| Disruption of Gas Exchange Following Exposure to the Chemical Threat Agent Phosgene: Implications for Human Performance |
AUG 2001 |
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| Authors:
Alfred M. Sciuto; Theodore S. Moran; Arnit Narula; Jeffry A. Forster; James A. Romano Jr.; ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INST OF CHEMICAL DEFENSE ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD
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 | The use of chemical warfare agents, such as the pulmonary irritant gas phosgene (CO), is a real and constant threat not only from belligerent nations, but from terrorist groups as well. CO is both easy and inexpensive to produce and as such is a potential candidate for use as a threat agent. Phosgene attacks the deep lung following inhalation and can severely compromise pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange, rendering the ... |
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| The Effects of Differing Glycemic Index Meals on Substrate Utilization and Endurance Performance |
20 OCT 95 |
56 pages |
| Authors:
Steve E. Black; AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH
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 | Few studies have investigated the effects of pre-exercise meals with differing glycemic responses on substrate utilization and endurance performance in subsequent exercise. Those few which have been done have looked at foods of limited application to a pre-exercise meal consumed prior to a morning event. This study investigated the effects of commonly eaten breakfast cereals on exercise performance. Ten physically active male subjects participated in this study. The subjects reported ... |
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| Dietary Effects on Exercising Muscle Metabolism and Performance by 31P- MRS |
28 JUL 94 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
D. E. Larson; Robert L. Hesslink; Robert S. Pozos; Rudolf A. Wiley; Mirko I. Hrovat; NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA
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| To determine how diet modulates short-term exercise capacity, skeletal muscle pH, and bioenergetic state were examined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in nine healthy volunteers. Subjects performed incremental quadriceps exercise to exhaustion following 5 day of high-CHO (HCHO) or high-fat (HFAT) diet which were randomly assigned in cross-over fashion and separated by a 2.5 day period of ad libitum mixed diet. Simultaneous measurements were made of pulmonary gas exchange, minute ... |
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| Field Management of Accidental Hypothermia during Diving |
JAN 90 |
29 pages |
| Authors:
John A. Sterba; NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA CITY FL
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| Hypothermia of both the extremities and the body core continues to be a major problem in cold water diving. Presently, extremity hypothermia of the hands limits cold water diving exposure more so than body core hypothermia. Painful or numb fingers decrease dexterity, safety, work capacity, and increase the risk of developing nonfreezing cold injury (NFCI), which is reviewed. Levels of body core hypothermia, based on rectal core temperature, are mild ... |
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| A Study to Define the Optimal Jet Ventilator Settings for a Nerve Agent Casualty |
MAY 89 |
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| Authors:
Gilbert G. Berdine; TEXAS A AND M RESEARCH FOUNDATION COLLEGE STATION
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| This project evaluated the likely effects of different jet ventilation settings on gas exchange in adult humans incapacitated by chemical warfare agents. Several effects of ventilator settings were characterized: tidal volume delivery; effect of variable respiratory loads on tidal volume delivery; differences between jet ventilation using a cuffed endotracheal tube and the proposed cricothyroid cannula; blood gases; and subjective patient comfort, Gas exchange is more efficient for a given minute ... |
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| Application of High Frequency Ventilation to Treatment of Chemical Warfare Casualties: Animal and Theoretical Studies (Application of High Frequency Transtracheal Jet Ventilation to Treatment of Chemical Warfare Casualties) |
AUG 87 |
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| Authors:
Peter H. Abbrecht; Howard J. Bryant; Richard Kyle; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
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| The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of transtracheal jet ventilation in organophosphate-challenged animals. Preliminary studies were done in normal canines to define the effects of ventilator operating parameters on respiratory gas exchange. Nine normal dogs, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, were ventilated through an eight gauge cricothyrotomy cannula using a controller that allowed separate setting of drive pressure, duty cycle, and frequency. Arterial (partial pressure of oxygen) ... |
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| Evaluation of Gas Exchange Capability and Work Requirements of a Hand- Powered Resuscitator for Organophosphate Casualties |
20 JUL 87 |
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| Authors:
Peter H. Abbrecht; Howard J. Bryant; UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES BETHESDA MD
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| We measured pulmonary ventilation and respiratory gas exchange produced by a hand-powered resuscitator (RDIC) and cricothyroid cannula in animals challenged with organophosphate (OP). Dogs weighing 20-25 Kg, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, were given 2 LD50 of GD I.V., followed by 1 mg atropine I.V. 8 minutes later. Heart rate, arterial pressure, arterial blood gases, deliverew flow, alveolar and dead space ventilation, airway pressure, upper airway leakage, and power done on ... |
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| Interaction between Lung Mechanics and Gas Exchange by Low Volume High Frequency Pulmonary Ventilation in Patients with Respiratory Failure |
22 NOV 1983 |
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| Authors:
J. M. Drazen; J. Lehr; A. F. Saari; J. Solway; A. S. Slutsky; BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL BOSTON MA
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| Research progress has been made toward two goals in the first contract year, patient studies and model studies. In the patient studies we investigated the relationship between airway pressure and lung volume during high frequency low tidal volume ventilation (HFV). Patients requiring mechanical ventilatory support for treatment of respiratory insufficiency were studied by imposing rapid (1-10 Hz) oscillations with low tidal volumes (50-150 m1) at a constant mean airway pressure ... |
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| Isobaric Inert Gas Counterdiffusion |
01 NOV 1982 |
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| Authors:
Marthe Beckett Kent; UNDERSEA MEDICAL SOCIETY INC BETHESDA MD
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| There were 32 participants at this workshop representing various scientific disciplines, federal agencies and universities all with an interest in diving medicine. Session I which dealt with experiments and observations, presented not only an historical review but demonstrations of counterdiffusion. There were special presentations dealing with theoretical bases of isobaric supersaturation and with counterdiffusion in skin and eye and inert gas exchange in the middle ear. Session II dealt with ... |
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Reports by Keyword(s)
GAS EXCHANGE(BIOLOGY)
