| Sodium Thiosulfate Versus Hydroxocobalamin in the Treatment of Acute, Severe Cyanide Induced Cardiotoxicity in a Swine (Sus Scrofa) Model |
22 Sep 2011 |
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| Authors:
Vikhyat Bebarta; Julio Lairet; Rebecca Pitotti; Patricia Dixon; Sandra Valtier; Anneke Bush; AIR FORCE MEDICAL WING (59TH) WILFORD HALL MEDICAL CENTER LACKLAND AFB TX EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
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 | To compare the return to baseline of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) between 3 groups of swine with acute CN toxicity and treated with HOCOB, ST, or a combination of HOCOB+ST. 36 swine ( 48-52kg) were intubated, anesthetized, instrumented and then poisoned with a continuous CN infusion, until the development of severe hypotension (Time 0-50% of baseline MAP). Animals were randomly assigned to the groups and monitored for 60 min ... |
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| Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease: Evaluation and Management |
JAN 2011 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Rachel U. Lee; Donald D. Stevenson; NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER PORTSMOUTH VA
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 | The clinical syndrome of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a condition where inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) induces attacks of upper and lower airway reactions, including rhinorrhea and varying degrees of bronchospasm and laryngospasm. Although the reaction is not IgEmediated, patients can also present with anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions, including hypotension, after exposure to COX-1 inhibiting drugs. All patients with AERD have underlying nasal polyps and intractable sinus disease which may be ... |
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| Spreading Depressions as Secondary Insults After Traumatic Injury to the Human Brain |
Sep 2010 |
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| Authors:
Jed A Hartings; CINCINNATI UNIV OH
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| This report describes year 2 progress of a multi-center study of neurosurgical TBI patients to determine the effects of spreading depression (SD) on neurologic outcome. In this year, we have initiated our final study site and have enrolled 41 patients, bringing the study total to 61. Electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings were made in patients for an average duration of 70 hours during intensive care, and 6 month clinical outcomes were assessed. ... |
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| Secondary Insults of Traumatic Brain Injury in CCATT Patients Returning from Iraq/Afghanistan: 2001-2006 |
31 Aug 2010 |
139 pages |
| Authors:
Susan F Dukes; MARYLAND UNIV BALTIMORE
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| Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients are highly susceptible to secondary insults to the injured brain (e.g., hypoxia, hypotension, hyperthermia, hypothermia, and hyperglycemia). Patients with secondary insults have been shown to have worse outcomes. Over one-third of the patients transported by Critical Care Air Transport Teams (CCATTs) have had TBIs. Considering CCATT patients travel thousands of miles, pass through multiple hospital systems, and are exposed to the stresses of flight on ... |
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| Summary: Disabled Submarine Heat Stress Conference |
11-Sep-2009 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Wayne G Horn; NAVAL SUBMARINE MEDICAL RESEARCH LAB GROTON CT
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| This document summarizes the Disabled Submarine Heat Stress Conference that was held at the Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, Groton, Connecticut, on 22 June 2004. In the discussion of heat stress measurement, the consensus of the panel was that standard wet globe bulb temperature devices were not needed in DISSUB conditions, since radiation (no solar load) was not a significant factor. In DISSUB conditions only two factors need determination: ambient ... |
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| Mission Connect Mild TBI Translational Research Consortium |
Aug-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas A Kent; James Tour; BAYLOR COLL OF MEDICINE HOUSTON TX
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| This project addresses the treatment of deleterious oxy-radical production following traumatic brain injury using anti-oxidant nanomaterials. Our evidence indicates that traumatic brain injury generates superoxide radical rapidly and persistently, which is exacerbated by systemic hypotension and resuscitation. Conventional anti-oxidant therapy is either not sufficiently potent nor long lasting. Nanomaterials synthesized in our collaborators in the Tour laboratory demonstrated potent anti-oxidant activity in preliminary results. We have developed several assays in ... |
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| Joint Theater Trauma System Implementation of Burn Resuscitation Guidelines Improves Outcomes in Severely Burned Military Casualties |
OCT 2007 |
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| Authors:
Jody L. Ennis; Kevin K. Chung; Evan M. Renz; David J. Barillo; Michael C. Albrecht; John A. Jones; Lorne H. Blackbourne; Leopoldo C. Cancio; Brian J. Eastridge; Steven F. Flaherty; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
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| Between March 2003-June 2007, our burn center received 594 casualties from Iraq and Afghanistan. Ongoing acute burn resuscitation as severely burned casualties are evacuated is very challenging. To help standardize care, burn resuscitation guidelines (BRG) were devised along with a burn flow sheet (BFS) and disseminated via the new operational Joint Theater Trauma System (JTTS) to assist deployed providers. After the BRG was implemented in January 2006, BRF data were ... |
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| Damage Control Resuscitation: A New Paradigm for Fluid Resuscitation of Severely Injured Soldiers |
01-Nov-2006 |
9 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A Dubick; Jill L Sondeen; Bijan S Kheirabadi; Angel V Delgado; John B Holcomb; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX
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| Recent studies have demonstrated that bleeding disorders are common in the most severely injured trauma patients on admission to the hospital, highlighting the importance of treating this coagulopathy at the earliest stage possible. The concept of damage control resuscitation, which includes hypotensive and hemostatic resuscitation components, was introduced as a new approach to treat these patients at the highest risk of dying. Research studies are being conducted in both experimental ... |
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| Hypohydration and Prior Heat Stress Exacerbates Decreases in Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity During Standing |
17 AUG 2006 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Robert Carter III; Samuel N. Cheuvront; Carrie R. Vernieuw; Michael N. Sawka; ARMY RESEARCH INST OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE NATICK MA THERMAL AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE DIVISION
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| Hypohydration and prior heat stress exacerbates decreases in cerebral blood flow velocity during standing. J Appl Physiolo 101: 1744-1750, 2006. Hypohydration is associated with orthostatic intolerance; however, little is known about cerebrovascular mechanisms responsible. This study examined whether hypohydration reduces cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in response to an orthostatic challenge. |
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| The Effect of Hypotensive Resuscitation and Fluid Type on Mortality, Bleeding, Coagulation, & Dysfunctional Inflammation in a Swine Grade V Liver Injury Model |
JAN 2006 |
22 pages |
| Authors:
Martin Schreiber; OREGON HEALTH SCIENCES UNIV PORTLAND
|
| Exsanguination is the leading cause of death on the battlefield. Lifesaving interventions include arresting hemorrhage and initiating resuscitation. The ideal resuscitation of combat casualties has not been determined. Delaying resuscitation has been shown to be beneficial in some settings and anesthetics utilized can have a profound effect on the resuscitation. The goal of this proposal is to determine the ideal resuscitation regimen of swine undergoing a Grade V liver injury ... |
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| Development and Evaluation of New Products for the Far-Forward Care of Combat Casualties With Acute Lung Injury |
FEB 2005 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Leopoldo C. Cancio; TRUE RESEARCH FOUNDATION SAN ANTONIO TX
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| To characterize the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by chlorine gas (Cl2). Toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) have recently been identified as potential terrorist weapons. Several TICs act primarily on the respiratory tract, but more work is needed to define the pathophysiology and treatment of these injuries. Anesthetized female sheep (n=35, 42.4kg +/- 5.4 SD) were ventilated with 300 L of a Cl2/air/oxygen mixture over 30 min. Doses were: 0 ... |
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| The Effect of Hypotensive Resuscitation and Fluid Type on Mortality, Bleeding, Coagulation and Dysfunction Inflammation in a Swine Grade V Liver Injury Model |
JAN 2005 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Martin A. Schreiber; OREGON HEALTH SCIENCES UNIV PORTLAND
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| To determine the optimal fluid resuscitation after uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in a Grade V liver injury model in swine. |
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| Hypotensive Resuscitation of Casualties in the Far-Forward Combat Environment: Effects of Select Crystalloids and Colloids on Signal Transduction Mediators in a Swine Model of Severe Hemorrhage |
DEC 2004 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. Dubick; David G. Cameron; Jill L. Sondeen; Adhip P. Majumdar; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAMHOUSTON TX
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| Hemorrhage remains a major cause of death on the battlefield in conventional warfare (Bellamy. 1984). Current dogma dictates that early, adequate fluid resuscitation is crucial to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with hemorrhagic shock. Yet, despite much research in the field and years of resuscitating thousands of patients, the optimal fluid and resuscitation strategy for the treatment of hemorrhagic hypovolemia remains unknown. However, with future combat strategies focused around ... |
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| A Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrier, Bovine Polymerized Hemoglobin (HBOC-201) versus Hetastarch (HEX) in an Uncontrolled Liver Injury Hemorrhagic Shock Swine Model with Delayed Evacuation |
OCT 2004 |
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| Authors:
Jennifer Gurney; Nora Philbin; Jennifer Rice; Francoise Arnaud; Feng Dong; Meghan Wulster-Radcliffe; Bruce Pearce; Lewis Kaplan; Richard McCarron; Daniel Freilich; NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
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| As HBOC-201 improves outcome in animals with hemorrhagic shock (HS), we compared HBOC-201 and HEX (used by U.S. military special operations forces) in a swine model of delayed evacuation and uncontrolled HS. Twenty-four Yucatan pigs underwent a grade III liver injury and were resuscitated with HBOC-201, HEX, or no fluid (NON). Additional infusions were given for hypotension or tachycardia. After 4 hours, the liver was repaired; IV fluids and blood ... |
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| Permissive Hypotension Strategies for the Far-Forward Fluid Resuscitation of Significant Hemorrhage |
01 SEP 2004 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. Dubick; James L. Atkins; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| Acute hemorrhage accounts for about 50% of the deaths on the battlefield in conventional warfare. In addition, hemorrhage is the primary cause of death in 30% of injured soldiers who die from wounds. With future combat strategies focused around the Objective Force Warrior, greater dispersal of troops and fighting in urban settings and on non-linear battlefields, the likelihood of longer evacuation times for combat casualties is suggested. As a consequence ... |
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| Hemostasis and Coagulation Following Uncontrolled Hemorrhage and Resuscitation with Polymerized Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrier (HBOC-201) in Swine |
01 SEP 2004 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER SILVER SPRING MD
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| Staphylococcal Enterotoxins, Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-I, and Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxins: Some Basic Biology of Bacterial Superantigens |
2003 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
Teresa Krakauer; Bradley G. Stiles; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are facultative gram-positive cocci that play an important role in a myriad of human illnesses, including food poisoning, skin infections, pharyngitis, life threatening shock, and autoimmune disorders like arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. These ubiquitous bacteria produce various virulence factors that include superantigens like staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), toxic shock syndrome toxin-i (TSST-1), and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE). To date, the continually expanding literature describes 15 ... |
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| A Bionic Approach to Cardiovascular Regulation: Bionic Arterial Baroreflex System |
25 OCT 2001 |
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| Authors:
M. Sugimachi; T. Sato; T. Kawada; M. Inagaki; K. Sunagawa; NATIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR CENTER RESEARCHINST SUITA (JAPAN) DEPT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DYNAMICS
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| A bionic system is an artificial device, integrated into natural human physiology by communicating with native regulatory system. This can functionally operate as if it were a part of the body. Bionic systems can be realized only with the knowledge of detailed characteristics of native system. We made use of white-noise approach" and have succeeded in functionally identifying the native arterial baroreflex. Using thus identified characteristics, we developed a bionic ... |
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| Autonomic Dysfunction in Gulf War Veterans |
FEB 2001 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Antonic Sastre; MIDWEST RESEARCH INST KANSAS CITY MO
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| Gulf War Illness (GWI) is one of many post-war syndromes with different ostensible origins. Several investigators have pointed out that GWI symptoms are similar to the symptoms of such disorders as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), fibromyalgia, and neutrally mediated hypotension (NMH), all of which are thought to arise from disorders of the autonomic nervous system. This project tests the hypothesis that autonomically-mediated GWI is not synonymous ... |
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| Superoxide and Nitric Oxide Mechanisms in Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Hypotension |
DEC 1999 |
191 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas S. DeWitt; TEXAS UNIV MEDICAL BRANCH AT GALVESTON
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| Traumatic brain injury (TBI) renders the brain vulnerable to secondary ischemia and poor outcome after TBI. The goal of this project was to understand the causes of neurological injury due to TBI and hypotension and to use this information to develop treatment strategies to reduce the morbidity of these combined insults. We reported that posttraumatic hypoperfusion can be prevented using L-arginine but that nitric oxide ... |
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| Cardiovascular Control of and Responses to Vasoconstrictor Hormones During Hypoxia |
DEC 1999 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
John R. Claybaugh; TRIPLER ARMY MEDICAL CENTER HI
|
| These studies addressed the role of certain factors on the ability to maintain blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO) and O2 delivery (O(2)del) during hemorrhage in the conscious goat. We studied the effects of oxygen content of inspired air, the presence of the spleen, roles of arginine vasopressin (AVP), the renin- angiotensin system, and the presence of estrogen. We observed that a controlled hemorrhage at 0.5 ... |
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| Superoxide and Nitric Oxide Mechanisms in Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Hypotension |
DEC 1998 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Douglas S. DeWitt; TEXAS UNIV MEDICAL BRANCH AT GALVESTON
|
| Traumatic brain injury (TB I) reduces cerebral blood flow (CBF) and renders the brain vulnerable to secondary ischemia. Hypotension contributes to poor Outcome after TBI in humans. We have prevented hypoperfusion and restored autoregulation after TBI. The goals of this project are to determine whether treatment based on our observations will prevent CBF reductions, brain edema andhistological damage after TBI and hemorrhagic hypotension and to understand the mechanisms that contribute ... |
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| Female Exposure to High G: Chronic Adaptations of Cardiovascular Functions |
SEP 1998 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Victor A. Convertino; Lloyd D. Tripp; David A. Ludwig; Juano Duff; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB BROOKS AFB TX HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS DIRECTORATE
|
| Exposure to microgravity is associated with increased leg venous compliance and reductions in cardiac output, baroreflex functions, and tolerance to orthostatism. However, the effects of chronic exposure to high-G environments are unknown. In addition, there is evidence that females have lower orthostatic tolerance than males, although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that high-G training will enhance baroreflex and orthostatic functions and that ... |
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| Multidiscipline Approach to Understanding of Traumatic Brain Injury and the Evaluation of Drugs to Enhance Neurological Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury |
MAY 1998 |
191 pages |
| Authors:
Micahel E. Carey; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV NEW ORLEANS
|
| Head wounds account for almost half of combat deaths and in peacetime traumatic brain injury costs the U.S. Military more than 60M dollars/year. We used the piston impact injury model to produce focal, cortical brain trauma in the anesthetized rat to gain insights into brain injury mechanisms and treatment strategies to help brain injured soldiers. Widespread axonal damage occurred throughout the brain from the focal injury. Neurons ... |
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| Cardiorespiratory and Performance Responses to Sustained Pressure Breathing |
JUL 1997 |
74 pages |
| Authors:
Bryant W. Stolp; Guy de L. Dear; Natalie Lew; Katrun Berbett; K. P. Fritz; SOUTHEASTERN CENTER FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION INC ST CLOUD FL
|
| Positive pressure breathing (PPB) is used to provide pilot life support during cockpit depressurization at altitudes at which the ambient pressure is insufficiently high to maintain adequate oxygen tension even when breathing 100% 02. Although pulmonary barotrauma and hypotension can usually be prevented by an external chest counterpressure jerking and a G-suit, involuntary hyperpnea, presumably caused by activation of an upper airway stretch receptor, can limit pilot performance, This phenomenon ... |
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| Cerebral Neurochemical Mechanisms in Stress and Anxiety |
30 SEP 96 |
21 pages |
| Authors:
Adrian J. Dunn; Arthur H. Swiergiel; LOUISIANA STATE UNIV IN SHREVEPORT SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| Cerebral noradrenergic systems and their interactions with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in stress-related responses were studied. (1) Microdialysis studies indicated that hypotension and footshock increased release of hypothalamic and cortical norepinephrine (NE). (2) A new voltammetric probe was designed to provide voltammetric data that a hypotensive agent, sodium nitroprusside, increases cortical NE secretion. (3) CRF infused into the locus coeruleus (LC) but not into surrounding structures, such as the parabrachial nucleus, ... |
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| Presynaptic Neurotoxins: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Immunology and Other Exploratory Studies |
JUN 96 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
Ivan I. Kaiser; WYOMING UNIV LARAMIE
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| Multiple approaches employing the tools of biochemistry, immunology, molecular biology, microscopy, and pharmacology have been used to gain greater insight into phospholipase A2 (PLA2) structure, function, and solution properties. Protein sequencing has enabled us to identify suspected residues and molecular domains of PLA2s, expressing neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, hemorrhage, hypotension, and dimerization; and DNA sequencing of both cDNAs and genomic DNA has provided us with a better understanding of genomic structure, possible ... |
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| Pathogenesis of Septic Acute Lung Injury and Strategies for Immuno- Pharmacological Therapy |
30 MAY 95 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Harvey J. Sugerman; Alpha A. Fowler III; VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV RICHMOND
|
| During the report period, we studied sepsis-associated acute lung injury using a porcine model. In multiple protocols we found that deletion of certain proinflammatory mediators or disruption of neutrophil - endothelial cellular adhesion molecules effectively attenuate lung injury. Pentoxifylline exerts significant beneficial effects on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics1 however, if administration is delayed until established septic shock, the agent may exacerbate systemic hypotension. A synthetic lipid A analog, B464, provided ... |
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| The Pulmonary Effect of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Following Endotoxemia in a Swine Model |
DEC 1994 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Hiroshi Ogura; Patrick J. Offner; Datzo Saitoh; Bryan S. Jordan; Avery A. Johnson; ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAMHOUSTON TX
|
| Sepsis results in a systemic inflammatory response that is mediated by various cytokines and activated leukocytes. Systemic vasodilation and hypotension characteristic of sepsis have been hypothesized to occur secondarily to endogenous overproduction of nitric oxide (NO). In contrast to the systemic vasodilatory response, pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary arterial hypertension caused by the release of potent vasoconstrictors usually occurs. Despite this pulmonary vasoconstrictive response, we and others have found that hypoxic ... |
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| Role of No in the Regulation of Systemic and Renal Hemodynamics Following Hemorrhagic Shock in the Rate |
30 JUN 1994 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
W. Lieberthal; A. Thompson; C. R. Valeri; BOSTON UNIV MA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
| The systemic and renal hemodynamic responses to NO inhibit ion with L-NAME were compared in both normotensive, normovolemic rats and in rats following acute hemorrhagic hypotension. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) increased in normovolemic as well as in hemorrhaged, hypotensive rats. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) also increased in both groups but the increase was greater in normotensive rats (104 +/- 11%) than hypotensive rats (64 ... |
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| Glycyl-L-Glutamine: A Dipeptide Neurotransmitter Derived from Beta- Endorphin |
31 MAR 94 |
28 pages |
| Authors:
William R. Millington; MISSOURI UNIV-KANSAS CITY
|
| Glycyl-L-glutamine (Gly-L-Gln) is a dipeptide synthesized post- translationally from beta-endorphin. Gly-L-Gln is a major product of beta- endorphin processing in the brainstem, pituitary and several peripheral tissues, but little is known about its physiological function. The long term objective of this research is to characterize Gly-L-Gln's biological activities and test the feasibility of developing pharmacologic agents that mimic or antagonize its effects. This research has achieved five objectives: (1) Demonstrated ... |
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| Reversal of Saxitoxin (STX) and Tetrodotoxin (TTX) Induced Cardio-Respiratory Failure with 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP). |
13 MAY 1993 |
|
| Authors:
F. C. Chang; R. M. Bauer; B. J. Benton; E. L. Moore; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Reversal of STX and TTX induced cardio-respiratory failure with 4-AP was studied in urethane-anesthetized guinea pigs instrumented for the recordings of medullary respiratory activities, diaphragm EMG, ECoG, ECG, blood pressure, end-tidal CO(2), and arterial O(2)/CO2/pH. The toxin (STX or TTX) was infused at a dose rate of 0.3 ug/kg/min (i.v.) to produce a state of cardio-respiratory depression. Animals were maintained with artificial ventilation when the magnitude of diaphragm activity was ... |
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| Effect of 3,4 Diaminopyridine on Saxitoxin- and Tetrodotoxin-Induced Cardiorespiratory Depression. |
13 MAY 1993 |
|
| Authors:
R. M. Bauer; B. J. Benton; E. L. Moore; F. C. Chang; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| The effect of 3,4 diaminopyridine (3,4 DAP) on saxitoxin (STX) - and tetrodotoxin (TTX)-induced cardiorespiratory depression was examined in anesthetized guinea pigs which were instrumented to record medullary respiratory neuronal activity, arterial pressure, ECG, ECoG, diaphragm EMG (DEMG), end-tidal CO(2) and arterial pH, Co(2) and O(2). Infusion of STX or TTX (0.3 ug/kg/min, IV) elicited progressive vascular hypotension, bradycardia and bradypnea leading to complete inhibition of DEMG activity. Artificial ventilation ... |
|
| Cholinergic Aspects of Cyanide Intoxication. |
13 MAY 1993 |
|
| Authors:
J. D. Von Bredow; J. A. Vick; WALTER REED ARMY INST OF RESEARCH WASHINGTON DC DIV OF EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUT ICS
|
| The acute exposure of pentobarbital anesthetized dogs to cyanide leads to a rapid increase and sudden halt in respiration accompanied by cardiovascular irregularities and extreme bradycardia which ultimately lead to cardiac arrest and death. Cardiac irregularities and cardiac arrest in the presence of cyanide induced respiratory arrest are assumed to be due to anoxia and therefore unresponsive to cardiotonic agents. Pretreatment or treatment with atropine sulfate or methyl atropine nitrate ... |
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| Further Evaluation of the Effects of 7.5% NaCl/6% Dextran-70 (HSD) administration on Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation in Hemorrhaged and Euvolemic Swine |
13 APR 93 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
M. A. Dubick; A. F. Kilani; J. J. Summary; J. Y. Greene; C. E. Wade; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| In previous studies, we determined that incubation of high concentrations of the 7.5 percent saline (HS) component of HSD with human blood, in vitro, significantly prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and reduced platelet aggregation. Considering the rapid plasma volume expansion which follows HSD infusion, the present study tested the hypothesis that any HS-induced effects on coagulation would have no clinical significance when HSD is infused for the treatment of hemorrhagic hypotension. ... |
|
| Computer-Assisted Determination of Minimum Energy Conformations. Vol 8. Structure Cardiovascular Activity of Detomidine Analogues |
MAR 93 |
|
| Authors:
William P. Ashman; Brian S. Meehan; EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| A series of detomidine-like arylalkyl imidazoles and compounds known to be agonists at the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor are studied to identify structural, electrostatic, and physicochemical parameters related to various cardiovascular (tachycardia, hypotension, bradycardia, mean arterial pressure) activities. Semi-empirical PM3 quantum chemical calculations determined the lowest energy conformations and electrostatic parameters of each compound. A molecular modeling analysis for compound/proposed adrenoceptor pharmacophore interaction provided additional features for analysis. Multiple regression ... |
|
| A Review of the Efficacy of 7.5% NaCl/6% Dextran-70 (HSD) in Experimental Animals and Humans |
JAN 93 |
31 pages |
| Authors:
M. A. Dubick; C. E. Wade; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| Recent years have seen a renewed interest in the use of hypertonic- hyperoncotic solutions as plasma volume expanders for the treatment of hemorrhagic hypotension. In particular, a number of studies in experimental animals have addressed the efficacy and safety of small volume infusions of 7.5% NaCl/6% Dextran-70 (HSD). Employing models of fixed volume or fixed pressure hemorrhage, HSD has improved survival, and reversed many of the hemodynamic, hormonal, and metabolic ... |
|
| Beta-Endorphin-Induced Cardiorespiratory Depression is Inhibited by Glycyl-L-Glutamine, a Dipeptide Derived from Beta-Endorphin Processing. Appendix 1 |
93 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
C. B. Unal; Medge D. Owen-Kummer; William R. Millington; MISSOURI UNIV-KANSAS CITY
|
| Glycyl-L-glutamine (beta-endorphin-(30-31)) is synthesized through the post-translational processing of beta-endorphin-(1-31). Evidence that glycyl-L-glutamine is a prominent end-product of beta endorphin-(1-31) processing in cardioregulatory regions of rat brain prompted us to investigate whether it modulates the cardiorespiratory depression induced by central beta- endorphin-(1-31) injection. As shown previously, beta-endorphin-(1-31) (0.5 nmol) lowered mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate when administered i.c. v. to pentobarbital anesthetized rats. Glycyl-L-glutamine (.3, 0.6, 1.0, and ... |
|
| Acute T-2 Intoxication: Physiologic Consequences and New Therapeutic Approaches |
30 DEC 92 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Giora Z. Feuerstein; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
|
| The objectives of this contract were two: (1) to study the physiologic consequences of acute intoxication with T-2 mycotoxin; (2) to develop therapeutic modalities to reduce morbidity and mortality from severe T-2 toxin exposure. |
|
| Computer-Assisted Determination of Minimum Energy Conformations. 7. A pharmacophore Model of the Active Region of the Alpha2-Adrenoceptor |
SEP 92 |
42 pages |
| Authors:
William P. Ashman; A. P. Mickiewicz; Todd M. Nelson; CHEMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Molecular modeling and computational chemistry techniques are used to analyze compounds in developing pharmacophores of biological receptors to use as templates in structure activity relationship studies and to design new chemicals having physiological activity of interest. In this study, the results of x-ray crystal analyses and PM3 semi-empirical molecular orbital conformational analyses are used to determine the three-dimensional representations of selected adrenergic compounds known to be agonists with the alpha2-adrenoceptor ... |
|
| Effects of Hypoxia on the Vasopressin Response to Hemorrhage and its Role in Maintenance of Blood Pressure |
30 AUG 92 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
John R. Claybaugh; TRIPLER ARMY MEDICAL CENTER HI
|
| The research, conducted in conscious female goats, demonstrates for the first time that maintenance of blood pressure during hemorrhage is greatly compromised during conditions of hypoxia. This earlier reduction in blood pressure leads to an earlier increase in plasma levels of vasopressin but not plasma renin activity. Although these data would suggest a decrease in the baroreceptor-mediated renin release, subsequent experiments employing acute reductions in blood pressure by administration of ... |
|
| Hematological Effects of 7.5% NaC1/6% Dextran-70 (HSD) in Rabbits and Pigs |
JUN 92 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Michael A. Dubick; James J. Summary; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
|
| The present study furthers our evaluation of the hematological effects of 7.5% NaC1/6% Dextran (IISD). Blood was obtained from both euvolemic and hemorrhaged rabbits and pigs at times up to 7 d after infusion of 4 ml/kg HSD. Complete blood counts and platelet concentrations were determined, and qualitative red blood cell (RBC) morphology was evaluated. In both species changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC, and platelet concentrations reflected the degree of ... |
|
| Possible Involvement of Endogenous Beta-Endorphin in the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Pichinde Virus-Infected Guinea Pigs |
Jan-1992 |
6 pages |
| Authors:
C T Liu; Z M Guo; C J Peters; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES FORT DETRICK MD
|
| Previously, we demonstrated that naloxone, an opiate antagonist, prolonged survival of strain 13 guinea pigs infected with Pichinde virus. Thus, endogenous opiates may be involved in the pathogenesis of this viral disease. To determine whether endogenous opiate levels were affected by Pichinde viral infection, Beta-endorphin concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of normal and infected strain 13 guinea pigs were measured by radioimmunoassay. Cerebrospinal fluid Beta-endorphin concentrations were 78.0 ... |
|
| Hepatic Function in Hemorrhagic Shock |
15 NOV 91 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
William R. Drucker; Frederick J. Pearce; HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION ROCKVILLE MD
|
| For the wounded soldier in combat, the time between his injury and treatment can be quite long and variable depending on the combat circumstance. The duration and severity of this hypotensive period are critical factors in determining his responsiveness to resuscitative efforts when aid does arrive. Due to the venous nature of the bulk of its blood flow, the liver is particularly susceptible to decreases in its blood flow and ... |
|
| Nitric Oxide Inhibition in the Rat Improves Blood Pressure and Renal Function During Hypovolemic Shock |
09 JUL 1991 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
Wilfred Lieberthal; Amy E. McGarry; James Sheils; C. R. Valeri; NAVAL BLOOD RESEARCH LAB BOSTON MA
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| We have examined the systemic and renal hemodynamic effects of nitric oxide (NO) inhibition with NG-monomethyl-arginine (L-NMMA) in normotensive rats as well as in rats with hypovolemic shock induced by hemorrhage. |
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| Effects of Aminoguanidine on Pre- and Post-Irradiation Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, Systemic Blood Pressure and Plasma Histamine Levels in the Primate, |
1991 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
L. G. Cockerham; G. D. Prell; T. J. Cerveny; M. O'Brien; J. D. Hampton; ARMED FORCES RADIOBIOLOGY RESEARCH INST BETHESDA MD
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| Exposure to ionizing radiation causes hypotension cerebral ischemia and release of histamine (HA). To investigate the relationship among these three responses, rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) received aminoguanidine (AG) (1 mg/ kg), then were given either 50 Gy whole-body irradiation or sham-irradiation. Monkeys receiving AG had lower mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) than saline- treated controls. Compared to controls, rCBF was lower in irradiated monkeys but pre-treatment with AG did not ... |
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| Acute Effects of a Single Dose of Soman on Baroreflex Function and Neurohumoral Factors in Conscious Baboons |
AUG 90 |
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| Authors:
Robert E. Shade; Vernon S. Bishop; Joseph R. Haywood; James L. Lemons; Judith J. Greenamyer; GEORGIA TECH RESEARCH INST ATLANTA
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| The effects of a low dose (2.0 micros g/kg) exposure to som an on baroreflex function were investigated in male baboons. The experimental procedure consisted of performing a vehicle infusion experiment followed by the soman exposure experiment 7 days later. There were no significant effects of soman exposure at any time point of observation on plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, or renin activity. Both soman and vehicle experiments were associated with a ... |
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| Neuroendocrine Responses to Hypertonic Saline/Dextran Resuscitation |
APR 90 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
C. E. Wade; J. P. Hannon; J. A. Loveday; R. I. Coppes Jr.; V. L. Gildengorin; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| The neuroendocrine responses to resuscitation with 7.5% hypertonic saline/6% Dextran-70 (HSD) following hemorrhagic hypotension were evaluated in conscious swine. Following hemorrhage, animals received 4 milliliters per kilogram of HSD (n=6) or 0.9% saline (n=8). Administration of normal saline did not alter cardiovascular function nor attenuate an increase in hormones, HSD rapidly improved cardiovascular function and acutely decreased ACTH, PRA (Plasma Renin Activity), cortisol, norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), aldosterone and lysine ... |
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| Circulatory Shock. Volume 27, Number 4, 1989 |
01 FEB 90 |
159 pages |
| Authors:
Irshad H. Chaudry; MEDICAL COLL OF GEORGIA AUGUSTA
|
| Partial Contents: Trends in Shock Research; Significance of Lipid Mediators in Shock States; Thermal Skin Injury: I. Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Fluid Resuscitation With Lactated Ringer's, Plasma, and Hypertonic Saline (2,400 mosmol/l) in the Rat; Thermal Skin Injury: II. Effects on Edema Formation and Albumin Extravasation of Fluid Resuscitation With Lactated Ringer's, Plasma, and Hypertonic Saline (2,400 mosmol/l) in the Rat; Effect of Hemorrhagic Hypotension on Endotoxin-Induced Lung Injury in ... |
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| Hemorrhage and Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine: A Review |
NOV 89 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
John P. Hannon; LETTERMAN ARMY INST OF RESEARCH PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO CA
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| A review of the literature shows that porcine models have been used extensively over the past 20 years to study the effects of hemorrhagic hypotension and shock. In pigs, as in humans, hemorrhage causes a decrease in cardiac output, a primary defect that often leads to a cascade of secondary dysfunctions which are life-threatening. Reduced arterial O2 delivery to body tissues, a major secondary effect, often leads to anaerobic glycolysis ... |
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