| The Interpretation of Motionally Induced Electric Fields in Oceans of Complex Geometry |
01-Oct-2008 |
192 pages |
| Authors:
Zoltan B Szuts; WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
|
 | Sea water moving through the earth's magnetic field induces electric currents in the ocean, and in general their distribution depends on the 3D structure of the ocean and its surroundings. Although velocity is traditionally calculated from measurements of the electric field with a one-dimensional relationship in the vertical, higher dimension processes are expected near steep topography or in energetic and variable flows. The observational capabilities of recently developed electric field ... |
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| Global MHD Test Particle Simulations of >10 MeV Radiation Belt Electrons During Sudden Storm Commencement |
22 SEP 2007 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
B. T. Kress; M. K. Hudson; M. D. Looper; J. Albert; J. G. Lyon; C. C. Goodrich; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| Prior to 2003, there are two known cases where ultrarelativistic (>or~ 10MeV) electrons appeared in the Earth's inner zone radiation belts in association with high speed interplanetary shocks: the 24 March 1991 and the less well-studied 21 February 1994 storms. During the March 1991 event electrons were injected well into the inner zone on a timescale of minutes, producing a new stably trapped radiation belt population that persisted for ~10 ... |
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| Vector Fluxgate Magnetometer (VMAG) Development for DSX |
02 JUL 2007 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
Mark B. Moldwin; CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES INST OF GEOPHYSICS AND PLANETARY PHYSICS
|
| UCLA is building a three-axis fluxgate magnetometer for the AFRL-mission. The instrument is designed to measure the medium-Earth orbit geomagnetic field with precision of 0.1 nT and provide the field direction to within 1 degree. The instrument will provide the DC magnetic field for phase space density calculations of energetic particles, the magnetic field vector information for the Loss Cone Imager (LCI) payload, and the ULF wave environment. The project ... |
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| Thermospheric Space Weather Modeling |
JUN 2007 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
Frank A. Marcos; William J. Burke; Shu T. Lai; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| We review impacts of satellite drag and describe past, current and future capabilities designed to meet evolving operational requirements. Historically, thermospheric research has been data starved. Thus, from the early space age to the end of the 20th century little progress was made in satellite-drag modeling. This condition improved greatly with the development of empirical assimilative models and recent availability of comprehensive drag measurements. With the new Jacchia-Bowman 2006 model ... |
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| A Space-Based Proxy for the Dst Index |
18 MAY 2007 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
F. J. Rich; J. M. Bono; W. J. Burke; L. C. Gentile; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| The Dst index was created to monitor and quantify disturbances in the inner magnetosphere using ground-based, magnetic field measurements. The phases and strengths of geomagnetic storms are usually defined by the evolution of Dst. The standard Dst database is computed and maintained at the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. We demonstrate that the Dst index can also be approximated using magnetometers on spacecraft in near-Earth orbit. Measurements used in ... |
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| Assessment of the Impact of Various Ionospheric Models on High-Frequency Signal Raytracing |
MAR 2007 |
84 pages |
| Authors:
Joshua T. Werner; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
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| An assessment of the impact of various ionospheric models on high-frequency (HF) signal raytracing is presented. Ionospheric refraction can strongly affect the propagation of HF signals. Consequently, Department of Defense missions such as over-the-horizon RADAR, HF communications, and geo-location all depend on an accurate specification of the ionosphere. Five case studies explore ionospheric conditions ranging from quiet conditions to solar flares and geomagnetic storms. It is shown that an E ... |
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| Holes: Ionospheric Scintillation, GPS and Imputation |
MAR 2007 |
102 pages |
| Authors:
Robert A. Steenburgh; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT/DEPT OF ENGINEERING PHYSICS
|
| Ionospheric scintillation of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals threatens navigation and military operations by degrading performance or making GPS unavailable. Scintillation is particularly active, although not limited to, a belt encircling the earth within +/- 20 degrees of the geomagnetic equator. This belt also hosted roughly half of the completed U.S. military operations in the last decade. The authors examined scintillation data from Ascension Island, United Kingdom, and Ancon, Peru, ... |
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| Artificial Ionospheric Turbulence and Radio Wave Propagation (Sura - HAARP) |
01 NOV 2006 |
164 pages |
| Authors:
Vladimir L. Frolov; RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NIZHNY NOVGOROD RADIO PHYSICAL RESEARCH INST
|
| This report results from a contract tasking Radio Physical Research Institute (NIRFI) as follows: The objectives of the project were: (i) integrated experimental, theoretical and computer simulation studies of non-linear plasma phenomena, produced in the upper ionosphere by powerful HF radiation and giving rise to plasma density irregularities with a wide range of cross-field (relatively to geomagnetic field lines) scales from centimeters to tens of kilometers, (ii) investigation of an ... |
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| International Heliophysical Year SCINDA Workshop/Abstract |
01 OCT 2006 |
35 pages |
| Authors:
Abebe Kebede; Jyoti Nair; NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL AND TECHNICAL SATE UNIV GREENSBORO DEPT OF PHYSICS
|
| The first Heliophysical Year International SCINDA Workshop was held at Sal, Cape Verde, during the period of July 10-14, 2006. This 5-day workshop was organized by Air Force Research Laboratory, NC A&T State University, the and Instituto Nacional De Metereologica E Geofisica Republico De Cabo Verde (INMG). Representatives from Nigeria, Ethiopia, Cape-Verde, Cote D Ivoire, Malaysia and Congo Brazzaville participated in the workshop. The overall goals of the workshop were ... |
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| Direction Finding Errors Induced by Plasmawaves of the Ionosphere |
01 JUN 2006 |
27 pages |
| Authors:
Stefan Hawlitschka; FGAN-FKIE WACHTBERG (GERMANY)
|
| A super-resolution high frequency (HF) direction finding (DF) system has been used to measure the temporal characteristics of mid-latitude ionospheric irregularities. By analysis of the log power spectrum of the temporal profiles they are classified into six classes: (1) traveling wave packets (TWPs), (2) wave trains (WTs), (3) large-scale traveling disturbances at the terminator (TLSTIDs), (4) interference of different waves (IDW), (5) chaos and (6) quiet state. Their occurrence is ... |
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| GPS Users Positioning Errors during Disturbed Near-Earth Space Conditions |
01 JUN 2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
E. L. Afraimovich; V. V. Demyanov; P. V. Tatarinov; E. I. Astafieva; I. V. Zhivetiev; RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IRKUTSK (RUSSIA)
|
| Operation quality of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) appreciably depends on condition of the near-Earth space environment. Afraimovich et al. (GPS Solutions, 2003, V7, N2, 109) showed, that during geomagnetic disturbances in the near space deterioration of GNSS operation quality is appeared and, as consequence, reduction of positioning accuracy and occurrence of failures in definition of ground based users coordinates are observed. Application of GNSS for the decision of ... |
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| Observations of the Tongue of Ionization with GPS TEC and SuperDARN |
01-Jun-2006 |
45 pages |
| Authors:
Anthea Coster; M Colerico; J C Foster; J M Ruohoniemi; HAYSTACK OBSERVATORY WESTFORD MA
|
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| Morphological Characteristics of L-Band Scintillations and Their Impact on GPS Signals - A Quantitative Study on the Precursors for the Occurrence of Scintillations |
01 JUN 2006 |
80 pages |
| Authors:
P. V. Rao; S. T. Ram; S. G. Krishua; K. Niranjan; D. S. Prasad; ANDHRA UNIV VISHAKHAPATNAM (INDIA) DEPT OF PHYSICS
|
| The scintillation data (S4-index) at the L-band frequency of 1.575 GHz recorded from 18 GPS receivers installed at different locations in India under the GAGAN project has given an unique opportunity, for the first time in the Indian region, to make a simultaneous study of spatio-temporal and intensity characteristics of the trans-ionospheric scintillations during the low sunspot activity (LSSA) period from January 2004 to July 2005. During this period the ... |
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| Large-Scale Plasma Structure in the Polar and Auroral Ionosphere: Experimental Observations and Modelling |
01 JUN 2006 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
S. E. Pryse; H. R. Middleton; K. L. Dewis; A. G. Wood; E. L. Whittick; R. L. Balthazor; UNIVERSITY COLL OF WALES ABERYSTWYTH
|
| Radiotomography provides observations of ionospheric electron density structure on horizontal scales of tens to hundreds of kilometres. Routine measurements over extended periods of time and geographic areas have the potential for parameterising the structure of the polar and auroral ionosphere. Averaged electron densities characteristic of different ionospheric features, locations, local times, Universal Times, seasons, geomagnetic activity and solar conditions can be compared with ionospheric models and used to test and ... |
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| Characterization of the Ionosphere over the South Atlantic Ocean by Means of Ionospheric Tomography using Dual Frequency GPS Signals Received On Board a Research Ship |
JUN 2006 |
19 pages |
| Authors:
Pierre J. Cilliers; Cathryn N. Mitchell; Ben D. Opperman; HERMANUS MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY (SOUTH AFRICA)
|
| This paper reports a novel approach to extend the coverage of terrestrial ionospheric measurements over a poorly characterized region of the South Atlantic Ocean, including the South Atlantic Anomaly, by using dual frequency GPS signals received on board the South African polar research ship SA Agulhas. The routes of the SA Agulhas to the South Atlantic Islands, Gough (40 deg 17 sec S, 9 deg 58 sec W, Mag lat ... |
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| The AFRL Auroral Boundary Algorithm |
30 JAN 2006 |
46 pages |
| Authors:
M. P. Hagen; E. G. Holeman; W. J. Burke; F. J. Rich; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| The AFRL algorithm obtains equatorward boundaries of auroral precipitation from electron fluxes measured by SSJ sensors on DMSP satellites. Gussenhoven and coworkers provided the empirical basis for the algorithm, showing that auroral boundaries correlate linearly with the Kp geomagnetic index. This report describes (a) the DMSP database, (b) derived statistical parameters, (c) tests performed on these statistics, and (d) the utility of test results. We illustrate the algorithm's method of ... |
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| Energetic Outer Zone Electron Loss Timescales During Low Geomagnetic Activity |
2006 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Nigel P. Meredith; Richard B. Horne; Sarah A. Glauert; Richard M. Thorne; Danny Summers; Jay M. Albert; Roger R. Anderson; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| Following enhanced magnetic activity the fluxes of energetic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt gradually decay to quiet-time levels. We use CRRES observations to estimate the energetic electron loss timescales and to identify the principal loss mechanisms. Gradual loss of energetic electrons in the region 3.0 |
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| The 1859 Space Weather Event: Then and Now |
2006 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
E. W. Cliver; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| The 1859 space weather event, combining the first solar flare ever reported with arguably the largest geomagnetic storm ever observed, provided a dramatic opening to a new area of Sun-Earth studies. Here I describe solar science at the time of the discovery of the flare, recount the observation, and trace the developments that led to the correct interpretation of the 1859 solar-errestrial event by Bartels in 1937. A "fast forward" ... |
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| Introduction to Violent Sun-Earth Connection Events of October-November 2003 |
30 SEP 2005 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
N. Gopalswamy; L. Barbieri; E. W. Cliver; G. Lu; S. P. Plunkett; R. M. Skoug; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| The violent solar eruptions of October-November 2003 are one of the best observed outbreaks of intense solar activity to date. These events, referred to as the Halloween storms, are extreme events in terms of both their source properties at the Sun and their heliospheric consequences. The plasma, particle, and electromagnetic consequences of these events were detected at several locations in the heliosphere thanks to the distributed network of spacecraft. Disturbances ... |
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| Overview of the Equatorial Electrojet and Related Ionospheric Current Systems |
24 AUG 2005 |
75 pages |
| Authors:
John P. Casey; NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIV NEWPORT RI
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| The equatorial electrojet (EEJ) is an intense electric current that flows in the ionosphere in a narrow zone above the magnetic dip equator during the daytime. The electrojet current produces a large enhancement of the surface component of the geomagnetic field at and in the vicinity of the dip equator. The EEJ is most intense around local noontime and appears to be more stable than other ionospheric current systems. This ... |
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| Physics-Based Neutral Density Model |
14 JUN 2005 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
Tim Fuller-Rowell; COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER
|
| A data assimilation system for specifying the thermospheric developed over the last several years. The particular benefit creation of a data assimilation system that makes use of a physical model, the Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere Model (CTIM) (Fuller-Rowell et al. 1996). The advantage of the physical model, CTIM, over empirical models comes from its ability to represent unclimatological features that are often present during geomagnetic storm conditions. A physical model, like CTIM, ... |
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| Development of a Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F-15 Disturbance Storm-Time (Dst) Index |
MAR 2005 |
78 pages |
| Authors:
James M. Bono; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| As the DoD's use of space and space assets increases, so does its need for timely and accurate predictions of space weather conditions. A good understanding of the data from satellites together with data from ground stations can help model and determine variations in the space environment. An accurate, real-time Disturbance storm-time (Dst) index would be a primary input into current and future space weather models The Dst index is ... |
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| The 1859 Solar-Terrestrial Disturbance and the Current Limits of Extreme Space Weather Activity |
08 OCT 2004 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
E. W. Cliver; L. Svalgaard; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE WEATHER CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
|
| It is generally appreciated that the September 1859 solar-terrestrial disturbance, the first recognized space weather event, was exceptionally large. How large and how exceptional? To answer these questions, we compiled rank order lists of the various measures of solar-induced disturbance for events from 1859 to the present. The parameters considered included: magnetic crochet amplitude, solar energetic proton fluence (McCracken et al., 2001a), Sun-Earth disturbance transit time, geomagnetic storm intensity, and ... |
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| The Use of Geophysical Data in Studies of the Historical Solar-Terrestrial Environment |
29 SEP 2004 |
12 pages |
| Authors:
M. A. Shea; D. F. Smart; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| Recent studies of the solar-terrestrial environment for the past 500 years have necessitated the use of a variety of historical databases: nitrates in ice cores, knowledge of large volcanic eruptions, sunspot numbers, mid-latitude aurora, and geomagnetic records. The nitrate data are being used to identify large solar proton fluence events. The volcanic records help to provide time markers for the ice core. The records of major geomagnetic storms and mid-latitude ... |
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| Estimating Equatorial F-Region Daytime Vertical E x B Drift Velocities from Ground-Based Magnetometer Measurements in the Philippine Longitude Sector |
JUN 2004 |
99 pages |
| Authors:
Shauna M. Kinkela; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Ionospheric disturbances can severely impact Department of Defense (DoD) systems, such as radar, satellite and navigation technologies. Forecasting disturbances and describing the Earth's ionosphere, in turn, relies upon innovative computer-based models that gather input parameters from ground and space-borne observations and empirical models for ionospheric drivers. Equatorial E x B drift velocities are significant input parameters that go into many ionospheric models, because they help describe vertical plasma motions near ... |
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| Unusual Ionospheric Echoes with Velocity and Very Low Special Width Observed by the SuperDARN Radars in the Polar Cap During High Geomagnetic Activity |
26 FEB 2004 |
16 pages |
| Authors:
Nozomu Nishitani; Mark Lester; Steve E. Milan; Tadahiko Ogawa; Natsuo Sato; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE WEATHER CENTER OF EXCELLENCE
|
| The spectral width of the ionospheric backscatter echoes obtained with the SuperDARN radars has been regarded as a useful tool for locating specific ionospheric regions such as the cusp. In this paper we report the presence of ionospheric echoes with high (>450 m/s) Doppler velocity and very low (<60 m/s) spectral width, observed by the CUTLASS and Syowa East and South SuperDARN radars. These echoes have the following characteristics. (1) ... |
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| Thermospheric Infrared Radiance Response to the April 2002 Geomagnetic Storm from SABER Infrared and GUVI Ultraviolet Limb Data |
2004 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
Jeremy R. Winick; M. G. Mlynczak; P. P. Wintersteiner; F. J. Martin-Torres; R. H. Picard; L. Paxton; M. Lopez-Puertas; J. M. Russell; A. Christensen; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| The SABER instrument on TIMED continuously measures certain infrared limb radiance profiles with unprecedented sensitivity. Among these are emissions of CO2 v3 at 4.3 micrometers, routinely recorded to tangent heights of ^140-150 km, and NO at 5.3 micrometers, seen to above 200 km. Both of these are greatly enhanced during periods of strong auroral activity, when they can be measured to 200 km and 300 km, respectively. We use these ... |
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| Electron Density in the Magnetosphere |
2004 |
15 pages |
| Authors:
R. E. Denton; J. D. Menietti; J. Goldstein; S. L. Young; R. R. Anderson; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| Observations of the electron density n(sub e) based on measurement of the upper hybrid resonance frequency by the Polar spacecraft Plasma Wave Instrument (PWI) are available for March 1996 to September 1997, during which time the Polar orbit sampled all MLT values three times. In a previous study, we modeled the electron density dependence along field lines as n(sub e) = n(sub e) o(R(sub max/R)(exp alpha), where n(exp e)O is ... |
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| Use of Current Data Sets to Depict and Forecast Heliospheric Structure at Earth |
05 DEC 2003 |
38 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard V. Jackson; CALIFORNIA UNIV SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCES
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| Solar disturbances produce major effects in the corona, its extension into the interplanetary medium, and ultimately, the Earth's environment. The ability to forecast the arrival at Earth of these disturbances and to determine their effects on the geospace environment is of primary interest to the Air Force, which communicates through and maintains satellites within this environment. It is now understood that the largest of these disturbances, called coronal mass ejections ... |
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| Characterization of the Large-Scale Solar Corona |
05 NOV 2003 |
13 pages |
| Authors:
J. Brosius; CATHOLIC UNIV OF AMERICA WASHINGTON DCDEPT OF PHYSICS
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| Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun constitute one of the primary causes of geomagnetic storms. CMEs also drive shocks, which in turn accelerate solar energetic particles (SEPs) that pose radiation hazards for technological systems in space. With support from AFOSR, researchers from the Catholic University developed an empirical CME arrival (ECA) model that takes as input the CME speed from coronagraph observations and outputs the arrival time of CMEs ... |
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| User's Manual for SAG-2 SHARC/SAMM Atmosphere Generator |
14 OCT 2003 |
60 pages |
| Authors:
Robert M. Shroll; Steven Adler-Golden; James W. Duff; James H. Brown; SPECTRAL SCIENCES INC BURLINGTON MA
|
| The SHARC Atmosphere Generator (SAG) is a stand-alone, interactive program that utilizes a combination of empirical models to generate atmospheric profiles for Air Force IR radiation codes that account for systematic variability of the atmosphere, including solar terminator effects. Using information on the day of the year, local time, solar and geomagnetic activity indices, etc., SAG reasonably models the variabilities in temperature and CO2, O3, OH, NO3, H2O and O ... |
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| Investigating the Effect of Natural and Technogenic Atmospheric Disturbances of the Northern Hemisphere on the Electromagnetic Environment in the Antarctic (P-072) |
JUL 2003 |
138 pages |
| Authors:
Yuri Yampolski; UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES KHARKOV INST OF RADIO ASTRONOMY
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| This report results from a contract tasking National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine as follows: The Project is aimed at studying the effect of high-energy natural and/or technogenic processes in the Northern hemisphere in the electromagnetic conditions of the Antarctic region. The observations are to be held at the Ukrainian 'Antarctic base (UAB) Academician Vemadsky' at 65 S, 64 W. The Antarctic is known to be the only continent ... |
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| Multipoint Observations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles |
31 MAY 2003 |
8 pages |
| Authors:
W. J. Burke; C. Y. Huang; C. E. Valladares; J. S. Machuzak; L. C. Gentile; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| This paper compares evening sector measurements by the Jicamarca unattended long-term studies of the ionosphere and atmosphere (JULIA) radar, the Ancon scintillation monitor, and plasma density sensors on Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites. During more than half of the 110 nights of JULIA operations in 1998 and 1999, backscatter was observed from plumes extending above the layer of bottomside spread F. On 98% of the nights with no plumes, ... |
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| The Local Time Dependence of the Anisotropic Solar Cosmic Ray Flux |
2003 |
7 pages |
| Authors:
D. F. Smart; M. A. Shea; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA
|
| The distribution of the solar cosmic radiation flux over the earth is not uniform, but the result of complex phenomena involving the interplanetary magnetic field, the geomagnetic field and latitude and longitude of locations on the earth. The latitude effect relates to the geomagnetic shield; the longitude effect relates to local time. For anisotropic solar cosmic ray events the maximum particle flux is always along the interplanetary magnetic field direction, ... |
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| Real-Time Specifications of the Geospace Environment |
2003 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
Y. Kamide; E. A. Kihn; A. J. Ridley; E. W. Cliver; Y. Kadowaki; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| We report the recent progress in our joint program of real-time mapping of ionospheric electric fields and currents and field-aligned currents through the Geospace Environment Data Analysis System (GEDAS) at the Solar- Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and similar computer systems in the world. Data from individual ground magnetometers as well as from the solar wind are collected by these systems and are used as input for the KRM and AMIE magnetogram-inversion ... |
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| HAARP Diagnostic Instruments; High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program |
DEC 2002 |
71 pages |
| Authors:
Paul A. Kossey; James C. Battis; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| This report describes the suite of diagnostic instruments at a major facility for experimental radio science research, under development in Gakona, Alaska. This site is being developed as part of the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP). A key objective of the program is the identification and characterization of the physical processes initiated in the ionosphere and space via interactions with high power radio waves. Among these phenomena are: ... |
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| Studies of Ionospheric Structures and Their Effects on Systems |
16 SEP 2002 |
201 pages |
| Authors:
Cesar E. Valladares; M. P. Hagan; Robert Sheehan; Eileen MacKenzie; BOSTON COLL CHESTNUT HILL MA INST FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
|
| This is a comprehensive investigation of the basic ionospheric processes which produce plasma density structuring. The emphasis of the research efforts was on understanding the formation and evolution of large-scale structures and the embedded km-scale irregularities that disrupt world-wide Air Force communication and navigation systems. Measurement of the temporal variability of a Sun-aligned arc electrodynamics was conducted with the Sondrestrom radar. It was demonstrated experimentally that traveling convection vortices and ... |
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| Climatological Fit to the Ionospheric Parameters f0F2 and hmF2 for the High Latitude Stations at Sondrestrom, Greenland, and Qaanaaq, Greenland |
11 JUL 2002 |
23 pages |
| Authors:
Balkrishna S. Dandekar; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| Ionospheric data from the high latitude stations Sondrestrom, Greenland, and Qaanaaq, Greenland, for a period of 8 years, covering a good range of solar cycle variation, are used to derive empirical algorithms for the prediction of foF2 and hmF2. The algorithm connects these two parameters with diurnal, seasonal, 90-day averaged solar flux at 2800 MHz and the planetary geomagnetic activity index Kp. The Sondrestrom station sees foF2 inhancement due to ... |
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| Atmospheric Density Dynamics and the Motion of Satellites |
2002 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
chris Sabol; K. K. Luu; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB KIHEI MAUI HI DETACHMENT 15
|
| Atmospheric density modeling has long been one of the greatest uncertainties in the dynamics of low Earth satellite orbits. Accurate density calculations are required to provide meaningful estimates of the atmospheric drag perturbing satellite motion. These effects increase with lower altitude orbits and also with higher effective area and lower mass satellites. Both of these conditions are usually met by the new class of small satellites being developed around the ... |
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| Summary of LARC Particle Asymptotic Changes From Geomagnetic Reference Field Models: 1955 to 1995 |
2002 |
14 pages |
| Authors:
M. Storini; D. F. Smart; M. A. Shea; AIR FORCE RESEARCH LAB HANSCOM AFB MA SPACE VEHICLES DIRECTORATE
|
| A high-order (10th) mathematical model for the quiescent geomagnetic field from Epoch 1955.0 to Epoch 1995.0 was used to calculate the asymptotic directions of vertically incident cosmic ray particles at the LARC location (62 deg 12' 09" S - 58 deg 57' 42" W, South Shetlands King George Island, Fildes Bay Ardley Cove, 40 m a.s.l.). The digital computer-based studies were made at spaced intervals of rigidity in a wide ... |
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| Magnetic Fields and Breast Cancer Risk |
OCT 2001 |
17 pages |
| Authors:
John Peters; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
|
| We completed enrollment of subjects on September 30, 2000 for our nested case-control study of the association between magnetic field and breast cancer risk among a group of predominantly African-American and Latino women in Los Angeles County. The research questions remain as follows: Primary 1.) Is residential exposure to magnetic fields, as assessed by wiring configuration coding in homes occupied over the past 10 years before diagnosis, associated with the ... |
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| Validation and Assessment of DMSP Electron Temperatures in the Topside Ionosphere |
MAR 2001 |
113 pages |
| Authors:
Bradford S. Green; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
|
| Geomagnetic disturbances in the near earth space environment can adversely affect numerous military and Department of Defense (DoD) systems and operations. To improve the prediction accuracy of such disturbances, the next generation of space environment forecast models aims to automatically ingest real-time ionospheric measurements. This research validates and assesses one such measurement - the Defense Military Satellite Program (DMSP) measured electron temperature (T(sub e)). DMSP T(sub e), data were validated ... |
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| MAGSONDE: A Device for Making Angular Measurements on Spinning Projectiles with Magnetic Sensors |
DEC 2000 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
Thomas E. Harkins; David J. Hepner; ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
|
| Accurate measurement of angular motion of spinning bodies with on- board sensors has long been recognized as a daunting task. Recent advances in magnetic sensor technologies have yielded devices small enough, rugged enough, and sensitive enough to be useful in systems that make high-speed, high- resolution measurements of attitude relative to magnetic fields when these sensors are installed on free- flying bodies. |
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| The Solar Mass Ejection Imager Optics and Baffles - Design and Construction |
15 NOV 2000 |
48 pages |
| Authors:
Bernard V. Jackson; Andrew Buffington; P. P. Hick; CALIFORNIA UNIV REGENTS SANTA BARBARA OFFICE OF RESEARCH
|
| The purpose of SMEI is a proof-of-concept of the ability to predict geomagnetic disturbances for Air Force space operations and to establish the feasibility of tracking interplanetary disturbances from the Sun to the Earth and beyond. The major subsystems of SMEI are an electronic Camera Assembly, a Data Handling Unit and interconnection harnesses. Each electronic Camera component consists of a baffle, radiator, bright object sensor, strongbox (CCD, mirrors and shutter) ... |
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| Large-Scale Chains in the Solar Atmosphere and their Relation to Coronal Mass Ejections (CD-ROM) |
03 OCT 2000 |
|
| Authors:
Llia M. Chertok; RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES TROITSK INST OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM IONOSPHEREAND RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION
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 | ELECTRONIC FILE CHARACTERISTICS: 1494 files; text, video, and image; MS Word (.DOC), HTML, (.TXT), (.MPG), (.GIF), and JPEG (.JPG). PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: 1 computer laser optical disc (CD-ROM); 4 3/4 in.; 87.3 MB. SYSTEMS DETAIL NOTE: IBM-clone PC-compatible. ABSTRACT: This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN) as follows: The contractor will investigate relationships between the large- scale chains and CMEs using ... |
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| Magnetic Fields and Breast Cancer Risk |
OCT 2000 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
John M. Peters; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
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| We completed enrollment of subjects on September 30, 2000 for our nested case-control study of the association between magnetic field and breast cancer risk among a group of predominantly African-American and Latino women in Los Angeles County. The research questions remain as follows: Primary 1.) Is residential exposure to magnetic fields, as assessed by wiring configuration coding in homes occupied over the past 10 years before diagnosis, associated with the ... |
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| Dawn/Dusk Dropouts Due to Storms/Substorms Near the Outer Radiation Belt: Observations From CRRESS |
20 SEP 2000 |
11 pages |
| Authors:
C. G. Mouikis; A. Korth; R. W. Friedel; J. Fennel; AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA LAB OPERATIONS
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| We investigate particle dropout events from the dawn flank of the magnetosphere as observed from a variety of instruments on board the CRRES satellite. All dropouts are observed at magnetic latitudes more than 100 above the magnetic equator. Plasma and energetic electron and ion data help us establish the boundary regimes being sampled. During these events, the magnetic field shows a dramatic change in the ... |
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| R/V Seward Johnson Cruise 9908: Cruise Report and Preliminary Results |
AUG 2000 |
69 pages |
| Authors:
T. B. Sanford; M. D. Allison; J. H. Dunlap; UNIV OF WASHINGTON SEATTLE APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
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| Seawater moving through the Earth's magnetic field generates electric and magnetic fields. This phenomenon is often called motional induction. Previous studies have shown that these motional electric fields can be measured and interpreted in terms of the ocean's velocity field. This report presents results from tests of two instruments that observe motionally induced electric fields in the sea. One, the Towed Transport Meter (TTM), observes three ... |
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| Proposal Coupling of Earth's Magnetosphere and Ionosphere in a Realistic Magnetic Field |
MAY 2000 |
4 pages |
| Authors:
Tian-Sen Huang; Philippe Le-Sager; Yuri V. Petrov; PRAIRIE VIEW A AND M UNIV TX
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| This was a two part performance proposal consisting of (1) Completion of a computer simulation code to model the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling in a realistic magnetic field; (2) development of a new plasma kinetic theory, the guiding field line approximation, and application of it to the calculation of plasma current in a steady state. We started with the ionospheric electrodynamics for a realistic magnetic field to solve Vasyliunas' ... |
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| Validation of the Ionospheric Forecast Model (IFM) |
MAR 2000 |
109 pages |
| Authors:
Michael D. Scott; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
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| The purpose of this research was to validate the Ionospheric Forecast Model (IFM) Version 3 to assess its suitability and usefulness as an operational tool. The Ionospheric forecast model is a first principles computer model designed to forecast the state of the global ionosphere to 24 hours. The scope was limited to a comparison of the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) and peak electron density (hmF2) against ... |
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