| Feasibility of Dual Optics/Ultrasound Imaging and Contrast Media for the Detection and Characterization of Prostate Cancer |
01-Mar-2009 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
David Hall; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA
|
 | This research project focuses on prostate cancer, a devastating socioeconomic disease, whose detection is plagued with inadequate sensitivity and specificity. Hypoxia is the hallmark of malignancy because aggressive cancers outgrow their blood supply. We ultimately aim to build an instrument that combines Optics and UltraSound (OPUS) to quantify hypoxia via optical imaging but with the improved spatial resolution of US imaging. Specifically, the acousto-optic effect will be used to only ... |
|
| Potentiation of Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy Using Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Therapies |
01-Oct-2008 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce M Fenton; ROCHESTER UNIV NY
|
| Various antiangiogenic strategies have proven effective in preclinical tumor models, either as single agents or combined with radiation (RT). The current work aimed to evaluate whether treatment sequencing critically impacts tumor pathophysiological and therapeutic response. Using human prostate tumor models, axitinib, an inhibitor of VEGF receptors, was administered either before or after each daily RT fraction, and pathophysiological changes were monitored. Tumor growth inhibition was equivalent following the two combination ... |
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| Evaluation of a Gentex (registered trademark) ORO-NASAL Oxygen Mask for Integration with the Aqualung (registered trademark) Personal Helicopter Oxygen Delivery System (PHODS) |
13-Jul-2008 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A Roller; Ian P Curry; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| In current U. S. Army operations, rotary-wing aircrew can be repeatedly exposed to moderately high altitude (up to 18,000 feet pressure altitude), making hypoxia, and its performance effects, a real hazard. The United States Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL) was tasked by the Product Manager Air Warrior to evaluate an oxygen mask for use with the Personal Helicopter Oxygen Delivery System (PHODS) for potential use by U. S. Army helicopter ... |
|
| A Predictive Model for Satellite-Derived Phytoplankton Absorption Over the Louisiana Shelf Hypoxic Zone: Effects of Nutrients and Physical Forcing |
06-Jun-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Rebecca E Green; Gould; Richard W Jr; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| We investigated environmental forcing mechanisms of phytoplankton absorption near the Mississippi River delta using multi-year satellite data. An algorithm for the phytoplankton absorption coefficient was developed from in situ measurements and applied to ocean color imagery. We employed a suite of chemical and physical forcing variables, including surface currents. For satellite-derived time series (2002-2004) correlation and stepwise regression analyses revealed the most important forcing variables on the Louisiana shelf. Mississippi ... |
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| Therapeutic Vascular Targeting and Irradiation: Correlation of MRI Tissue Changes at Cellular and Molecular Levels to Optimizing Outcome |
Jun-2008 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Dawen Zhao; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
|
| Vascular targeting agents (VTA) are new types of anticancer drugs that act on existing tumor vasculature, causing vascular disruption, which ultimately leads to extensive ischemic tumor cell death. Interesting findings showed that VTA killed cells predominantly in the more hypoxic tumor center, as a consequence of hemorrhagic necrosis after vascular collapse, whereas the better perfused peripheral rim was less affected. This apparently limits the effectiveness of such agents and rapid ... |
|
| Rapid Altitude Acclimatization |
09-May-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Martha Tissotvanpatot; David Irwin; Robert Gotshall; Karyn Hamilton; COLORADO UNIV HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER AURORA CO
|
| The goal of this seedling was to determine whether cell-free hemoglobin (HBOC) solutions could enhance oxygen carrying capability of blood during exposure to high altitude (14,000 ft and above). The outcome of interest was increased altitude exercise performance secondary to improved oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Male Sprague Dawley rats were habituated to treadmill running, then evaluated on time to fatigue at base altitude (1500 m) and then again at ... |
|
| Modeling the Response of Primary Production and Sedimentation to Variable Nitrate Loading in the Mississippi River Plume |
06-Mar-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Rebecca E Green; Greg A Breed; Michael J Dagg; Steven E Lohrenz; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
 | Increases in nitrate loading to the Mississippi River watershed during the last 50 years are considered responsible for the increase in hypoxic zone size in Louisiana-Texas shelf bottom waters. There is currently a national mandate to decrease the size of the hypoxic zone to 5000 sq km by 2015, mostly by a 30% reduction in annual nitrogen discharge into the Gulf of Mexico. We developed an ecosystem model for the ... |
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| Improving Warfighters' Sustainment and Performance in Extreme Environmental Conditions |
18-Feb-2008 |
|
| Authors:
Kevin Kregel; Zhongjie Xun; Ibolja Cernak; Joseph LaManna; JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV LAUREL MD APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
| In this project, we have developed and verified experimental rat models capable of reproducing physiological responses to extreme environmental conditions, such as simulated high-altitude hypoxia, acute heat stress, and chronic cold stress, comparable to conditions in military relevant scenarios. The major goal of the project was to experimentally test a drug treatment using a heat-shock protein co-inducer (Arimoclomol ; CytRx, Los Angeles, CA) in these rat models of extreme environmental ... |
|
| S-Nitrosylation and the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension |
FEB 2008 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Lisa A. Palmer; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE
|
| Nitric oxide (NO) transfer reactions between protein and peptide cystines are thought to represent a regulated signaling process. In the current studies, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) was used as a bait reactant to measure NO transfer reactions in the blood and the vascular effects of these reactions in the pulmonary vasculature. In blood, NAC was converted to S-nitroso-N acetyl cysteine (SNOAC) both in vivo and ex vivo. Ex vivo, SNOAC formation ... |
|
| Physiological and Biochemical Neuroprotection in Cetaceans: Are Some Marine Mammal Species Safeguarded from Emboli Formation and Barotrauma? |
Jan-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Terrie M Williams; CALIFORNIA UNIV SANTA CRUZ LONG MARINE LAB
|
| The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility of critical tissues in cetaceans to acoustically mediated trauma from emboli formation. By investigating tissue and whole animal mechanisms we intend to identify possible physiological/environmental factors that would allow for lipid/gas mobilization and concomitant tissue damage at depth. If successful, the results of this project will enable the development of environmentally sensitive schedules for oceanic acoustic activities by identifying ... |
|
| Delineating the Effects of Tumor Therapies on Prostate Cancer Using Small Animal Imaging Technologies |
NOV 2007 |
100 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Lewis; MISSOURI UNIV-ST LOUIS
|
| This final report presents the data generated under the grant awarded to Jason S. Lewis, PhD (W81XWH-04-1-0906). This proposal was aimed at delineating the relationship between androgen ablation and hypoxia as well as monitoring changes in blood flow, metabolism, oxygenation, vascular permeability and cellular proliferation in animal models of prostate cancer using small animal PET. In this final report we detail the advances made in relation to the original Statement ... |
|
| Potentiation of Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy Using Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Therapies |
OCT 2007 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce M. Fenton; ROCHESTER UNIV NY
|
| The focus of this grant was to gauge the pathophysiological effects of combinations of radiotherapy and a variety of antiangiogenic agents by studying corresponding changes in vascular maturity and function in PC-3 and DU145 human prostate xenografts. Perfusion, apoptosis, proliferation, and hypoxia indices as well as pericyte and basement membrane coverage were quantified using image analysis of immunohistochemically stained frozen tumor sections. Results argue against a treatment-induced functional normalization of ... |
|
| Flt-1 Function and Signaling in Breast Cancer |
OCT 2007 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Charlotte M. Harwood; MASSACHUSETTS UNIV MEDICAL SCHOOL WORCESTER
|
| The VEGF receptor Flt-1 mediates VEGF survival signaling in cancer cells and has been correlated with a high risk metastasis and relapse in breast cancer. However, the function of Flt-1 in breast cancer is not yet known. Here we report an increase in Flt-1 expression in breast tumor cells exposed to a hypoxic environment. Interestingly, no increase in Flt-1 expression was observed in pre-malignant breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, Flt-1 was ... |
|
| A Physiological and Human Factors Evaluation of a Novel Personal Helicopter Oxygen Delivery System |
SEP 2007 |
49 pages |
| Authors:
Ian P. Curry; Richard A. Roller; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| In current U.S. Army operations, rotary-wing aircrew can be repeatedly exposed to moderately high altitude (up to 18,000 feet pressure altitude), making hypoxia, and its performance effects, a real hazard. The United States Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL) was tasked by the Product Manager Air Warrior to evaluate a portable oxygen system for potential use by U.S. Army helicopter aircrew. The system described below provided capability for oxygen production, charging ... |
|
| Neurobehavioral Toxicity Assessment |
SEP 2007 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Karl Friedl; Stephen Grate; Susan Proctor; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA MILITARY PERFORMANCE DIV
|
| Information on the mental status of Soldiers is vital to their management in future deployments to prevent acute performance deficits and post-deployment health consequences such as chronic multisymptom illnesses and neurodegenerative diseases. The military needs a parsimonious set of reliable neurosychological tests that (1) provide early detection of individual impairment and (2) predict occupational and deployment health risks. Testing must characterize cognitive lapses and mood changes in healthy individuals faced ... |
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| Markers of Hypoxia/Reoxygenation in the Development of Metastatic Breast Cancer |
JUL 2007 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael P. Gamcsik; DUKE UNIV DURHAM NC
|
| A novel in vitro cell perfusion system was designed and constructed. This system can maintain cultured breast cancer cells under conditions simulating the hypoxia/reoxygenation cycles observed in vivo. Preliminary studies suggest that breast cancer cells grown under hypoxia undergo oxidative stress as the main cellular antioxidant glutathione is depleted under these conditions. This suggests that hypoxia and reoxygenation may trigger development of the metastatic phenotype and that glutathione may be ... |
|
| Combined MR and Optical Imaging System for Noninvasive Tumor Characterization and Quantification of Oxygenation Gain Factor in a Breast Cancer Animal Model |
JUN 2007 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Roshanak Shafiiha; CALIFORNIA UNIV IRVINE
|
| This study proposes to modify and improve an existing MR-compatible optical tomography system that is used for non-invasive tumor characterization and provides higher sensitivity and specificity for cancer imaging. The proposed research will conduct animal studies to evaluate the system's performance in distinguishing malignant from benign tumors in vivo. Additional experiments will be designed to assess the method's sensitivity to quantifying oxygenation gain factor in breast tumors. This investigation will ... |
|
| Therapeutic Vascular Targeting and Irradiation: Correlation of MRI Tissue Changes at Cellular and Molecular Levels to Optimizing Outcome |
JUN 2007 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Dawen Zhao; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
|
| Vascular targeting agents (VTA) are able to disrupt tumor vasculature, leading to extensive tumor necrosis. Interesting findings have shown that VTA kills cells predominantly in the more hypoxic tumor center, while the better perfused peripheral rim is less affected. This apparently limits the effectiveness of such agents and rapid regrowth of tumor residues occurs. However, these findings suggest a potential of a combination of VTA with treatments specifically targeting the ... |
|
| Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT-077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preoperatively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Cancer |
APR 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Rodney D. Braun; WAYNE STATE UNIV DETROIT MI
|
| The major goal of this project is to determine if the rhodacyanine analog dye, MKT-077, can be used to inhibit breast cancer cell oxygen metabolism and raise tumor oxygen levels, thereby radiosensitizing the tumor. In the second year, we had to switch breast cancer cell lines from the human MDA-MB 231 line to the rat R3230Ac mammary adenocarcinoma line, because we were unable to grow xenografts from the human cells. ... |
|
| Evaluation of a Portable Helicopter Oxygen Delivery System |
01 NOV 2006 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
Richard A. Roller; Ian P. Curry; Victoria J. Mando; ARMY AEROMEDICAL RESEARCH LAB FORT RUCKER AL
|
| Rotary-wing aircrew can be repeatedly exposed to moderately high altitude (up to 18,000 feet pressure altitude), making hypoxia and its performance effects a real hazard. Accordingly, USAARL was tasked to evaluate a portable oxygen system for potential use by U.S. Army helicopter aircrew. The system described below provided capability for oxygen production, charging of the portable system, as well as final use by aircrew. The objectives of the investigation were ... |
|
| Anti-Angiogenic Action of Neutral Endopeptidase |
NOV 2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
David Nanus; CORNELL UNIV MEDICAL COLL (WEILL) NEW YORK
|
| Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature is an important event in tumor progression. It results from a complex, multistep biochemical cascade that is initiated by the activation of endothelial cells in response to angiogenic factors. In prostate cancers, angiogenic factors are produced by epithelial and stromal cells, and are believed critical to prostate cancer growth and progression. One of the most important of these factors ... |
|
| Potentiation of Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy using Combined Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Therapies |
OCT 2006 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce M. Fenton; ROCHESTER UNIV NY
|
| The focus of this grant period was to delineate the effects of monotherapies or combinations of radiotherapy and AG-013736 (a multiple angiogenic receptor inhibitor) on vascular maturity and function, based on perfusion and hypoxia indices as well as pericyte coverage. In 3 major experiments, 250 tumors were frozen for immunohistochemical staining and image analysis. Almost complete growth inhibition was observed for the combined therapy. Total and perfused vessel counts were ... |
|
| Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake |
AUG 2006 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
William F. James; William B. Richardson; Eric A. Strauss; Lynn A. Bartsch; Jennifer C. Cavanaugh; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS
|
| Proximate goals of this research were to quantify the rates of nitrate removal, identify processes responsible for nitrogen transformations, and determine patterns of nitrogen loss from a backwater lake of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). The long-range goal was to determine the management potential for removing nitrogen from the UMR by increasing flows of nitrogen-rich main channel water through backwater lakes. |
|
| Effect of High Altitude Exposure, Antioxidant Supplementation, and Exercise on Postural Stability |
JUL 2006 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Allen Cymerman; Kimberly Stone; Anne L. Friedlander; Stephen R. Muza; Charles S. Fulco; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| Hypoxia caused by rapid travel to high mountain areas can have devastating effects on the health and performance of sensitive individuals. To better understand the factors involved in these detrimental effects, in 2002, the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Hospital (PAVA) and the United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) culminated a 3-yr study entitled "Effect of energy deficit on work performance at 4,300 m elevation." The overall goal ... |
|
| Evaluation of Deoxygenation as a Corrosion Control Measure for Ballast Tanks |
07 JUN 2006 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Lee; Richard I. Ray; Brenda J. Little; Edward Lemieux; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Field experiments designed to evaluate deoxygenation of natural seawater as a corrosion control measure for unprotected carbon steel seawater ballast tanks demonstrated decreased corrosion in hypoxic ( |
|
| Therapeutic Vascular Targeting and Irradiation: Correlation of MRI Tissue Changes at Cellular and Molecular Levels to Optimizing Outcome |
JUN 2006 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Dawen Zhao; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
|
| Vascular targeting agents (VTA) are new types of anticancer drugs that act on existing tumor vasculature, causing vascular disruption, which ultimately leads to extensive ischemic tumor cell death. Research findings have shown that VTA kills cells predominantly in the more hypoxic area of the tumor, the tumor center, as a consequence of hemorrhagic necrosis after vascular collapse, whereas the better perfused peripheral rim is less affected. This limits the effectiveness ... |
|
| Monitoring Cancer Oxygenation Changes Induced by Ultrasound |
JUN 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Anastasios Maurudis; Quing Zhu; CONNECTICUT UNIV STORRS
|
| Chemotherapy is becoming more important in breast cancer treatment. It offers a perfect opportunity to evaluate the utility of newer targeted drugs. Despite the development of new techniques to characterize the biologic features of breast tumors, the factors influencing the quality of response to therapy remain obscure. One factor that may influence response to systemic chemotherapy is tumor perfusion. Tumors with relatively poor perfusion may receive inadequate delivery of systemic ... |
|
| Evaluation of Novel Agents Which Target Neovasculature of Breast Tumors |
APR 2006 |
217 pages |
| Authors:
Michael G. Rosenblum; M D ANDERSON CANCER CENTER HOUSTON TX
|
| The unique fusion toxin VEGF121/rGel specifically kills both log-phase and confluent vascular endothelial cells expressing the KOR receptor for VEGF (PNAS 99:7866 2002). We have discovered 22 unique genes consistently up-regulated in endothelial cells treated with VEGF121/rGel (confirmed by Western and RT-PCR). VEGF121/rGel (i.v.) treatment against an orthotopic breast model resulted in significant delay of tumor growth by 50%. In addition tumors completely regressed in 3/6 (50%) of treated mice. ... |
|
| An Evaluation of Ballast Tank Corrosion in Hypoxic Seawater |
12 MAR 2006 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Lee; Richard I. Ray; Brenda J. Little; Edward J. Lemieux; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| Investigations were undertaken to evaluate the impact of hypoxia on corrosion within ballast tanks. Carbon steel coupons were exposed to seawater in alternating fill/drain conditions encountered in operational ballast tanks. The following alternating exposure conditions between fill/drain conditions were examined: 1) oxygenated seawater/air, 2) hypoxic seawater (0.2 mg/L O2)/hypoxic gas. The effect of oxygen on corrosion in a hypoxic environment was evaluated by introducing oxygenated air into the hypoxic chamber ... |
|
| A Novel Approach to Monitoring Prostate Tumor Oxygenation: Proton MRI of the Reporter Molecule Hexamethyldisiloxane |
MAR 2006 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Weina Cui; TEXAS UNIV AT DALLAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
|
| Growing evidence iron experimental and clinical studies confirms that solid human tumors have foci of hypoxic cells, which have a profound influence on the therapeutic outcome of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A strong argument therefore exists for assessing the hypoxic traction of tumors prior to patient treatment, and to tailor this treatment accordingly. It bas been shown that there is linear relationship between R1 of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and pO2 and ... |
|
| Effect of Residence Time on Net Nitrate Retention in Flow-Regulated Backwaters of the Upper Mississippi River |
FEB 2006 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
William F. James; William B. Richardson; David M. Soballe; John W. Barko; Harry L. Eakin; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS GEOTECHNICAL AND STRUCTURES LAB
|
| This research investigated relationships between water residence time and net nitrate retention (i.e., loading minus discharge) in flow-controlled backwater systems of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Goals were to gain a better understanding of the management potential for removing nitrogen in large river systems by increasing connectivity between nitrogen-rich main channel areas and backwater habitats. Nitrogen (N) runoff to receiving streams and rivers, particularly in the form of nitrate-nitrite (NO3NO2-N), ... |
|
| Changes in Ventilatory Threshold at High Altitude: Effect of Antioxidants |
2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew W. Subudhi; Kevin A. Jacobs; Todd A. Hagobian; Jill A. Fattor; Charles S. Fulco; Allen Cymerman; Anne L. Friedlander; COLORADO UNIV AT COLORADO SPRINGS
|
| To investigate the effects of prolonged hypoxia and antioxidant supplementation on ventilatory threshold(VT) during high-altitude(HA) exposure (4300M). Methods: Sixteen physically fit male (25 + 5, 77.8 + 8.5 kg) performed an incremental test to maximal exertion on a cycle ergometer at sea level (SL) |
|
| Hypoxia as a Driving Force for Genetic Instability During Breast Tumorigenesis |
OCT 2005 |
37 pages |
| Authors:
Robert T. Abraham; BURNHAM INST LA JOLLA CA
|
| The overall hypothesis that drives this project is that persistent replication stress generates mutational events in breast epithelial cells that fuel breast cancer (BCa) progression. Our model predicts that a major source of replicative stress in BCa is hypoxia, which stalls active replication forks, and selects for cells that have bypassed this S-phase checkpoint due to mutations in the ATR-hchkl pathway. The specific aims of this project are: (1) to ... |
|
| Potentiation of Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy Using Combined Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Therapies |
OCT 2005 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Bruce M. Fenton; ROCHESTER UNIV NY
|
| The purpose of this phase of the grant was to quantitate response to antiangiogenic and radiation therapy, in terms of changes in tumor vascular function and hypoxia, and to use the pathophysiological findings to optimally schedule combined therapies. Following a variety of treatments, -250 tumors were frozen for immunohistochemical staining and image analysis (and stored for future molecular assays). Methods were developed for colocalized staining of a panel of pericyte ... |
|
| The Role of Erythropoietin Signaling in Human Cancer |
17 AUG 2005 |
104 pages |
| Authors:
Ahmed Mohyeldin; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
| Hypoxia in solid tumors emanates from a structural and functionally disturbed vascular supply. Intratumoral oxygen levels are associated with poor prognosis, treatment resistance and cancer metastases, yet mechanisms for such phenomenon remain poorly understood. The major objective of this dissertation was to test whether or not erythropoietin (Epo), a hypoxia inducible cytokine, plays a role in astrocytoma treatment resistance and progression. The specific aims of this dissertation were to: 1) ... |
|
| Novel Angiogenic Compounds for Targeted Drug Delivery |
13 JUL 2005 |
5 pages |
| Authors:
Kristen A. Wieghaus; Scott M. Capitosti; Milton L. Brown; Edward A. Botchwey; VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| Induction of angiogenesis is necessary for the success of engineered implantable tissues in order to meet oxygen and nutrient requirements of cells during tissue repair. Insufficient vascularization in bone graft reconstruction may impede healing and initiate hypoxic cell death at the interior of the implant. As a result, endogenous growth factors have been studied to enhance angiogenesis during wound repair. However, these peptide-based molecules are highly sensitive to processing that ... |
|
| Evaluation of Deoxygenation as a Corrosion Control Measure for Ballast Tanks |
APR 2005 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Jason S. Lee; RIchard I. Ray; Edward Lemieux; Brenda J. Little; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS
|
| Field experiments designed to evaluate deoxygenation of natural seawater as a corrosion control measure for unprotected seawater ballast tanks demonstrated decreased corrosion in hypoxic (<0.2 ppm O2) seawater using weight loss and linear polarization measurements. The experiments also demonstrated the difficulty of maintaining hypoxic seawater. Using a gas mixture it was possible to displace dissolved oxygen in natural seawater. However, aerobic respiration and corrosion reactions consumed oxygen and produced totally ... |
|
| SDF-1, DC1/DC2, and Tumor Angiogenesis |
APR 2005 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Weuoubg Zou; TULANE UNIV NEW ORLEANS LA
|
| To examine tumor angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, we studied malignant ascites and tumors of patients with untreated ovarian carcinoma. We observed that malignant ascites fluid induced potent in vivo neovascularization in Matrigel assay. We detected sizable amount of VEGF in malignant ascites. However, pathological concentration of VEGF is insufficient to induce in vivo angiogenesis. Ovarian tumors SDF-1/CXCL12 is released into malignant ascites. High concentration of CXCL12, but not the ... |
|
| Endurance Performance of Moderate Altitude Residents During Initial Exposure to 4300 M, With and Without Carbohydrate Supplementation |
30 MAR 2005 |
26 pages |
| Authors:
Charles S. Fulco; Michael Zupan; Tamara Payn; Megan Hannon; Kenneth Kambis; Ellen Glickman; Stephen Muza; Paul B. Rock; Leonard Elliot; Janet Staab; Michael Tapia; Dennis Rufolo; Beth A. Beidleman; Allen Cymerman; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA
|
| This study determined the effect of living at moderate altitude on endurance exercise performance, with and without carbohydrate supplementation (CHOS), during the first 3 days of residence at 4300 m. The experimental trials were conducted in a double-blind manner. Subjects were healthy Air Force Academy (AFA) active duty members (9 men and 6 women; age: 30 +/- 30 yrs; mean +/- SE) who had been living at 1800 to 2200 ... |
|
| A Novel Approach to Monitoring Prostate Tumor Oxygenation: Proton MRI of the Reporter Molecule Hexamethyldisiloxane |
MAR 2005 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Weina Cui; TEXAS UNIV SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL SCHOOL AT DALLAS
|
| Growing evidence from experimental and clinical studies confirms that solid human tumors have foci of hypoxic cells, which have a profound influence on the therapeutic outcome of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A strong argument therefore exists for assessing the hypoxic fraction of tumors prior to patient treatment, and to tailor this treatment accordingly. It has been shown that there is linear relationship between R1 of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and pO2, and ... |
|
| Development and Evaluation of New Products for the Far-Forward Care of Combat Casualties With Acute Lung Injury |
FEB 2005 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Leopoldo C. Cancio; TRUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| To characterize the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by chlorine gas (Cl2). Toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) have recently been identified as potential terrorist weapons. Several TICs act primarily on the respiratory tract, but more work is needed to define the pathophysiology and treatment of these injuries. Anesthetized female sheep (n=35, 42.4kg +/- 5.4 SD) were ventilated with 300 L of a Cl2/air/oxygen mixture over 30 min. Doses were: 0 ... |
|
| Journal of Special Operations Medicine. Volume 5, Edition 1, Winter 2005 |
Jan-2005 |
105 pages |
| Authors:
Frank K Butler; Michelle DuGuay; Wamer J Anderson; JOINT SPECIAL OPERATIONS UNIV HURLBURT FIELD FL
|
| Partial contents: The Military To Military Connection: Combating HIV/AIDS among African Militaries Part II: Bridging the Training Gap with Special Operations Forces, Bad Decisions, Poor Outcomes: A Model to Explain Why Some Threatening Events Become Worse, The Esophageal-Tracheal Combitube: A review of the device and its application in the SOF environment, The Impact of Hypoxia and Hyperventilation on Outcome after Paramedic Rapid Sequence Intubation of Severely Head-Injured Patients, Headaches, Introduction ... |
|
| Residence at Moderate Altitude Improves Ventilatory Response to High Altitude |
DEC 2004 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
S. R. Muza; P. B. Rock; M. F. Zupan; J. C. Miller; W. R. Thomas; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
|
| This study compared the distribution of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and susceptibility to Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) in moderate altitude residents (MAR) and low altitude residents (LAR) following rapid ascent to 4056 m. |
|
| Human Recombinant Factor VIIa is Neuroprotective in a Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Secondary Hypoxemia |
DEC 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
R. A. Bauman; J. B. Long; L. H. Ketchum; V. W. MacDonald; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH SILVER SPRING MD
|
| Factor VII (FVII) circulates in plasma as a zymogen until it is exposed to tissue factor (TF). When bound to TF, activated FVII (FVIIa) initiates the extrinsic coagulation cascade that results in the formation of a polymerized fibrin clot. In the untraumatized brain, TF is physically isolated from FVII. However, traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently results in the disruption of the vascular endothelium and resultant exposure of FVII to subendothelial ... |
|
| Hypoxia as a Driving Force for Genetic Instability During Breast Tumorigenesis |
OCT 2004 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Robert T. Abraham; BURNHAM INST LA JOLLA CA
|
| The overall hypothesis that drives this project is that persistent replication stress generates mutational events in breast epithelial cells that fuel breast cancer (BCa) progression. Our model predicts that a major source of replicative stress in BCa is hypoxia, which stalls active replication forks, and selects for cells that have bypassed the this S-phase checkpoint due to mutations in the ATR-hchkl pathway. The specific aims of this project are: (1) ... |
|
| Pro-Apoptotic Changes in Brain Mitochondria After Toxin Exposure |
OCT 2004 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas J. Sick; MIAMI UNIV FL SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Mitochondria normally function to provide sources of energy for vital cellular functions. However, under stressful conditions these organelles may trigger events that lead eventually to cell death. Thus, mitochondria have been implicated as major contributors to neuronal death in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. In this report we provide evidence that certain mitochondrial toxins cause selective cell death in hippocampal subfield CA1 that has previously been shown to be selectively ... |
|
| Role of Heregulin in the Neovascularization of Breast Carcinoma Cancer |
AUG 2004 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Javier A. Menendez; Ruth Lupu; EVANSTON NORTHWESTERN HEALTHCARE RESEARCH INST IL
|
| Several oncogenese, growth factors, hormones and hypoxia have been shown to up-regulate VEGF, an essential angiogenia factor for the progression of breast carcinomas. The angiogenic factor CYRG1, a ligand for the alphavbeta3 integrin is differentially up-regulated in invasive and metastatic breast cancer cells overexpressing the epidermal growth factor-like growth factor Heregulin (HRG). HRG can regulate breast cancer neovascularization through its ability to activitie the expression and secretion of VEGF. Although ... |
|
| EGF Regulation of VEGF: Role in Progression of ErbB2 Overexpressing Mammary Tumors |
JUL 2004 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Robyn M. Loureiro; Patricia A. D'Amore; SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INST BOSTON MA
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| Progression of breast tumors is dependent on blood vessel infiltration to supply nutrients and remove wastes. Expression of the angiogenic molecule vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical component of normal and pathological tissue vascularization. ErbB2, an epidermal growth factor receptor family member whose overexpression in mammary tumors is correlated with poor patient prognosis, has been previously implicated as a positive modulator of VEGF expression. I utilized a normal ... |
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| Monitoring Cancer Oxygenation Changes Induced by Ultrasound |
JUL 2004 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Daqing Piao; Qing Zhu; CONNECTICUT UNIV STORRS
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| Oxygen has significant impact on cancer treatment. Our hypothesis was: (a) Tumor blood vessels were leaky and therefore acoustic vibration can be used to modulate the leaky vessels and induce oxygenation changes; (b) The oxygenation changes can be detected by optical measurements. Preliminary studies with 5 tumor-bearing rats demonstrate that ultrasonic vibrations can either generate significant effects (early stage tumors) on optical measurements or no effects on optical measurements (late ... |
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| Integrin-Mediated Stimulation of HIF-1alpha and Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer |
JUN 2004 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Arthur M. Mercurio; BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER BOSTON MA
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| The work performed during this grant has verified and extended our initial hypothesis. Specifically, we have established that the alpha-6 beta-1 integrin facilitates the survival of breast carcinoma cells in hypoxia by a mechanism that involves its ability to activate HIF-1 and stimulate the transcription of VEGF. The second major discovery made from the work funded by the proposal is that another alpha-6 integrin, alpha-6 beta-4, contributes to the survival ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
HYPOXIA
