail Skofronick Jackson; Eric Holthaus; Cerese Albers; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GREENBELT MD GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
|
| Observations of Hurricane Erin (2001) taken during the Fourth Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-4) are used to elucidate relationships between measurements and models. Measurements include active and passive microwave sensors, and dropsondes. Models used in the analysis include radiative transfer (RT) models, mesoscale models (MM5), and particle parameterizations. Various combinations of the models and observational constraints are used in the RT model to provide calculated brightness temperatures to compare to ... |
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| Operational Polar Ice Forecasting |
JUL 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Pamela S. Posey; Ruth H. Preller; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| The Arctic is one of the most hostile operational environments in the world. Free drifting icebergs, shifting boundaries of pack ice, 24-hour darkness, sub-zero temperatures, icing on ship's equipment and superstructures and a lack of dependable logistical support can make Arctic operations extremely dangerous for ships, aircraft and submarines. Given these harsh operating conditions, real-time information and accurate forecasts can mean the difference between missing success and major equipment damage. ... |
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| Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS): Subsurface Performances Evaluation |
14 APR 2005 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
G. Picardi; D. Biccari; A. Bazzoni; F. Fois; P. Melacci; C. Federico; A. Frigeri; L. Marinangeli; D. Calabrese; W. T. Johnson; UNIVERSITA LA SAPIENZA ROME (ITALY) DEPT MEMOMAT
|
| According to the Mars Express mission, the MARSIS primary scientific objectives are to map the distribution of water, both liquid and solid, in the upper portions of the crust of Mars. Three secondary objectives are also defined: subsurface geologic probing, surface characterization, and ionosphere sounding. In order to obtain the primary objectives, the Radar Sounder design was based on the Ice/water interface and Dry/ice interface scenario: defining the material composition ... |
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| Ice Cover Effects on Scour in Narrow Rivers (Ice Engineering, April 2005) |
APR 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Leonard J. Zabilansky; Kathleen D. White; ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The influence of an ice cover on a channel involves complex interactions among the ice cover, ice roughness, fluid flow, sediment, bed geometry, water depth, and channel geometry. This complex interaction can have a dramatic effect on sediment transport process (Fig. 1) and channel development, especially in narrow rivers. A river is considered narrow if the ice in the center of the channel is constrained from responding to changes in ... |
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| An Examination of Protocols for The Collection of Munitions-Derived Explosives Residues on Snow-Covered Ice |
APR 2005 |
68 pages |
| Authors:
Michael R. Walsh; Marianne E. Walsh; Charles A. Ramsey; Thomas F. Jenkins; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Range contamination and sustainability are major issues for the United States military. Training is a critical factor in force readiness, and the availability of ranges is crucial to this need. To determine the impact of training on ranges, data are required on the deposition of explosives residues from live-fire and blow-in-place detonation of munitions. A method of sampling on snow-covered ranges, the discrete sampling method, was developed by the Army's ... |
|
| Large-Amplitude Mountain Wave Breaking over Greenland |
17-Feb-2005 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
James D Doyle; Melvyn A Shapiro; Qingfang Jiang; Diana L Bartels; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB MONTEREY CA
|
| A large-amplitude mountain wave generated by strong southwesterly flow over southern Greenland was observed during the Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track Experiment (FASTEX) on 29 January 1997 by the NOAA G-IV research aircraft. Dropwindsondes deployed every 50 km and flight level data depict a vertically propagating large-amplitude wave with deep convectively unstable layers, potential temperature perturbations of 25 K that deformed the tropopause and lower stratosphere, and a vertical velocity maximum ... |
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| The Effects of Vegetation on the Dynamic State of the Ground |
DEC 2004 |
3 pages |
| Authors:
Susan Frankenstein; George Koenig; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| The Battlespace Terrain Reasoning and Awareness (BTRA) research program edict for the Future Combat System(s) (FCS) is to "provide warfighters with an accurate and timely understanding of the battlespace environment's effect on personnel, platforms, sensors and systems in order to develop improved tactics, techniques, procedures and plans that insure information superiority and situational awareness" (R. Davis, ERDCCRREL, personal communication). BTRA is developing tools which will be embedded in DTSS (Digital ... |
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| Toussaint River, Ohio, Ordnance Migration Study |
AUG 2004 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy Welp; Michael Tubman; Adam Hamm; Kevin Redman; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS COASTAL AND HYDRAULICSLAB
|
| In support of the U.S. Army Engineer District, Buffalo, the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center conducted a 2-year study of the movement of simulated ordnance (SO) deployed in Lake Erie near the mouth of the Toussaint River. The Toussaint River is adjacent to the former Erie Army Depot, a formerly used defense site (FUDS) that contains approximately 3 miles of lake front. The objective of this study was ... |
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| International Arctic Buoy Programme Data Report, 1 January 2003 - 31 December 2003 |
JUN 2004 |
206 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Ortmeyer; Ignatius Rigor; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| This report presents data collected by the International Arctic Buoy Programme (IABP) between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2003. The network of automatic data buoys deployed by the IABP monitors synoptic-scale fields of pressure, temperature, and ice motion throughout the Arctic Basin. |
|
| New Colloidal Systems with Practical Ramifications |
MAY 2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Fredric M. Menger; EMORY UNIV ATLANTA GA
|
| This Final Report begins with a description of two catalysts and one microemulsion that are effective decontamination systems for mustard and nerve agent simulants. It then describes new ester-modified surfactants synthesized in the hopes that they would provide enhanced solublilization power. In the process, a comparison was made between contiguous and segmented hydrophobicity, the first such comparison of its kind. Surfactants were found to differ in their cmc, foaming, area ... |
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| Protonated Arenes as Solid Proton Conducting Electrolytes |
10 JAN 2004 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Daniel Stasko; TOLEDO UNIV OH DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| The goal of this project was to utilize weakly coordinating anion technology to produce new materials for use as proton conducting electrolytes. The main focus of the work was protonated arene ionomers. The protonated arenes have not met the requirements of thermal stability and proton conductivity. Continuation of the research effort on a more fruitful class of materials has led to a wide range of compounds based upon WCAs that ... |
|
| HYCOM Consortium for Data-Assimilative Ocean Modeling |
01-Jan-2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Harley E Hurlburt; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| Long term goals: Make HYCOM (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model) a state of the art community ocean model with data assimilation capability that can (1) be used in a wide range of ocean-related research, (2) be used in a next generation eddy-resolving global ocean prediction system and (3) be coupled to a variety of other models including littoral, atmospheric ice and bio-chemical. |
|
| Study of the Physical Mechanisms of Ice Adehsion |
20 OCT 2003 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Victor F. Petrenko; THAYER SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING HANOVER NH
|
| In this research we have investigated main physical mechanisms of ice adhesion and developed several novel deicing and anti-icing methods. The following mechanisms of ice adhesion have been studied experimentally and theoretically: 1) electrostatic interactions between the electrical charge at the ice surface and the charge induced on a solid substrate; 2) hydrogen bonding between water molecules and substrate atoms; and 3) Liftshitz-van der Waals (LVW) dispersion forces. Using that ... |
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| Ice Engineering: Progress in Evaluating Surface Coatings for Icing Control at Corps Hydraulic Structures |
OCT 2003 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Nathan D. Mulherin; Robert B. Haehnel; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Removal of accreted ice during the winter at Corps hydropower and navigation projects is time-consuming, costly, and sometimes hazardous. Annual maintenance costs incurred at Corps of Engineers projects as a result of ice problems were estimated by Haynes et al. (1993) to be $33 million in 1992 (Fig. 1). A previous issue of Ice Engineering (Haehnel 2002) described an ongoing icing research program at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering ... |
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| Effect of Nifedipine on Core Cooling in Rats during Tail Cold Water Immersion |
SEP 2003 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Michael J. Durkot; Lawrence de Garavilla; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Male rats (450 g, n=11/group) were heated at an ambient temperature of 42 degrees C until a rectal temperature of 42.8 degrees C was attained. The rats then received either saline (30 degrees C) + tail ice water immersion (F + I) or saline (30 degrees C) + tail ice water immersion + Nifedipine, a peripheral vasodilator (F + I + N) to determine cooling rate effectiveness and survivability. The ... |
|
| The Circulation and Variability in the Western Arctic Ocean - Model Results |
SEP 2003 |
129 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffrey S. Dixon; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA
|
| Circulation in the western Arctic Ocean is not well understood. To address some of its outstanding questions, volume transport and property fluxes are investigated using a coupled ice-ocean model of the pan-Arctic region configured at a 1/12-degree and 45-level grid. Results for analyses are from the last 23 years of a 30-year integration forced with realistic 1939-2001 atmospheric data. Velocity at three depth intervals, mean transports and fluxes are investigated ... |
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| MISR Cloud Detection over Ice and Snow Based on Linear Correlation Matching |
SEP 2003 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Tao Shi; Bin Yu; Amy Braverman; CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY DEPT OF STATISTICS
|
| Cloud detection is a crucial step in any climate modelling or prediction. Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer "MISR" was launched in 1999 by NASA to provide 9 angle and 4 band data to retrieve or estimate the cloud height and hence cloud detection. However, cloud detection even with MISR data has been proven very difficult over ice and snow. In this paper, we bypass the cloud height estimation step to directly tackle ... |
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| Overland Erosion Due To Freeze-Thaw Cycling: Laboratory Experiments |
APR 2003 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Lawrence W. Gatto; Michael G. Ferrick; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
|
| Ice that forms in soil voids during the freezing process pushes soil grains apart reducing particle cohesion and soil strength and making soil more erodible. This report summarizes 18 experiments to measure erosion rates in a soil that was frozen and thawed once and in the same unfrozen soil. We hypothesized that soil freeze-thaw (FT) processes significantly increase upland hill slope erosion during subsequent runoff events. We selected a frost- ... |
|
| Analysis of Multiple Wavelength Lidar Backscatter From Cirrus |
01 FEB 2003 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
John R. Roadcap; Phan D. Dao; Patrick J. McNicholl; BOSTON COLL CHESTNUT HILL MA
|
| Lidar backscatter from cirrus cloud particles at multiple wavelengths (532 nm, 1064 nm, 10591 nm) was measured at Hanscom AFB, MA in August 2001. Range-resolved measurements were made for several hours daily at altitudes from 9 km to 16 km over a temperature range of -30C to -70C. Three days were selected for study -- 9 August, 14 August, and 16 August 2001. Cirrus backscatter measurements were analyzed in combination ... |
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| Wide-Area Ice Detection Using Time Domain Reflectometry |
OCT 2002 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Norbert E. Yankielun; Charles C. Ryerson; Sarah L. Jones; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| Ice accretion on the wings of fixed-wing aircraft and on the rotors of rotor-wing aircraft can have disastrous results. The ice that forms on a wing structure especially along the leading edge modifies the wing aerodynamics resulting in decreased lift. In the extreme this can lead to stall and loss of control of the aircraft and potentially a crash. Ice building up elsewhere on the wing rotor or airframe can ... |
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| Long-Term Survival of Enteric Microorganisms in Frozen Wastewater |
OCT 2002 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Louise V. Parker; C. J. Martel; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER HANOVER NH COLD REGIONS RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING LAB
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| Microorganisms that are found in domestic wastewater and that can cause illness in humans include bacteria viruses protozoan cysts and helminth ova. This literature review attempts to determine whether organisms contained in a frozen sewage bulb in the Antarctic ice would survive for decades. This review briefly examines the structural differences between these organisms; examines the susceptibility of these organisms to chilling freezing thawing and frozen storage and the effect ... |
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| Correcting the Ice Draft Data from the SCICEX '98 Cruise |
JUN 2002 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
S. Dickinson; M. Wensnahan; G. Maykut; D. Rothrock; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
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| A solution is presented for correcting the ice draft data collected by the Digital Ice Profiling System (DIPS) from the first half of the SCICEX '98 cruise. The ice draft measurements are intrinsically related to the depth of the submarine and were corrupted by faulty measurements of depth. The ship's digital depth detector measured the gross movements of the submarine, but was unresponsive to small changes in depth associated with ... |
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| Cooling Individuals Using Encapsulating Protective Clothing in a Hot Humid Environment |
APR 2002 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Johnathan W. Kaufman; NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER AIRCRAFT DIV PATUXENT RIVER MD HUMAN PERFORMANCE TECHNOLOGY BRANCH
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| Persons responsible for removing extremely hazardous chemical agents or responding to chemical incidents typically wear fully encapsulating chemical protective ensembles (Level A) during field operations. Level A ensembles are currently used without any ancillary cooling system thereby greatly increasing the risk of thermal injury. The present study evaluated 4 candidate cooling systems intended to mitigate thermal stress experienced by Level A ensemble users in hot humid conditions. Four current members ... |
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| Verification and Comparison of Polar MM5 and AFWA MM5 Forecasts Over Alaska |
MAR 2002 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
William E. Courtemanche; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| The Mesoscale Model 5th Generation (MM5) is used for operational support to Air Force missions in the Alaskan Theater. The 11th |
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