| The Oxidation of a Gasoline Surrogate in the Negative Temperature Coefficient Region |
12-Feb-2009 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
David B Lenhert; David L Miller; Nicholas P Cernansky; Kevin G Owens; DREXEL UNIV PHILADELPHIA PA DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS
|
 | This experimental study investigated the preignition reactivity behavior of a gasoline surrogate in a pressurized flow reactor over the low and intermediate temperature regime (600-800 K) at elevated pressure (8 atm). The surrogate mixture, a volumetric blend of 4.6% 1-pentene, 31.8% toluene, 14.0% n-heptane, and 49.6% 2,2,4-trimethyl-pentane (iso-octane), was shown to reproduce the low and intermediate temperature reactivity of full boiling range fuels in a previous study. Each of the ... |
|
| Influence of Transport Processes on Autoignition of High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon Fuels in Nonpremixed Flows |
27-Aug-2008 |
18 pages |
| Authors:
Kalyanasundaram Seshadri; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA
|
| The objective of this research is to obtain an improved understanding of the influences of transport processes, chemical kinetics and flow characteristics on the mechanisms of autoignition of condensed (liquid) hydrocarbon fuels in nonpremixed, nonuniform flows. An experimental and numerical investigation is carried out. The condensed fuels tested are n-heptane and n-decane. Recent experimental investigation of autoignition of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, in particular n-heptane and n-decane, show that at low ... |
|
| Reduced Chemical Kinetic Mechanisms for Hydrocarbon Fuels |
2006 |
36 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher J. Montgomery; Marc A. Cremer; Jyh-Yuan Chen; Charles K. Westbrook; Lourdes Q. Maurice; REACTION ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SALT LAKE CITY UT
|
| Several reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms for combustion of ethylene and n-heptane have been generated using CARM (Computer Aided Reduction Method), a computer program that automates the mechanism-reduction process. The method uses a set of input test problems to rank species by the error introduced by assuming they are in quasi-steady state. The reduced mechanisms have been compared to detailed chemistry calculations in simple homogeneous reactors and experiments. Reduced mechanisms for ... |
|
| An Evaluation of Total Flooding High Expansion Foam Fire Suppression Systems for Machinery Space Applications |
DEC 2004 |
161 pages |
| Authors:
G. Back; E. Forssell; A. Wakelin; D. Beene; L. Nash; HUGHES ASSOCIATES INC BALTIMORE MD
|
| Full-scale fire tests were conducted to identify the fire extinguishing capabilities and limitations of High Expansion Foam Fire Suppression Systems (HEFFSS) in shipboard machinery space applications. A total of 35 tests were conducted in this evaluation utilizing the equipment and foam concentrates from three manufacturers: Ansul, Buckeye and Chemguard. All three systems easily extinguished the pan fires included in this evaluation independent of the type of fuel (heptane or diesel). ... |
|
| Interpreting Shock Tube Ignition Data |
OCT 2003 |
24 pages |
| Authors:
D. F. Davidson; R. K. Hanson; STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| Chemical kinetic modelers make extensive use of shock tube ignition data in the development and validation of combustion reaction mechanisms. These data come from measurements using a range of diagnostics and a variety of shock tubes, fuels, and initial conditions. With the wide selection of data available, it is useful to realize that not all of the data are of all the same type or quality, nor are all the ... |
|
| Fuels Combustion Research: Supercritical Fuel Pyrolysis |
NOV 2002 |
66 pages |
| Authors:
Mary J. Wornat; Elmer B. Ledesma; Philip G. Felton; Joseph A. Sivo; Nathan D. Marsh; PRINCETON UNIV NJ DEPT OF MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
|
| Supercritical pyrolysis experiments were conducted with toluene, methyl cyclohexane, and n-heptane at temperatures up to 585 C, pressures up to 100 atm, and residence times up to 550 sec Analysis, by HPLC/UV, of the toluene reaction products led to the unequivocal identification of 27 individual PAH, up to 10 rings in size. The experiments showed that PAH yields increased exponentially with pressure. For each of the product PAH, values of ... |
|
| Fuels Combustion Research: Supercritical Fuel Pyrolysis |
19 JUN 2001 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Mary J. Wornat; PRINCETON UNIV NJ DEPT OF MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
|
| The fuels used in the next generation of hypersonic aircraft will have to operate under very high pressures (beyond the critical pressures of most hydrocarbons) and will have to sustain very high heat loads in order to meet aircraft cooling requirements, Potential candidates for meeting these stringent cooling requirements are 'endothermic' fuels, fuels that can undergo a controlled heat-absorbing chemical reaction (e.g., dehydrogenation) prior to combustion. Critical to the development ... |
|
| The Chemistry Controlling Ignition of Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures at High Pressures |
19 JUN 2001 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
David L. Miller; Nicholas P. Cernansky; DREXEL UNIV PHILADELPHIA PA DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS
|
| This research program investigates the chemistry controlling ignition of hydrocarbons and their mixtures at elevated pressures. The objective of this program is the development of kinetic and mechanistic information in the low and intermediate temperature regime (600-1000 K) over a range of pressures (up to 20 atm). The methodology is to perform bench scale tests on single component pure fuels; on 2, 3, and 4 component mixtures of pure fuels; ... |
|
| Large Eddy Simulations of Supercritical Multicomponent Mixing Layers |
19 JUN 2001 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Josette Bellan; JET PROPULSION LAB PASADENA CA
|
| The objective of this study is the fundamental understanding of fuel disintegration and mixing in a supercritical environment (relative to the fuel) in order to determine parameter regimes advantageous to mixing. The approach is based on developing a model of a supercritical, turbulent jet mixing with surrounding fluid. The method is one that combines the modeling of supercritical fluids with a systematic development based on the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) ... |
|
| Sub- and Super-Critical Evaporation and Combustion of a Moving Droplet |
19 JUN 2001 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
George Gogos; NEBRASKA UNIV LINCOLN
|
| We are conducting a comprehensive computational study of fuel droplet evaporation and combustion in sub- and super-critical ambient conditions under forced convection. An experimentally validated model for a moving spherical droplet that undergoes evaporation has been developed. The model is used to predict droplet lifetimes and droplet penetration distances over a wide range of ambient pressures. In addition, a low pressure, experimentally validated model for a moving spherical droplet that ... |
|
| Fire Extinguishment by Electro-Magnetic Fields. Phase II |
JUL 2000 |
132 pages |
| Authors:
Richard T. Schneider; Robert J. Hirco; John D. Cox; Neil H. Weinstein; SCHNEIDER LABS LTD ALACHUA FL
|
| This report describes a Phase II effort that demonstrated the technological feasibility to extinguish fires using an electromagnetic (EM) pulse. Using this technology only electrical energy is used for the fire extinguishment process; no water or chemicals are required. The experimental device employed 10 energy storage capacitors of 40 microfarads total and operated at 15 kV. With this device heptane, diesel and kerosene pool fires, as well as forced-flow flames ... |
|
| Diode Laser Measurements of HF Concentrations Produced from Heptane/Air Pan Fires Extinguished by FE-36, FM-200, FE-36 Plus APP, and FM-200 Plus APP |
MAY 2000 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
R. R. Skaggs; Robert G. Daniel; Andrzej W. Miziolek; Kevin L. McNesby; Craig Herud; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is used to measure the time evolution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) concentrations produced from a series of enclosed heptane/air pan fires extinguished by FE-36, FM-200, FE-36 plus ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and FM-200 plus APP. For the fires studied, the change in HF gas concentration with time is dependent upon the fire-fighting chemical used to extinguish the fire. The presence ... |
|
| Water Mist Protection Requirements for Very Large Machinery Spaces |
MAR 2000 |
87 pages |
| Authors:
Gerard G. Back; Craig L. Beyler; Phil J. DiNenno; Richard Hansen; COAST GUARD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER GROTON CT
|
| This report provides an evaluation of the fire fighting capabilities of water mist fire suppression systems in large (^3000 m(exp 3) machinery spaces. The primary objective of this investigation was to evaluate the applicability of the International Maritime Organization test protocol to larger, Class 3 machinery spaces (>3000 m(exp 3). Four generic water mist systems produced using off-the-shelf industrial spray nozzles were included in ... |
|
| Diode Laser Measurements of HF Concentrations From Heptane/Air Pan FiresExtinguished by FE-36 and FE-36 Plus APP |
JAN 2000 |
30 pages |
| Authors:
R. R. Skaggs; R. G. Daniel; A. W. Miziolek; K. L. McNesby; C. Herud; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is used to measure the time evolution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) concentrations produced from a series of enclosed heptane/air pan fires extinguished by FE-36 or FE-36 plus ammonium polyphosphate (APP). Recent advances in room temperature fiber coupled near infrared (NIR) diode lasers provide isolation of the laser and signal processing electronics from the hostile sampling site. For the fires ... |
|
| Reduced Chemical Kinetic Mechanisms for Hydrocarbon Fuels |
JUN 1999 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
Christopher J. Montgomery; Marc A. Cremer; Michael P. Heap; Jhy-Yuan Chen; Charles K. Westbrook; Lourdes Q. Maurice; REACTION ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SALT LAKE CITY UT
|
| Using CARM (Computer Aided Reduction Method), a computer program that automates the mechanism reduction process, a variety of different reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms for ethylene and n-heptane have been generated. The reduced mechanisms have been compared to detailed chemistry calculations in simple homogeneous reactors and experiments. Reduced mechanisms for combustion of ethylene having as few as 10 species were found to give reasonable agreement with detailed chemistry over a range ... |
|
| An Experimental and Numerical Study of the Effects of Design Parameters on Water Mist Suppression of Liquid Pool Fires |
30 APR 1999 |
32 pages |
| Authors:
Chuka C. Ndubizu; Ramagopal Ananth; Patricia A. Tatem; Kuldeep Prasad; Chiping Li; NAVY TECHNOLOGY CENTER FOR SAFETY AND SURVIVABILITY WASHINGTON DC
|
| This report presents the results of an experimental and numerical parametric study of water mist suppression of liquid pool fires. The numerical part was conducted with small 2-D methanol pool fire, while the experiments were conducted with a 50 cm diameter pan heptane and JP8 pool fires. Analyses of results of the experimental and numerical parts lead to similar conclusions. First, the results show that base injection of droplets enhanced ... |
|
| Diode Laser Measurements of HF Concentrations from Heptane/Air Pan FiresExtinguished by FE-36 and FE-36 Plus Ammonium Polyphosphate |
1999 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
R. R. Skaggs; R. G. Daniel; A. W. Miziolek; K. L. McNesby; C. Herud; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is used to measure the time evolution of hydrogen fluoride concentrations produced from a series of enclosed heptane/air pan fires extinguished by FE-36 or FE-36 plus ammonium polyphosphate (APP). Recent advances in room temperature fiber coupled, near- infrared diode lasers provide isolation of the laser and signal processing electronics from the hostile sampling site. For the fires studied, the change ... |
|
| The Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in Highly Turbulent Gas Streams |
31 MAY 1998 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
Richard D. Gould; NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIV AT RALEIGH DEPT OF MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
|
| Single acetone and heptane droplets were suspended from a hypodermic needle in turbulent airflow, and the Nusselt number was obtained from direct measurements of the droplet diameter and evaporation rate. Acetone was selected because it fluoresces when irradiated with ultraviolet laser radiation while heptane was selected because of its high volatility compared with water, methanol, and ethanol which were used previously. Planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements were made to ... |
|
| Diorganogallium Beta-Diketonates and Their Lewis Acid-Base Adducts. Crystal and Molecular Structures of Mes2Ga(hfac) and Me2Ga(hfac).NC5H5 |
22 JAN 98 |
33 pages |
| Authors:
O. T. Beachley; James R. Gardinier; Melvyn R. Churchill; Laurence M. Toomey; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| Compounds of the type R2Ga(bdk) (R=Me, Et, Mes (mesityl); bdk=2,4- pentanedionato-(acac), 1,1,1,-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionato-(tfac), 1,1,1,5,5,5,- hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato-(hfac), 2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato- (tmhd) have been prepared by multiple routes including hydrocarbon elimination, metathesis and ligand redistribution reactions and fully characterized by elemental analyses, cryoscopic molecular weight studies in benzene, and IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopic studies. An X-ray structural study of Mes2Ga(hfac) demonstrated four coordinate gallium with sigma bonds to the two mesityl rings and to the ... |
|
| Evaluation of Water Mist Fire Extinguishing Systems for Flammable Liquid Storeroom Applications on US Army Watercraft |
30 NOV 95 |
40 pages |
| Authors:
J. T. Leonard; G. G. Back; P. J. DiNenno; S. A. Hill; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| A series of tests was conducted to evaluate the capability of water mist nozzles for extinguishing fires in flammable liquid storerooms. Three types of nozzles were evaluated: single fluid low pressure, single fluid high pressure and dual fluid (air/water) nozzles. The fire threats included: wood cribs, trash cans containing fuel-soaked rags, heptane pan fires and cascading fuel (heptane) fires. With a nominal 1.5 m (5.0 ft.) nozzle spacing, all of ... |
|
| Fire and Explosion Hazards of Grade E Cargo |
OCT 95 |
64 pages |
| Authors:
Robert G. Zalosh; David M. Finnegan; WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INST MA
|
| This study was motivated by a cargo tank explosion incident involving No. 6 fuel oil at a temperature well below its flash point. The overall objective of the study has been to evaluate the general fire and explosion hazards of high flash point liquid cargo, i.e., Grade E cargo. A review of Coast Guard and National Transportation Safety Board incident reports identified several other explosion incidents involving high flash point ... |
|
| A Numerical Study of Droplet-Vortex Interactions in an Evaporating Spray |
JUN 94 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
T. W. Park; S. K. Aggarwal; V. R. Katta; ILLINOIS UNIV AT CHICAGO CIRCLE DEPT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
|
| In this paper, we present the time-dependent axisymmetric numerical simulation of an unsteady n-heptane evaporating spray, and investigate the droplet-vortex interactions which determine the structural and dynamic characteristics of a spray jet flow. The spray is formed between a droplet-laden heated nitrogen jet and a coflowing air stream. A detailed, multidimensional, two-phase algorithm is developed for the simulation. A comprehensive vaporization model is employed to calculate the instantaneous droplet size ... |
|
| Silicone Grease as a Precursor to a Pseudo Crown-Ether Ligand: Crystal Structure of (K+)3K(Me2SiO)7+)(HIn(CH2CMe3)3-)4 |
25 FEB 94 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Melvyn R. Churchill; Charles H. Lake; Sun-Hua L. Chao; O. T. Beachly Jr; STATE UNIV OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| The crystallization of K((HIn(CH2CMe3)3) from heptane in the presence of silicone grease led to the formation of the title compound, in which one potassium cation is surrounded by a planar cyclo-(Me2SiO)7 ligand; K+...O distances range from 2.86(3) to 2.99(4)A. Indium-hydride, Silicon-oxygen crown ether, X-ray structural study. |
|
| Oil Absorption into Cotton-Phenolic Material |
15 MAY 93 |
25 pages |
| Authors:
P. A. Bertrand; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS
|
| The kinetics of oil absorption into cotton-phenolic ball-bearing retainer material were determined. The results fit a model of two-step absorption in which the first step can be described by capillary rise and the second step by diffusion of oil from the capillaries into the bulk phenolic resin. The capillaries are associated with the cotton threads and are on the order of several micrometer or less in radius. The model successfully ... |
|
| CRC Octane Number Requirement Rating Workshop 1992 |
OCT 92 |
89 pages |
| Authors:
COORDINATING RESEARCH COUNCIL INC ATLANTA GA
|
| An octane number requirement rating workshop was conducted. The objective of the workshop was to improve the application of the CRC E-15 Technique for Determination of Octane Number Requirement of Light-Duty Vehicles. The workshop was to improve the skills of those with minimal experience and provide experienced raters a forum for interacting with other raters of similar experience. Investigative procedures and techniques were encouraged to provide data regarding the latest ... |
|
| Laminar Spray Combustion, |
23 JUL 1992 |
|
| Authors:
Yeshayahou Levy; TECHNION - ISRAEL INST OF TECH HAIFA FACULTY OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
|
 | A spray combustor, with flow velocities in the laminar range, exhibits a unique operating mode where large amplitude oscillations of the flame height occur and are self induced. The phenomenon, not encountered before, is unique to fuel supplied in the form of fine liquid droplets and does not occur while using gaseous fuel. Various flow mechanisms appear to be coupled in such a way as to trigger and maintain the ... |
|
| EGF-Receptor Binding Peptides from Transforming Growth Factor Alpha (TGF Alpha): Evidence for a Multi-Domain Interaction, |
1992 |
|
| Authors:
Donna E. Davies; Audrey Richter; J. W. Conlan; Clement Higginbotham; Michael E. Ward; FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| TGF alpha is a small protein which can bind to, and activate, epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF-R) on the surface of epithelial, mesenchymal and a range of cancer cells, causing the initiation of DNA synthesis and subsequent division. Despite intensive efforts using site-directed mutagenesis, synthetic peptide fragments, and determination of the secondary and tertiary folding of TGF alpha in solution, the role and importance of many structural features in mediating ... |
|
| PLIF Imaging of Species and Temperature Distributions in Spray Flames |
FEB 90 |
65 pages |
| Authors:
M. G. Allen; K. Donohue; S. J. Davis; PHYSICAL SCIENCES INC ANDOVER MA
|
| This Phase I SBIR program investigated the application of Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) to measurements of species concentration and temperature distributions in liquid-fueled spray flames. A bench-top spray burner was constructed and characterized with n-heptane fuel. Using laser sheet illumination, time-averaged and instantaneous distributions of the OH radical were obtained. Ratios of time-averaged OH distributions obtained from two isolated rotational levels were used to infer the time-averaged temperature in the ... |
|
| Evaporation of Monodisperse Fuel Sprays in Flowing Air |
DEC 86 |
|
| Authors:
J. E. Peters; H. Krier; K. Kim; J. E. Kirwan; G. N. Schroering; ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DEPT OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
|
| This work represents the Final Report of a research program dealing with liquid fuel droplet evaporation in flowing high temperature and pressurized air. A major effort was applied to the design, fabrication, and utilization of a heated air flow tunnel into which monodisperse droplets with controlled axial spacing and velocity it was possible to photomicroscopy to measure the droplets (typically 100 um) along individual spray streams, and then to calculate ... |
|
| Low Temperature Fluorination of Aerosol Suspensions of Hydrocarbons Utilizing Elemental Fluorine. Aerosol Direct Fluorination-Syntheses of Perfluoroketones |
MAR 1983 |
|
| Authors:
James L. Adcock; Mark L. Robin; TENNESSEE UNIV KNOXVILLE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| The extension of aerosol direct fluorination techniques to the syntheses of perfluoroketones from their hydrocarbon analogs is described. This continuous flow direct fluorination process is fluorine efficient, causes minimal fragmentation and produces high purity products. The purity of F-3- pentanone, F-3-heptanone, and F-4-heptanone direct from the reactor were 71%, 59% and 92% by weight respectively. Physical losses of feed hydrocarbon, which can be recovered, reduce single pass yields to 13%, ... |
|
| Synthesis and Evaluation of New Intramolecular Cure Intermediates |
SEP 1982 |
|
| Authors:
William A. Feld; WRIGHT STATE UNIV DAYTON OHIO DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| The objectives of this research were the synthesis of 1,4,4,7- tetraphenyl-hepta-1,6-diyne-3,5-dione, 1,3,4,6-tetraphenylhexa-3-ene-1,5-diyne, 3-amino-2-(m-aminophenylethynyl)-N-phenylbenzamide and 4-amino-2-(m- aminophenylethynyl)-N-phenylbenzamide and their evaluation as potential intramolecular cure (IMC) agents. The reaction of diphenylmalonyl dichloride with phenylacetylene in the presence of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride yields diphenylbutadiyne as the major product. The reaction of similarly substituted malonyl dichlorides with cuprous phenylacetylide yields only diphenylbutadiyne. The reaction of phenylethynylmagnesium bromide with substituted malonaldehydes followed by oxidation of the ... |
|
| Quantitative Chromatographic Analyses of N-Phenyl-Alpha-Naphthylamine and N-Phenyl-Beta-Naphthylamine |
04 DEC 1981 |
|
| Authors:
P. J. Sniegoski; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| Three convenient chromatographic methods were developed for the quantitative analysis of N-phenyl-beta-naphthylamine in samples of N-phenyl- alpha-naphthylamine. The TLC method makes use of dipropylene glycol impregnated silica gel plates. XE-60 is utilized in the GC method, and a column packed with NH 210 micrometers is used in the LC separation. Analyses were carried out on various commercial samples of N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine that were to be used as an antioxidant in aircraft ... |
|
| Differentiation of the Open and Closed States of the Ionic Channels of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors by Tricyclic Antidepressants |
30 APR 1981 |
|
| Authors:
G. G. Schofield; B. Witkop; J. E. Warnick; E. X. Albuquerque; MARYLAND UNIV BALTIMORE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
|
|
| Cylindrical Heterogeneous Detonation Waves. |
MAY 1980 |
|
| Authors:
J. a. Nicholls; M. Sichel; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR GAS DYNAMICS LABS
|
| Heterogeneous detonation refers to the fact that the fuel is in one physical state and the oxidizer in a different one. In these studies the fuel was in the form of liquid drops and the oxidizer was gaseous. This research program treated the blast wave initiation of heterogeneous detonation, the propagation of heterogeneous detonation through uniform and non-uniform clouds, and the influence of different fuels and/or different properties. The study ... |
|
| Fuel-Air Explosive Simulation of Far-Field Nuclear Airblasts |
31 DEC 1979 |
244 pages |
| Authors:
T. H. Pierce; R. T. Sedgwick; S-CUBED LA JOLLA CA
|
| Fuel-air explosions (FAE) have been investigated in the context of far-field nuclear airblast simulation. The objective of the investigation is to determine the feasibility of a reusable FAE simulator at the one kiloton level. Two issues have been researched in parallel efforts. These are the mechanisms by which largescale FAE clouds of controlled shape can be reliably and repeatedly formed and detonated, and the quality of nuclear airblast simulation that ... |
|
| Recent Experiments on Heterogeneous Detonation Waves, |
17 JAN 1979 |
|
| Authors:
J. a. Nicholls; R. Bar-Or; Z. Gabrijel; E. Petkus; MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR
|
|
| Time-Temperature Studies of High Temperature Deterioration Phenomena in Lubricant Systems: Synthetic Ester Lubricants |
1979 |
144 pages |
| Authors:
L. R. Mahoney; S. Korcek; P. A. Willermet; E. J. Hamilton Jr.; R. K. Jensen; FORD MOTOR CO DEARBORN MI RESEARCH STAFF
|
| A kinetic and mechanistic study of the autoxidation of liquid pentaerythrityl tetraheptanoate, PETH, in a stirred flow reactor at 180 to 220 C was completed. The results are consistent with the occurrence of a chain reaction scheme similar to that proposed for n-hexadecane autoxidation. This scheme includes the formation of monohydroperoxides by an intermolecular abstraction reaction, formation of alpha, gamma and alpha, delta- dihydroperoxides and hydroperoxyketones by intramolecular peroxy radical ... |
|
| Degradation Studies of a Trimethylolpropane Triheptanoate Lubricant Basestock |
DEC 1977 |
88 pages |
| Authors:
J. P. Cuellar Jr; SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INST SAN ANTONIO TX
|
| Experiments are described to study the thermal and oxidative degradation of a typical neopentyl-type polyol ester lubricant basestock-- trimethylolpropane triheptanoate. Utilizing a rotating cylinder device for the formation of a thin fluid film (0.004 in.), the parameters of film temperature, atmosphere moisture, and atmosphere type (inert or oxidative) were investigated with the uninhibited basestock. Program objectives included elucidation of the chemical processes involved in fluid deterioration, particularly as related to ... |
|
| Distortion and Orientation for Triplet Coronene in Different n-Heptane Shpol'skii Sites Using Phosphorescence-Polarized Microwave Double Resonance Techniques. |
DEC 1977 |
|
| Authors:
A. M. Merle; W. M. Pitts; M. A. El-Sayed; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| Using phosphorescence microwave double resonance techniques, the type of distortion and the orientation of the magnetic axes are determined for triplet coronene molecules in different Shpol'skii sites in n-heptane single crystals at 1.6 K. Coronene triplet molecules in different sites are found to differ one from another not only in orientation but also in the degree and the sense (quinoidal vs. antiquinoidal) of the distortion of the hexagonal coronene structure. ... |
|
| Combustion Properties of High-Density Fuels. |
JAN 1977 |
|
| Authors:
M. Thomas McCall; John M. Brupbacher; MARTIN MARIETTA LABS BALTIMORE MD
|
| For tactical systems operating within the atmosphere, ramjet propulsion offers significant advantages over conventional rocket propulsion systems (i.e., those which carry both fuel and oxidizer). The principal advantages -- increased range or greater payload at fixed range -- result from the intrinsic high specific impulse (Isp) associated with ramjets, which only need to carry fuel (the oxidizer being obtained from the atmosphere) for their propulsion. |
|
| Piezo-Optic Properties of Liquids under High Pressure. |
15 DEC 1976 |
|
| Authors:
K. Vedam; PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV UNIVERSITY PARK MATERIALS RESEARCH LAB
|
| A high pressure liquid cell interferometer to measure the variation of refractive index of liquids with pressure to 14 kbars is described. The amount of liquid needed is only 3 c.c. Interferometric measurements on a number of liquids, at high pressure show (i) first experimental proof that the Eulerian frame-indifferent analogue strain E is a more useful strain measure than the Lagrangian strain, (ii) Keane's equation of state best describes ... |
|
| Effects of Contaminated Supply Air on Purity of Breathing Oxygen Generated by Fluomine. |
DEC 1976 |
|
| Authors:
Leonard J. Luskus; Herman J. Kilian; SCHOOL OF AEROSPACE MEDICINE BROOKS AFB TEX
|
| Air used to supply oxygen to the fluomine bed of a model Open Loop Oxygen Generating System (OLOGS) was adulterated with various contaminants to study their effect on performance of the fluomine chemical and purity of the oxygen product. Contaminants investigated were water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, benzene, n-heptane, ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, Freon 12, and nitrogen dioxide. No deleterious effect on fluomine chemical was observed at the contaminant concentration used ... |
|
| Pro-static Agents in Jet Fuels |
16 AUG 1976 |
39 pages |
| Authors:
J. T. Leonard; H. F. Bogardus; NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC
|
| The effects of a wide variety of polar compounds and fuel additives on both the electrical conductivity and electrostatic charging tendency of both silica gel treated n-heptane and Jet A fuels have been examined. Conductivity was determined by ASTM D3114 and charging tendency by measuring the current developed as the hydrocarbon liquid passed through an electrically isolated filter holder containing a paper, fiberglass or teflon screen filter. Of all the ... |
|
| Viscosity Measurements of Potential High Density Hydrocarbon Fuel Blends. |
JUN 1976 |
|
| Authors:
Herbert R. Lander Jr.; Alfred E. Strouse; AIR FORCE AERO PROPULSION LAB WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO
|
| The principle problems associated with the use of RJ-5 (Shelldyne-H) as a missile fuel is its high viscosity, particularly at 0 F and below. Chemically, this material can be described as the hydrogenated dimer of norbornadiene (HNBD). Using the Model 17 Weissenberg Rheogoniometer, the viscosity of pure RJ-5 and blends of RJ-5 and other hydrocarbons was determined over a temperature range from -65 F to + 70 F. The hydrocarbons ... |
|
| Effect of Morphology on Catalytic Activity: Hydrocarbon Reforming Reactions on Platinum Crystal Surfaces. |
30 APR 1976 |
|
| Authors:
G. A. Somorjai; E. E. Petersen; CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY DEPT OF CHEMISTRY
|
| During the last 50 years, one of the objectives of heterogeneous catalysis research has been to identify the surface atoms, the active sites, which catalyze each step in a reaction of interest. In general, the technique used is to vary the surface structure of the catalyst in a systematic way, and to observe the changes in activity and selectivity that may result. Three forms of metal catalysts have been used ... |
|
| Hydrocarbons Identified in Extracts from Estuarine Water Accommodated Number 2 Fuel Oil by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry |
04 SEP 74 |
10 pages |
| Authors:
Beverley W. Lewis; Ann L. Walker; Rudolf H. Bieri; NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION HAMPTON VA LANGLEY RESEARCH CEN TER
|
| This data report presents the results of a computerized gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analysis of methylene chloride and n-heptane extracts of a No. 2 fuel oil accommodated estuarine water sample. The analytical method is briefly described and the limitations on the identifications are categorized. Some attempt was made to determine major and trace constituents in the water accommodate. Altogether 66 hydrocarbon compounds were identified specifically and 75 compounds were partially identified. ... |
|
| RESEARCH IN FLUORO-NITRO COMPOUNDS |
DEC 1961 |
|
| Authors:
K. BAUM; AEROJET-GENERAL CORP AZUSA CA
|
| The reaction of methallylacetone with difluoramine in sulfuric acid gave 2,5,5-trimethyl-2(difluoramino)tetrahydrofuran. Methyl acrylate gave methyl beta-difluoraminopropionate. 3-Methyl-2-pentanone, n-heptaldehyde and 2,7octanedione gave the expected gem-difluoramines. Fluorination of aqueous methylene- and ethylenedicarbamates gave a mixture of products. Ethyl difluoraminomethylcarbamate and ethylbeta-difluoraminoethyl-fluorocarbamate respectively, were the main reaction products. N,N'Difluoro derivatives were also obtained in both cases. Fluorination of aqueous methylenediacetamide and methylenediformamide yielded only trace amounts of bis-(difluoramino)methane. Fluorination of allyl- and arylureas ... |
|
| PURIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY MEMBRANE PERMEATION |
15 SEP 1961 |
|
| Authors:
John L. Eisenmann; IONICS INC CAMBRIDGE MASS
|
| Liquid-phase membrane permeation is being studied for use in separating organic mixtures. The investigation will attempt to correlate the effects of operating variables and film composition upon the permeability of molecules of different sizes, shapes, and chemical nature and also to determine the factors most effecting selectivity of films. Thin plastic or polymeric films will be used for the membrane. The removal of the charges which permeates will be effected ... |
|
| THE STRUCTURE OF LINEAR POLYMERS LOWER N-HYDROCARBONS |
SEP 1961 |
|
| Authors:
NICO NORMAN; HANS MATHISEN; CENTRAL INST FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH OSLO (NORWAY)
|
| Final refinements of the crystal structures of n octane, n hexane, and n pentane were carried out. In the case of n pentane the space group proved to be Pbcn. Further refinements of the (yz)-projection of the n heptane structure were performed, including several cycles of least squares. This structure was also basically solved in the (xz)-projection and so the mode of packing was elucidated. In addition, a redetermination of ... |
|
| RESEARCH STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE PURIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
18 APR 1961 |
|
| Authors:
ROBERT F. SWEENY; Arthur Rose; APPLIED SCIENCE LABS INC STATE COLLEGE PA
|
|
Reports by Keyword(s)
HEPTANES
