| Resource Conflicts: Emerging Struggles over Strategic Commodities in Latin America. Phase 2 |
Oct 2012 |
62 pages |
| Authors:
Maiah Jaskoski; NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA CENTER ON CONTEMPORARY CONFLICT
|
 | The efficiency and success of U.S. security initiatives in Latin America requires a thorough understanding of resource conflict and the state s role in managing it. International investments in mining and hydrocarbons in the Central Andes could potentially affect U.S. economic influence in those countries and have real implications for U.S. security presence relative to other world powers. Resource conflict makes it hard for the U.S. government to monitor extraction ... |
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| DARPA Perspectives on Multifunctional Materials/Power and Energy |
09 Aug 2012 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Brian Holloway; DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY ARLINGTON VA DEFENSE SCIENCES OFFICE
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| Epigenetic Programming of Breast Cancer and Nutrition Prevention |
May 2012 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Donato F Romagnolo; Ornella Selmin; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON
|
| The purpose of this project is to investigate whether epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to reduced expression of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA-1 in sporadic breast cancers. The scope is to test the role of xenobiotics and food compounds that bind the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR-ligands include the dioxin-like and tumor promoter 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The activated AhR regulates transcription through binding to xenobiotic response elements (XRE=GCGTG) and interactions with ... |
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| Development of a Surrogate STANAG 4240 Fire Exposure |
May 2012 |
94 pages |
| Authors:
Pauline M Smith; William H Ruppert; Christopher L Mealy; Joshua B Dinaburg; Jason E Floyd; Daniel P Verdonik; Patrick Taylor; Noah Lieb; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD WEAPONS AND MATERIALS RESEARCH DIRECTORATE
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| All ordnance systems must be classified for hazards that are often coupled with insensitive munitions in order to lower development costs and ensure that the ordnance performs as intended, but are less prone to violent reaction when subjected to external hazards. Traditionally, large-scale liquid hydrocarbon pool fire, often referred to as the fast-cook-off test, raises the ordnance temperature very quickly and evaluates how it reacts when engulfed in fire. Currently, ... |
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| Microwave Hydrogen Production from Methane |
Apr 2012 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jodie Crandell; TECHNIKON LLC
|
| The Renewable Energy Testing Center (RETC) focuses on testing and validating renewable energy technologies related to biomass feedstock, with a particular focus on biofuels for transportation. The Renewable Energy Testing Center program also focuses on supporting relevant and emerging renewable energy technologies in the cellulosic waste, biomass-to-energy, and fuel conversion areas in support of the Department of Defense s (DOD) need for compliance with Executive Order 13423 which has set ... |
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| Computationally Efficient Modeling of Hydrocarbon Oxidation Chemistry and Flames Using Constituents and Species |
10 Feb 2012 |
98 pages |
| Authors:
Josette Bellan; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA OFFICE OF SPONSORED RESEARCH
|
| This report describes a study performed under ARO sponsorship, addressing the investigation of a novel way to reduce complex and extensive oxidation reaction mechanisms for fuel mixtures containing hundreds of species to a much smaller number of progress variables, typically by a factor of ten. The study has also been extended to computing laminar flames. Because the results have been documented in several papers published in the refereed literature and ... |
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| Promoting International Energy Security: Volume 4, The Gulf of Guinea |
Jan 2012 |
72 pages |
| Authors:
Stuart E Johnson; Caroline Baxter; James T Bartis; Duncan Long; RAND PROJECT AIR FORCE SANTA MONICA CA
|
| Nigeria and its neighbors in the Gulf of Guinea are important sources of petroleum for the Atlantic Basin (Figure 1.1). In 2010, production was about 3.1 million barrels per day (bpd), the bulk of which was exported (Energy Information Administration [EIA], 2011). This amount is 3.5 percent of the global output of liquid fuels. Proven reserves of crude oil in this region represent 3.3 percent of the global total. With ... |
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| General, Unified, Multiscale Modeling to Predict the Sensitivity of Energetic Materials |
05 Oct 2011 |
269 pages |
| Authors:
Donald L Thompson; Thomas D Sewell; Donald Brenner; Steven J Stuart; Tahir Cagin; MISSOURI UNIV-COLUMBIA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
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| This report describes the accomplishments for the MURI grant General, Unified, Multiscale Modeling to Predict the Sensitivity of Energetic Materials (Grant No. 48101-EG-MUR). This was a comprehensive theoretical/computational research program to develop, validate, benchmark, and apply methods and models to provide predictive capabilities for energetic materials. The thrust of the work was the development of atomic-level models and ab initio quantum chemistry methods that are generally applicable to the chemical ... |
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| Interaction of Chemical Agents with Nanoscale Molecular Junctions |
AUG 2011 |
43 pages |
| Authors:
SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORP (SAIC) ABINGDON MD
|
| This report describes research from an SAIC contract with the Defense Threat Reduction Agency to support efforts under the Chemical and Biological Defense Initiative Fund (CBDIF). This research program examined the interaction of various chemical agents with molecular junctions and the electronic effects observed on charge transport through nanoscale metamolecule- metal-devices. We utilized a magnetic self-assembly technique to fabricate in parallel molecular junctions which incorporated a variety of organic self-assembled ... |
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| ALREST High Fidelity Modeling Program Approach |
18 May 2011 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Edward D Lynch; Brian Lariviere; Douglas G Talley; Suresh Menon; PRATT AND WHITNEY ROCKETDYNE CANOGA PARK CA
|
| The U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is working with Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne (PWR) to develop improved computational tools to predict better combustion stability of hydrocarbon-fueled liquid rocket engines. The Advanced Liquid Rocket Engine Stability Technology -High Fidelity Model (ALREST-HFM) code will be designed to improve the prediction of combustion instability using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne has assembled a team that includes Professor Suresh Menon ... |
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| Drop-in Jet and Diesel Fuels from Renewable Oils |
11 May 2011 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC ALBUQUERQUE NM
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| Epigenetic Programming of Breast Cancer and Nutrition Prevention |
MAY 2011 |
20 pages |
| Authors:
Donato Romagnolo; ARIZONA UNIV TUCSON
|
| The purpose of this project is to investigate whether epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to reduced expression of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA-1 in sporadic breast cancers. The scope is to test the role of xenobiotics and food compounds that bind the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR-ligands include the dioxin-like and tumor promoter 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The activated AhR regulates transcription through binding to xenobiotic response elements (XRE=GCGTG) and interactions with ... |
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| Acute and Short-Term Inhalation Toxicity Study of FT Fuel |
Feb 2011 |
130 pages |
| Authors:
David R Mattie; Teresa R Sterner; Brian A Wong; Darol E Dodd; Paul W Ross; Elizabeth A Gross; Pu Gao; Sheela Sharma; Xiao-Juan Wang; Mark A Sochaski; Gabriella A Wilson; Dean J Wagner; THE HAMMER INSTITUTES FOR HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC
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| FT (or S-8) jet fuel is a synthetic organic mixture produced using the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process that transforms natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons. Studies are being conducted to thoroughly evaluate the toxicity of FT jet fuel. First, an acute inhalation toxicity limit test was conducted; FT jet fuel with additives was administered via inhalation exposure to rats once for 4 hours at the maximum specified concentration (2000 mg/m3). No lethality ... |
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| Kinetic Effects of Non-Equilibrium Plasma on Partially Premixed Flame Extinction |
Jan 2011 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Wenting Sun; Mruthunjaya Uddi; Sang H Won; Yiguang Ju; Timothy Ombrello; Campbell Carter; PRINCETON UNIV NJ
|
| A new plasma assisted combustion system was developed by integrating a counterflow burner with nano-second pulsed non-equilibrium discharge. The kinetic effects of plasma assisted fuel oxidization on the extinction of partially premixed methane flames was studied at 60 Torr by blending 2% CH4 into the oxidizer stream. The non-equilibrium discharge accelerated dramatically the fuel oxidation. The O production and the products of plasma assisted fuel oxidation were measured, respectively, by ... |
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| A Portable Thermoelectric Power Generator Based on a Microfabricated Silicon Combustor with Low Resistance to Flow |
14 DEC 2010 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
C. H. Marton; G. S. Haldeman; K. F. Jensen; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH LEXINGTON LINCOLN LAB
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| A portable-scale thermoelectric power generator was designed, fabricated, and tested. The basis of the system is a mesoscale silicon reactor for the combustion of butane over an alumina-supported platinum catalyst. The system is integrated with commercial bismuth telluride thermoelectric modules to produce 5.8 W of electrical power with a chemical-to-electrical conversion efficiency of 2.5% (based on LHV). The energy and power densities of the demonstrated system are 321 W h ... |
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| Jet Fuel Production from TAG and FAME |
DEC 2010 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Benjamin G. Oster; NORTH DAKOTA UNIV GRAND FORKS
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| The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) and its partners have developed thermocatalytic technologies to produce a 100% renewable fuel from crop oil-derived triglyceride (TAG) feedstock that meets the critical military specification requirements of JP-8 as demonstrated by analysis conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The EERC process has demonstrated the ability to convert many types of crop oil TAG into hydrocarbon products. This project utilized the EERC ... |
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| Experimental Study of the Oxidation, Ignition, and Soot Formation Characteristics of Jet Fuel |
29 SEP 2010 |
61 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew Oehlschlaeger; RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST TROY NY DEPT OF MECHANICAL AEROSPACE AND NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
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| The objective of the present research program was to develop a database of kinetic targets, in the form of ignition delay times, for jet fuel representative hydrocarbons, jet fuels, and jet fuel surrogate mixtures, with a focus on gas turbine main combustor conditions (i.e., elevated pressures with air as the oxidizer). Shock tube autoignition studies for 16 hydrocarbons provided quantitative targets for the development of kinetic oxidation models and information ... |
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| Biodegradation of Medium Chain Hydrocarbons by Acinetobacter venetianus 2AW Immobilized to Hair-Based Adsorbent Mats (Postprint) |
Sep 2010 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Heather R Luckarift; Susan R Sizemore; Karen E Farrington; Preston A Fulmer; Justin C Biffinger; Lloyd J Nadeau; Glenn R Johnson; UNIVERSAL TECHNOLOGY CORP DAYTON OH
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| The natural attenuation of hydrocarbons can be hindered by their rapid dispersion in the environment and limited contact with bacteria capable of oxidizing hydrocarbons. A functionalized composite material is described herein, that combines in situ immobilized alkanedegrading bacteria with an adsorbent material that collects hydrocarbon substrates, and facilitates biodegradation by the immobilized bacterial population. Acinetobacter venetianus 2AW was isolated for its ability to utilize hydrophobic n-alkanes (C10?C18) as the sole ... |
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| Extent and Impacts of Hydrocarbon Fuel Compositional Variability for Aerospace Propulsion Systems |
12 Jul 2010 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Matt Billingsley; Tim Edwards; Linda M Shafer; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
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| Kerosene fuels possess physical and chemical properties which make them attractive for aerospace propulsion applications from operational and performance standpoints. However, variation in fuel properties and performance owing to differences in chemical makeup can be significant as operating environments and fuel composition fall outside the realm of current experience. Both circumstances are increasingly frequent, given the incorporation of new fuels in existing systems and a desire to increase vehicle performance. ... |
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| An Integrated Experimental and Computational Study of Relocalization in pi-Conjugated Combustion Intermediates |
09 JUL 2010 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Andrew L. Cooksy; SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV CA DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| We have constructed the first potential energy surfaces for relocalization that parametrize the system along all of the local coordinates involved in the motion. The first surface we evaluated is for the HC3O radical, evaluating the energy at about 250 points as a function of the HCC and CCO bending angles, and along the CCC asymmetric stretching coordinate. An analogous series of calculations has also been carried out for the ... |
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| Kinetics in Gas Mixtures for Problem of Plasma Assisted Combustion |
MAY 2010 |
196 pages |
| Authors:
Svetlana Starikovskaia; ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE PALAISEAU (FRANCE)
|
| Throughout the whole period of the research we performed the following tasks: The current state of the art in approaches to the study of kinetics of plasma assisted combustion and ignition has been reviewed. It was demonstrated that, in spite of a large body of research in this field, up to now there had been no kinetic model describing adequately plasma assisted ignition and combustion. Kinetics of ignition in CnH2n+2:O2:Ar ... |
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| Flame Propagation Enhancement by Plasma Excitation of Oxygen. Part 2. Effects of O2(a1 Delta sub g) |
Jan 2010 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy Ombrello; Sang H Won; Yiguang Ju; Skip Williams; PRINCETON UNIV NJ DEPT OF MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
|
| The isolated effect of O2(a1Dg) on the propagation of C2H4 lifted flames was studied at reduced pressures (3.61 kPa and 6.73 kPa). The O2(a1Dg) was produced in a microwave discharge plasma and was isolated from O and O3 by NO addition to the plasma afterglow in a flow residence time on the order of 1 s. The concentrations of O2(a1Dg) and O3 were measured quantitatively through absorption by sensitive off-axis ... |
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| Solid-Fuel Stove Testing |
17 Nov 2009 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
Jim Jetter; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK NC NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LAB
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| Stove testing is important and necessary. Lab tests provide valuable information, but are inadequate for predicting field performance. Field tests are needed, including controlled cooking test protocols and kitchen performance test protocols. The objectives of our testing are as follows: (1) determine if stoves have improved fuel efficiency and lower pollutant emissions compared with traditional stoves; (2) provide useful information to PCIA (Partnership for Clean Indoor Air) partners and others ... |
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| Department of Defense Fuel Spending, Supply, Acquisition, and Policy |
22-Sep-2009 |
|
| Authors:
Anthony Andrews; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
 | Department of Defense (DOD) fuel consumption varies from year to year in response to changes in mission and the tempo of operations. DOD may consume upwards of 1% of the petroleum products refined in the United States annually. Petroleum products purchased and consumed overseas may double DOD's consumption. The majority of DOD's bulk fuel purchases are for jet fuel, which has ranged as high as 101 million barrels annually in ... |
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| Evaluation of the Impact of a Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene and JP-8 Blend on the Filters and Filter/Coalescer Performance |
11-Aug-2009 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Michael Domen; Richard A Kamin; Douglas F Mearns; NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND PATUXENT RIVER MD
|
| Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) is a liquid hydrocarbon fuel which can be produced by several different methods, one of which being the Fischer Tropsch (FT) process. Since 70 percent of the petroleum currently used in the U.S. is imported and SPK can be produced from domestic hydrocarbon sources such as coal and natural gas, certification of SPK for use as a blending component in JP-8 fuel is being pursued to ... |
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| Chemical Reactivity as a Probe of Ionic-Liquid Surfaces |
30-Apr-2009 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Kenneth McKendrick; Carla Waring; Paul A Bagot; Matthew L Costen; HERIOT-WATT UNIV EDINBURGH (UNITED KINGDOM)
|
| This report results from a contract tasking Heriot-Watt University as follows: The work will be similar to that which the group has pioneered in related studies of the reactions of O(3P) atoms with hydrocarbon liquids. It is based on laser-photolysis of a low pressure of a suitable O(3P) precursor (NO2 at 355 nm) above the surface of the liquid. This produces O(3P) atoms with a relatively broad, superthermal kinetic energy ... |
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| Flame Stabilization and Structure of Reaction Zones |
31-Mar-2009 |
34 pages |
| Authors:
Kevin M Lyons; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH OFFICE OF CONTRACTS AND GRANTS
|
| This report discusses recent progress in understanding turbulent, lifted hydrocarbon jet flames and the conditions under which they stabilize, which has implications for both gaseous- and spray-burner design. Experiments are discussed which support the importance of a variety of effects, including partial premixing, local extinction, streamline divergence, air co-flow and large-scale structures. Specifically, advances in flame hystersis and propagation are reported, which have helped clarify the overall understanding of combustion ... |
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| An Automated Process for Generation of New Fuel Breakdown Mechanisms |
28-Feb-2009 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Angela Violi; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
| The work performed by our research group over the last years aimed to develop an integrated and innovative computational approach for predicting reaction mechanisms for JP8 surrogate components. The modeling effort has integrated various computational tools to build chemical kinetic pathways, starting from the structure of the proposed fuel components and ending with a list of reactions pathways, rate constants, thermodynamic and transport data. Studies were conducted in several research ... |
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| Carbon Dioxide Corrosion and Acetate: A Hypothesis on the Influence of Microorganisms |
Nov-2008 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
Brenda J Little; Joseph M Suflita; Tommy J Phelps; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV
|
| It is our hypothesis that fermentative acetogenic, and sulfate-reducing bacteria residing in pipeline facilities can influence corrosion through the production of carbon dioxide and acetate under the prevailing anaerobic conditions. The exacerbation of carbon dioxide corrosion of carbon steel in the presence of acetic acid is a well-known phenomenon in the oil industry. Both chemical compounds can be produced and consumed by microorganisms during the anaerobic biodegradation of organic matter-- ... |
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| Engine Durability Evaluation Using Synthetic Fuel, Caterpillar C7 Engine |
Oct-2008 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Matthew E Schulman; Edwin A Frame; SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX BELVOIR FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY
|
| Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthetic fuel is considered a clean fuel because it typically will contain no sulfur or aromatics, but these differences from petroleum fuel (JP-8) may translate to some degree of change in equipment/engine performance in regards to power output, fuel ignition and combustibility, fuel system sealing, and fuel lubricity. A Caterpillar C7 engine was used to compare operations between JP-8 and F-T fuel. The engine was measured dimensionally, broken-in, ... |
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| Bacterial Degradation of Nitrogenous Energetic Compounds (NEC) in Coastal Waters and Sediments |
10-Sep-2008 |
59 pages |
| Authors:
Michael T Montgomery; S W Walker; T J Boyd; L J Hamdan; C L Osburn; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC CHEMICAL DYNAMICS AND DIAGNOSTICS BRANCH
|
| Once released in the environment, either through detonation, casing breakage, or by slow leaks from unexploded ordnance (UXO), nitrogenous energetic compounds (NEC, such as TNT, HMX, RDX) may sorb onto particulates, partition to dissolved organic matter, or remain dissolved in aqueous media. Our hypothesis was that NEC would be transient in coastal ecosystems. This was based primarily on the understanding that microbial grown in these systems is typically nitrogen-limited and ... |
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| Evaluation of Synthetic Fuel in Military Tactical Generators |
JUN 2008 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
Ruben Alvarez; Edwin A. Frame; SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX BELVOIR FUELS AND LUBRICANTS RESEARCH FACILITY
|
| A program was developed to compare data on performance, fuel economy and exhaust emissions during side by-side evaluations of military tactical generator sets while using various fuels, including Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthetic aviation kerosene fuel. The generators identified as Tactical Quiet Generators, 10kW 60 Hz, MEP-803A were provided by the Mobile Electric Power Group at Ft. Belvoir, VA. All three generators were operated on a 25-hour break-in run using Ultra-Low Sulfur ... |
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| Iraq: Oil and Gas Legislation, Revenue Sharing, and U.S. Policy |
02 APR 2008 |
|
| Authors:
Christopher M. Blanchard; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Iraqi leaders continue to debate a package of hydrocarbon sector and revenue sharing legislation that would define the terms for the future management and development of the country's significant oil and natural gas resources. The package includes an oil and gas sector framework law and three supporting laws that would outline revenue sharing, restructure Iraq 's Ministry of Oil, and create an Iraqi National Oil Company. Both the Bush Administration ... |
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| History of Fuel Cell R&D at Fort Belvoir, Virginia |
01 APR 2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Walter G. Taschek; ARMY POWER DIV FORT BELVOIR VA POWER TECHNOLOGY BRANCH
|
| Fuel cell R&D in the United States before 1958 was minimal but, with the advent of Sputnik, interest in fuel cells exploded. While NASA pursued fuel cells for space applications, Army Labs at Fort Monmouth and Fort Belvoir pursued air breathing fuel cells for tactical and ground applications. By the mid 1960's, both Army Labs had strong efforts and each had staffs of over eight researchers directed at fuel cell ... |
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| Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Thermal Management Applications |
04-Feb-2008 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Pulickel M Ajayan; RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST TROY NY
|
| The work was designed towards creating aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of xylene hydrocarbon precursor and simultaneous vapor phase delivery of catalyst particles. Low density nanotube arrays as well as highly dense pyrolitic carbon coated nanotube arrays were produced. The nanotube arrays could be grown to several hundreds of microns long. The simultaneous growth of nanotubes and densification of the aligned carbon nanotube (ACNT) films ... |
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| Estimating Cleanup Times Associated With Combining Source-Area Remediation With Monitored Natural Attenuation |
Feb-2008 |
192 pages |
| Authors:
Mark Widdowson; Francis Chapelle; Clifton Casey; Mark Kram; VIRGINIA TECH BLACKSBURG BRADLEY DEPT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER
|
| Under suitable conditions, monitored natural attenuation (MNA) can be a cost-effective strategy for restoring contaminated aquifer systems either as a stand-alone technology or in combination with other engineered remedial actions. However, USEPA guidance specifically requires MNA to achieve site-specific cleanup objectives within a reasonable time frame. Thus, it is necessary to provide estimates of cleanup times whenever MNA is proposed as part of a cleanup strategy. In response, the Natural ... |
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| MIL SPEC 28 Square Foot Fire Burnback and Extinguishment Testing of FireAde, FlameOut II and Hawk ALLFIRE |
JAN 2008 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Kimberly D. Barrett; Jennifer L. Kalberer; APPLIED RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC TYNDALL AFB FL
|
| The Air Force, in cooperation with the Federal Aviation Administration, is screening new fire fighting foam concentrates to determine their effectiveness at extinguishing and resisting burnback for hydrocarbon fuel fires. This report documents the evaluation performed on the fire extinguishing agents FireAde 2000 AFFF LP, FlameOut II and Hawk ALLFORE in accordance with the parameters set forth in Military Specification ( MIL SPEC) MIL-F-0024385F, Section 4.7.13 for the twenty-eight-square-foot fire ... |
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| Iraq: Oil and Gas Legislation, Revenue Sharing, and U.S. Policy |
02 OCT 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Christoper M. Blanchard; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Iraqi leaders continue to debate a package of hydrocarbon sector and revenue sharing legislation that would define the terms for the future management and development of the country's significant oil and natural gas resources. The package includes an oil and gas sector framework law and three supporting laws that would outline revenue sharing, restructure Iraq's Ministry of Oil, and create an Iraqi National Oil Company. Both the Bush Administration and ... |
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| Thermochemistry and Kinetics for Designer Molecules Additives to Energetic Materials for Improved Performance: Thermal Generation of Hydrazine |
28-Sep-2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
John da Cole; Gabriel Silva; Joseph W Bozzelli; William Anderson; NEW JERSEY INST OF TECH NEWARK
|
| A number of JANNAF publications have illustrated the remarkable performance modification that the addition of Tag-ZT can have in formulations of energetic materials, where the Tag-ZT additive resulted in significant improvement in performance the energetic material. Recent studies in the research lab or Dr. Rich Behrens have demonstrated that the thermal reaction of TAG-ZT results in formation of hydrazine, N2H4. The Behrens group further evaluate the hydrazine to be a ... |
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| Ignition and Dentonation Characteristics of Hydrogen and Hydrocarbon Fuels in a PDE |
SEP 2007 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Tim Heifrich; Fred Schauer; Royce Bradley; John Hoke; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH TURBINE ENGINE DIV
|
| Over the past two decades, several fuels have been tested in pulsed detonation engines (PDEs) throughout the world. This research focuses on developing a baseline set of ignition and detonation performance measures for six distinct fuels in air: Hydrogen, ethylene, propane, aviation gasoline (avgas), JP-8, and Fischer-Tropsch JP-8 (S-8). To quantify the ignition and detonation performance, four parameters are examined: Ignition time, deflagration- to-detonation transition (DDT) time, DDT distance, and ... |
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| Evaluation of Catalytic and Thermal Cracking in a JP-8 Fueled Pulsed Detonation Engine (Postprint) |
SEP 2007 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Timothy M. Helfrich; Frederick R. Schauer; Royce P. Bradley; John L. Hoke; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| Pulsed detonation engines (PDEs) depend on rapid ignition and transition from deflagration to detonation. The prospect of converting the PDE from experimental to operational use necessitates a considerable reduction in the time required to ignite and detonate a liquid hydrocarbon fuel in air, such as JP-8. This research effort is focused on PDE operation enhancements using dual detonation tube, concentric-counter-flow heat exchangers to elevate the fuel temperature levels sufficiently to ... |
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| Turbulent Mixing and Combustion for High-Speed Air-Breathing Propulsion Application |
12 AUG 2007 |
126 pages |
| Authors:
Paul E. Dimotakis; CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA DEPT OF AERONAUTICS
|
| Work was completed on mixing, chemical-reaction, and combustion processes in turbulent, subsonic, and supersonic flows. Research included high-speed internal flows of interest to scramjet mixing and combustion, aimed at flow-control and flame holding issues. The control authority and mixing in subsonic and transonic flows affected by mass injection and heat release was quantified. In parallel, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with Sub-Grid Scale (SGS) modeling of these flows was conducted with ... |
|
| Low Temperature Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Direct Microwave Irradiation |
09 AUG 2007 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
KUN-HONG LEE; POHANG UNIV OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (KOREA SOUTH) DEPT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
|
| The data suggest that microwave heating is a very efficient method to heat catalyst particles, decompose hydrocarbons, and finally synthesize CNTs. However, final conclusion will be made after completing the analysis of synthesized CNTs. |
|
| Environmental Evaluation of Dust Stabilizer Products |
AUG 2007 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
Jeffery Steevens; Burton Suedel; Alfreda Gibson; Alan Kennedy; William Blackburn; David Splichal; J. T. Pierce; ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER VICKSBURG MS ENVIRONMENTAL LAB
|
| Personnel of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS, and Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC), Portsmouth, VA, evaluated the environmental fate and effects of six commercially available dust stabilizer products. As part of the evaluation, a relative risk comparison was made of the six materials to other materials that have been used historically to control dusts (i.e., diesel, crude oil, fuel oil). Data for this evaluation ... |
|
| Iraq: Oil and Gas Legislation, Revenue Sharing, and U.S. Policy |
26 JUN 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Christopher M. Blanchard; LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE
|
| Iraqi leaders continue to debate a package of hydrocarbon sector and revenue sharing legislation that will define the terms for the future management and development of the country's significant oil and natural gas resources. The package includes an oil and gas sector framework law and three supporting laws that would outline revenue sharing mechanisms, restructure Iraq 's Ministry of Oil, and create an Iraqi National Oil Company. Both the Bush ... |
|
| Experimental and Numerical Investigations of RP-2 Under High Heat Fluxes |
MAY 2007 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
M. C. Billingsley; H. Y. Lyu; R. W. Bates; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB EDWARDS AFB CA PROPULSION DIRECTORATE
|
| Interest in developing reusable, long-life, liquid hydrocarbon fueled rocket engines has continued to grow in recent years. Of critical importance in designing and developing an engine with these characteristics is of course the fuel and its impact on potential cooling schemes. For several years now, the Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate has been developing the capability to examine the thermal performance of newly emerging petroleum distillate fuels such as ... |
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| Microchemical Systems for Fuel Processing and Conversion to Electrical Power |
15 MAR 2007 |
|
| Authors:
Klavs F. Jensen; MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH CAMBRIDGE
|
| This final report describes progress and accomplishments of the MIT MURI Microchemical Systems for Fuel Processing and Conversion to Electrical Power. The program aimed to develop a fundamental understanding of the different physical phenomena underlying fuel processing at millimeter to micron scale as well as to establish the engineering principles needed to realize portable electrical power generation from hydrocarbon fuels. Competing approaches to fuel conversions were addressed with particular emphasis ... |
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| In Situ Catalytic Groundwater Treatment Using Pd-Catalysts and Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells |
Feb-2007 |
270 pages |
| Authors:
Carmen Lebron; Martin Reinhard; Gary Hopkins; Matthew Davie; NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING SERVICE CENTER PORT HUENEME CA
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| The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated in 1996 that approximately 70% of the 8,336 Department of Defense (DoD) sites requiring cleanup had contaminated groundwater, usually from chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Palladium (Pd) catalysis is a rapid destruction method that, in the presence of hydrogen gas, transforms many chlorinated ethylenes into ethane and some other halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into their respective hydrocarbon compounds. ... |
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| Branch Detonation of a Pulse Detonation Engine With Flash Vaporized JP-8 |
DEC 2006 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
John D. Slack; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
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| Pulse Detonation Engines (PDE) operating on liquid hydrocarbon fuels are limited to operating frequencies of 35 Hz due to long ignition times from a low energy ignition sources. This study shows ignition time of JP-8 can be nearly eliminated by igniting a thrust tube using a secondary detonation. A counter flow heat exchanger attached to a thrust tube utilized waste heat from the detonation process to heat JP-8 to supercritical ... |
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| Development of a PBPK Model for JP-8 |
15 NOV 2006 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Jeff Fisher; Michael Bartlett; Shonetta D. Gregg; GEORGIA UNIV ATHENS
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| The overarching goal of this research project was to develop a mathematical dosimetry model for aerosolized JP-8 to better understand human exposure to inhaled JP-8. The JP-8 dosimetry model could then be used to determine human health risks from exposure to JP-8. For the first time, individual hydrocarbon data were collected to characterize the atmospheric exposures and dosimetry for laboratory animals exposed to vaporized or aerosolized JP-8. Both chamber atmosphere ... |
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